Repair of pressure equipment. Current safety regulations in the field of industrial safety

In the comments, leave a request for regulatory documents that you would like to be able to download.

“Safety rules for offshore oil and gas facilities”, approved by order of Rostekhnadzor dated March 18, 2014 N 105 ( have not entered into force);

Federal rules and regulations in the field industrial safety “Safety Rules for Mining and Processing of Solid Minerals”, approved by order of Rostekhnadzor dated December 11, 2013 N 599 - DOWNLOAD ;

Federal norms and rules in the field of industrial safety “Industrial safety rules for hazardous production facilities that use equipment operating under overpressure”, approved by order Federal Service in Environmental, Technological AI nuclear supervision dated March 25, 2014 N 116 - DOWNLOAD ;

Federal norms and rules in the field of industrial safety “Requirements for production welding work at hazardous production facilities”, approved by order of the Federal Service for Ecological, Technological and Nuclear Supervision of March 14, 2014 N 102;

Federal norms and rules in the field of industrial safety “Safety Rules for Passenger Cableways and Funiculars”, approved by order of the Federal Service for Ecological, Technological and Nuclear Supervision of February 6, 2014 N 42;

Federal norms and rules in the field of industrial safety “Safety rules for escalators in subways”, approved by order of the Federal Service for Ecological, Technological and Nuclear Supervision of January 13, 2014 N 9;

Federal norms and rules in the field of industrial safety "Safety rules for the production, transportation, use of melts of ferrous and non-ferrous metals and alloys based on these melts", approved by order of the Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision of December 30, 2013 N 656 ( have not entered into force);

Federal norms and rules in the field of industrial safety “Instructions for the calculation and use of anchor bolting in coal mines”, approved by order of the Federal Service for Ecological, Technological and Nuclear Supervision of December 17, 2013 N 610;

Federal norms and rules in the field of industrial safety “Safety rules for blasting”, approved by order of the Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision dated December 16, 2013 N 605 - DOWNLOAD ;

Federal norms and rules in the field of industrial safety “Regulations on the safe conduct of mining operations in deposits prone and dangerous in terms of rock bumps”, approved by order of the Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision of December 2, 2013 N 576;

Federal norms and rules in the field of industrial safety “Safety regulations for cargo aerial ropeways”, approved by order of the Federal Service for Ecological, Technological and Nuclear Supervision of November 22, 2013 N 563;

Federal norms and rules in the field of industrial safety “Safety Rules for Underground Gas Storages”, approved by order of the Federal Service for Ecological, Technological and Nuclear Supervision of November 22, 2013 N 561;

Federal norms and rules in the field of industrial safety "Safety rules for explosive production facilities for the storage and processing of plant raw materials", approved by order of the Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision dated November 21, 2013 N 560 - DOWNLOAD ;

Federal norms and rules in the field of industrial safety “Safety Rules for Chemically Hazardous Production Facilities”, approved by order of the Federal Service for Ecological, Technological and Nuclear Supervision dated November 21, 2013 N 559 - DOWNLOAD ;

Federal norms and rules in the field of industrial safety “Safety Rules for Facilities Using Liquefied Petroleum Gases”, approved by order of the Federal Service for Ecological, Technological and Nuclear Supervision of November 21, 2013 N 558;

Federal norms and rules in the field of industrial safety “Safety rules for the production of chlorine and chlorine-containing media”, approved by order of the Federal Service for Ecological, Technological and Nuclear Supervision of November 20, 2013 N 554;

Federal norms and rules in the field of industrial safety “Safety Rules in Coal Mines”, approved by order of the Federal Service for Ecological, Technological and Nuclear Supervision of November 19, 2013 N 550;

Federal norms and rules in the field of industrial safety “Rules for the examination of industrial safety”, approved by order of the Federal Service for Ecological, Technological and Nuclear Supervision dated November 14, 2013 N 538;

Federal norms and rules in the field of industrial safety “Safety Rules for Hazardous Production Facilities Using Lifting Structures”, approved by order of the Federal Service for Ecological, Technological and Nuclear Supervision of November 12, 2013 N 533;

Federal norms and rules in the field of industrial safety “Safety Rules for Hazardous Production Facilities of Main Pipelines”, approved by order of the Federal Service for Ecological, Technological and Nuclear Supervision of November 6, 2013 N 520;

Federal norms and rules in the field of industrial safety “General requirements to the justification of the safety of a hazardous production facility”, approved by order of the Federal Service for Ecological, Technological and Nuclear Supervision of July 15, 2013 N 306;

Federal norms and rules in the field of industrial safety “Instructions for determining the incubation period of spontaneous combustion of coal”, approved by order of the Federal Service for Ecological, Technological and Nuclear Supervision of April 2, 2013 N 132;

Federal norms and rules in the field of industrial safety “Safety rules in the oil and gas industry” , approved by order of Rostekhnadzor dated March 12, 2013 N 101;

Federal norms and rules in the field of industrial safety “ General rules explosion safety for fire and explosion hazardous chemical, petrochemical and oil refining industries”, approved by order of the Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision dated March 11, 2013 N 96 - DOWNLOAD ;

Federal norms and rules in the field of industrial safety “Instructions for conducting training alarms and exercises under the plan for the elimination of the accident”, approved by order of the Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision dated February 14, 2013 N 59 - DOWNLOAD ;

Federal norms and rules in the field of industrial safety "Instructions for monitoring the composition of mine air, determining the gas content and establishing the categories of mines for methane and / or carbon dioxide", approved by order of Rostekhnadzor dated December 6, 2012 N 704;

Federal norms and rules in the field of industrial safety "Instructions for the scheduled practical inspection of emergency ventilation modes provided for by the emergency response plan", approved by order of Rostekhnadzor dated November 6, 2012 N 638 - DOWNLOAD ;

Federal norms and rules in the field of industrial safety “Instructions for drawing up ventilation plans for coal mines”, approved by order of Rostekhnadzor dated November 6, 2012 N 637;

Federal norms and rules in the field of industrial safety “Instruction on degassing of mine workings, investigation, accounting and prevention of gassing”, approved by the order of Rostekhnadzor dated November 6, 2012 N 636;

Federal norms and rules in the field of industrial safety "Instructions for the forecast, detection, location and control of self-heating centers of coal and endogenous fires in coal mines", approved by order of Rostekhnadzor dated November 6, 2012 N 635;

Federal norms and rules in the field of industrial safety “Instructions for Localization and Prevention of Explosions of Dust-Gas-Air Mixtures in Coal Mines”, approved by the order of Rostekhnadzor dated November 6, 2012 N 634;

Federal norms and rules in the field of industrial safety “Instruction for the inspection and revision of mine explosion-proof electrical equipment”, approved by the order of Rostekhnadzor dated November 6, 2012 N 631;

Federal norms and rules in the field of industrial safety “Instructions for the selection and testing of electrical devices and cables with a voltage of 6 (10) kV”, approved by order of the Federal Service for Ecological, Technological and Nuclear Supervision of November 6, 2012 N 630;

Federal norms and rules in the field of industrial safety "Instructions for the use of electrical equipment in a mine normal design and general-purpose electrical equipment in mines hazardous by gas and dust", approved by order of Rostekhnadzor dated November 6, 2012 N 629;

Federal norms and rules in the field of industrial safety "Instructions for power supply and the use of electrical equipment in dead-end mines ventilated by the VMP, dangerous for gas", approved by order of Rostekhnadzor dated November 6, 2012 N 628;

Federal norms and rules in the field of industrial safety “Instructions for power supply, selection and testing of electrical apparatus, cables and relay protection devices in local networks of coal mines with voltage up to 1200 V”, approved by order of Rostekhnadzor dated November 6, 2012 N 627;

Federal norms and rules in the field of industrial safety "Instructions for checking the maximum current protection of mine devices", approved by order of Rostekhnadzor dated November 6, 2012 N 626;

Federal norms and rules in the field of industrial safety “Instructions for the device, inspection and measurement of the resistance of mine grounding”, approved by order of the Federal Service for Ecological, Technological and Nuclear Supervision of November 6, 2012 N 625;

Federal norms and rules in the field of industrial safety “Procedure for the implementation of industrial safety expertise in the chemical, petrochemical and oil and gas processing industries”, approved by order of Rostekhnadzor dated October 15, 2012 N 584;

Federal norms and rules in the field of industrial safety "Regulations on the application of work permits when performing high-risk work at hazardous production facilities of the mining and metallurgical industry", approved by order of Rostekhnadzor dated January 18, 2012 N 44 - DOWNLOAD ;

General safety rules for metallurgical and coke-chemical enterprises and industries (PB 11-493-02), approved by the Decree of the Gosgortekhnadzor of the Russian Federation of June 21, 2002 N 35;

Rules for the development and protection of deposits of mineral waters and therapeutic mud (PB 07-602-03), approved by the resolution of the Gosgortekhnadzor of the Russian Federation of June 6, 2003 N 72;

Rules for the development of thermal power water deposits (PB-07-599-03), approved by the Decree of the Gosgortekhnadzor of the Russian Federation of June 6, 2003 N 69;

Safety Rules for the Exploration and Development of Oil and Gas Fields on the Continental Shelf (PB 08-623-03), approved by the Decree of the Gosgortekhnadzor of the Russian Federation of June 5, 2003 N 58;

Safety rules for the development of coal deposits open way (PB 05-619-03), approved by the Decree of the Gosgortekhnadzor of the Russian Federation of May 30, 2003 N 45;

Industrial safety rules for oil refineries (PB 09-563-03), approved by the Decree of the Gosgortekhnadzor of the Russian Federation of May 29, 2003 N 44;

Regulations on geological and mine surveying provision of industrial safety and subsoil protection (RD 07-408-01), approved by the Decree of the Gosgortekhnadzor of the Russian Federation of May 22, 2001 N 18;

Foundry Safety Rules (PB 11-551-03), approved by the Decree of the Gosgortekhnadzor of the Russian Federation of April 24, 2003 N 16;

Safety rules in pipe production (PB 11-562-03), approved by the Decree of the Gosgortekhnadzor of the Russian Federation of May 22, 2003 N 39;

Safety rules for the production of powders and powders from aluminum, magnesium and alloys based on them (PB 11-555-03), approved by the Decree of the Gosgortekhnadzor of the Russian Federation of May 22, 2003 N 38;

Safety rules for the production of antimony and its compounds (PB 11-556-03), approved by the Decree of the Gosgortekhnadzor of the Russian Federation of May 22, 2003 N 37;

Safety rules for the production of lead and zinc (PB 11-545-03), approved by the Decree of the Gosgortekhnadzor of the Russian Federation of April 24, 2003 N 27;

Safety rules in blast furnace production (PB 11-542-03), approved by the Decree of the Gosgortekhnadzor of the Russian Federation of April 24, 2003 N 26;

Safety rules in steelmaking (PB 11-552-03), approved by the Decree of the Gosgortekhnadzor of the Russian Federation of April 24, 2003 N 25;

Safety rules for the production and consumption of air separation products (PB 11-544-03), approved by the Decree of the Gosgortekhnadzor of the Russian Federation of April 24, 2003 N 24;

Safety rules in the production of precious metals, alloys and semi-finished products (PB 11-549-03), approved by the Decree of the Gosgortekhnadzor of the Russian Federation of April 24, 2003 N 23;

Safety rules in coke production (PB 11-543-03), approved by the Decree of the Gosgortekhnadzor of the Russian Federation of April 24, 2003 N 22;

Mercury Production Safety Rules (PB 11-550-03), approved by the Decree of the Gosgortekhnadzor of the Russian Federation of April 24, 2003 N 21;

Safety rules for the production of alumina, aluminum, magnesium, crystalline silicon and electrothermal silumin ( PB 11-541-03), approved by the Decree of the Gosgortekhnadzor of the Russian Federation of April 24, 2003 N 20;

Safety rules for the production of zirconium, hafnium and their compounds (PB 11-548-03), approved by the Decree of the Gosgortekhnadzor of the Russian Federation of April 24, 2003 N 19;

Safety rules in ferroalloy production (PB 11-547-03), approved by the Decree of the Gosgortekhnadzor of the Russian Federation of April 24, 2003 N 18;

Safety rules for the preparation of scrap and waste of ferrous and non-ferrous metals for remelting (PB 11-546-03), approved by the Decree of the Gosgortekhnadzor of the Russian Federation of April 24, 2003 N 17;

Safety regulations for the production of nickel, copper and cobalt (PB 11-554-03), approved by the Decree of the Gosgortekhnadzor of the Russian Federation of April 24, 2003 N 15;

Industrial safety rules in production vegetable oils pressing and extraction method (PB 09-524-03), approved by the Decree of the Gosgortekhnadzor of the Russian Federation of December 30, 2002 N 72;

Safety rules for the production of hard alloys and refractory metals (PB 11-523-03), approved by the Decree of the Gosgortekhnadzor of the Russian Federation of December 30, 2002 N 70;

Safety rules in rolling production (PB 11-519-02), approved by the Decree of the Gosgortekhnadzor of the Russian Federation of November 28, 2002 N 68;

The procedure for the use of welding technologies in the manufacture, installation, repair and reconstruction technical devices for hazardous production facilities ( RD 03-615-03), approved by the Decree of the Gosgortekhnadzor of the Russian Federation of June 19, 2003 N 103;

The procedure for the use of welding consumables in the manufacture, installation, repair and reconstruction of technical devices for hazardous production facilities ( RD 03-613-03), approved by the Decree of the Gosgortekhnadzor of the Russian Federation of June 19, 2003 N 101;

Rules for the design, manufacture and acceptance of steel welded vessels and apparatus (PB 03-584-03), approved by the Decree of the Gosgortekhnadzor of the Russian Federation of June 10, 2003 N 81;

Safety regulations for ammonia refrigeration units (PB 09-595-03), approved by the Decree of the Gosgortekhnadzor of the Russian Federation of June 9, 2003 N 79;

Rules for organizing and conducting acoustic emission control of vessels, apparatuses, boilers and technological pipelines ( PB 03-593-03), approved by the Decree of the Gosgortekhnadzor of the Russian Federation of June 9, 2003 N 77;

Safety rules for the production of hydrogen by electrolysis of water (PB 03-598-03), approved by the Decree of the Gosgortekhnadzor of the Russian Federation of June 6, 2003 N 75;

Rules for the design and safe operation of refrigeration systems (PB 09-592-03), approved by the Decree of the Gosgortekhnadzor of the Russian Federation of June 6, 2003 N 68;

Decree of the Gosgortekhnadzor of the Russian Federation of June 5, 2003 N 65 “On approval of the Instructions for the safe operation of electrical installations in the mining industry” (RD 06-572-03);

Rules for the arrangement of charging, supply and mixing equipment intended for the mechanization of blasting ( PB 13-564-03), approved by the Decree of the Gosgortekhnadzor of the Russian Federation of June 5, 2003 N 64 - DOWNLOAD ;

Safety Rules for Aboveground Storages of Liquid Ammonia (PB 09-579-03), approved by the Decree of the Gosgortekhnadzor of the Russian Federation of June 5, 2003 N 62;

Rules for the device and safe operation compressor units from reciprocating compressors operating on explosive and harmful gases ( PB 03-582-03), approved by the Decree of the Gosgortekhnadzor of the Russian Federation of June 5, 2003 N 61;

Rules for the design and safe operation of stationary compressor units, air ducts and gas pipelines ( PB 03-581-03), approved by the Decree of the Gosgortekhnadzor of the Russian Federation of June 5, 2003 N 60 - DOWNLOAD ;

Rules for the development, manufacture and use of diaphragm safety devices (PB 03-583-03), approved by the Decree of the Gosgortekhnadzor of the Russian Federation of June 5, 2003 N 59;

Safety rules for gas processing plants and industries (PB 08-622-03), approved by the Decree of the Gosgortekhnadzor of the Russian Federation of June 5, 2003 N 54;

Safety Rules for the Production of Titanium Sponge and Titanium Powders (PB 11-588-03), approved by the Decree of the Gosgortekhnadzor of the Russian Federation of June 5, 2003 N 49;

Safety rules for enrichment and briquetting of coal (shale) (PB 05-580-03), approved by the Decree of the Gosgortekhnadzor of the Russian Federation of May 30, 2003 N 46;

Rules for industrial safety of rubber production (PB 09-570-03), approved by the Decree of the Gosgortekhnadzor of the Russian Federation of May 27, 2003 N 41.

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Based on subparagraph 7.4 of paragraph 7 of the Regulations on the Ministry of emergencies Republic of Belarus, approved by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Belarus dated December 29, 2006 N 756 "On some issues of the Ministry of Emergency Situations", the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Republic of Belarus DECIDES:

1. Approve the attached Rules for ensuring industrial safety of equipment operating under excessive pressure.

V.A. Vashchenko

AGREED AGREED First Deputy Minister of Agriculture of the Minister of Architecture and Food and Construction of the Republic of Belarus of the Republic of Belarus L.K. Zayats A.V. .A.Shunevich A.A.Sivak 10.12.2015 09.12.2015 AGREED AGREED Minister of Housing, Minister of Labor, Communal Services and social protection Republic of Belarus Republic of Belarus A.A. Terekhov M.A. Shchetkina 04.12.2015 08.12.2015 AGREED AGREED Minister of Health Minister of Energy of the Republic of Belarus V.I. Chairman of the State Security Committee of the Republic of Belarus Lieutenant-General of the Republic of Belarus A.A. Ravkov V.P. Vakulchik 08.12.2015 11.12.2015 AGREED AGREED Acting Acting Minister of Industry Chairman of the State Republic of Belarus of the Border Committee A.S. Ogorodnikov of the Republic of Belarus 08.12 .2015 I.E. Butkevich 05.12.2015 AGREED AGREED Chairman of the State Committee Chairman forensic examinations Belarusian State Republic of Belarus Concern for Oil and Chemistry A.I. Shved I.V. Lyashenko 09.12.2015 31.12.2015
APPROVED Decree of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Republic of Belarus 28.01.2016 N 7

REGULATIONS

ON ENSURING INDUSTRIAL SAFETY OF EQUIPMENT OPERATING UNDER PRESSURE PRESSURE

SECTION I

GENERAL PROVISIONS

CHAPTER 1

PURPOSE AND SCOPE

1. These Rules are developed in accordance with the Law of the Republic of Belarus dated January 10, 2000 "On Industrial Safety of Hazardous Production Facilities" (National Register of Legal Acts of the Republic of Belarus, 2000, N 8, 2/138) and technical regulations Customs Union"On the safety of equipment operating under excessive pressure" (hereinafter - TR CU 032/2013), decision Council of the Eurasian economic commission dated July 2, 2013 N 41.

2. These Rules are aimed at ensuring industrial safety, preventing accidents, incidents at hazardous production facilities (hereinafter referred to as HIF), potentially hazardous facilities (hereinafter referred to as PHO), which use equipment operating under excessive pressure (hereinafter referred to as pressure equipment), and establish industrial safety requirements for the operation, maintenance, installation, reconstruction, repair, adjustment, technical examination and technical diagnostics of pressure equipment, design of HIFs, HIFs where pressure equipment is used.

The requirements of these Rules are obligatory for execution by all business entities, regardless of their organizational and legal forms and forms of ownership, carrying out activities in the field of industrial safety on the territory of the Republic of Belarus, specified in paragraph 2 of these Rules.

Operation of HIFs supervised by the Department for Supervision of Safe Work in Industry of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Republic of Belarus (hereinafter referred to as Gospromnadzor), design (construction), installation, commissioning, maintenance, technical diagnostics, repair of pressure equipment, design (development of a technological section) boiler houses are carried out by specialized organizations that have a special permit (license) for the right to carry out activities in the field of industrial safety, issued in accordance with the Licensing Regulations certain types activities, approved by Decree of the President of the Republic of Belarus dated September 1, 2010 N 450 (National Register of Legal Acts of the Republic of Belarus, 2010 N 212, 1/11914), (hereinafter referred to as the Licensing Regulation).

3. The rules apply to equipment under a pressure of more than 0.07 MPa, steam, gas (in a gaseous, liquefied state), water at a temperature of more than 115 ° C, other liquids at a temperature exceeding their boiling point at an overpressure of 0.07 MPa, used for OPO, VET:

steam boilers, including boilers-boilers, as well as autonomous superheaters and economizers;

hot water and steam hot water boilers;

energy technology boilers: steam and hot water boilers, including soda recovery boilers;

waste heat boilers (steam and hot water);

boilers of mobile and transportable installations;

steam and liquid boilers operating with high-temperature organic and inorganic heat carriers (hereinafter referred to as thermal oil boilers);

boilers with electric heating, electrode boilers (hereinafter - electric boilers);

pipelines within the boiler;

steam boilers switched to hot water mode;

pipelines for transporting the coolant of thermal oil boilers (hereinafter referred to as thermal oil pipelines) within the HIF, POO;

vessels operating under excess pressure (hereinafter referred to as vessels) of steam, gases, liquids;

cylinders intended for compressed, liquefied and dissolved gases under pressure;

tanks and barrels for compressed and liquefied gases;

tanks and vessels for compressed, liquefied gases, liquids and loose bodies, in which excess pressure is periodically created to empty them;

pressure chambers.

4. These Rules do not apply to:

boilers, including electric boilers, as well as autonomous superheaters and economizers, steam pipelines and hot water installed on sea and river vessels and other floating facilities (except for dredges) and objects of underwater use;

heating boilers of railway rolling stock and special rolling stock;

boilers with a volume of steam and water (liquid) space of 0.002 m 3 or less, in which the product of the operating pressure in MPa and the volume in m 3 does not exceed 0.005;

electric boilers with a capacity of not more than 0.025 m 3;

tube furnaces and superheaters of tube furnaces of organizations of the oil refining and petrochemical industries;

vessels with a capacity of not more than 0.025 m 3, regardless of pressure, used for scientific and experimental purposes. When determining the capacity, the volume occupied by the lining, pipes and other internal devices is excluded from the total capacity of the vessel. A group of vessels, as well as vessels consisting of separate bodies and interconnected by pipes with inside diameter more than 100 mm are considered as one vessel;

vessels and cylinders with a capacity of not more than 0.025 m 3, in which the product of pressure values ​​in MPa and capacity in m 3 does not exceed 0.02;

vessels operating under pressure, created during an explosion inside them in accordance with the technological process or combustion in the mode of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis;

vessels operating under vacuum;

vessels installed on sea, river vessels and other floating facilities;

vessels installed on airplanes and other aircraft;

pressure equipment used in braking systems and mechanisms that ensure the functioning of all equipment installed on railway rolling stock, special rolling stock, cars, other vehicles;

vessels and pipelines of nuclear power plants, vessels, as well as heat and power equipment working with a radioactive environment, including pipelines of nuclear power plants;

steam and water heating devices;

vessels consisting of pipes with an internal diameter of not more than 150 mm without collectors, as well as with collectors made of pipes with an internal diameter of not more than 150 mm;

parts of machines that are not independent vessels (cases of pumps or turbines, cylinders of engines of steam, hydraulic, air machines and compressors), including non-switchable, structurally built-in (installed on the same foundation with the compressor) intermediate coolers, and oil and moisture separators of compressor units, air pump caps;

technological pipelines;

pipelines installed on the rolling stock of railway, road and caterpillar vehicles;

drain, purge and exhaust pipelines of boilers, pipelines, vessels, reduction-cooling and other devices connected to the atmosphere, pipelines located within the turbine, pump, steam, air and hydraulic machines;

main pipelines, infield and local distribution pipelines intended for transportation of gas, oil and other products;

pipelines of gas distribution networks and gas consumption networks;

medical pressure chambers;

equipment made (manufactured) from a non-metallic flexible (elastic) shell.

5. These Rules use the terms and their definitions in the meanings defined by the Law of the Republic of Belarus dated January 10, 2000 "On Industrial Safety of Hazardous Production Facilities", TR CU 032/2013.

For the purposes of these Rules, the following terms and definitions are also used:

the owner of a hazardous production facility, a potentially hazardous facility - a legal entity that operates a hazardous production facility, a facility that uses pressurized equipment, which, as the owner or under an agreement with the owner, is liable in accordance with the legislation of the Republic of Belarus;

post-production - the final assembly of pressure equipment using one-piece and detachable connections carried out by the manufacturer at the place of installation;

installation - assembly and installation of equipment under pressure by using permanent and detachable connections of its components and ready-made constituent parts, as well as the installation of finished equipment in the design position with the connection of utilities to it;

operating instructions (production) for personnel (workers) servicing equipment under pressure (hereinafter referred to as operating instructions - local regulatory legal act, developed taking into account the requirements of the manual for the operation of pressure equipment, establishing specific actions of personnel (workers) during the maintenance (operation) of pressure equipment;

operational and adjustment tests - a set of works, including the determination optimal modes work, efficiency values, specific fuel consumption at different performance of pressure equipment;

reconstruction - a change in the design of pressure equipment and its elements through the use of welded joints, causing the need to adjust its passport. During the reconstruction, the technical parameters of the equipment change;

repair - restoration of damaged, worn out or unusable for any reason elements of pressure equipment using permanent (welded) joints in order to bring it to a working condition;

specialized organization - an organization that has a special permit (license) for the right to carry out activities in the field of industrial safety, which includes one or more types of work performed (design (development of the technological section of boiler houses), installation, technical diagnostics, repair, adjustment, maintenance, operation HIFs where pressure equipment is used), in which these types of work performed constitute the bulk;

maintenance (repair) means - technological equipment and facilities designed to perform maintenance (repair);

technical diagnostics - a set of operations using non-destructive, destructive testing methods, performed after the expiration of the estimated service life of pressure equipment or after the exhaustion of the estimated safe operation resource in order to determine the possibility, parameters and conditions for further operation of this equipment;

maintenance - a set of operations or an operation to maintain the operability or serviceability of pressure equipment when it is used for its intended purpose;

technical examination - a set of procedures, including visual methods for monitoring pressure equipment, tests (hydraulic or pneumatic), analysis of technical documentation for operation, adjustment, diagnostic and repair work aimed at confirming industrial safety and further operability of pressure equipment under operating conditions;

technological documentation - a set of technological documents sufficient for the implementation of technological processes, drawn up taking into account the current normative documents;

operation - the use of pressure equipment for its intended purpose.

CHAPTER 2
RESPONSIBILITY FOR VIOLATION OF THESE RULES

6. Persons carrying out activities in the field of industrial safety on the territory of the Republic of Belarus shall bear responsibility for the violations of these Rules committed by them in accordance with the legislation of the Republic of Belarus.

Issuance by officials of organizations of instructions or instructions to subordinate employees, in violation of the requirements of these Rules, operating instructions and labor protection instructions, to arbitrarily resume work stopped by officials of Gospromnadzor, the main military inspectorate of the Armed Forces (hereinafter referred to as the main military inspectorate) - for supervised facilities, the Department of the State Labor Inspectorate of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Republic of Belarus, as well as the failure to take measures to eliminate violations of the rules and instructions committed by employees, are violations of these Rules and serve as the basis for prosecution.

7. Deviations from these Rules are allowed in exceptional and justified cases in agreement with Gospromnadzor, the main military inspectorate - for supervised facilities in accordance with paragraph 20.24 of the unified list of administrative procedures carried out by state bodies and other organizations in relation to legal entities and individual entrepreneurs, approved by the Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus dated February 17, 2012 N 156 (National Register of Legal Acts of the Republic of Belarus, 2012, N 35, 5/35330) (hereinafter referred to as the unified list of administrative procedures).

8. The implementation on the territory of the Republic of Belarus of the activities specified in paragraph 2 of these Rules, which involves the use of equipment under pressure, including foreign production, must comply with the requirements of these Rules.

The organization that performed the relevant work is responsible for the correct design of pressure equipment specified in paragraph 3 of these Rules, its strength calculation, material selection, installation, adjustment, repair, technical examination, technical diagnostics, as well as for the compliance of pressure equipment with the requirements of these Rules. .

SECTION II

INDUSTRIAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DESIGN OF EQUIPMENT UNDER PRESSURE OF HAZARDOUS PRODUCTION FACILITIES AND POTENTIALLY HAZARDOUS FACILITIES ON WHICH EQUIPMENT UNDER PRESSURE IS USED

CHAPTER 3

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

9. Changes in the design of pressure equipment, the need for which may arise during the design of HIFs, HIFs must be agreed with the developer of design documentation.

Changes in the design documentation of HIFs, FETs, the need for which may arise during the installation, reconstruction, repair, adjustment and operation of HIFs, FETs, must be agreed with the developer of the project documentation, in the absence of information about the developer of the project documentation with a specialized organization that has a special permit ( license) for the right to carry out activities in the field of industrial safety.

10. Installation, placement, piping of boilers and vessels, laying of steam and hot water pipelines, pipelines must ensure the possibility and safety of their maintenance, inspection, repair, flushing, cleaning.

11. For convenient and safe maintenance, inspection, repair of pressure equipment, the design should provide for permanent or mobile metal platforms with fences and stairs with railings.

12. Platforms for maintenance of equipment, located at a height of more than 0.8 m, must have fences and stairs with handrails. The height of the railings (handrails) must be at least 1 m, while at a height of 0.5 m from the flooring of the platform (stairs) there must be an additional longitudinal railing. Vertical racks fences (handrails) should have a step of no more than 1.2 m. At the edges, the platform decking should have a continuous side strip 0.15 m high.

The design and dimensions of the platforms should exclude the possibility of workers falling and ensure convenient and safe maintenance of the equipment. The surfaces of the decks of the platforms and steps of the stairs must exclude slipping.

Walkways and stairs should have railings on both sides. Platforms longer than 18 m must have at least two stairs (two exits) located at opposite ends.

The use of smooth platforms and steps of stairs, as well as their execution from bar (round) steel is prohibited.

13. Platform guards and stairways with handrails, and honeycomb steel for platforms and stair treads with dimensions conforming to the requirements of European Standards or ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers), for pressure equipment manufactured in accordance with the requirements of these standards, are allowed.

Platforms and steps of stairs in the boiler room of semi-open and open types must be made of expanded metal, honeycomb or strip steel (on the edge) with a cell clearance area of ​​​​not more than 12 cm 2.

14. Stairs must have a width of at least 600 mm, a height between steps of no more than 200 mm, a width of steps of at least 80 mm. stairs high altitude should have intermediate platforms. The distance between the sites should be no more than 4 m.

Ladders with a height of more than 1.5 m must have an angle of inclination to the horizontal of not more than 50 °.

15. The width of the free passage of the platforms must be at least 600 mm, and for servicing valves, control measuring instruments and other equipment - not less than 800 mm.

The free height above the floor of the platforms and the steps of the stairs must be at least 2 m.

CHAPTER 4

REQUIREMENTS FOR POSITIONING AND PIVING OF BOILERS AND AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF THE BOILER INSTALLATION

16. Stationary boilers must be installed in buildings and boiler rooms, the design of which must comply with the project, the requirements of regulatory legal acts (hereinafter referred to as NLA) and the mandatory requirements for compliance with technical regulatory legal acts (hereinafter referred to as TNLA) in the field of industrial and fire safety.

Installation of boilers outdoors is allowed if the boiler is designed to work on outdoors under given climatic conditions.

17. Arrangement of premises and attic floors over boilers is not allowed. This requirement does not apply to boilers for which they are allowed to be installed inside industrial premises.

18. Inside the production premises it is allowed to install:

once-through boilers with a steam capacity of not more than 4 tons per hour (t/h) each;

boilers that satisfy the condition (for each boiler), where t- temperature of saturated steam at operating pressure, °C; V- water volume of the boiler, m 3;

hot water boilers with a heating capacity of not more than 10.5 GJ/h (2.5 Gcal/h) each without drums;

water-heating electric boilers with an electric power of each not more than 2.5 MW;

waste heat boilers - no restrictions.

19. Exit doors from the boiler room must open outwards. Doors from office, household, and auxiliary rooms to the boiler room should open towards the boiler room.

20. The installation site of the boilers inside the production premises must be separated from the rest of the premises by fireproof partitions along the entire height of the boiler, but not lower than 2 m with doors installed. The locations of the exits and the direction of opening the doors are determined by the design organization.

In some cases, justified by technological necessity, by decision of the design organization, it is allowed to install boilers that are part of production line, inside the manufacturing facility without being separated from the rest of the manufacturing facility, together with other equipment to which they are connected in a process.

The number of floors of a boiler room with electric boilers, its layout and layout of equipment must ensure the protection of maintenance personnel from contact with live elements of the electric boiler.

As protective devices for electric boilers with an insulated body, fireproof partitions (fences) are provided - mesh with a cell size of not more than 25 x 25 mm or solid with glazed openings that allow you to observe the operation of the boilers. The applied partitions (fences) must have a height of at least 2 m and be equipped with doors for the passage of personnel. The entrance behind the partition (fence) must have a blocking that prohibits opening the door when the boiler is turned on and turning on the boiler when open door fences. If the lock is faulty or the door is opened, the boiler should automatically switch off.

21. In buildings and premises where boilers are installed, it is not allowed to place household and office premises that are not intended for personnel servicing boilers, as well as workshops that are not intended for repairing boiler equipment.

This requirement does not apply to buildings and premises where electric boilers are installed.

22. The boiler installation site should not be lower than the planning elevation of the ground adjacent to the boiler house building.

The device of pits in boiler rooms is not allowed. In some cases, justified by technological necessity, according to the decision of the design organization, pits can be arranged to accommodate shot-cleaning equipment, input and output units of heating mains, and in other cases.

23. The premises in which the boilers are located must be provided with sufficient natural light, and at night - with electric lighting.

Places that, for technical reasons, cannot be provided with natural light, must have electric lighting. Illumination must comply with the requirements of TKP 45-2.04-153-2009 (02250) "Natural and artificial lighting. Building design standards", approved by order of the Ministry of Architecture and Construction of the Republic of Belarus dated October 14, 2009 N 338 "On approval and implementation of technical normative legal acts in construction".

24. In addition to working lighting in boiler rooms, emergency electric lighting of the boiler room should be provided.

The following places are subject to mandatory emergency lighting:

front of the boilers, as well as passages between the boilers, behind the boilers and above the boilers;

boards and control panels;

water-indicating and measuring devices;

ash rooms;

fan platforms;

smoke sites;

rooms for tanks and deaerators;

water treatment equipment;

platforms and ladders of boilers;

pump rooms;

sites for boilers and heat exchangers.

25. The distance from the front of the boilers or protruding parts of the furnaces to the opposite wall of the boiler room must be at least 3 m, while for boilers operating on gaseous or liquid fuels, the distance from the protruding parts of the burner devices to the wall of the boiler room must be at least 1 m , and for boilers equipped with mechanized furnaces, the distance from the protruding parts of the furnaces must be at least 2 m.

For steam boilers with a steam output of not more than 2.5 t/h and hot water boilers with a thermal output of not more than 1.6 MW, the minimum distance from the front of the boilers or protruding parts of the furnaces to the wall of the boiler room may be reduced to 2 m in the following cases:

if the furnace is manually loaded solid fuel serviced from the front and has a length of not more than 1 m;

in the absence of the need to service the furnace from the front;

if the boilers operate on gaseous or liquid fuels (while maintaining a distance from the burners to the wall of the boiler room of at least 1 m).

Distance from the front of electric boilers electric power 1 MW and more to the opposite wall of the boiler room should be at least 2 m. For electric boilers with an electric power of not more than 1 MW, this distance can be reduced to 1 m.

26. The distance between the front of the boilers and the protruding parts of the furnaces located opposite each other should be:

for boilers equipped with mechanized furnaces, at least 4 m;

for boilers operating on gaseous or liquid fuels, at least 4 m, while the distance between the burners must be at least 2 m;

for boilers with manual loading of solid fuel at least 4 m.

When installing a boiler auxiliary equipment and control panels in front of the front of the boilers, the width of free passages along the front must be at least 1.5 m, and the installed equipment must not interfere with the maintenance of the boilers.

27. Minimum distance clear between fittings, auxiliaries and building structures should be taken in accordance with SNiP II-35-76 "Boiler plants", approved by the resolution State Committee Council of Ministers of the USSR for Construction of December 31, 1976 N 229 (hereinafter - SNiP II-35-76).

28. When installing boilers that require lateral maintenance of the furnace or boiler (sanding, blowing, cleaning of gas ducts, drums and collectors, excavation of economizer and superheater packages, excavation of pipes, maintenance of burners, benchmarks, furnace elements, maintenance of periodic blowing), width side passage should be sufficient for maintenance and repair, but not less than 1.5 m for boilers with a steam output of up to 4 t/h and not less than 2 m for boilers with a steam output of 4 t/h and more.

The width of the side passage, as well as the passage between the electric boilers and the rear wall of the boiler room, must be at least 1 meter.

In the cases provided for by the project and the operating manual, it is allowed to install electric boilers directly against the wall of the boiler room, if this does not interfere with their maintenance during operation and repair.

29. In cases where lateral maintenance of furnaces and boilers is not required, it is mandatory to arrange passages between the outermost boilers and the walls of the boiler room. The width of these passages, as well as the width of the passage between the boilers and the rear wall of the boiler room, must be at least 1 m.

It is allowed to install boilers directly against the wall of the boiler room, if this does not interfere with their maintenance during operation and repair.

The width of the passage between the individual parts of the boilers protruding from the lining (frames, pipes, separators), as well as between these parts and the protruding parts of the building (brackets, columns, stairs, work platforms) must be at least 0.7 m.

30. Passages in the boiler room must have a free height of at least 2 m. The distance from the platforms from which the boilers, its fittings, instrumentation and other equipment are serviced to the ceiling or protruding structural elements of the building (room) must be at least 2 m

If there is no need to pass through the boiler, as well as through the drum, dry steamer or economizer, the distance from them to the lower structural parts of the boiler room cover must be at least 0.3 m.

When installing boilers outdoors, the layout of auxiliary boiler equipment located in the room is determined in accordance with SNiP II-35-76.

For boilers with an electrode group mounted on a removable cover, the vertical distance from the upper part of the boiler to the lower structural elements of the ceiling must be sufficient to remove the electrode group from the boiler body.

The distance between the boilers or between the walls of the electric boiler room must be sufficient to remove the removable block of electric heating elements.

31. It is forbidden to install equipment in the same room with boilers and economizers that is not directly related to the maintenance and repair of boilers or to the technology for producing steam and (or) hot water.

Power plant boilers can be installed in common room with turbine units or in adjacent rooms without the construction of dividing walls between the boiler room and the machine room.

32. Placement of boilers and auxiliary equipment in block containers, transportable units and in power trains should be carried out in accordance with the design documentation.

33. The vertical distance from the platform for servicing water-indicating instruments to the middle of the water-indicating glass (scale) must be at least 1 m and not more than 1.5 m. ranging from 0.6 to 1.8 m.

34. In cases where the distance from the zero mark of the boiler room to top platform boilers exceeds 20 m, lifting devices must be installed for lifting people and goods with a carrying capacity of at least 1000 kg. Quantity, type and installation locations lifting devices installed in the boiler room should be determined by the project.

35. For the safe operation of boilers, the project must provide pipelines:

supply of feed or network water;

purging the boiler and draining water when the boiler stops;

removal of air from the boiler when filling it with water and kindling;

purging the superheater and steam pipeline;

water and steam sampling;

introduction of corrective reagents into the boiler water during operation and washing reagents during chemical cleaning of the boiler;

removal of water or steam during kindling and stopping;

heating drums during kindling.

36. The number and points of connection to the elements of the boiler purge, drain, drainage and air pipelines must be selected in such a way as to ensure the removal of water, condensate and precipitation from the lowest and air from the upper parts of the boiler. In cases where the removal working environment cannot be provided by gravity, it should be forced to remove it by purging with steam, compressed air, nitrogen or other methods.

37. The purge line must lead the water to a pressureless container. The use of a pressure vessel is allowed, provided that the reliability and efficiency of the purge are confirmed by appropriate calculations.

38. In all sections of the steam pipeline that can be turned off by shut-off devices, drains must be provided at the lower points to ensure the removal of condensate.

39. Structural and layout solutions for purge, emptying, drainage, reagent injection systems adopted by the designer for specific equipment must ensure the reliable operation of the boiler in all modes, including emergency, as well as its reliable conservation during downtime.

40. Safety valves must have discharge pipelines to ensure the safety of operating personnel. These pipelines must be protected from freezing and equipped with drains to drain the condensate that accumulates in them. Installation of locking devices on drains is not allowed.

41. The drain pipe from the safety valves of the hot water boiler, the economizer must be connected to the free water drain line, and both on it and on the drain line there should not be any locking devices. The design of the system of drainage pipes and free drain lines must exclude the possibility of burns to people.

To drain water when purging water-indicating instruments, funnels with a protective device and a drain pipe for free drainage should be provided.

42. A non-return valve must be installed on the boiler feed pipe to prevent water from escaping from the boiler, and a shut-off valve. check valve and a shut-off element must be installed before the economizer that cannot be switched off by water. For an economizer that is switched off by water, a non-return valve and a shut-off element should also be installed after the economizer.

43. At the water inlet to the boiler and at the outlet of the water from the boiler, it should be installed according to the shut-off body.

44. At each purge, drainage pipeline, as well as the pipeline for sampling water (steam) of boilers with a pressure of more than 0.8 MPa, at least two shut-off devices or one shut-off and one control valve must be installed.

On the same pipelines of boilers with a pressure of more than 10 MPa, in addition to the specified fittings, it is allowed to install throttle washers. To purge the chambers of superheaters, it is allowed to install one shut-off element. The conditional passage of the purge pipelines and fittings installed on them must be at least 20 mm for boilers with a pressure of up to 14 MPa and at least 10 mm for boilers with a pressure of 14 MPa or more.

45. When the medium is discharged from the boiler into a collection tank (separator, expander) with a lower pressure than in the boiler, the collection tank must be protected from exceeding the calculated pressure. The method of protection, as well as the number and location of fittings, instrumentation, safety devices are determined by the project.

46. ​​The location of the reinforcement is determined by the project, taking into account the most convenient control of it.

The main steam shut-off bodies of steam boilers with a steam capacity of more than 4 t / h must be equipped with a remote drive with control output to workplace personnel operating the boiler.

47. Control valves must be installed on the feed lines of each boiler.

With automatic regulation of the boiler feed, a remote drive must be provided to control the control feed fittings from the workplace serving the boiler personnel.

48. On the feed lines of boilers with a steam capacity of 2.5 t / h or less, it is allowed not to install control valves with automatic positional control of the water level by turning the pump on and off.

49. When installing several feed pumps with common suction and discharge pipelines, shut-off devices must be installed for each pump on the suction side and on the discharge side. On the discharge side of each centrifugal pump A non-return valve must be installed upstream of the shutoff valve.

50. Feeding boilers can be group with a feed pipe common to the connected boilers or individual - only for one boiler.

The inclusion of boilers in the same power group is allowed, provided that the difference in operating pressures in different boilers does not exceed 15%.

Feed pumps connected to a common line must have characteristics that allow parallel operation of the pumps.

51. To supply boilers with water, the following is allowed:

centrifugal and piston pumps with electric drive;

centrifugal and piston pumps with steam drive;

steam injectors;

manual pumps;

plumbing network.

The use of a water supply network is allowed only as a backup power source for boilers, provided that the minimum water pressure in the water supply network in front of the boiler power regulator exceeds the calculated or permitted pressure in the boiler by at least 0.15 MPa.

A steam jet injector is equivalent to a steam driven pump.

52. In boiler rooms with hot water boilers, at least two interchangeable network circulation pumps must be installed. The pressure and performance of the pumps are selected in such a way that if one of the pumps fails, the uninterrupted operation of the heat supply system is ensured.

It is allowed to operate boilers with a steam capacity of not more than 1 t / h with one feed pump with an electric drive, if the boilers are equipped with safety automatics, which excludes the possibility of lowering the water level and increasing the pressure above the permissible level.

53. Pressure, pumped, must provide the boiler with water at the operating pressure behind the boiler, taking into account the hydrostatic height and pressure losses in the boiler path, the control device and in the feed water path.

The characteristics of the pump must also ensure that there are no interruptions in the supply of the boiler when the safety valves operate, taking into account the highest increase pressure when fully open.

In the case of group feeding of boilers, the pump head must be selected taking into account the above requirements, as well as based on the condition of supplying the boiler with the highest operating pressure or with the highest pressure loss in the feed pipeline.

54. The supply of feeding devices should be determined by the nominal steam output of the boilers, taking into account the water consumption for continuous or periodic blowing, for steam cooling, for reduction-cooling and cooling devices and for the possibility of water or steam loss.

55. The pressure and flow of water created by the circulation and make-up pumps must exclude the possibility of boiling water in the boiler and the heat supply system. The minimum pressure and water flow are set in accordance with the characteristics of the boiler specified in the design documentation.

56. The type, characteristics, number and scheme of switching on the feeders is determined by the project in order to ensure reliable and safe operation of the boiler in all modes, including emergency stops.

57. If there is no safety valve in the design of the piston feed pump, a safety valve must be installed on the discharge line of the feed pipeline between the piston feed pump and the shut-off body.

58. Installing and connecting economizers to boilers, as well as equipping them with instrumentation, shut-off and control valves, safety devices, must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the design documentation and the operation manual, taking into account the economizer switching schemes recommended in them. At the same time, the decisions made by the project on the choice of the economizer and the scheme of its inclusion should ensure the possibility of operation with the parameters of the working medium (pressure, temperature) not exceeding those established by the strength calculation and specified by the manufacturer in the design documentation.

59. During the new construction of a boiler house with steam boilers with a steam output of more than 1 t / h and hot water boilers with a heat output of more than 0.5 MW, and during the reconstruction (modernization), respectively, 2 t / h and 1.16 MW, operating on solid fuel, fuel supply to the boiler room and the boiler furnace must be mechanized. For boiler houses with a total output of slag and ash from boilers in the amount of 150 kg / h or more (regardless of the productivity of the boilers), the removal of slag and ash must be mechanized.

In case of manual ash removal, slag and ash bins must be equipped with devices for filling ash and slag with water in bunkers or trolleys. In the latter case, isolated chambers are arranged under the bunker for the installation of trolleys before lowering ash and slag into them. Cells should have tight-closing doors with glazed peepers and be equipped with ventilation and lighting. The control of the bunker shutter and the filling of the slag must be moved outside the chamber to a safe place for maintenance. On the entire path of movement of the trolley, the height of the free passage must be at least 2 m, and side clearances - at least 0.7 m.

If ash and slag are removed from the furnace directly to the working site, then exhaust ventilation must be installed in the boiler room above the place for removing and pouring focal residues.

For shaft furnaces with manual loading for wood fuel or peat, loading hoppers with a lid and a folding bottom must be arranged.

60. To ensure explosion and fire safety during operation of boilers, fuel supply to burners, requirements for shut-off, control and cut-off (safety) valves, a list of necessary protections and interlocks, as well as requirements for the preparation and supply of fuel to the boiler room are determined for each type of fuel by the requirements of project documentation , operating instructions for the boiler and technical regulatory legal acts of fire safety regulation and standardization systems.

On safety explosive valves installed (in cases provided for by the project) on boiler furnaces, economizers and gas ducts that divert fuel combustion products from boilers to the chimney, protective relief devices (casings, nozzles) must be provided to ensure the release of excess pressure (media removal) in case of explosions, pops in the boiler furnace and gas ducts in a direction that is safe for personnel. The design of the relief device must provide the possibility of monitoring the condition and tightness (density) of the explosive valve during its operation.

CHAPTER 5

REQUIREMENTS FOR INSTALLATION, PLACEMENT AND STRIPING OF VESSELS

61. Vessels should be installed in open areas in places that exclude crowds of people, or in separate buildings.

Air collectors or gas collectors must be installed on a foundation outside the compressor room building. The place of their installation must have a fence.

The distance between the air collectors must be at least 1.5 m, and between the air collector and the wall of the building - at least 1.0 m.

The air collector guard must be located at a distance of at least 2 m from the air collector towards the passage or aisle.

62. When installing vessels with explosive environments at the production sites of organizations, as well as at facilities located (in justified cases) on the territory settlements(automobile gas filling stations), it must be ensured that the safe distances for the location of vessels from buildings and structures established by the project, taking into account the radius of the danger zone in the event of an emergency depressurization of the vessel and the requirements of technical regulatory legal acts of the fire safety regulation and standardization system, must be observed.

63. It is allowed to install vessels:

in premises adjacent to industrial buildings, provided that they are separated from the building by a main wall, the structural strength of which is determined project documentation taking into account the maximum possible load that may occur during the destruction (accident) of vessels;

in industrial premises, including the premises of boiler houses and thermal power plants, in cases provided for by the project, taking into account the design standards for these facilities in relation to vessels for which, according to the conditions technological process it is impossible to install them outside the production premises;

with penetration into the ground, provided that access to the reinforcement is provided and the outer surface of the vessel walls is protected from corrosion.

64. Installation in residential, public and residential buildings, as well as in adjacent premises of vessels subject to registration with Gospromnadzor, the main military inspectorate - for supervised facilities.

65. Installation of vessels should exclude the possibility of their overturning.

66. Shut-off and shut-off and control valves should be installed on fittings directly connected to the vessel, or on pipelines leading to the vessel and removing the working medium from it. In the case of a series connection of several vessels, the need to install such fittings between them is determined by the developer of the design documentation.

The number, type of fittings and installation locations should be selected by the developer of the design documentation of the vessel based on specific operating conditions.

67. On the line for supplying the working medium, assigned to group 1 in accordance with TR TS 032/2013, to the vessels, as well as on the line for supplying the working medium to evaporators with fire or gas heating, a check valve must be installed, automatically closed by pressure from the vessel. The non-return valve must be installed between the pump (compressor) and the stop valves of the vessel. This paragraph does not apply to vessels with liquefied natural gas.

CHAPTER 6

PIPING REQUIREMENTS

68. The laying of pipelines, as well as their equipment with fittings, devices for drainage and purging, is carried out on the basis of the project.

69. Horizontal sections of the steam and hot water pipeline must have a slope of at least 0.004; for pipelines of heating networks, the slope must be at least 0.002.

The routing of pipelines should exclude the possibility of the formation of water stagnant areas.

When laying steam and hot water pipelines in semi-through channels, the clear height of the channels must be at least 1.5 m, the width of the passage between insulated pipelines must be at least 0.6 m.

Laying of pipelines for heating networks under highways perform in reinforced concrete impassable, semi-through or through channels.

When laying steam and hot water pipelines in through tunnels (collectors), the clear height of the tunnel (collector) must be at least 2 m, and the width of the passage between insulated pipelines must be at least 0.7 m.

At the locations of shut-off valves (equipment), the width of the tunnel should be sufficient for convenient maintenance of the installed valves (equipment). When laying several pipelines in tunnels, their mutual placement should ensure convenient repair of pipelines and replacement of their individual parts.

70. On heat networks at the installation sites of electrical equipment (pumping, heat points, tunnels, chambers), as well as in the places of installation of fittings with an electric drive, regulators and instrumentation, electric lighting is provided.

71. In the case of above-ground open laying of steam and hot water pipelines, their joint laying with process pipelines for various purposes is allowed, except in cases where such laying is contrary to the mandatory requirements of TNLA, as well as the rules and regulations establishing industrial safety requirements for HIFs, HIFs, on which the specified laying of pipelines is carried out.

72. Passage channels for pipelines of steam and hot water must have access hatches with a ladder or brackets. The distance between hatches should be no more than 300 m, and in the case of joint installation with other pipelines - no more than 50 m. Entrance hatches should also be provided at all end points of dead ends, at bends in the route and at valve installation nodes. Passage channels of heating networks are equipped with supply and exhaust ventilation in accordance with the design documentation.

Underground pipelines must be protected from corrosion. The type and methods of protection are determined by the design documentation depending on the design.

73. Chambers for servicing underground pipelines of steam and hot water must have at least two hatches with ladders or brackets. When pipelines pass through the chamber wall, the possibility of chamber flooding should be excluded.

74. Underground laying of steam and hot water pipelines, in which the parameters of the working environment exceed: temperature 450 ° C, pressure 8 MPa, in the same channel together with other technological pipelines is not allowed.

75. Steam and hot water pipeline fittings must be installed in places accessible for its convenient and safe maintenance and repair. In necessary cases, stationary stairs and platforms should be arranged in accordance with the project documentation. It is allowed to use mobile platforms and ladders for rarely used (less than once a month) fittings, access to the control of which is necessary when disconnecting a pipeline section for repair and connecting it after repair. It is not allowed to use ladders for repairing fittings with their disassembly and dismantling.

76. Installed cast-iron fittings for steam and hot water pipelines must be protected from bending stresses.

77. It is not allowed to use shut-off valves as control valves.

78. In the design of steam pipelines with an internal diameter of 150 mm or more and a steam temperature of 300 ° C or more, the installation locations of displacement indicators and the calculated values ​​of displacements along them should be indicated. Free access must be provided to the direction indicators. The installation of movement indicators to control the temperature elongation of pipelines in heating networks, regardless of the temperature of the coolant and the diameters of the pipelines, is not required.

79. Installation of shutoff valves on heating networks provides for:

on all pipelines of heat network outlets from heat sources, regardless of the parameters of heat carriers;

on pipelines of water networks conditional diameter 100 mm or more at a distance of not more than 1000 m (sectional valves) with a jumper between the supply and return pipelines;

in water and steam heat networks at nodes on branch pipelines with a nominal diameter of more than 100 mm, as well as at nodes on branch pipelines to individual buildings, regardless of the diameter of the pipeline;

on condensate pipelines at the inlet to the condensate collection tank.

80. Gate valves and gates with a diameter of 500 mm or more are equipped with an electric drive. When laying heating networks above ground, valves with electric drives are installed indoors or enclosed in casings that protect the fittings and the electric drive from atmospheric precipitation and exclude access to them by unauthorized persons.

81. All pipelines must have drains for draining water after a hydraulic test and air vents at the top of the pipelines to remove gas. Locations and design of air and drainage devices pipelines are established by design documentation.

Continuous condensate drainage is mandatory for saturated steam lines and for dead ends of superheated steam lines.

For steam heating networks, continuous removal of condensate at the lower points of the route is mandatory, regardless of the state of the steam.

The design, type and installation locations of drainage devices are determined by the project.

82. At the lower points of pipelines of water heating networks and condensate pipelines, as well as sectioned sections, fittings with shutoff valves for draining water (drainage devices) are mounted.

83. From the steam pipelines of heating networks at low points and before vertical rises, condensate must be continuously drained through steam traps.

In the same places, as well as on straight sections of steam pipelines, after 400 - 500 m with a passing and after 200 - 300 m with an oncoming slope, a device for starting drainage of steam pipelines is mounted.

84. All sections of steam pipelines that can be turned off by shut-off devices, for the possibility of heating and purging them, must be equipped at the end points with a fitting with a valve, and at pressures above 2.2 MPa - with a fitting and two valves in series: shut-off and control. Steam pipelines for a pressure of 20 MPa and above must be provided with fittings with shut-off and control valves and a throttle washer located in series. In cases of heating of the steam pipeline section in both directions, purging must be provided from both ends of the section.

The device of drainages should provide for the possibility of monitoring their work during the heating of the pipeline.

85. The lower end points of the steam pipelines and the lower points of their bends must be equipped with a purge device.

86. On water heat networks with a diameter of 500 mm or more at a pressure of 1.6 MPa or more, with a diameter of 300 mm or more at a pressure of 2.5 MPa or more, on steam networks with a diameter of 200 mm or more at a pressure of 1.6 MPa or more valves and gates are provided with bypass pipelines (bypasses) with shutoff valves.

SECTION III

INDUSTRIAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR INSTALLATION, RECONSTRUCTION, REPAIR, ADJUSTMENT, QUALITY CONTROL OF EQUIPMENT UNDER PRESSURE

CHAPTER 7

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

87. When installing, reconstructing, repairing and adjusting pressure equipment, the requirements of the pressure equipment manufacturer specified in the operating manual must be met.

Installation, reconstruction, repair of pressure equipment must be carried out taking into account the requirements of the standards included in the list of standards, as a result of which, on a voluntary basis, compliance with the requirements of TR TS 032/2013 is ensured.

88. Changing the design of pressure equipment, the need for which arises during its installation, reconstruction, repair, adjustment and operation, must be agreed with the design developer, and in the absence of information about the developer - with a specialized organization that has a special permit (license) for the right to carry out activities in the field of industrial safety in terms of design (construction) of pressure equipment.

89. Reconstruction (modernization) of pressure equipment must be carried out according to a project developed by the equipment manufacturer or a specialized organization that has a special permit (license) for the right to carry out activities in the field of industrial safety in terms of design (construction) of pressure equipment.

90. Materials and semi-finished products used in the installation, repair and reconstruction (modernization) of pressure equipment must ensure safe operating parameters determined by their mechanical properties, chemical composition, manufacturing technology, methods and scope of testing and quality control, a guaranteed level of design and technological characteristics, and must comply with the requirements of the manufacturer's technical documentation and project documentation. The use in the repair of equipment of materials not specified in the design documentation is allowed subject to agreement on the possibility of their use with the project developer and (or) manufacturer, and in case of their absence, on the basis of the conclusion of a research organization specializing in the field of materials science.

91. Installation, reconstruction and repair of pressure equipment must be carried out according to the technological documentation developed before the commencement of work by a specialized organization performing the relevant work.

92. When installing, reconstructing and repairing pressure equipment, a quality control system (input, operational, acceptance control) should be used to ensure the performance of work in accordance with these Rules, the mandatory requirements of TNLA and technological documentation.

93. Technological preparation and the performance of work should exclude the use of materials and products for which there are no certificates of conformity, passports and other documents confirming their quality.

94. To ensure the technological processes for performing installation, reconstruction, repair, adjustment during operation, the organization, depending on the types of activities carried out, must have:

the necessary equipment to perform control work technical condition equipment under pressure, before and after work;

the necessary equipment for performing metal cutting and welding, as well as the necessary welding materials. The welding technologies used must be qualified in accordance with the requirements of STB ISO 15614-1-2009 Technological instruction and qualification of technological processes for welding metallic materials. Tests of the technological process of welding. Part 1. Arc and gas welding of steels and arc welding of nickel and nickel alloys, approved by the Decree of the State Committee for Standardization of the Republic of Belarus dated February 11, 2009 N 7 "On approval, enactment, amendment and cancellation of technical regulatory legal acts in the field of technical regulation and standardization and national classifiers of the Republic of Belarus" (hereinafter - STB ISO 15614-1-2009), STB ISO 15614-8-2007 Technological instruction and qualification of technological processes for welding metallic materials. Test of the technological process of welding. Part 8. Welding of pipe joints with a tube sheet, approved by the Decree of the State Committee for Standardization of the Republic of Belarus dated November 30, 2007 N 62 "On approval, enactment, amendment and cancellation of technical regulatory legal acts in the field of technical regulation and standardization, recommendations on interstate standardization and standards of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance" (hereinafter - STB ISO 15614-8-2007);

assembly and welding, thermal, control equipment, devices and tools necessary to detect unacceptable defects in welded joints. To perform work on non-destructive and destructive quality control of welded joints, the organization must have or engage on a contractual basis an accredited laboratory;

means of measurement and control that have passed metrological verification and allow you to perform adjustment work, evaluate performance, perform repairs (reconstruction);

rigging and mounting devices, hoisting mechanisms, slings necessary for carrying out work on the manufacture, installation, reconstruction, repair;

auxiliary equipment (scaffolding, fences).

CHAPTER 8

CUTTING AND SHAPING OF SEMI-FINISHED PRODUCTS

95. Cutting of sheets, pipes and other semi-finished products, as well as cutting holes can be done by any method (mechanical, flame, electric arc, plasma). The specific method and technology of cutting is established by the technological documentation depending on the class and grade of steel.

96. The technology used for thermal cutting of materials sensitive to local heating and cooling should exclude the formation of cracks on the edges and the deterioration of metal properties in the heat-affected zone. In necessary cases, preheating and subsequent machining of the edges should be provided to remove a layer of metal with properties degraded during the cutting process.

97. Bending of pipes is allowed to be carried out by any method mastered by a specialized organization that ensures the quality of a bend that meets the requirements of technological documentation, without unacceptable defects, as well as deviations ( correct form section, wall thickness) within the established norms.

98. To ensure the mating of the transverse joints of pipes, boring, expansion or compression of the ends of the pipes is allowed. The values ​​of boring, expansion deformation or reduction are accepted within the limits established by the technological documentation.

99. Cold tension of pipelines, if it is provided for by the project, can be carried out only after all welded joints have been completed, with the exception of the closing, final fixing of fixed supports at the ends of the section subject to cold tension, as well as after heat treatment(if necessary) and quality control of welded joints located along the entire length of the section on which it is necessary to produce a cold fit.

100. On sheets, rolled products and forgings used in the installation, reconstruction and repair of pressure equipment, as well as on pipes with an outer diameter of more than 76 mm, the manufacturer's marking should be retained. In the case when these semi-finished products are cut into parts, the marking must be transferred to separate parts.

CHAPTER 9

WELDING, HEAT TREATMENT

101. During installation (additional manufacturing), repair, reconstruction (modernization) of pressure equipment, a welding technology that has been qualified in accordance with the requirements of STB ISO 15614-1-2009, STB ISO 15614-8-2007 must be applied.

102. Welding technology must contain instructions on metal welding technology (including tack welding), the use of filler materials, types and scope of control, as well as preliminary and concomitant heating and heat treatment. Welding requirements also apply to overlays.

103. To perform welding, serviceable installations, equipment and devices must be used to ensure compliance with the requirements of technological documentation.

104. Welders who have passed certification in accordance with the Rules for the certification of welders of the Republic of Belarus for manual, mechanized and automated fusion welding, approved by the protocol of Gospromatomnadzor dated June 27, 1994 N 6 (hereinafter referred to as the Rules for the certification of welders) or STB EN 287-1-2009 "Qualification of welders. Fusion welding. Part 1. Steel", approved by the Resolution of the State Committee for Standardization of the Republic of Belarus dated July 14, 2009 N 35 "On approval, introduction into effect, amendment and cancellation of technical regulatory legal acts in the field of technical regulation and standardization", STB EN 1418-2001 "Qualification of operators of fusion welding installations and adjusters of contact welding installations", approved by the resolution of the State Committee for Standardization of the Republic of Belarus of April 25, 2001. N 14, and having certification Ongoing certificate of the welder with the characteristics of the work performed, to which he is allowed, indicated in it.

105. A welder who starts welding pressure equipment for the first time in an organization, regardless of the presence of a certification certificate of a welder, must pass a test of practical skills by welding and control of a trial welded joint before being allowed to work.

Based on the results of the quality check of the test welded joint, a protocol is drawn up, which is the basis for the admission of the welder to perform welding work. If the welder has not performed work on welding pressure equipment for more than 6 months, before being allowed to work, he must weld the same type of control samples, which are indicated in the welder's attestation certificate issued to him.

106. The management for the performance of welding work of pressure equipment and quality control of welded joints should be assigned to the welding supervisor, who has the second, third or fourth qualification level of the welding supervisor in accordance with the requirements of STB 1063-2003 "Qualification and certification of personnel in the field of welding production. Requirements and procedure", approved by the Resolution of the Committee for Standardization, Metrology and Certification under the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus dated October 31, 2003 N 44 "On Approval, Entry into Force, Amendment and Cancellation state standards Republic of Belarus, interstate standards, UNECE rules and the national classifier".

107. Before starting welding, the assembly quality of the elements to be joined, as well as the condition of the joined edges and adjacent surfaces, should be checked. The method of fitting and assembling the edges for welding should exclude the possibility of the formation of residual stresses, hardening areas and plastic deformations of the base metal of the pressure equipment. When assembling, it is not allowed to adjust the edges by impact or local heating.

108. Preparation of edges and surfaces for welding must be performed by mechanical processing or by thermal cutting or gouging (oxygen, air-arc, plasma-arc or other thermal method) followed by mechanical processing (cutter, cutter, abrasive tool). The depth of machining after thermal cutting (gouging) must be specified in the technological documentation, depending on the susceptibility of a particular steel grade to the thermal cycle of cutting (gouging).

109. When assembling butt joints of pipes with one-sided cutting of edges and welded without backing rings and root welding, the displacement (mismatch) of the inner edges should not exceed the values ​​established in the technological documentation.

110. The edges of the parts to be welded and the areas adjacent to them must be cleaned of scale, paint, oil and other contaminants in accordance with the requirements of the technological documentation.

111. Welding and removal of auxiliary elements (assembly devices, temporary fasteners) must be carried out in accordance with the instructions of the design and technological documentation for a technology that excludes the formation of cracks and hardening zones in the metal of pressure equipment. Welding of these elements must be carried out by a welder authorized to carry out welding work on this equipment under pressure according to the welding technology.

112. Tacking of elements assembled for welding must be performed using the same welding consumables that will be used (or are allowed to be used) for welding this joint.

Tacks during further welding are removed or remelted with the main seam.

113. Welded joints of elements operating under excessive pressure with a wall thickness of more than 6 mm are subject to marking (branding), which allows the identification of the name of the welder who performed the welding. The marking system is indicated in the technological documentation. The method of marking should exclude hardening, hardening or unacceptable thinning of the metal thickness and ensure the safety of the marking throughout the entire period of operation of the equipment.

The necessity and method of marking welded joints with a wall thickness of 6 mm or less is established by the requirements of technological documentation.

114. If all welded joints of this equipment are made by one welder, then it is allowed not to mark each welded joint. In this case, the welder's brand should be placed near the nameplate or on another open area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe equipment, and the place of branding should be enclosed in a frame applied with indelible paint. Marking places must be indicated in the equipment passport (or in the assembly drawings attached to the passport).

115. If a welded joint was performed by several welders, then it must be branded by each welder who participated in its implementation, in the manner prescribed in the technological documentation.

116. Welding consumables used for welding pressure equipment during its installation, repair, reconstruction (modernization) must comply with the requirements of design documentation and welding technology.

117. Welding consumables must be removed from their original packaging for drying or annealing. When removing from the furnace, welding consumables must be protected from harmful effects, contributing to an increase in humidity, by storing them after calcination (drying) in special prefabricated canisters.

Furnaces for drying or calcining welding materials must be equipped with instruments (devices) for measuring the heating temperature.

118. If coated metal electrodes, welding wire, welding rods or their packages show signs of damage or any adverse effects, they should not be used.

Traces of damage or adverse effects on welding consumables include damaged or peeled coating of metal electrodes or protective covering wire, rusty or dirty filler rod or wire surface.

119. The brand, assortment, storage conditions and preparation for use of welding consumables must comply with the requirements of technological documentation or the requirements of the manufacturer.

120. Welding consumables must be controlled:

for the availability of relevant supporting documentation;

each batch of electrodes - for welding and technological properties, as well as for the compliance of the content of alloying elements with the normalized composition by steeloscopy (or other spectral method that provides confirmation of the presence of alloying elements in the metal) of the deposited metal made by alloyed electrodes;

each batch of flux-cored wire - for welding and technological properties;

each bay (coil, coil) alloyed welding wire- for the presence of the main alloying elements by steeloscopy or another spectral method that provides confirmation of the presence of alloying elements in the metal;

each batch of wire with each batch of flux, which will be used together for automatic submerged arc welding, on the mechanical properties of the weld metal.

121. Welding technology during installation, repair, reconstruction (modernization) of pressure equipment is allowed to be used after confirming its manufacturability on real products, checking the entire complex of required properties of welded joints and mastering effective methods their quality control.

122. The qualification of welding technology is divided into research and production. A research qualification is carried out by a research organization in preparation for the introduction of a new, previously uncertified welding technology. The production qualification is carried out by each specialized organization on the basis of recommendations issued based on the results of the research qualification.

123. Research qualification of welding technology is carried out in order to determine the characteristics of welded joints necessary for calculations in the design and issuance of technological recommendations (area of ​​application of the technology, welding materials, heating, welding and heat treatment modes, guaranteed indicators of acceptance characteristics of a welded joint, control methods ).

The characteristics of welded joints, determined during research qualification, are selected depending on the type and purpose of the base metal and the following operating conditions for welded joints:

mechanical properties at normal (20 +/- 1 °C) and operating temperature, including tensile strength, yield strength, elongation and relative contraction of the weld metal, impact strength of the weld metal and weld heat-affected zones, tensile strength and angle bending of the welded joint;

long-term strength, ductility and creep;

cyclic strength;

critical temperature of brittleness of the weld metal and welding heat-affected zone;

stability of the properties of welded joints after thermal aging at operating temperature;

intensity of oxidation in the working environment;

absence of unacceptable defects;

resistance to intergranular corrosion (for welded joints of elements made of austenitic steels);

characteristics specific to the performed welded joints, established by the organization conducting their research qualification.

Based on the results of the research certification, the organization that conducted it should issue recommendations necessary for its practical application.

124. The production qualification of the welding technology is carried out before the start of its application in order to verify the compliance of the welded joints made according to it in specific production conditions with the requirements of these Rules and technological documentation. A production qualification must be carried out for each group of the same type of welded joints performed in this specialized organization.

125. Requirements for qualification of welding technology, testing, scope of qualified welding technology are established by STB ISO 15614-1-2009.

126. The production qualification of welding technology is carried out by an attestation commission established in an organization in accordance with a program developed by this organization and approved by the chairman of the commission.

The program should provide for non-destructive and destructive testing of welded joints, assessment of welding quality based on the results of control and execution of the final document based on the results of production certification.

127. To carry out production qualification of welding technology by the manufacturer based on production experience a preliminary instruction for welding technological processes is being developed in accordance with the requirements of STB ISO 15609-1-2009 "Technological instruction and qualification of technological processes for welding metallic materials. Instruction for the technological welding process. Part 1. Arc welding", approved by the resolution of the State Committee for Standardization of the Republic of Belarus dated July 14, 2009 N 35 "On approval, entry into force, amendment and cancellation of technical regulatory legal acts in the field of technical regulation and standardization".

128. With positive test results, the welding technology is recognized as having passed the production qualification, and the preliminary welding instruction is drawn up and approved in the form of a qualified instruction.

An appendix to the qualified instruction is a report on the qualification of the welding process.

129. The results of the production qualification of the welding technology must be agreed with Gospromnadzor, the validity period of the qualification results is established in accordance with clause 20.23 of the unified list of administrative procedures.

130. In the event of a deterioration in the properties or quality of welded joints in relation to the level established by the production qualification, the specialized organization that conducted it must suspend the use of welding technology, establish and eliminate the causes that caused their deterioration, and conduct a repeated production qualification, and if necessary - and research qualifications.

131. Any qualified welding technologies may be applied during the additional manufacturing, installation, repair, reconstruction of pressure equipment.

It is not allowed to use gas welding for parts made of austenitic steels and high-chromium steels of the martensitic and martensitic-ferritic class.

132. Welding of elements operating under excess pressure, as a rule, should be carried out at a positive ambient temperature. It is allowed to perform welding in conditions of negative temperature, subject to the requirements of technological documentation and the creation necessary conditions to protect the place of welding and the welder from the effects of wind and precipitation. At negative temperature ambient air, the metal in the area of ​​the welded joint must be dried and heated before welding, bringing the temperature to a positive value.

133. The need for and mode of preliminary and concomitant heating of the parts to be welded are determined by the welding technology and must be indicated in the design and process documentation. At a negative ambient temperature, heating is carried out in the same cases as with a positive one, while the heating temperature should be 50 °C higher.

134. After welding, the weld and adjacent areas must be cleaned of slag, metal spatter and other contaminants.

The internal flash in the joints of pipes made by resistance welding must be removed to ensure a given flow section.

135. Thermists, thermal operators at mobile thermal installations, thermists at installations with high-frequency currents (hereinafter - thermists) who have passed in organizations that implement educational program vocational training, retraining and advanced training in the professions of workers (employees) and having a commission for certification of welders.

Certification and annual re-certification of thermists is carried out in the commission for certification of welders.

136. Heat treatment is subject to pressure equipment, in the walls, welded joints of which after repair, installation (during rolling, stamping, welding) unacceptable residual stresses may appear, as well as pressure equipment, the strength and resistance to aggressive environment of which is achieved by heat treatment.

137. The type of heat treatment (tempering, normalization or quenching followed by tempering, austenitization) and its modes (heating rate, temperature and holding time, cooling conditions) are adopted in accordance with the design and technological documentation.

138. In the process of heat treatment in a furnace, the heating temperature at any point of the pressure equipment must not exceed the maximum and minimum temperature provided by the heat treatment mode. Heat treatment should be carried out in such a way that uniform heating of the metal products, their free thermal expansion and the absence of plastic deformations are ensured. The modes of heating, holding and cooling during heat treatment of products with a wall thickness of more than 20 mm at temperatures above 300 ° C must be recorded by self-recording devices.

139. The tempering of transverse welds of shells, collectors, pipelines and pipes of heating surfaces of boilers, as well as welds for welding fittings, support elements, fasteners and other parts to drums, collectors, pipelines and pipes of heating surfaces is allowed to be carried out by local heating with portable heating devices. During heat treatment of transverse (circular) welds, uniform heating must be ensured along the entire perimeter of the ring.

Sections of shells or pipelines located near the ring heated during heat treatment must be covered with insulation to ensure a smooth temperature change along the length.

140. Prior to heat treatment, subjecting welded joints to loads, performing any work with them, removing blocks from supports, tilting, and transporting is prohibited.

Before heat treatment, it is necessary to install temporary supports for pipelines located horizontally at a distance of no more than 1 m on both sides of the welded joint, and for pipelines located vertically, unload the welded joint from the weight of the pipeline by fixing it below the heat-treated joint. Temporary supports should be removed after the joint has completely cooled.

141. Heat treatment of pipe joints should be carried out before the cold fit of the pipeline, that is, before assembly and welding of the closing joint.

142. If, after heat treatment, the hardness of the metal of the welded joint does not correspond to the permissible values, the welded joint should be re-heat treated, but not more than three times.

CHAPTER 10

QUALITY CONTROL OF WELDED JOINTS

143. During installation (additional production), repair, reconstruction of pressure equipment, a quality control system for welded joints must be applied, which guarantees the detection of unacceptable defects, high quality and reliability of operation of this equipment and its components.

144. Control methods must be selected in accordance with the requirements of these Rules and specified in the technological documentation.

145. Quality control of welded joints must be carried out in the manner prescribed by the design and technological documentation.

146. Quality control of welded joints is carried out by the following methods:

visual inspection and measurements;

ultrasonic flaw detection;

radiography (X-ray, gammagraphy);

capillary and magnetic particle control;

steeloscopy or other spectral method that provides confirmation of the actual grade of the metal or the presence of alloying elements in it;

hardness measurement;

control mechanical properties, resistance test against intergranular corrosion, metallographic studies (destructive testing);

hydraulic tests;

acoustic emission;

radioscopy;

eddy current control;

determination of the content of the ferrite phase in the weld metal;

pneumatic tests, if hydraulic tests are not carried out according to the manufacturer's instructions;

running a metal ball (for elements of pipe heating surfaces of boilers in the case of welding for their assembly during installation or repair).

147. Acceptance quality control of welded joints should be carried out after all technological operations have been completed.

148. Visual and measurement control, as well as steeloscopy provided for by the technological documentation (or other spectral method that provides confirmation of the actual metal grade or the presence of alloying elements in it) must precede control by other methods.

149. The results for each type of control carried out and the places of control should be recorded in the reporting documentation (journals, forms, protocols, route passports).

150. Means of measurement and control used in the control of welded joints must undergo metrological control.

151. Each batch of materials for flaw detection (penetrants, powder, suspensions, radiographic film, chemical reagents) must be subjected to incoming control before they are used.

152. Methods and scope of control of welded joints of welded parts that do not work under internal pressure must be established by technological documentation.

153. The results of quality control of welded joints are recognized as positive if, in any prescribed type of control, no internal and surface defects are detected that go beyond allowable norms established by obligatory compliance with the requirements of TNLA.

CHAPTER 11

VISUAL INSPECTION AND MEASUREMENTS

154. All welded joints are subject to visual inspection and measurements in order to identify the following unacceptable defects:

cracks of all types and directions;

fistulas and porosity of the outer surface of the seam;

influxes, burns, unmelted craters;

deviations in geometric dimensions and relative position elements to be welded;

displacement and joint removal of the edges of the elements to be welded in excess of the prescribed standards;

non-compliance of the shape and dimensions of the seam with the requirements of technological documentation;

defects on the surface of the base metal and welded joints (dents, delaminations, shells, lack of penetration, pores, inclusions).

155. Before visual inspection of the surface of the weld and adjacent sections of the base metal with a width of at least 20 mm on both sides of the weld, they must be cleaned from slag and other contaminants.

Inspection and measurements of welded joints should be carried out from the outer and inner sides (if possible) along the entire length of the welds. If it is impossible to inspect and measure the welded joint from both sides, its control must be carried out in the manner prescribed by the project developer.

156. Surface defects revealed during visual inspection and measurements, must be corrected before testing by other non-destructive methods.

CHAPTER 12

ULTRASONIC DEFECTOSCOPY AND RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING

157. Ultrasonic flaw detection and radiographic control is carried out in order to identify internal defects in welded joints (cracks, lack of penetration, slag inclusions).

The control method (ultrasonic, radiographic, both methods in combination) is selected based on the possibility of providing the most complete and accurate detection of defects in a particular type of welded joints, taking into account the features physical properties metal and this method of control.

The scope of control for each specific type of pressure equipment is indicated in the design and process documentation.

158. Butt welded joints that have been subjected to repair overcooking (elimination of a weld defect) must be checked by ultrasonic flaw detection or radiographic control along the entire length of the repair sections.

Repair welds of metal samples should be checked by ultrasonic flaw detection or radiographic inspection throughout the welding area, including the welding heat-affected zone in the base metal, in addition, the surface of the area should be checked by magnetic particle or capillary flaw detection. When welding through the entire thickness of the wall, the surface inspection must be carried out on both sides, except in cases of inaccessibility inside for control.

159. If, during selective inspection of welded joints made by a welder, unacceptable defects are found, then all welded joints of the same type along the entire length made by this welder should be subjected to control.

160. Ultrasonic flaw detection and radiographic control of butt welded joints, in agreement with the developer of project documentation, can be replaced by other non-destructive testing methods that allow detecting internal defects in welded joints.

CHAPTER 13

CAPILLARY AND MAGNETIC POWDER TESTING. STYLESCOPE CONTROL. HARDNESS MEASUREMENT

161. Capillary and magnetic particle testing of welded joints are additional control methods established by technological documentation in order to determine surface or subsurface defects.

The class and level of sensitivity of capillary and magnetic particle testing must be established by the technological documentation.

162. Control by steeloscopy or other spectral method, providing confirmation of the actual grade of metal or the presence of alloying elements in it, is carried out in order to confirm the compliance of the alloying of the metal of welds and elements of equipment under pressure with the requirements of drawings, technological documentation.

163. Measurement of the hardness of the metal of a welded joint is carried out in order to check the quality of the heat treatment of welded joints. Hardness measurement is subject to the weld metal of welded joints made of alloyed heat-resistant steels of pearlitic and martensitic-ferritic classes, by methods and to the extent established by the technological documentation.

CHAPTER 14

MECHANICAL TESTS, METALLOGRAPHIC STUDIES, TESTS FOR RESISTANCE AGAINST INTERCRYSTAL CORROSION

164. Control butt welded joints should be subjected to mechanical tests in order to verify the compliance of their mechanical properties with the requirements of design and technological documentation. Mandatory types of mechanical tests are tests for static tension, static bending or flattening. For pressure vessels obligatory view test is also an impact test. Impact bending tests are carried out for vessels made of steels prone to hardening during welding, as well as for other vessels intended for operation at a pressure of more than 5 MPa or a temperature above 450 °C, for operation at a temperature below -20 °C.

Mechanical tests are carried out at:

certification of welding technology;

control of welded butt joints made by gas and resistance welding;

input control of welding consumables used in submerged arc welding and electroslag welding.

If unsatisfactory results are obtained for any type of mechanical testing, a second test is allowed on a double number of samples cut from the same control welded joints, according to the type of tests for which unsatisfactory results were obtained. If, during a repeated test, at least one of the samples results in properties that do not satisfy established standards, overall score this type of test is considered unsatisfactory.

165. The necessity, scope and procedure for mechanical testing of welded joints of cast and forged elements, pipes with cast parts, elements made of steels of various classes, as well as other single welded joints are established by design and technological documentation.

166. Metallographic studies are carried out in order to identify possible internal defects (cracks, lack of penetration, pores, slag and non-metallic inclusions), as well as areas with a metal structure that adversely affects the properties of welded joints.

Metallographic studies are carried out at:

certification of welding technology; control of welded butt joints made by gas and resistance welding, as well as parts made of steels of different structural classes (regardless of the welding method);

control of welded corner and tee joints, including joints of pipes (fittings) with shells, drums, collectors, pipelines, as well as tee joints;

control of the degree of graphitization of welded joints of equipment elements made of carbon steels and working under pressure with a working medium temperature of more than 350 °C.

Metallographic studies are allowed not to be carried out:

for welded joints of vessels and their elements made of austenitic steels, up to 20 mm thick;

for welded joints of boilers and pipelines made of pearlitic steel, subject to the control of these joints by ultrasonic flaw detection or radiographic control in the amount of 100%;

for welded joints of pipes of heating surfaces of boilers and pipelines, made by resistance welding on special machines for resistance butt welding with an automated work cycle during a shift-based check of the quality of the machine's adjustment by testing control samples.

167. Tests for resistance against intergranular corrosion for boilers, pipelines and their elements are carried out in cases provided for by technological documentation in order to confirm the corrosion resistance of welded joints of parts made of austenitic steels.

Testing of welded joints for resistance against intergranular corrosion should be carried out for vessels and their elements made of steels of austenitic, ferritic, austenitic-ferritic classes and two-layer steels with a corrosion-resistant layer of austenitic and ferritic steels. The shape, dimensions, number of samples, test methods and criteria for assessing the susceptibility of samples to intergranular corrosion must comply with the requirements of the design and technological documentation.

168. Mechanical tests, metallographic studies, tests for resistance to intergranular corrosion should be performed on samples made from control welded joints. The control welded joints must be identical to the controlled production ones (in terms of steel grades, sheet thickness or pipe dimensions, shape of the groove, welding method, welding materials, weld position in space, heating modes and temperature, heat treatment) and made by the same welder and on the same welding equipment simultaneously with a controlled production connection.

The control welded joint is subjected to 100% control by the same non-destructive control methods that are provided for production welded joints. In case of unsatisfactory results of the control, the control compounds should be made again in a double quantity. If unsatisfactory results are obtained during repeated non-destructive testing, then the overall result is considered unsatisfactory. In this case, the quality of materials, equipment and qualifications of the welder must be subjected to additional checks.

The dimensions of the control joints must be sufficient for cutting out of them. required number samples for all prescribed types of tests and studies, as well as for repeated tests and studies.

From each control butt weld, the following shall be cut:

two static tensile test specimens;

two test pieces for static bending or flattening;

three specimens for impact bending test;

one sample (section) for metallographic studies when inspecting welded joints made of carbon and low-alloy steel, and at least two - when inspecting welded joints made of high-alloy steel, if this is provided for by the technological documentation;

two test specimens for resistance to intergranular corrosion.

169. Tests for static bending of control joints of tubular elements with a nominal pipe diameter of less than 100 mm and a wall thickness of less than 12 mm can be replaced by tests for flattening.

CHAPTER 15

METAL BALL RUN CONTROL

170. Control by running a metal ball is carried out in order to check the completeness of burr removal or the absence of excessive strengthening of the seam from the inside and to ensure a given flow section in welded joints of pipes of heating surfaces.

171. Welded joints of heating surfaces should be subjected to control by running a metal ball in cases stipulated by the design documentation.

172. The diameter of the control ball must be regulated by the technical documentation

CHAPTER 16

HYDRAULIC (PNEUMATIC) TEST

173. Hydraulic test in order to check the density and strength of pressure equipment, as well as all welded and other joints, carry out:

after manufacturing, as well as installation (additional production) at the installation site of equipment transported to the installation site (additional production) in separate parts, elements or blocks;

after manufacturing, reconstruction, repair using welding of pressure elements;

during the technical examination and technical diagnostics in the cases established by these Rules.

Hydraulic testing of individual parts, elements or blocks of equipment at the place of installation (additional production) is not mandatory if they have passed a hydraulic test at their places of manufacture or have been subjected to 100% control by ultrasound or other equivalent non-destructive method of flaw detection.

It is allowed to conduct a hydraulic test of individual and prefabricated elements together with the equipment, if under the conditions of installation (additional production) it is impossible to test them separately from the equipment.

Hydraulic testing of equipment and its elements is carried out after all types of control, as well as after the elimination of detected defects.

174. Vessels with a protective coating or insulation are subjected to a hydraulic test before coating or insulation is applied.

Vessels with an outer casing are subjected to a hydraulic test before the casing is installed.

It is allowed to subject enamelled vessels to a hydraulic test with working pressure after enamelling.

175. The minimum value of the test pressure P pr during a hydraulic test for steam and hot water boilers, superheaters, economizers, as well as for pipelines within the boiler limit is taken:

at a working pressure of not more than 0.5 MPa - 1.5 working pressure, but not less than 0.2 MPa;

at working pressure over 0.5 MPa - 1.25 working pressure, but not less than working pressure plus 0.3 MPa.

When conducting a hydraulic test of drum boilers, as well as their superheaters and economizers, the pressure in the boiler drum is taken as the operating pressure when determining the value of the test pressure, and for boilers in which there is no drum, and once-through boilers with forced circulation, the feed water pressure at the boiler inlet set by the project documentation.

The maximum value of the test pressure is set by calculations for the strength of steam and hot water boilers.

The value of the test pressure (between the maximum and minimum) should ensure the greatest detection of defects in the boiler or its elements subjected to hydraulic testing.

176. The value of the test pressure P pr during hydraulic testing of metal vessels (with the exception of cast ones), as well as electric boilers, is determined by the formula

where P - design pressure in case of additional production at the place of operation, in other cases - working pressure, MPa;

Permissible stresses for the material of the vessel (electric boiler) or its elements, respectively, at 20 °C and design temperature, MPa.

The ratio of materials of assembly units (elements) of the vessel (electric boiler) operating under pressure is taken according to the used materials of the elements (shells, bottoms, flanges, nozzles) of the vessel, for which it is the smallest, with the exception of bolts (studs), as well as heat exchangers pipes of shell-and-tube heat exchangers.

The test pressure when testing a vessel calculated by zones should be determined taking into account the zone, the design pressure or design temperature of which is less important.

The test pressure for testing a vessel designed to operate in several modes with different design parameters (pressures and temperatures) should be taken equal to the maximum of certain values test pressures for each mode.

If, in order to ensure strength and tightness conditions during testing, it becomes necessary to increase the diameter, number or replacement of the material of bolts (studs) of flange connections, it is allowed to reduce the test pressure to the maximum value at which, during testing, the strength conditions of bolts (studs) are provided without increasing their diameter, quantity or replacement of material.

In the event that the vessel as a whole or individual parts of the vessel operate in the creep temperature range and the allowable stress for the materials of these parts at the design temperature is determined on the basis of the ultimate strength or creep limit, it is allowed in formulas (1), (7) to use the value of the allowable stress at the design temperature , obtained only on the basis of time-independent characteristics: yield strength and tensile strength without taking into account creep and long-term strength.

During hydraulic testing of thermal oil pipelines, the value of the test pressure P pr is determined by the formula (1).

177. The value of test pressure P pr during hydraulic testing of cast and forged vessels is determined by the formula

It is allowed to test castings after assembly and welding in an assembled unit or a finished vessel test pressure accepted for vessels, subject to 100% control of castings by non-destructive methods.

178. Hydraulic testing of vessels and parts made of non-metallic materials with an impact strength of more than 20 J / cm 2 must be carried out with a test pressure determined by the formula

1.6 - for non-metallic materials with an impact strength of 20 J / cm 2 or less.

181. Hydraulic testing of vessels installed vertically is allowed to be carried out in a horizontal position, in this case, the strength of the vessel body must be calculated taking into account the accepted method of support for hydraulic testing.

In combined vessels with two or more working cavities designed for different pressures, each cavity must be subjected to a hydraulic test with a test pressure determined depending on the design pressure of the cavity.

The procedure for testing such vessels must be established by the developer of the design technical documentation and specified in the vessel's operating manual.

182. The minimum value of test pressure during hydraulic testing of pipelines of steam and hot water, their blocks and individual elements should be 1.25 working pressure, but not less than 0.2 MPa. Fittings and fittings of pipelines must be subjected to a hydraulic test with test pressure in accordance with the technological documentation.

The maximum value of the test pressure is set by calculations for the strength of pipelines. The value of the test pressure (between the maximum and minimum) should ensure the greatest detection of defects in the pipeline or its elements subjected to hydraulic testing.

183. For hydraulic pressure testing of equipment, water should be used. The water temperature must not be lower than 5 °C and not higher than 40 °C, unless a different temperature value is specified in the technical documentation of the pressure equipment manufacturer.

During hydraulic testing of steam pipelines operating at a pressure of 10 MPa and above, the temperature of their walls must be at least 10 °C.

During hydraulic testing of steam and hot water boilers, the upper limit of water temperature can be increased in agreement with the design organization up to 80 °C.

The water used for hydraulic testing must not contaminate the equipment or cause severe corrosion.

184. The temperature difference between the metal and the surrounding air during a hydraulic test should not lead to moisture condensation on the surface of the equipment walls.

In technically substantiated cases provided by the manufacturer, it is allowed to use another liquid when conducting a hydraulic test during the operation of vessels.

185. When filling the equipment with water, air must be completely removed from it.

The pressure in the equipment under test should be raised smoothly and evenly. The total pressure rise time (up to the test value) must be indicated in the technological documentation. Water pressure during hydraulic testing should be controlled by at least two pressure gauges. Both pressure gauges choose the same type, measurement limit, the same accuracy classes (not lower than 1.5) and divisions.

186. The use of compressed air or other gas to pressurize equipment filled with water is not allowed.

The exposure time under test pressure for steam and hot water boilers, including electric boilers, steam and hot water pipelines, as well as vessels assembled at the installation site, is set by the manufacturer in the operating manual and must be at least 10 minutes.

During the initial technical examination, the holding time under test pressure of vessels of element-by-element block delivery, additionally manufactured during installation at the place of operation, must be at least:

30 - minutes with vessel wall thickness up to 50 mm;

60 - minutes with vessel wall thickness over 50 to 100 mm;

120 - minutes with vessel wall thickness over 100 mm.

The exposure time of thermal oil pipelines under test pressure during a hydraulic test must be at least 15 minutes.

If a thermal oil pipeline is tested in conjunction with a thermal oil boiler to which it is connected, the holding time is taken from the time required for the boiler.

187. After exposure under test pressure, the pressure is reduced to a value justified by the strength calculation, but not less than the operating pressure, at which visual inspection of the outer surface of the equipment and all its detachable and one-piece connections is carried out.

188. During a hydraulic test, pressure equipment is considered to have passed the test if it is not found:

visible residual deformations;

cracks or signs of rupture;

leaks in welded, flared, detachable, riveted joints and in the base metal;

pressure drop on the pressure gauge.

In detachable and flared connections of boilers, the appearance of individual drops is allowed, which do not increase in size during time delay.

189. After a hydraulic test, it is necessary to ensure the removal of water from the equipment under test.

The equipment and its elements, in which defects are revealed during the hydraulic test, after they are eliminated, are subjected to repeated hydraulic tests with test pressure.

190. Hydraulic testing of thermal oil pipelines with a pressure of not more than 10 MPa, as well as vessels, may be replaced by a pneumatic test (compressed air, inert gas or a mixture of air with inert gas), subject to simultaneous control by the acoustic emission method.

Test pressure at pneumatic test should be determined by the formula

where P is the working pressure.

If the probability of brittle fracture during a pneumatic test is greater than under operating conditions, and its consequences represent a significant danger, the test pressure must be reduced to a technically justified level, but not less than the operating pressure.

In technically justified cases provided by the manufacturer, when conducting pneumatic tests, during operation of the equipment, it is allowed to use the gaseous working medium of the test object as a loading medium, while the test pressure is determined by formula (7).

The holding time of the vessel (thermal oil pipeline) under test pressure during a pneumatic test must be at least 15 minutes and is indicated in the technological documentation (if there are no other instructions in the operation manual).

After exposure under test pressure, the pressure is reduced to a value justified by the strength calculation, but not less than the operating pressure, at which visual inspection of the outer surface and the tightness of welded and detachable joints are carried out.

CHAPTER 17

CORRECTION OF DEFECTS IN WELDED JOINTS

191. Inadmissible defects found in the process of manufacturing, installation, reconstruction, repair, testing must be eliminated with subsequent control of the corrected sections.

The technology for eliminating defects is established by the technological documentation. Deviations from the accepted defect correction technology must be agreed with its developer.

Methods and quality of elimination of defects must ensure the necessary reliability and safety of the equipment.

192. Removal of defects should be carried out mechanically with the provision smooth transitions at sampling sites. The maximum dimensions and shape of the samples to be brewed are established by the technological documentation.

It is allowed to use thermal cutting (gouging) methods to remove internal defects, followed by mechanical processing of the surface of the sample.

The completeness of defect removal should be checked visually and by non-destructive testing (capillary or magnetic particle flaw detection or etching).

193. Sampling of detected places of defects without subsequent welding is allowed provided that the minimum allowable wall thickness of the part in the place maximum depth sampling and confirmation by strength calculation.

194. If defects are found during the control of the corrected section, then a second correction must be carried out in the same order as the first one.

Correction of defects in the same section of the welded joint is allowed to be carried out no more than three times.

In the case of cutting out a defective welded joint of pipes and subsequent welding (insertion) in the form of a pipe segment, two newly made welded joints are not considered to be the correction of defects.

copies of a special permit (license) for the right to carry out activities in the field of industrial safety.

196. Quality control of repairs using welding and heat treatment must be confirmed by documentation based on the results of the work performed, including:

documents on the results of quality control of work (protocols, conclusions, reports and acts on the results of non-destructive, destructive testing and hydraulic or pneumatic tests);

repair drawings, diagrams, forms, tables containing information about the sequence, dates of work and critical operations;

certificates (or their copies) for materials used when replacing elements of pressure equipment;

certificates (or their copies) for electrodes used in welding;

certificate for welding control welded joints;

permissible deviations from the nominal dimensions.

197. Control over compliance with the requirements of technological documentation for repairs, repair working drawings should be carried out by the technical control unit of the organization performing work on the repair (reconstruction) of equipment.

198. Upon completion of the repair, reconstruction (modernization) of pressure equipment, the organization that performed these works must provide the owner of the equipment with information on the nature of the work performed and information on the materials used, attaching a set of repair documentation in accordance with paragraph 196 of these Rules, on the basis of which the responsible for good condition and safe operation equipment under pressure, the operating organization makes a record of the work performed in the passport and the equipment repair log.

CHAPTER 19

REQUIREMENTS FOR ADJUSTMENT OF EQUIPMENT UNDER PRESSURE

199. Start-up and adjustment works are carried out on equipment under pressure in cases stipulated by the operation manual after completion installation work and issued certificate of quality installation.

200. Prior to the start of commissioning, the operating organization has the right to notify Gospromnadzor, and after comprehensive testing, pressure equipment must be presented for inspection and obtaining a conclusion on the compliance of the construction facility with the approved design documentation, safety requirements and operational reliability (hereinafter referred to as the conclusion of Gospromnadzor), issued in accordance with paragraph 3.20 of the unified list of administrative procedures, official Gospromnadzor.

201. Adjustment of pressure equipment should be carried out by an adjustment organization with the participation of the personnel of the operating organization according to a program developed before the start of work by a specialized organization that performs the relevant work and agreed with the operating organization. The program should reflect the content and procedure for performing all technological and control operations with the provision of adjustment in all modes of operation.

202. When adjusting, a quality control system should be used to ensure that work is performed in accordance with these Rules and the program for adjusting.

203. The duration of the adjustment work is determined by the program for the adjustment work, depending on the complexity of the equipment.

204. During the period of adjustment work on equipment under pressure, the responsibility for the safety of its maintenance should be determined by the program of adjustment work.

With simultaneous adjustment work on pressure equipment by several adjustment organizations and (or) different types adjustment works, the owner of the hazardous production facility, the production facility must organize the coordination of the implementation of these works. Simultaneous commissioning, construction and installation and other work on pressure equipment is not allowed.

205. During adjustment work, the following is carried out:

flushing and purging of equipment and pipelines (in cases established by the project and the operating manual);

testing equipment under pressure, including standby equipment, adjusting the circulation of working media, checking the operation of shut-off valves and control devices in manual mode;

checking measuring instruments, setting up and checking the operability of automation systems, alarm systems, protections, interlocks, control, as well as adjusting safety valves;

development and stabilization of the technological regime, analysis of qualitative indicators of the technological regime;

output of the technological process to a stable mode of operation with a capacity corresponding to the design requirements.

For boilers, the combustion mode is additionally adjusted and the water-chemical mode is adjusted.

206. Equipment under pressure, in cases provided for by the operation manual, after commissioning and during operation, it is necessary to carry out mode and adjustment tests.

207. It is not allowed after putting pressure equipment into operation to make arbitrary replacement or re-equipment of its elements, complete or partial removal of safety devices, safety devices, control measuring instruments.

208. When adjusting equipment under pressure with the use of hazardous substances or in explosive zones, the program must specify safety measures, as well as provide for preliminary testing of the stages of the technological process in inert media, followed by adjustment in working media.

209. Upon completion of the adjustment work, the adjustment organization with the participation of the personnel of the operating organization conducts a comprehensive testing of equipment under pressure, as well as auxiliary equipment at rated load. For boilers, comprehensive testing is carried out within 72 hours.

The end of the complex testing is documented by an act. The act must be accompanied by a technical report on the adjustment work with tables and instructions, regime maps, graphs and other materials reflecting the established and actually received data on setting up and adjusting devices, descriptions and drawings of all changes (circuit, structural) that have been made to setup stages.

210. If there are no specific requirements in the operating manual for boilers regarding the timing of performance and adjustment tests of boilers in operation, performance and adjustment tests should be carried out periodically, at least 1 time:

at 3 years - when boilers of all types operate on gaseous fuels;

at 5 years old - when operating boilers of all types on liquid fuel, waste heat boilers, electric boilers.

Operational and adjustment tests during the operation of solid fuel boilers (with its constant characteristic) are carried out at intervals established by the operating organization.

PROCEDURE FOR ACCEPTANCE INTO OPERATION AND COMMISSIONING (APPROVAL) INTO OPERATION OF EQUIPMENT UNDER PRESSURE

211. Acceptance for operation of HIFs completed by installation and construction, which use equipment under pressure, is carried out in accordance with the Regulations on the procedure for accepting construction objects into operation, approved by Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus of June 6, 2011 N 716 (National Register of Legal Acts Republic of Belarus, 2011, N 66, 5/33914), (hereinafter referred to as the Regulation on the procedure for commissioning construction projects).

212. The customer of construction, the developer or an organization authorized by them, before the start of the work of the acceptance committee, in order to obtain the conclusion of Gospromnadzor, submits to Gospromnadzor Required documents, in accordance with paragraph 3.20 of the unified list of administrative procedures.

The date of acceptance into operation of the construction object is the date of approval of the act of acceptance of the object into operation.

213. For commissioning (permission) of equipment under pressure, the following works are sequentially performed:

technical examination of the boiler (vessel, pipeline);

registration of the boiler (vessel, pipeline) in the structural subdivision of Gospromnadzor, which supervises the operation of pressure equipment, in accordance with subparagraph 20.18.1 of paragraph 20.18 of the unified list of administrative procedures;

carrying out commissioning works in cases stipulated by the operation manual;

obtaining a positive conclusion from Gospromnadzor on the compliance of the construction facility supervised by Gospromnadzor with the approved design documentation, safety and operational reliability requirements in accordance with paragraph 3.20 of the unified list of administrative procedures;

commissioning (permission) of pressure equipment.

214. In order to assess the compliance of the construction facility, supervised by Gospromnadzor, with the approved design documentation, safety and operational reliability requirements and obtain, in accordance with paragraph 3.20 of the unified list of administrative procedures, a positive expert opinion Gospromnadzor, during the examination, the following is also checked:

operability of all devices, including backup ones;

operability of measuring devices;

completeness and correctness of the settings of safety automation systems, alarms and regulation;

setting of safety valves;

compliance of equipment modes with regime maps drawn up based on the results of commissioning;

availability and serviceability of control measuring instruments and safety devices;

the serviceability of the boiler feeding devices and their compliance with the design and requirements of these Rules;

compliance of the water-chemical regime of the boiler with the requirements of these Rules;

correct connection of pressure equipment to pipelines in accordance with the design documentation;

the availability of service personnel and specialists who have undergone training, knowledge testing, briefing in accordance with the requirements of these Rules;

availability of operating instructions for personnel, shift and repair magazines and other documentation provided for by these Rules;

compliance of the premises (sites) with the project and the requirements of these Rules;

availability of job descriptions for persons responsible for the good condition and safe operation of boilers (vessels, pipelines).

215. Putting into operation of equipment under pressure is carried out when the technological scheme of the HIF, HL is ready for operation.

216. Commissioning (admission) of pressure equipment is carried out on the basis of a written order (instruction) of the management of the operating organization (structural unit), signed after all procedures have been completed in accordance with paragraph 212 of these Rules.

217. Commissioning (permission) for operation of pressure equipment is documented by an entry in the passport of pressure equipment by a person responsible for the good condition and safe operation of pressure equipment.

218. Each boiler (vessel, pipeline) put into operation must be affixed with a plate measuring at least 300 x 200 mm.

Each pipeline must have at least three plates, which must be installed at the ends and in the middle of the pipeline. If the same pipeline is located in several rooms, the plate must be on the pipeline in each room.

220. Registration of a boiler (vessel, pipeline) is carried out in accordance with subparagraph 20.18.1 of paragraph 20.18 of the unified list of administrative procedures.

Registration of boiler houses in which steam boilers with a steam pressure of not more than 0.07 MPa and hot water boilers with a water heating temperature of not more than 115 ° C are installed is carried out in accordance with subparagraph 20.18.3 of paragraph 20.18 of the unified list of administrative procedures and paragraph 335 of the Rules for the Design and Safety operation of steam boilers with a steam pressure of not more than 0.07 MPa (0.7 bar) and hot water boilers with a water heating temperature of not more than 115 ° C, approved by the Decree of the Ministry for Emergency Situations of the Republic of Belarus of December 31, 2013 N 79 (National Legal Internet portal of the Republic of Belarus, 01.02.2014, 8/28266).

CHAPTER 22

PRESSURE EQUIPMENT REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS

221. The pressure equipment listed in paragraph 3 of these Rules, with the exception of pressure equipment specified in paragraph 222 of these Rules, is subject to registration before being put into operation.

222. The following pressure equipment is not subject to registration with Gospromnadzor:

vessels operating with a medium assigned to group 1 in accordance with TR TS 032/2013, at a wall temperature not exceeding 200 ° C, in which the product of pressure in MPa and capacity in m 3 does not exceed 0.05, as well as vessels operating with a medium assigned to group 2 in accordance with TR TS 032/2013, at the above temperature, in which the product of pressure in MPa and capacity in m 3 does not exceed 1.0;

devices for air separation plants and gas separation located inside the heat-insulating casing (regenerators, columns, heat exchangers, condensers, adsorbers, separators, evaporators, filters, subcoolers and heaters);

tanks of air and electrogas electric switches;

barrels for the transportation of liquefied gases, cylinders with a capacity of up to 100 liters inclusive, installed permanently, and also intended for the transportation and (or) storage of compressed, liquefied and dissolved gases;

generators (reactors) for producing hydrogen used by the hydrometeorological service;

non-switchable vessels (air collectors), structurally built-in (installed on the same foundation or frame) with a compressor;

vessels included in the closed oil and gas production system (from the well to the main pipeline), which include vessels included in the technological process of preparation for transportation and utilization of gas and gas condensate: separators of all separation stages, fender separators (on the gas line, on flares), absorbers and adsorbers, degassing tanks for condensate, absorbent and inhibitor, condensate collectors, control and measuring vessels for oil, gas and condensate;

Where ts- temperature of steam, water (liquid) at operating pressure, °C; V- boiler capacity, m 3;

218. Organization, individual entrepreneur operating the pressure equipment (operating organization) must ensure that the pressure equipment is maintained in good condition and safe operating conditions.

For these purposes it is necessary:

a) comply with the law Russian Federation in the field of industrial safety HIF, other federal laws, as well as these FNP and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation in the field of industrial safety;

b) appoint by order from among the specialists who have passed certification in the field of industrial safety in accordance with paragraph 224 of these FNR, responsible (responsible) for the implementation production control for the safe operation of pressure equipment, as well as those responsible for the good condition and safe operation of pressure equipment. The person responsible for the implementation of production control over the safe operation of pressure equipment cannot combine the duties of the person responsible for the good condition and safe operation of pressure equipment;

c) appoint the required number of persons serving the equipment of personnel (workers) not younger than eighteen years of age, satisfying qualification requirements who has no medical contraindications to the specified work and is admitted in the prescribed manner to independent work;

d) establish such a procedure that the workers who are entrusted with the maintenance of pressure equipment maintain it in good condition and monitor the pressure equipment assigned to them by inspecting it, checking the operation of valves, instrumentation, safety and blocking devices , signaling and protection means, recording the results of inspection and verification in a removable journal;

e) approve the list of regulatory documents used in the operating organization to ensure industrial safety requirements established by the legislation of the Russian Federation and these FNR;

f) develop and approve instructions for the person responsible for the production control over the safe operation of pressure equipment and responsible for its good condition and safe operation, as well as the production instruction for workers servicing the equipment, developed on the basis of the manual (instruction) for the operation of a particular type of equipment , taking into account the features of the technological process established by the design and technological documentation;

g) provide workers operating pressure equipment with production instructions that define their duties, the procedure for the safe performance of work and responsibility. Production instructions for personnel should be issued against receipt before they are allowed to work;

h) ensure the procedure and frequency of certification in the field of industrial safety of specialists associated with the operation of equipment under pressure, as well as testing the knowledge of workers in the scope of production instructions and their admission to work. For these purposes, appoint an attestation commission from among the managers and chief specialists certified by the Rostechnadzor commission in the manner prescribed by the attestation regulation. The commission for testing the knowledge of workers includes specialists responsible for the good condition and safe operation, who have been certified by the certification commission of the operating organization;

i) ensure the performance of works on technical examination, diagnostics, maintenance and scheduled preventive maintenance of pressure equipment in accordance with the requirements of these FNR and the work system adopted by the operating organization;

j) comply with the manufacturer's requirements established by the operating manual (instruction), do not allow the operation of faulty (inoperable) equipment under pressure that does not meet industrial safety requirements, in which defects (damage) have been identified that affect the safety of its operation, valves are faulty, control and measuring instruments, safety and blocking devices, signaling and protection means, and also if the period of operation exceeded the service life declared by the manufacturer (period of safe operation) specified in the equipment certificate, without technical diagnostics;

k) monitor the condition of the metal during the operation of pressure equipment in accordance with the requirements of the operating manual (instruction) and these FNR;

l) upon detection of violations of industrial safety requirements, take measures to eliminate them and further prevent them;

m) ensure that the industrial safety expertise of the equipment is carried out at the end of its service life and in other cases provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of industrial safety;

o) ensure inspection, maintenance, inspection, repair and examination of industrial safety of buildings and structures intended for the implementation of technological processes using equipment under pressure, in accordance with the requirements technical regulations, other federal norms and rules in the field of industrial safety.

The number and date of the order on the appointment of a person responsible for the good condition and safe operation of the equipment must be recorded in the equipment passport.

219. Carrying out scheduled preventive repairs, to ensure the maintenance of pressure equipment in good (operating) condition and to prevent the risk of accidents, the operating organization shall carry out by means of its own divisions and (or) with the involvement of specialized organizations. The volume and frequency of work on the repair and maintenance of pressure equipment and its elements is determined by the schedule approved by technical manager the operating organization, taking into account the requirements specified in the operating manuals (instructions), as well as information on the current state of the equipment obtained from the results of technical surveys (diagnosis) and operational control during the operation of equipment under pressure.

220. The operating organization carrying out work on the repair, reconstruction (modernization) and adjustment of the equipment in operation must include a specialized division (divisions) that meets the relevant requirements specified in Section III of these FNR.

221. Workers directly involved in the operation of pressure equipment should:

a) undergo certification (specialists) in industrial safety in accordance with the established procedure, including testing knowledge of the requirements of these FNR (depending on the type of specific equipment for which they are allowed to operate), and not violate industrial safety requirements in the course of work;

b) meet the qualification requirements (workers) and have a certificate issued in accordance with the established procedure for the right to work independently in the relevant types of activity and not violate the requirements of production instructions;

c) know the performance criteria of the pressure equipment in operation, monitor compliance with the technological process and suspend the operation of the equipment in the event of a threat of an emergency, informing his/her immediate supervisor about this;

d) upon detection of damage to the pressure equipment, which can lead to an emergency or indicate an inoperable state of the equipment, do not start work until the pressure equipment is brought into working condition;

e) do not start work or stop working in conditions that do not ensure the safe operation of pressure equipment, and in cases where deviations from the technological process and an unacceptable increase (decrease) in the parameters of pressure equipment operation are detected;

f) act in accordance with the requirements established by the instructions in cases of accidents and incidents during the operation of pressure equipment.

222. The number of responsible persons specified in subparagraph "b" of paragraph 218 of these FNR, and (or) the number of production control service and its structure must be determined by the operating organization, taking into account the type of equipment, its quantity, operating conditions and the requirements of operational documentation, based on calculation of the time required for the timely and high-quality performance of the duties assigned to responsible persons by job descriptions and administrative documents of the operating organization.

The operating organization must create conditions for the responsible specialists to fulfill their duties.

223. Responsibility for the good condition and safe operation of pressure equipment should be assigned to specialists with technical professional education to which specialists and workers providing maintenance and repair of this equipment are directly subordinate, for which, taking into account the structure of the operating organization, specialists responsible for the good condition of pressure equipment and specialists responsible for its safe operation can be appointed.

For holidays, business trips, illness or other absences responsible specialists the fulfillment of their duties is entrusted by order to employees replacing them in their position, having the appropriate qualifications, who have passed industrial safety certification in the prescribed manner.

224. Certification of specialists responsible for the good condition and safe operation of pressure equipment, as well as other specialists whose activities are related to the operation of pressure equipment, is carried out in the certification commission of the operating organization in accordance with the regulation on certification, while participation in the work of this commission a representative of the territorial body of Rostekhnadzor is not required. Periodic certification of responsible specialists is carried out once every five years.

The certification commission of the operating organization must include a specialist responsible for the production control over the safe operation of pressure equipment, certified in accordance with the regulation on certification.

225. The specialist responsible for the implementation of production control over the safe operation of pressure equipment must:

a) inspect equipment under pressure and check compliance with the established modes during its operation;

b) exercise control over the preparation and timely presentation of pressure equipment for examination and keep records of pressure equipment and records of its surveys in paper or electronic form;

c) exercise control over compliance with the requirements of these FNR and the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of industrial safety during the operation of pressure equipment, if violations of industrial safety requirements are detected, issue mandatory instructions to eliminate violations and monitor their implementation, as well as the implementation of instructions issued by a representative of Rostekhnadzor and other authorized bodies;

d) monitor the timeliness and completeness of the repair (reconstruction), as well as compliance with the requirements of these FNR during repair work;

e) check compliance with the established procedure for the admission of workers, as well as the issuance of production instructions to them;

f) check the correctness of maintaining technical documentation during the operation and repair of pressure equipment;

g) participate in surveys and surveys of pressure equipment;

h) demand suspension from work and an extraordinary examination of knowledge for employees who violate industrial safety requirements;

i) supervise the conduct of emergency drills;

j) comply with other requirements of the documents defining his job responsibilities.

226. The specialist responsible for the good condition and safe operation of pressure equipment must:

a) ensure the maintenance of pressure equipment in good (operable) condition, the maintenance of production instructions by maintenance personnel, timely repairs and preparation of equipment for technical examination and diagnostics;

b) inspect equipment under pressure with the established job description periodicity;

c) check entries in a shift journal with a signature in it;

d) store passports of pressure equipment and manuals (instructions) of manufacturers for installation and operation, unless a different procedure for storing documentation is established by the administrative documents of the operating organization;

e) participate in inspections and technical examinations of pressure equipment;

f) conduct emergency drills with service personnel;

g) timely comply with the instructions to eliminate the identified violations;

h) keep records of the operating time of loading cycles of equipment under pressure, operated in a cyclic mode;

i) comply with other requirements of the documents defining his official duties.

227. Vocational training and final certification of workers with the assignment of qualifications should be carried out in educational organizations, as well as at courses specially created by operating organizations in accordance with the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of education. The procedure for testing knowledge on safe methods performance of work and admission to independent work is determined by the administrative documents of the operating organization.

228. Periodic testing of the knowledge of personnel (workers) servicing equipment under pressure should be carried out once every 12 months. An extraordinary knowledge test is carried out:

a) upon transfer to another organization;

b) when replacing, reconstructing (modernizing) equipment, as well as making changes to the technological process and instructions;

c) in the case of transferring workers to service boilers of another type, as well as when transferring the boiler they serve to burning another type of fuel.

The commission for checking the knowledge of workers is appointed by order of the operating organization, participation in its work of a representative of Rostekhnadzor is optional.

The results of testing the knowledge of the service personnel (workers) are drawn up in a protocol signed by the chairman and members of the commission with a mark in the certificate of admission to independent work.

229. Before the initial admission to independent work after vocational training, before admission to independent work after an extraordinary test of knowledge provided for in clause 228 of these FNR, as well as during a break in work in the specialty for more than 12 months, the service personnel (workers) after testing the knowledge must pass internship for the acquisition (recovery) of practical skills. The internship program is approved by the management of the operating organization. The duration of the internship is determined depending on the complexity of the process and pressure equipment.

The admission of personnel to independent maintenance of pressure equipment must be issued by an order (instruction) for the workshop or organization.

Requirements for the operation of boilers

230. The boiler room must have a clock and a telephone for communication with consumers of steam and hot water, as well as with the technical services and administration of the operating organization. During the operation of waste heat boilers, in addition, a telephone connection must be established between the control panels of waste heat boilers and heat sources.

231. Persons who are not related to the operation of boilers and pressure equipment should not be allowed into buildings and premises in which boilers are operated. In necessary cases, unauthorized persons may be admitted to these buildings and premises only with the permission of the operating organization and accompanied by its representative.

232. It is forbidden to entrust specialists and workers on duty to maintain boilers to perform any other work during the operation of the boiler that is not provided for in the production instruction for the operation of the boiler and technological auxiliary equipment.

233. It is forbidden to leave the boiler without constant supervision by the service personnel both during the operation of the boiler and after it has been stopped until the pressure in it drops to a value equal to atmospheric pressure.

It is allowed to operate boilers without constant monitoring of their work by the maintenance personnel in the presence of automation, alarms and protections that provide:

a) maintaining the project mode of operation;

b) liquidation of emergency situations;

c) stopping the boiler in case of violations of the operating mode, which can cause damage to the boiler.

234. Areas of elements of boilers and pipelines with an elevated surface temperature, with which direct contact of maintenance personnel is possible, must be covered with thermal insulation, providing an outer surface temperature of not more than 55 ° C at a temperature environment no more than 25°С.

235. When operating boilers with cast-iron economizers, it is necessary to ensure that the temperature of the water at the outlet of the cast-iron economizer is at least 20°C lower than the saturated steam temperature in the steam boiler or the vaporization temperature at the existing operating water pressure in the boiler.

236. When burning fuel in boilers, the following must be ensured:

a) uniform filling of the firebox with a torch without throwing it on the walls;

b) exclusion of the formation of stagnant and poorly ventilated zones in the volume of the furnace;

c) stable combustion of fuel without separation and flashover of the flame in a given range of operating modes;

d) exclusion of drops of liquid fuel falling on the floor and walls of the furnace, as well as the separation of coal dust (unless special measures are provided for its afterburning in the volume of the furnace). When burning liquid fuels, it is necessary to install pallets with sand under the nozzles to prevent fuel from falling on the floor of the boiler room.

Heating oil or natural gas must be used as starting fuel for kindling devices of pulverized coal burners.

It is allowed to use other types of liquid fuels with a flash point of at least 61°C.

The use of flammable fuels as kindling is not allowed.

237. During operation, it is necessary to monitor the uniform distribution of the load and control the condition of the elements of the suspension system, as well as to ensure the adjustment of the tension of the suspensions after installation and during the operation of the boiler in the manner prescribed by the operating manual (instruction).

238. The selection of the medium from the branch pipe or pipeline connecting the safety device with the protected element is not allowed.

239. The installation of shut-off devices on the steam supply to the valves and on the pipelines between the pulse and main valves of the pulse safety devices is prohibited.

240. Water level indicators of direct action, installed vertically or with an inclination forward at an angle of not more than 30 °, must be located and illuminated so that the water level is clearly visible from the workplace of the personnel servicing the boilers.

To protect personnel from destruction of transparent plates on boilers with a pressure of more than 4 MPa, it is necessary to control the presence and integrity of the protective cover on direct-acting water level indicators.

241. If the distance from the site from which the water level in the steam boiler is monitored to direct-acting water level indicators is more than 6 m, and also in cases of poor visibility of the instruments, two lowered remote level indicators should be installed. In this case, it is allowed to use one direct-acting water level indicator on the boiler drums.

Reduced remote level gauges must be connected to the boiler drum on separate fittings, regardless of other water level gauges and have damping devices.

For waste heat boilers and power-technological boilers, readings of remote level indicators must be displayed on the boiler control panel.

242. If the design of the boiler (in justified cases) instead of direct action level indicators (with water-indicating glass) provides for level indicators of a different design (magnetic level indicator) or their installation was carried out during the reconstruction (modernization) of the boiler, then instructions must be included in the production instruction, provided for by the manual (instruction) for the operation of the boiler or project documentation for reconstruction (modernization), according to the procedure for servicing the installed level indicator and taking its readings, taking into account corrections for the error of its readings.

243. The pressure gauge scale is chosen based on the condition that at operating pressure the pressure gauge needle should be in the second third of the scale.

The scale of the manometer must be marked with a red line at the division level corresponding to the working pressure for given element taking into account the additional pressure from the weight of the liquid column.

Instead of a red line, it is allowed to attach a plate made of metal (or other material of appropriate strength), painted red and tightly adjacent to the glass of the pressure gauge, to the pressure gauge body.

The pressure gauge must be installed so that its readings are clearly visible. service personnel, while its scale should be located vertically or tilted forward up to 30 ° to improve the visibility of the readings.

The nominal diameter of manometers installed at a height of up to 2 m from the level of the manometer observation platform must be at least 100 mm; installed at a height of 2 to 5 m - not less than 160 mm; installed at a height of more than 5 m - not less than 250 mm. When installing a pressure gauge at a height of more than 5 m, a reduced pressure gauge must be installed as a backup.

244. A three-way valve or other similar device must be installed in front of each pressure gauge for purging, checking and shutting off the pressure gauge; in front of the manometer intended for measuring steam pressure, in addition, there must be a siphon tube with a nominal diameter of at least 10 mm.

On boilers with a pressure of 4 MPa and above, valves must be installed that allow you to disconnect the pressure gauge from the boiler, ensure its communication with the atmosphere and purge the siphon tube.

245. When operating boilers, the following must be ensured:

a) reliability and safety of operation of all main and auxiliary equipment;

b) the possibility of achieving the nominal steam output of boilers, parameters and quality of steam and water;

c) the mode of operation established on the basis of commissioning and operational tests and the manual (instruction) for operation;

d) load regulation range determined for each type of boiler and type of fuel burned;

e) change in the steam output of boilers within the control range under the influence of automation devices;

e) minimum allowable loads.

246. Newly commissioned steam boilers with a pressure of 10 MPa and above after installation must be subjected to cleaning together with the main pipelines and other elements of the water-steam path. The cleaning method is indicated in the operating manual (instructions). Boilers with a pressure below 10 MPa and hot water boilers must be alkalized or otherwise cleaned in accordance with the instructions in the operating manual (instruction) before commissioning.

247. Before starting the boiler after repair, the serviceability and readiness to turn on the main and auxiliary equipment, instrumentation, remote and automatic control devices, technological protection devices, interlocks, information and operational communications should be checked. The malfunctions revealed at the same time must be eliminated before start-up.

Before starting the boiler after being in reserve for more than three days, the following must be checked:

a) operability of equipment, instrumentation, remote and automatic control devices, technological protection devices, interlocks, information and communication tools;

b) passing of technological protection commands to all actuating devices;

c) serviceability and readiness to turn on those devices and equipment on which repairs were carried out during the downtime.

The malfunctions revealed at the same time must be eliminated before the boiler is started.

In the event of a malfunction of the safety interlocks and protection devices that act to stop the boiler, its start-up is not allowed.

248. Starting and stopping the boiler can only be carried out at the direction of a specialist responsible for the good condition and safe operation, with a corresponding entry about this in the operational log in the manner prescribed by production instructions and regime cards. All personnel associated with the operation of the boiler being started are notified of the start-up time.

249. Before kindling, the drum boiler must be filled with chemically purified and deaerated feed water, while the quality of the water must comply with the requirements of these FNP and the operating manual (instruction).

In the absence of a deaeration plant in the boiler room, it is allowed to fill cast-iron boilers with chemically purified water.

The once-through boiler must be filled with feed water, the quality of which must comply with the operating instructions, depending on the feed water treatment scheme.

250. Filling of an uncooled drum boiler is permitted at a metal temperature of the top of the empty drum not higher than 160°C.

251. Filling a once-through boiler with water, removing air from it, as well as operations during flushing of impurities must be carried out in the area up to the valves built into the boiler duct in the separator firing mode or along the entire tract in the direct-flow firing mode.

The starting water flow must be equal to 30% of the nominal flow. Another value of the ignition flow can only be determined by the manufacturer's operating manual (instruction) or by the operating instructions adjusted on the basis of test results.

252. The consumption of network water before kindling a hot water boiler must be established and maintained in further operation not lower than the minimum allowable, determined by the manufacturer for each type of boiler.

253. When kindling once-through boilers of block installations, the pressure in front of the valves built into the boiler duct must be maintained at the level of 12-13 MPa for boilers with an operating pressure of 14 MPa and 24-25 MPa for boilers for supercritical pressure.

Changes to these values ​​or sliding pressure fire-up are permitted by agreement with the manufacturer on the basis of special tests.

254. Before kindling and after stopping the boiler, the furnace and gas ducts, including recirculation ones, must be ventilated with smoke exhausters, draft fans and recirculation smoke exhausters with open dampers of the gas-air path for at least 10 minutes with an air flow rate of at least 25% of the nominal, unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer or adjustment organization.

Ventilation of pressurized boilers, hot water boilers in the absence of smoke exhausters must be carried out by blow fans and recirculation smoke exhausters.

Before kindling the boilers from an uncooled state, with the remaining excess pressure in the steam-water path, ventilation should begin no earlier than 15 minutes before the burners are ignited.

255. Before firing up a gas-fired boiler, the tightness of the closure of the shut-off valves in front of the burners must be checked in accordance with the regulations in force.

If there are signs of gas pollution in the boiler room, switching on electrical equipment, kindling the boiler, as well as using open fire is not allowed.

256. When kindling boilers, a smoke exhauster and a blower fan must be turned on, and when kindling boilers, the operation of which is designed without smoke exhausters, a blower fan.

257. From the moment the boiler is kindled, control over the level of water in the drum must be organized.

Purge of the upper water-indicating devices should be carried out:

a) for boilers with a pressure of 4 MPa and below - at an excess pressure in the boiler of 0.1 MPa and before being included in the main steam pipeline;

b) for boilers with a pressure above 4 MPa - at an excess pressure in the boiler of 0.3 MPa and at a pressure of 1.5-3.0 MPa.

Reduced water level indicators must be checked with water-indicating devices during the kindling process (subject to amendments).

258. The kindling of the boiler from various thermal states must be carried out in accordance with the start-up schedules drawn up on the basis of the manufacturer's operating manual (instruction) and the results of tests of starting modes.

259. In the process of kindling the boiler from a cold state after repair, but at least once a year, the thermal movement of screens, drums, steam pipelines and collectors should be checked against benchmarks.

260. If, prior to the start-up of the boiler, work was carried out on it related to the dismantling of flange connections and hatches, then at an excess pressure of 0.3-0.5 MPa, bolted connections must be tightened.

Tightening of bolted connections with higher pressure is not allowed.

261. When kindling and stopping boilers, control over the temperature regime of the drum should be organized. The rate of heating and cooling of the lower generatrix of the drum and the temperature difference between the upper and lower generatrix of the drum must not exceed the values ​​established by the manual (instruction) for operation.

For boilers with pressures above 10 MPa, the above parameters must not exceed the following allowable values:

a) heating rate during boiler kindling, °С/10 min - 30;

b) cooling rate when the boiler is stopped, °C/10 min - 20;

c) temperature difference during boiler kindling, °С - 60;

d) temperature difference during boiler shutdown, °С - 80.

On all types of boilers, accelerated cooldown is not allowed.

262. The inclusion of the boiler in the common steam pipeline must be made after draining and warming up the connecting steam pipeline. The steam pressure behind the boiler when switched on must be equal to the pressure in the common steam pipeline.

263. Switching to the combustion of solid fuel (starting to supply dust to the furnace) on boilers operating on fuel with a volatile yield of less than 15% is permitted if the heat load of the furnace on pilot fuel is not lower than 30% of the nominal value. When operating on fuels with a volatile yield of more than 15%, it is allowed to supply dust at a lower thermal load, which must be established by the production instructions, based on ensuring stable dust ignition.

When starting the boiler after a short-term downtime (up to 30 minutes), it is allowed to switch to burning solid fuel with a volatile yield of less than 15% at a furnace heat load of at least 15% of the nominal value.

264. The mode of operation of the boiler must strictly comply with the mode map drawn up on the basis of equipment testing and operating instructions. In case of reconstruction (modernization) of the boiler and change of brand and quality of fuel, commissioning or regime adjustment should be carried out with the preparation of a report and a new regime map.

265. During operation of the boiler, thermal regimes must be observed to ensure the maintenance allowable temperatures steam in each stage and each stream of the primary and intermediate superheaters.

266. When the boiler is operating, the upper limit level of water in the drum must not be higher, and the lower limit level not lower than the levels established on the basis of the data of the manual (instruction) for the operation and testing of the equipment.

267. The heating surfaces of boiler installations on the gas side must be kept in an operationally clean condition by maintaining optimal modes and using mechanized integrated cleaning systems (steam, air or water apparatus, pulse cleaning devices, vibration cleaning, shot cleaning). The devices intended for this, as well as the means of remote and automatic control of them, must be in constant readiness for action.

The frequency of cleaning of heating surfaces should be regulated by a schedule or manual (instruction) for operation.

268. When operating boilers, all working draft machines must be switched on. Long work when turning off part of the draft machines (if it is established in the operation manual (instruction) and regime map), it is allowed provided that a uniform gas-air and thermal regime is ensured on the sides of the boiler. At the same time, the uniform distribution of air between the burners must be ensured and the overflow of air (gas) through the stopped fan (exhaust fan) must be excluded.

269. On steam boilers burning fuel oil with a sulfur content of more than 0.5% as the main fuel, in the control range of loads, its combustion should be carried out at excess air coefficients at the outlet of the furnace less than 1.03, unless otherwise established by the production instruction. At the same time, it is necessary to fulfill the established set of measures to transfer boilers to this mode (fuel preparation, the use of appropriate designs of burners and nozzles, sealing the furnace, equipping the boiler with additional control devices and means of automating the combustion process).

270. Oil nozzles should be tested on a water stand before being installed in the workplace in order to check their performance, spray quality and flame opening angle. The difference in the nominal output of individual nozzles in a set installed on an oil-fired boiler should not exceed 1.5%. Each boiler must be provided with a spare set of nozzles.

The operation of fuel oil nozzles without an organized air supply to them, as well as the use of non-calibrated nozzles, is not allowed.

During the operation of nozzles and steam oil pipelines of the boiler house, conditions must be met that exclude the ingress of fuel oil into the steam pipeline.

271. The lining of boilers must be in good condition, have no visible damage (cracks, deformations), ensure the density of the furnace and the temperature on the surface of the lining, not exceeding the value established by the designer of the boiler project and specified by the manufacturer in the operating manual (instruction).

272. The furnace and the entire gas path of the boilers must be tight. Air suction into the furnace and into the gas path before leaving the superheater for steam oil-fired boilers with a steam output of up to 420 t/h should be no more than 5%, for boilers with a steam output above 420 t/h - 3%, for pulverized coal boilers - 8 and 5%, respectively .

Furnaces and flues with all-welded screens must be suction-free.

Suction in the gas path in the area from the entrance to the economizer (for pulverized-coal boilers - from the entrance to the air heater) to the exit from the smoke exhauster should be (excluding ash collectors) with a tubular air heater no more than 10%, and with a regenerative one - no more than 25%.

Suctions into the furnace and gas path of hot water gas-oil boilers should be no more than 5%, pulverized coal (excluding ash collecting plants) - no more than 10%.

Air suction in electrostatic precipitators should be no more than 10%, and in ash collecting plants of other types - no more than 5%.

Suction rates are given as a percentage of theoretical required amount air for the rated load of the boilers.

273. The density of the enclosing surfaces of the boiler and gas ducts, including the serviceability of explosive valves (if any), must be controlled by inspection and determination of air suction at intervals established in production instructions but at least once a month. Suckers in the furnace must also be determined instrumentally at least once a year, as well as before and after repair. Leaks in the furnace and flues of the boiler must be eliminated.

274. Checking the serviceability of the operation of pressure gauges, safety valves, water level indicators and feed pumps should be carried out within the following periods:

a) for boilers with operating pressure up to 1.4 MPa inclusive - at least once per shift;

b) for boilers with operating pressure over 1.4 to 4.0 MPa inclusive - at least once a day (except for boilers installed at thermal power plants);

c) for boilers installed at thermal power plants, according to the instructions in accordance with the schedule approved by the technical manager (chief engineer) of the power plant.

The results of the check are recorded in the shift log.

275. Checking the serviceability of the pressure gauge is carried out using three-way valve or shut-off valves replacing it by setting the pointer of the pressure gauge to zero.

At least once every 12 months (unless other periods are established by the documentation for a particular type of pressure gauge), pressure gauges must be verified in the prescribed manner.

Pressure gauges are not allowed to be used in the following cases:

a) if there is no seal or brand on the pressure gauge with a mark on the verification;

b) if the period for checking the pressure gauge has expired;

c) if the arrow of the pressure gauge, when it is turned off, does not return to the zero mark of the scale by an amount exceeding half of the permissible error for this pressure gauge;

d) if the glass is broken or there are other damages to the pressure gauge, which may affect the correctness of its readings.

276. Checking water level indicators is carried out by blowing them. The serviceability of the reduced level indicators is checked by reconciling their readings with the readings of direct-acting water level indicators.

277. The serviceability of safety valves is checked by their forced short-term opening (undermining).

278. Checking the serviceability of standby feed pumps is carried out by putting them into operation for a short time.

279. Checking the serviceability of the alarm and automatic protections should be carried out in accordance with the schedule and instructions approved by the technical manager (chief engineer) of the operating organization (separate subdivision).

280. On the valve flywheels, the designations of the direction of rotation must be preserved when opening and closing the valve.

281. Operational tests of the boiler to draw up a regime map and adjust the operating instructions should be carried out when putting it into operation, after making design changes, when switching to another type or brand of fuel, and also to find out the reasons for the deviation of parameters from the specified values.

Boilers must be equipped necessary devices for performance testing.

282. When the boiler is taken into reserve or repair, measures must be taken to preserve the heating surfaces of the boiler and heaters in accordance with the current guidelines for the conservation of heat and power equipment.

At the end heating season boilers and heating networks are preserved if there is no need for repairs. Before and after repairs, measures must be taken to preserve the equipment.

At the end of the heating season or during a shutdown, hot water boilers and heating systems are mothballed. The methods of conservation are chosen by the owner, based on local conditions, based on the recommendations of the current guidelines for the conservation of heat and power equipment, the manual (instruction) for the operation of the boiler and introduces it into the conservation instruction approved by the technical manager of the operating organization. When putting hot water boilers into operation, as well as before the start of the heating season heating network And internal systems heat consumption is pre-washed.

283. Internal deposits from the heating surfaces of boilers must be removed by washing with water during crushing and shutdowns or during cleaning. Cleaning methods are indicated in the operating manual (instruction).

The frequency of chemical cleaning should be determined by the operating manual (instruction) taking into account the results of a quantitative analysis of internal deposits.

284. Feeding a stopped boiler with water drainage in order to accelerate the cooling of the drum is not allowed.

285. Descent of water from a stopped steam boiler with natural circulation allowed after pressure drop in it:

a) up to 1 MPa - for power boilers operated at thermal power plants;

b) up to atmospheric pressure - for other boilers.

If there are rolling joints in the stopped boiler, it is allowed to drain water from it at a water temperature not higher than 80°C.

It is allowed to drain water from a stopped once-through boiler at a pressure above atmospheric, the upper limit of this pressure must be set by the operating manual (instruction), depending on the drainage system and expanders.

It is allowed to drain water from the boiler after cooling the water in it to a temperature equal to the temperature water in the return pipeline, but not higher than 70°C.

When the boilers of block power plants are stopped, the intermediate superheater must be deevaporated into the turbine condenser.

286. When the boiler is put into reserve, after ventilation of the furnace and gas ducts for a period of time of at least 15 minutes, the draft machines (devices) must be stopped. All shut-off gates on gas ducts, manholes and hatches, as well as guide vanes of draft machines (devices) must be tightly closed.

287. In winter period on the boiler, which is in reserve or repair, monitoring of the air temperature must be installed.

When the air temperature in the boiler room (or outdoor temperature at an open layout) below 0°C, measures must be taken to maintain positive air temperatures in the furnace and gas ducts, in shelters near the drum, in the areas of purge and drainage devices, heaters, impulse lines and sensors of instrumentation, heating must also be organized water in boilers or circulating it through a screen system.

288. The mode of cooldown of boilers after shutdown when taking them out for repair must be determined by the operating manual (instruction). Cooling down boilers with natural circulation by draft machines is permitted provided that the allowable temperature difference between the metal between the upper and lower generatrices of the drum is ensured. Modes with and without maintaining the water level in the drum are allowed.

Cooling down once-through boilers can be carried out immediately after shutdown.

289. Supervision of the personnel on duty over the stopped boiler must be organized until the pressure in it is completely reduced and the voltage is removed from the electric motors; control over the temperature of gas and air in the area of ​​the air heater and flue gases can be stopped no earlier than 24 hours after the shutdown.

290. When boilers operate on solid or gaseous fuels, when fuel oil is a reserve or starting fuel, the schemes of fuel oil management and fuel oil pipelines must be in a condition that ensures the immediate supply of fuel oil to the boilers.

291. In the event of a rupture of the fuel oil or gas pipeline within the boiler room or strong leakages of fuel oil (gas), all measures must be taken to prevent the outflow of fuel through damaged areas, up to turning off the fuel oil pump and closing the shut-off valves at the gas distribution point, as well as to prevent fire or explosion .

292. In order to ensure the operation of the boiler and the feed duct without damage to their elements due to deposits of scale and sludge, an increase in the relative alkalinity of boiler water to dangerous limits or as a result of metal corrosion, the operating organization must maintain a water-chemical mode of operation of boilers, including pre-boiler and in-boiler treatment water, regulate the quality of boiler water, as well as provide chemical control over compliance with the water chemistry regime.

Steam boilers with natural and multiple forced circulation with a steam output of 0.7 t/h or more, once-through steam boilers, regardless of steam output, as well as hot water boilers, must be equipped with installations for pre-boiler water treatment.

It is also possible to use other effective ways water treatment, guaranteeing the operation of the boiler and the feed path without the above damage.

To ensure the safety of boilers with a steam output of less than 0.7 t / h, such a period between cleanings should be set so that the thickness of deposits on the most heat-stressed areas of the heating surface of the boiler does not exceed 0.5 mm by the time it is stopped for cleaning.

The technology and methods of pre-boiler and intra-boiler water treatment are determined by the design documentation based on the recommendations of the project developer and the boiler manufacturer, established by the manual (instruction) for the operation of the boiler, and also taking into account the features of the technological process for which the boiler is used.

293. Feeding of boilers equipped with devices for pre-boiler water treatment with raw water is not allowed.

In cases where the project provides for the boiler to be fed with raw water in emergency situations, two shut-off valves and a control valve between them must be installed on the raw water lines connected to the lines of softened additional water or condensate, as well as to the feed tanks. During normal operation, the shut-off elements must be in the closed position and be sealed, and the control valve must be open.

Each case of feeding the boilers with raw water must be recorded in the water treatment log (water-chemical regime), indicating the duration of the feeding and the quality of the feed water during this period. In this case, the boilers must operate at reduced temperature parameters with the temperature of the heat carrier at the outlet of the boiler is not more than 60°С.

294. Pre-boiler and intra-boiler water treatment, water quality regulation is carried out according to instructions and regime cards for maintaining the water-chemical regime developed by commissioning organizations, and must ensure the quality of feed, boiler, make-up and network water in accordance with the standards established by the developer of project documentation, the manufacturer of the boiler and Appendix No. 3 to these FNP.

The operation of pre-boiler water treatment plants is carried out according to production instructions developed on the basis of the operating manuals (instructions) for the operation of organizations - manufacturers of plants, taking into account the requirements of design and process documentation.

Instructions and regime cards must be approved by the head of the operating organization and be at the workplaces of the personnel.

295. Chemical control during the operation of boilers must ensure:

a) timely detection of violations of the operating modes of water treatment, heat power and heat supply equipment, leading to corrosion, scale formation and deposits;

b) determination of the quality (composition) of water, steam, condensate, sediments, reagents, preservative and washing solutions, fuel, slag, ash, gases, oils and wastewater.

296. The frequency of sampling of source, chemically treated, boiler, network, feed and make-up water, condensate and steam is established by the commissioning organization depending on the type of boiler equipment, its mode of operation and the quality of source and feed water and the water treatment scheme.

297. On the basis of internal inspections of boilers and auxiliary equipment, sampling of deposits, cutting of pipe samples (if necessary), reports are drawn up on the condition inner surface, the need for operational cleaning and other measures to prevent corrosion and deposits.

298. The operating organization must ensure timely repair of boilers according to the approved schedule of preventive maintenance.

A repair log must be kept for each boiler, in which the person responsible for the good condition and safe operation of the boiler enters information about the repair work performed, the materials used, welding and welders, about stopping the boilers for cleaning and washing. Replacement of pipes, rivets and rolling of pipe connections with drums and headers should be noted on the pipe (rivet) layout attached to the repair log. The repair log also reflects the results of the inspection of the boiler before cleaning, indicating the thickness of scale and sludge deposits and all defects identified during the repair period.

299. Prior to the start of work inside the drum or collector of the boiler, connected to other operating boilers by pipelines (steam pipeline, feed, drainage, drain lines), as well as before internal inspection or repair of pressure elements, the boiler must be disconnected from all pipelines with plugs if flanged fittings are installed on them.

If the fittings of the steam and water pipelines are flangeless, the boiler must be switched off by two shut-off devices with a drainage device between them with a nominal diameter of at least 32 mm, having direct connection with atmosphere. Valve drives, as well as open drain valves and emergency drain lines from the drum, must be locked so that there is no possibility of weakening their tightness when the lock is locked. The keys to the locks must be kept by the person responsible for the good condition and safe operation of the boiler, unless the company has established a different procedure for their storage.

300. The thickness of the plugs used to turn off the boiler is set based on the strength calculation. The plug must have a protruding part (shank), by which its presence is determined. When installing gaskets between the flanges and the plug, the gaskets must be without shanks.

301. The admission of people into the boiler, as well as the opening of the shut-off valves after the removal of people from the boiler, must be carried out only with a written permit (together with a permit) issued in the manner prescribed by the administrative documents of the operating organization.

Requirements for the operation of pressure vessels

302. The operation of pressure vessels must be carried out in accordance with the production instructions developed and approved by the management of the operating organization on the mode of operation and safe maintenance of vessels. In particular, the instructions should regulate:

a) vessels covered by the instruction, their purpose;

b) the duties of the personnel on duty to monitor and control the operation of the vessel;

c) the procedure for checking the serviceability of the serviced vessels and related equipment in working condition;

d) the procedure, terms and methods for checking fittings, safety devices, automatic protection and signaling devices;

e) the procedure for starting up and stopping (stopping work) of the vessel;

f) safety measures when equipment is taken out for repair, as well as additional safety measures for vessels with a working medium of group 1 (in accordance with TR CU 032/2013);

g) cases requiring an immediate stop of the vessel, provided for by these FNR, as well as others, due to the specifics of the operation of the vessel. The procedure for emergency shutdown and pressure reduction to atmospheric pressure is set depending on the specific scheme for switching on the vessel and the technological process;

h) actions of personnel in case of emergency response;

i) the procedure for maintaining a shift log (registration of the acceptance and delivery of duty, verification of the record by a person responsible for the good condition and safe operation of the vessel).

303. The production instructions for the mode of operation and safe maintenance of autoclaves with quick-release lids should additionally include instructions on:

a) the procedure for using the key-mark and the lock;

b) allowable rates of heating and cooling of the autoclave and methods of their control;

c) the procedure for monitoring the thermal movements of the autoclave and monitoring the absence of pinching of the movable supports;

d) control over the continuous removal of condensate.

304. The management of the operating organization must approve the scheme for switching on the vessel, indicating: pressure source; parameters; working environment; fittings, control and measuring devices, means of automatic control; safety and blocking devices. Schemes for switching on vessels should be at the workplace.

305. When operating vessels heated by hot gases, it is necessary to ensure reliable cooling of the walls under pressure, preventing the wall temperature from exceeding the permissible values.

306. In order to exclude the possibility of putting into operation vessels (autoclaves) with quick-release lids when the lid is not completely closed and opened when there is pressure in the vessel, it is necessary to equip such vessels with locks with a brand key. The order of storage and use of the key-mark should be reflected in the production instructions for the mode of operation and safe maintenance of vessels.

307. When operating a vessel with a working pressure of up to 2.5 MPa, it is necessary to use direct-acting pressure gauges with an accuracy class of at least 2.5, and at a working pressure of more than 2.5 MPa, the accuracy class of the pressure gauges used must be at least 1.5.

308. On the pressure gauge scale, the owner of the vessel must put a red line indicating the working pressure in the vessel. Instead of a red line, it is allowed to attach a plate (made of metal or other material of sufficient strength) to the pressure gauge body, painted red and tightly adjacent to the pressure gauge glass.

The pressure gauge must be selected with such a scale that the working pressure measurement limit is in the second third of the scale.

309. The installation of a pressure gauge on a vessel must ensure that its readings are clearly visible to the maintenance personnel.

The nominal diameter of the case of pressure gauges installed at a height of up to 2 m from the level of the observation site for them must be at least 100 mm, at a height of 2 to 3 m - at least 160 mm.

Installation of pressure gauges at a height of more than 3 m from the level of the site is not allowed.

310. To periodically check the working pressure gauge, it is necessary to install a three-way valve or a device replacing it between the pressure gauge and the vessel.

If necessary, the pressure gauge, depending on the operating conditions and the properties of the medium in the vessel, must be equipped with either a siphon tube, or an oil buffer, or other devices that protect it from direct exposure to the medium and temperature and ensure its reliable operation.

Pressure gauges and pipelines connecting them to the vessel must be protected from freezing.

311. Instead of a three-way valve on vessels operating under pressure above 2.5 MPa or at a medium temperature above 250°C, as well as with a medium belonging to group 1 (in accordance with TR TS 032/2013), it is allowed to install a separate fitting with shut-off device for connecting a second pressure gauge.

Installation of a three-way valve or a device replacing it is optional if it is possible to check the pressure gauge in deadlines by removing it from the stationary vessel.

312. Manometers are not allowed to be used on vessels in the following cases, if:

313. Verification of pressure gauges with their sealing or branding must be carried out at least once every 12 months, unless other terms are established in the documentation for the pressure gauge. The service personnel must check the serviceability of the pressure gauge using a three-way valve or shut-off valves replacing it by setting the pressure gauge pointer to zero. The procedure and terms for checking the serviceability of pressure gauges by maintenance personnel during the operation of vessels must be determined by the production instruction on the mode of operation and safe maintenance of vessels, approved by the management of the operating organization.

314. When operating vessels operating at varying wall temperatures, it is necessary to monitor compliance with the requirements for the permissible rates of heating and cooling of vessels, which (if such control is necessary) are indicated in the operating manual (instruction).

315. Check of serviceability of action of the spring safety valve is carried out by:

a) inspection of its forced opening during the operation of the equipment at intervals established in the production instructions for the operation of safety valves;

b) checking the operation of the valve on the stands, if the forced opening of the valve is undesirable either due to the properties of the working environment (explosive, combustible, toxic), or according to the conditions of the technological process.

When operating a spring-loaded safety valve, its spring must be protected from inadmissible heating (cooling) and direct exposure to the working medium, if it has a harmful effect on the spring material.

316. The installation of a pressure gauge and a safety valve is optional on a vessel whose operating pressure, set by the manufacturer in the passport, is equal to or greater than the pressure of the supply source, and provided that the possibility of pressure increase from a chemical reaction or heating is excluded in this vessel, including in case of fire.

317. On the inlet pipeline of a vessel designed for a pressure less than the pressure of the supply source, it is necessary to install an automatic reducing device with a pressure gauge and a safety device installed on the side of lower pressure, after the reducing device. If a bypass line (bypass) is installed, it must also be equipped with a reducing device.

It is allowed to install one reducing device with a pressure gauge and safety valve on a common supply pipeline for a group of vessels operating at the same pressure up to the first branch to one of the vessels. At the same time, the installation of safety devices on the vessels themselves is optional if the possibility of pressure increase is excluded in them.

If, due to the physical properties of the working medium, reliable operation of the automatic reducing device is not ensured, the installation of a flow regulator is allowed and protection against pressure increase is provided.

318. The capacity of safety valves is determined in accordance with the current regulatory documentation, taking into account the flow coefficient for each valve (for compressible and incompressible media, as well as the area to which it is assigned) indicated in the safety valve passport.

When the safety valves are operating, the pressure in the vessel is not allowed to exceed:

a) permitted pressure by more than 0.05 MPa - for vessels with pressure up to 0.3 MPa;

b) permitted pressure by more than 15% - for vessels with pressure from 0.3 to 6 MPa;

c) permitted pressure by more than 10% - for vessels with pressure over 6 MPa.

When safety valves are in operation, it is allowed to exceed the pressure in the vessel by no more than 25% of the working pressure, provided that this excess is provided for by the project and is reflected in the vessel's passport.

If during operation the working pressure of the vessel is reduced, then it is necessary to calculate the capacity of the safety devices for the new operating conditions.

319. In order to ensure the safe operation of vessels, the connecting pipelines of safety valves (inlet, outlet and drainage) should be protected from freezing of the working medium in them.

The selection of the working medium from the branch pipes (and in the sections of the connecting pipelines from the vessel to the valves), on which safety devices are installed, is not allowed.

320. When installing several safety devices on one branch pipe (pipeline), the area cross section branch pipe (pipeline) must be at least 1.25 of the total cross-sectional area of ​​the valves installed on it. When determining the cross section of connecting pipelines with a length of more than 1000 mm, it is also necessary to take into account the value of their resistance.

321. Installation of shut-off valves between the vessel and the safety device, as well as behind it, is not allowed.

For a group of safety devices (two or more), the fittings in front of (behind) the safety device (s) can be installed provided that the safety devices are equipped with a blocking made in such a way that in any case of shutting off the valves (valve) provided for by the project, the remaining switched on safety devices have a total throughput that ensures the fulfillment of the requirements of paragraph 318 of these FNR. When installing two safety devices, the interlock must exclude the possibility of their simultaneous disconnection.

322. The medium leaving the safety devices must be discharged to a safe place. Discharged toxic, explosive and flammable process fluids must be sent to closed systems for further disposal or organized incineration systems.

In cases justified by the design documentation, it is allowed to discharge non-toxic explosive and flammable media into the atmosphere through discharge pipelines, provided that their design and location ensure explosion and fire safe dispersion of the discharged medium, taking into account the requirements of fire safety standards.

Discharges containing substances that are capable of forming explosive mixtures or unstable compounds when mixed are prohibited.

323. To ensure the removal of condensate, the discharge pipelines of safety devices and the impulse lines of impulse safety valves must be equipped with drainage devices in places where condensate may accumulate. Condensate must be drained from the drain pipes to a safe place.

Installation of locking devices or other fittings on drainage pipelines is not allowed.

324. Membrane safety devices must be installed on branch pipes or pipelines directly connected to the vessel in places open and accessible for inspection and installation and dismantling.

The membranes must be placed only in the attachment points intended for them.

Connecting pipelines must be protected from freezing of the working medium in them.

325. When installing a membrane safety device in series with a safety valve (before or behind the valve), the cavity between the membrane and the valve must be connected by a drain pipe with a signal pressure gauge (to monitor the health of the membranes).

It is allowed to install a switching device in front of the membrane safety devices in the presence of a double number of membrane devices, while ensuring the protection of the vessel from overpressure in any position of the switching device.

326. The procedure and terms for checking the serviceability of operation, repair and checking the setting of operation of safety devices at the stand, depending on the conditions of the technological process, must be indicated in the production instructions for the operation of safety devices approved by the management of the operating organization.

The results of checking the serviceability of safety devices, information about their setting are recorded in a shift log, information about their setting is drawn up by acts of the person performing the specified operations.

327. When operating vessels with an interface between media, which require liquid level control, the following requirements must be met:

a) ensuring good visibility of the readings of the liquid level indicator;

b) if it is possible to lower the liquid level below the permissible level on vessels heated by flames or hot gases, control the level using two direct action indicators;

c) a clear indication on the liquid level indicator of the permissible upper and lower levels, subject to the condition that the height of the transparent liquid level indicator must be at least 25 mm lower than the lower and higher than the upper, respectively acceptable levels liquids;

d) when equipping a vessel with several level indicators in height, placing them in such a way that they ensure continuity of liquid level readings;

e) when carrying out the purge of fittings (taps, valves) installed on the level indicator, ensuring the removal of the working medium to a safe place;

f) application protective device to protect personnel from injury in case of rupture of a transparent element used on the level indicator, made of glass or mica;

g) ensuring reliable operation of sound, light and other signaling devices and level locks provided for by the project and installed along with level indicators.

328. In order to maintain vessels in good condition, the operating organization is obliged to organize timely repair of vessels in accordance with the schedule. At the same time, it is not allowed to repair vessels and their elements under pressure. In order to ensure safety during repairs associated with the performance of work inside the vessel, prior to the commencement of these works, the vessel connected to other operating vessels by a common pipeline must be separated from them by plugs or disconnected. Disconnected pipes must be plugged. Only plugs of appropriate strength, installed between the flanges and having a protruding part (tail), by which the presence of a plug is determined, are allowed to be used to disconnect the vessel. When installing gaskets between flanges, they must be without shanks.

329. When working inside the vessel (internal inspection, repair, cleaning), safe lamps with a voltage of not more than 12 V must be used, and in explosive environments - in explosion-proof design. If necessary, the air environment should be analyzed for the absence of harmful or other substances exceeding the limit allowable concentrations. Work inside the vessel must be carried out according to the work permit.

330. At negative ambient temperatures, the start, stop or leak test of vessels operated in the open air or in unheated premises must be carried out in accordance with the start-up schedule established in the production instruction. winter time, developed on the basis of the requirements of the manual (instruction) for operation and project documentation.

Subject to dependency strength characteristics the material from which the vessel is made, on the temperature, as well as the minimum temperature at which steel (or other material) and welded joints of this vessel are allowed to work under pressure, the regulations for launching a vessel in winter time (groups of vessels of the same type in design, operating in the same conditions) should determine:

a) the minimum values ​​of pressure of the working medium and air temperature at which it is possible to put the vessel into operation;

b) the order (schedule) of pressure increase (from the minimum start-up pressure to the working one) in the vessel during start-up and decrease - at stop;

c) the allowable rate of increase in the temperature of the vessel wall during start-up and decrease - when stopped.

Requirements for the operation of pipelines

331. For a pipeline, the operating organization develops and approves executive scheme pipeline, which indicates:

a) steel grades, diameters, thicknesses of pipes, length of the pipeline;

b) the location of supports, compensators, hangers, fittings, air vents and drainage devices;

c) welded joints indicating the distances between them;

d) the location of indicators for controlling thermal displacements, indicating the design values ​​of displacements, devices for measuring creep (for pipelines that operate at temperatures that cause metal creep).

332. In order to prevent accidents in pipelines operating at a temperature that causes metal creep, the operating organization is obliged to establish systematic monitoring of the growth of residual deformations. This requirement applies to steam pipelines made of carbon, manganese, silicon-manganese and molybdenum steels operating at a steam temperature of 400°C and above, from alloyed chromium-molybdenum and chromium-molybdenum-vanadium steels at a steam temperature of 500°C and above, and from high-alloy chromium and chromium-nickel (austenitic) steels at steam temperature of 530°C and above. Also, these pipelines must be subjected to technical diagnostics, non-destructive, destructive testing, including before they reach the designated resource (service life), in accordance with the requirements established in the operating manual (instruction), production instructions and other administrative documents adopted in the operating organizations.

333. After overhaul, as well as repairs associated with cutting and re-welding sections of the pipeline, replacing fittings, adjusting supports and replacing thermal insulation, before putting the equipment into operation, the following must be checked:

a) the absence of temporary assembly and repair screeds, structures and fixtures, scaffolding;

b) the serviceability of fixed and sliding supports and spring fasteners, ladders and platforms for servicing pipelines and fittings;

c) the size of the tightening of the springs of the suspensions and supports in the cold state;

d) serviceability of thermal displacement indicators;

e) the possibility of free movement of pipelines during their heating and other operating conditions;

f) condition of drains and air vents, safety devices;

g) the magnitude of the slopes horizontal sections pipelines and their compliance with the provisions of these FNP;

h) ease of movement of the moving parts of the reinforcement;

i) conformity of indications extreme provisions shutoff valves (open-closed) on control panels to its actual position;

j) serviceability of thermal insulation.

334. During the operation of pipelines and fittings in accordance with the current instructions, the following must be controlled:

a) the magnitude of thermal displacements of pipelines and their compliance with the calculated values ​​according to the indications of indicators (benchmarks);

b) no pinching and increased vibration pipelines;

c) density of safety devices, fittings and flange connections;

G) temperature regime metal work during starts and stops;

e) the degree of tightening of the springs of suspensions and supports in working and cold condition at least once every two years;

f) tightness of stuffing box seals of fittings;

g) compliance of the indications of the position indicators of the control valves on the control panels with its actual position;

h) the presence of lubrication of bearings, units of drive mechanisms, screw pairs spindle - threaded bushing, in gearboxes of valve electric drives.

335. When filling uncooled steam pipelines with a medium, the temperature difference between the pipeline walls and the working medium must be controlled, which must be kept within the calculated values.

336. The drainage system must ensure the complete removal of moisture during heating, cooling and emptying of pipelines.

When replacing parts and elements of pipelines, it is necessary to maintain the design position of the axis of the pipeline.

When laying drainage lines, the direction of thermal movements must be taken into account in order to avoid pinching of pipelines.

When combining the drainage lines of several pipelines, each of them must be installed shut-off valves.

337. On fittings or on a special metal tag, names and numbers should be applied according to technological schemes of pipelines, as well as indicators of the direction of rotation of the handwheel.

Control valves must be equipped with indicators of the degree of opening of the regulating body, and shut-off valves - with indicators "Open" and "Closed".

The valve must be accessible for maintenance. At the installation sites of fittings and indicators of thermal displacements of steam pipelines, service platforms should be installed.

Fittings must be used strictly in accordance with its functional purpose.

338. Checking the serviceability of the operation of pressure gauges and safety valves (except for safety valves of process pipelines intended for transportation of explosive and chemically hazardous substances) must be carried out within the following periods:

a) for pipelines with operating pressure up to 1.4 MPa inclusive - at least once per shift;

b) for pipelines with operating pressure over 1.4 to 4.0 MPa inclusive - at least once a day;

c) for pipelines with a working pressure of more than 4 MPa, as well as for all pipelines installed at thermal power plants - on time, set by the instruction approved in the prescribed manner by the technical manager (chief engineer) of the organization.

The results of the check are recorded in the shift log.

339. When operating pipelines with a working pressure of up to 2.5 MPa, it is necessary to use pressure gauges with an accuracy class of at least 2.5.

When operating pipelines with a working pressure of more than 2.5 to 14 MPa, it is necessary to use pressure gauges with an accuracy class of at least 1.5.

When operating pipelines with a working pressure of more than 14 MPa, it is necessary to use pressure gauges with an accuracy class of at least 1.

The pressure gauge scale is chosen from the condition that at operating pressure the pressure gauge needle is in the second third of the scale.

The pressure gauge must have a red line indicating the allowable pressure.

Instead of a red line, it is allowed to attach a metal plate or a plate made of composite materials, painted red and tightly attached to the glass of the manometer.

340. The pressure gauge must be installed so that its readings are clearly visible to the maintenance personnel, while its scale must be located vertically or tilted forward up to 30 ° to improve the visibility of the readings.

The nominal diameter of pressure gauges installed at a height of up to 2 m from the level of the pressure gauge observation site must be at least 100 mm, at a height of 2 to 3 m - at least 150 mm and at a height of 3 to 5 m - at least 250 mm. When the pressure gauge is located at a height of more than 5 m, a reduced pressure gauge should be installed as a backup.

341. Before each pressure gauge there must be a three-way valve or other similar device for purging and turning off the pressure gauge. There must be a siphon tube with a diameter of at least 10 mm in front of the manometer intended for measuring steam pressure.

342. During the operation of the pipeline, the service personnel checks the serviceability of the pressure gauge at intervals established in the production instructions, using a three-way valve or shut-off valves replacing it by setting the pressure gauge needle to zero.

At least once every 12 months (unless other periods are established by the documentation for the pressure gauge), the pressure gauges must be verified, and each of them must be branded or sealed.

Pressure gauges are not allowed for use in cases where:

a) there is no seal or brand on the pressure gauge with a mark on the verification;

b) the period for checking the pressure gauge has expired;

c) the pointer of the pressure gauge, when it is turned off, does not return to the zero mark of the scale by an amount exceeding half of the permissible error for this pressure gauge;

d) the glass is broken or there are other damages to the pressure gauge, which may affect the correctness of its readings.

343. The serviceability of safety valves is checked by their forced short-term undermining (opening) or by checking the operation of the valve on the stands, if the forced opening of the valve is undesirable due to the conditions of the technological process.

Safety devices must be designed and adjusted so that the pressure in the protected element does not exceed the permitted one by more than 10%, and at the permitted pressure up to 0.5 MPa - by no more than 0.05 MPa.

Exceeding the pressure with the full opening of the safety valve higher than 10% of the permitted one can be allowed only if this is provided for by the calculation of the strength of the pipeline.

If the operation of the pipeline is allowed at a reduced pressure, then the adjustment of the safety devices must be made according to this pressure, and throughput devices must be checked by calculation.

Sampling of the medium from the branch pipe on which the safety device is installed is not allowed. Safety valves must have discharge pipelines that protect personnel from burns when the valves actuate. These pipelines must be protected from freezing and equipped with drains to drain the condensate accumulating in them. Installation of locking devices on drains is not allowed.

344. When operating a pipeline, the design pressure of which is lower than the pressure of the source supplying it, to ensure safety, a reducing device with a pressure gauge and a safety valve, which are installed on the side of lower pressure (reducing-cooling plant or other reducing devices), must be used. The reducing devices must have automatic pressure control, and the reducing-cooling devices, in addition, must have automatic temperature control.

345. The organization operating pipelines must keep a repair log, in which, signed by the person responsible for the good condition and safe operation of pipelines, they must enter information about the repair work performed that does not necessitate an extraordinary technical examination.

Information about repair work that necessitates an extraordinary survey of the pipeline, about the materials used in the repair, as well as information about the quality of welding, must be entered in the pipeline passport.

346. Prior to the start of repair work on the pipeline, it must be separated from all other pipelines by plugs or disconnected.

If the fittings for steam and hot water pipelines are flangeless, then the pipeline must be disconnected by two shut-off devices with a drainage device between them with a nominal diameter of at least 32 mm, which has a direct connection to the atmosphere. The actuators of gate valves, as well as valves of open drains, must be locked so that there is no possibility of weakening their tightness when the lock is locked. The keys to the locks must be kept by the person responsible for the good condition and safe operation of the pipeline.

The thickness of the plugs and flanges used when disconnecting the pipeline must be determined by the strength calculation. The plug must have a protruding part (shank), by which its presence is determined.

Gaskets between flanges and plug must be without shanks.

347. Repair of pipelines, fittings and elements remote control fittings, installation and removal of plugs separating the repaired section of the pipeline must be carried out only with a work permit in the manner established by the operating organization.

348. The fittings after repair must be tested for tightness with a pressure equal to 1.25 working pressure - for the one being removed from the place and the working pressure - for the installation being repaired without removal from the place.

349. Thermal insulation pipelines and fittings must be in good condition. The temperature on its surface at an ambient temperature of 25°C should not exceed 55°C.

350. Thermal insulation of flanged joints, fittings and sections of pipelines subjected to periodic control (welded joints, bosses for measuring creep) must be removable.

351. Thermal insulation of pipelines located in the open air and near oil tanks, oil pipelines, fuel oil pipelines must have a metal or other coating to protect it from moisture or combustible oil products. Pipelines located near cable lines must also have a metal coating.

352. Pipelines with a temperature of the working medium below the ambient temperature must be protected from corrosion, have hydro- and thermal insulation.

For thermal insulation, materials that do not cause corrosion of the pipeline metal should be used.

Procedure in the event of an accident or incident during the operation of pressure equipment

353. The boiler must be immediately stopped and turned off by the action of protections or personnel in cases provided for by the instructions, and in particular in cases of:

a) failure detection of the safety valve;

b) if the pressure in the boiler drum has risen by 10% above the allowed one and continues to grow;

c) lowering the water level below the lowest permissible level;

d) raising the water level above the highest permissible level;

e) shutdown of all feed pumps;

f) termination of all direct water level indicators;

g) if cracks, bulges, gaps in their welds, breakage of an anchor bolt or connection;

h) unacceptable increase or decrease in pressure in the once-through boiler path up to the built-in valves;

i) extinction of torches in the furnace during chamber combustion of fuel;

j) reducing the water flow through the boiler below the minimum allowable value;

k) lowering the water pressure in the boiler duct below the permissible level;

l) increasing the water temperature at the outlet of the hot water boiler to a value 20°C below the saturation temperature corresponding to the operating water pressure in the outlet header of the boiler;

m) malfunctions of safety automation or alarm, including the loss of voltage on these devices;

o) the occurrence of a fire in the boiler room that threatens the operating personnel or the boiler.

354. The vessel must be immediately stopped in cases provided for by the instruction on the mode of operation and safe maintenance, in particular:

a) if the pressure in the vessel has risen above the permitted level and does not decrease, despite the measures taken by the personnel;

b) when a malfunction of the safety device against pressure increase is detected;

c) upon detection of leaks, bulges, rupture of gaskets in the vessel and its elements operating under pressure;

e) when the liquid level drops below the permissible level in vessels with fire heating;

f) in case of failure of all liquid level indicators;

g) in case of malfunction of safety blocking devices;

h) in the event of a fire that directly threatens the vessel under pressure.

355. The pipeline must be immediately stopped and turned off by the action of protections or personnel in the cases provided for by the instruction, in particular:

a) when a malfunction of the safety device against pressure increase is detected;

b) if the pressure in the pipeline has risen above the permitted level and does not decrease, despite the measures taken by the personnel;

c) if cracks, bulges, gaps in their welds, breakage of an anchor bolt or connection are found in the main elements of the pipeline;

d) if the pressure gauge malfunctions and it is impossible to determine the pressure using other instruments;

e) in case of malfunction of safety blocking devices;

f) in case of pinching and increased vibration of the pipeline;

g) in case of malfunction of drainage devices for continuous removal of liquid;

h) in the event of a fire that directly threatens the pipeline.

356. Causes of emergency shutdown of equipment under pressure should be recorded in shift logs.

357. HIFs that use pressure equipment must develop and approve instructions that establish the actions of workers in emergency situations. Instructions must be issued to the workplace against the signature of each employee associated with the operation of pressure equipment. Knowledge of the instructions is checked during the certification of specialists and the admission of workers to independent work.

The scope of the instructions depends on the specifics of the process and the type of pressure equipment being operated.

358. In the instructions establishing the actions of workers in emergency situations, along with the requirements determined by the specifics of HIFs, the following information should be indicated for workers involved in the operation of pressure equipment:

a) operational actions to prevent and localize accidents;

b) ways and methods of liquidation of accidents;

c) evacuation schemes in the event of an explosion, fire, release of toxic substances in the room or on the site where the equipment is operated, if the emergency cannot be localized or eliminated;

d) the procedure for using the fire extinguishing system in case of local fires of HIF equipment;

e) procedure for bringing pressure equipment to a safe position when not in service;

f) places for disconnecting power supply inputs and a list of persons entitled to disconnect;

g) location of first aid kits;

h) methods of providing first aid to workers who have fallen under electrical voltage who received burns, poisoned by combustion products;

i) the procedure for notifying HIF employees and specialized services involved in the implementation of actions to localize accidents.

The responsibility for the availability of these instructions lies with the management of the HIF, which uses pressure equipment, and their implementation in emergency situations - with each employee of the HIF.

359. The procedure for actions in the event of an incident during the operation of pressure equipment is determined by the operating organization and established in the production instructions.

By order of Rostekhnadzor dated December 22, 2014 No. 589, all areas of certification according to B.8 were canceled and new ones were introduced, in accordance with FNP No. 116 for vessels

Order of October 27, 2015 N 432 on changing the scope of certification B.8. left unchanged B.8.23

B.8.23. (February 2015) Operation of pressure vessels at hazardous production facilities with references to FNP

In testing on the site, the breakdown into tickets in topics is conditional and corresponds to the numbering of RTH questions

Literature for the preparation of the appendix to the order of RTN dated December 22, 2014 No. 589

order of Rostekhnadzor dated March 25, 2014 No. 116 "On approval of the Federal norms and rules in the field of industrial safety "Industrial safety rules for hazardous production facilities that use equipment operating under excessive pressure". Registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on May 19, 2014, registration No. 32326

Comply with PB 1223.1 Training and certification of managers and specialists of organizations operating pressure vessels at hazardous production facilities

Topic 1. General provisions

Scope and application of Federal norms and rules.

Topic 2. Commissioning of pressure vessels

The order of commissioning, start-up (switching on) to work and accounting of equipment.

Topic 3. Industrial safety requirements for the operation of pressure equipment

Requirements for organizations operating pressure equipment and for employees of these organizations. Requirements for the operation of pressure vessels. Procedure in case of an accident or incident during the operation of pressure equipment. Additional industrial safety requirements for the operation of tanks and barrels for the transport of liquefied gases.

Topic 4. Technical certification, industrial safety expertise, technical diagnostics of pressure equipment

General requirements. Technical examination of vessels. Examination of industrial safety and technical diagnostics of pressure equipment. Additional industrial safety requirements for the inspection and operation of cylinders.

Topic 5. Industrial safety requirements for the technical re-equipment of HIFs, installation, repair, reconstruction (modernization) and adjustment of pressure equipment

Industrial safety requirements for the technical re-equipment of HIFs, installation, repair, reconstruction (modernization) and adjustment of pressure equipment. Hydraulic (pneumatic) test.