Collect cherries from high branches of the device. How to quickly pick cherries? We make the device with our own hands! Necessary climbing tools

Like all stone fruits, cherries have their own terms for reaching technical maturity. The tree is grown for the sake of tasty and juicy berries, which can be eaten fresh or used to make compotes and juices for the winter. It is impossible to unequivocally answer the question when fruits ripen on cherries. It all depends on the type of tree, the conditions in which it grows, care.

Cherries are classified as crops that can grow both in the southern regions and in areas where the climate is cold, summers are short with rains and winds. The climate affects the timing of ripening. Even early-ripening cherries will reach maturity faster in the Central region than in Siberia or the Urals.

Already in the second half of June, berries of Shpanka, Molodezhnaya, Malyshka varieties are ready for use. Mid-season varieties: Lyubskaya, Shchedraya, Turgenevka, are covered with ripe fruits in the first decade of July. And only in August will the cherries of the Zhuravka and Rusinka varieties ripen. But if the trees of these varieties are in the gardens of the Siberian region, then fruiting will come 1-2 weeks later. The berry ripens later if the weather in summer brings more rainy and cloudy days. It must be borne in mind that the tree will bear fruit faster when the berry ripens in the sun. In the shade, a growing bush will mature longer. Does not like culture and low-lying places with occurrence close to the surface of the earth ground water. From the waterlogging of the soil, the root system will begin to rot, the growth of the bush will stop, and flowering and fruiting will begin later.

The condition of the soil affects the ripening time. The soil on the site should be loose, nutritious, neutral in acidity.

Weakens and delays fruit ripening a large number of wild shoots near the cherry. Therefore, those root offspring that are not needed to form a bush are removed. To exclude infection of the tree after the procedure, the wounds are treated with var after cleaning the cut with a garden knife. Under the var, the wounds will grow faster, and the wood will not oxidize and collapse. garden var purchased in a specialized store or prepared independently from 10 parts of rosin, four autols and two wax. Wax with rosin is heated on fire, after a slight cooling of the mixture, part of the autol is poured in.

A tree susceptible to fungal infections: moniliosis, coccomycosis, anthracnose, will take longer to recover from illness, and fruiting will shift by several weeks. The attack of pests on the garden negatively affects flowering and ovaries. Only with the right care and creation comfortable conditions cherries will give juicy sweet berries on time, in accordance with the timing.

collection time

When picking cherries, gardeners will be prompted by berries that become soft, juicy. The color of the skin also indicates the degree of ripeness. Usually it becomes dark red, burgundy. Although there are varieties with light red fruits. But after tasting one berry, you can be sure of its maturity to taste. The pulp gives off sweetness, it has a lot of juice, it does not knit the tongue.

Usually appear faster ripe berries on cherry bushes that grow on sunny areas. The harvest begins to be harvested gradually so that it does not get to the birds or rot when it falls to the ground. Removing only ripe fruits, unripe ones are left. If it is planned to transport the crop, then the berries are plucked 2-3 days before their ripeness comes.

It is not possible to pick fruits from trees too early, as they will not be able to ripen indoors, like apples or pears. So you can stay without cherry berries.

The quality of the harvest for the season depends on:

• air humidity;
• average temperature of the year;
• the month in which the berries were picked;
• stop watering 2-3 weeks before harvest;
• climate of the growing region.

If in the Moscow region they are already starting to pick cherries, then in Kazan the harvest will be ready later. Here the gardener himself determines the condition of the fruits, their readiness for harvest. When weather negatively affect the taste of berries, and the fruits begin to rot, then you need to collect cherries for making compotes or jams. So you can save at least part of the stone fruit crop.

How to collect

Cherries are harvested in different ways:

1. Leaving the stalk makes it possible to increase the fresh storage time of the berries. Pruner cut the stalk so that half of it remains with the fruits.
2. They are also plucked from cuttings. These berries can be stored in the refrigerator. They will retain their marketable appearance for a long time.
3. When berries are cut off without cuttings, this method is called milking. It is used when cherries are needed for culinary processing or canning.

Picking cherries from a tall tree is not easy. It is impossible to do without devices. Hooks come to the aid of the gardener, with the help of which they pull up the branches. Ladders are also used to get berries from the top of the bush. Among the tools that carry out the collection of berries, one can note gardening scissors, pruner, fruit picker. All methods of picking cherries are carried out with cotton gloves. After all, the juice of the berry is poorly washed off the skin.

Harvesting fruits and berries is a pleasant but not always easy activity. This is especially true for cherries. It is very difficult to collect cherries from mature and branched trees, sometimes even modern high, comfortable stairs do not help. Meanwhile, a simple fixture that you can make for a short time, will greatly facilitate this work and will allow you to collect the most ripe berries on the highest branches.

To make the device, take an ordinary PET bottle and cut it in half with a sharp blade. You will use the bottom of the bottle. Then, from a piece of wood, cut a horseshoe segment, inner diameter which corresponds to the diameter of the bottle and drill several holes in it, as shown in the photo:

The diameter of the holes must match the diameter wooden sticks, which must be made in advance (or take ready-made chopsticks).

With the help of PVA glue, pieces of sticks must be fixed in the segment and this whole structure should be tied to the outside of the bottle with a wire or a thin rope, threading the sticks into the holes drilled for them.

The last step is to attach a pole or pipe of the required length to the manufactured container using adhesive tape (adhesive tape).

Caring for a cherry orchard is no easy task. Planting seedlings, watering, fertilizing, pest and disease control - all this in order to get a high yield. And now comes the time when the cherries sing! This is the culmination of the summer season.

Harvesting

How do amateur gardeners pick cherries? What harvesting device is used by large peasant farms?

The ripening period of cherry fruits is extended in time and depends on the variety and the region where it grows. Cherry sings from the beginning of July to the end of August. If the weather is cold, then the berries may be late in ripening. Early varieties ripen first. Finish the season - late ripening.

Picking berries in the country

Harvesting cherries is a laborious process that requires a lot of time. How to harvest cherries?

The fruits of those trees that get more solar heat and light can ripen earlier. Harvesting should begin as soon as the first fruits ripen. Do not wait for all the berries on the trees to ripen. Harvesting must be done as they mature. Otherwise, overripe fruits will either be pecked by birds, or they will fall off on their own and part of the crop will be lost.

On the garden plot it is better to pick cherries by hand, carefully picking each berry.

There are several ways:

• cutting off part of the cutting along with the berry with scissors;
• collection of fruits with cuttings;
• picking berries without cuttings.

The choice of one or another method depends on the method of further processing of berries. But climbing trees with a ladder and a bucket is a dangerous activity. Therefore, you can use a simple device for picking cherries with tall tree with telescopic handle.

Devices are:

• collet with grip;
• collet wire;
• fruit picker "tulip" - in the form of a plastic cup with slots;
• pneumatic fruit picker.

How to make a do-it-yourself cherry picker? For this you will need:

• plastic bottle;
• holder (long stick);
• awl, screwdriver, knife.

A plastic bottle must be put on the pointed end of the stick with its neck. Fix it to the holder with a self-tapping screw. Cut a hole in it in the form of a vertical flag so that on top of the “window” you get a prong about which the ripened fruit will fall off the tree and fall into the bottle.

With such a tool, it will be possible to collect both ordinary and felt cherries.

Harvesting in peasant farms

Cherry, like cherries, is very popular and in demand in the market. Therefore, it is grown in the gardens of peasant farms over vast areas.

On an industrial scale, harvesting is as mechanized as possible.

In order to quickly collect berries, you can use:

1. Cherry picking machine. The principle of its work is very simple. A tarp is spread under the tree. With the help of the mechanical "hand" of the machine, the barrel is vibrated. The fruits are shredded and fall onto the fabric, and then they are sorted and packed in boxes.
2. Felix Z combine manufactured by Weremczuk FMR. Designed for mechanized harvesting of cherries and sweet cherries. The combine harvester has an arched frame and, passing through a row of trees, crushes a ripe crop from them with the help of special brushes onto a conveyor belt. The conveyor then delivers harvested crop berries in containers.

Garden care after fruiting

After harvesting, you need to spray the trees with fungicides and insecticides from diseases and pests. You can also treat the plants with a 1% solution of Bordeaux liquid.

During the summer season, watering is done two to three times a month, depending on weather conditions.

In rainy summers, trees are not irrigated to avoid stagnant water and wetting of the root collar. In autumn, water-charging irrigation is carried out, 5-6 buckets per plant.

It is necessary to make rejuvenating pruning for powerful and old cherry trees. It is not necessary to allow a strong thickening of the crown. It is necessary to cut off dry, diseased, damaged, as well as lower branches. They pull nutrients from a tree, and few fruit buds form on them.

How to feed the garden after fruiting. Many gardeners have a question: “When, and how to fertilize trees?”. Feeding should be done after harvest or before winter in order to prepare the tree for fruiting in the next season, and, as a result, get a high yield. It is more expedient to use organic fertilizers, as they in their composition have a full range of substances necessary for the plant. As a rule, one should proceed from the calculation of one bucket of compost or well-rotted manure per 1 m2 of the trunk circle. Under no circumstances should trees be fertilized. fresh manure otherwise the roots will burn out.

Mineral fertilizers can also be used. Their purpose is to feed the cherry necessary elements, such as potassium and phosphorus, for full growth, development and future fruiting. But nitrogen fertilizers are better to use in early spring in the form of root and foliar dressings. Spraying is carried out with a solution of urea (40 grams per 10 liters of water).

Cherry is the oldest fruit plant cultivated by man. A resident of the southern regions, thanks to the efforts of breeders, is now safely growing in the territories northern countries, delighting with their delicious and healthy berries.

There are a huge number of varieties and types of cherries. They are classified:

• by the color of the berries (yellow, yellow with a red side, pink, dark red);
• to taste (sweet, sweet with sourness);
• according to the density of the pulp (tender, soft or dense crispy).

early ripe

Their fragrant and juicy berries with excellent palatability reach maturity in the 2nd-3rd decade of June. The best among early varieties can be called:

Valery Chkalov. fruitful, frost-resistant variety, Has a dessert purpose suitable for canning. large fruits(7-9) g, collected on a small stalk, are heart-shaped with a dark red color. Berries with a large semi-separating stone. It has an average resistance to fungal diseases.

and the way. Frost-resistant, partially self-fertile, medium early-growing variety has an average yield, early dates maturation. The fruits are medium 5-7 g, heart-shaped with roundness and a white dot at the top. The color changes as it matures from dark red to almost black. The stone is light brown, slightly pointed on top, slightly sticking to the pulp with an average density. With an excess of moisture, the fruits crack. Iput cherries are resistant to fungal diseases. Fruiting begins in the 5th year.

Raditsa. The variety tolerates winter frosts well. High-yielding, but self-fertile, so a pollinator variety should grow nearby. The fruits are dark red. The tree is stunted with a compact crown.

Oryol amber. Variety medium winter hardiness with good yield. Berries are medium 5-6 g, with good taste, yellow-pink hue.

Mid-season

After early varieties, the turn of medium ones gradually comes:

bull heart. A variety with large pomegranate-colored fruits with a hard-to-pull-out stone, similar to a heart, weigh 8-10 g. Ripening occurs in the second half of June. The variety tolerates cold well, resistant to diseases.

Fatezh. Srednerosly plant with small berries up to 5 g, but a stable harvest. The variety is disease resistant. Fruits of a pale scarlet shade, flesh with a slight sourness.

Vasilisa. A low tree with mixed fruiting. The berries are large, up to 15 g, sweet with dense pulp. With good frost resistance. Begins to bear fruit 3 years after planting.

Surprise. A variety with medium frost resistance. With low disease damage. It tolerates drought and heat well, but can get sunburned. Large berries 10 g dark red with sour pulp. Pollinators are required.

Late

These varieties require more heat and time to ripen the fruit. They end the cherry season:

Tyutchevka. Medium height. The harvest is stable. Berries are medium scarlet 6-7 g with red pulp. They tolerate transportation well. The plant is resistant to moniliosis. Ripens early July.

record holder. The tree is high productive. The berries are large 8-10 g, creamy with a pink tint, the pulp is elastic, sweet with a medium stone. It is resistant to frost.

Regina. A low tree with the beginning of fruiting in the 3rd year after planting. Fruits are dark red large 8-10 g with a rich taste, suitable for transportation. They begin to ripen in mid-July. The plant is frost-resistant.

Napoleon. Tall tree. The fruits are large, 6-8 g, slightly oblong, heart-shaped dark red (almost black) with dense pulp, which has a sweet taste with a barely perceptible sourness. Transported without compromising quality. Sweet cherries are ready for harvest in early July.

By correctly comparing the characteristics of varieties, and these are their flowering time, yield, winter hardiness, resistance to diseases, soil requirements, you can grow an excellent crop with a minimum of effort.

Choice of cherry seedling

It depends on the choice of the seedling how the tree will grow and how it will bear fruit. For planting, 1-2 year old trees are selected with a mandatory trace of vaccination, it will be a partial guarantee of a varietal tree. The roots should not have growths and damage. Trunk with a diameter of at least 17 cm with good branching of branches - at least 3-4 in length ~ 40 cm, the bark is smooth.

Of particular importance when choosing planting plant has a good condition of the central wire trunk. It should be one - direct and strong. With 2 trunks, an adult sweet cherry has a chance of breaking due to the severity of the crop, therefore, the death of the tree.

A broken wire trunk will contribute to the development of competitors, which will have a bad effect on the development of sweet cherries.

Landing dates

You can plant sweet cherries depending on the region in spring and autumn. It is important that this happens during the rest period of the plant. In the south, seedlings are planted in autumn in September-October, the main thing is that rooting occurs before the first frost. In the northern regions in the spring before the onset of bud swelling. It is important to create an adaptation period before the onset of heat.

Planting hole preparation

Most suitable place for the growth and fruiting of sweet cherries there will be sunny southern or southwestern parts of the garden with loam or sandy loam soil. Thanks to its air and moisture permeability, quick access of fertilizers to the root system of the tree will be provided. This culture does not tolerate stagnant water.

At autumn planting The following work is expected to be carried out:

1. Site preparation. For this, fertilizers are applied per sq. m - compost (10 kg), superphosphate (180 g), potash fertilizer (100 g). Can be replaced by special complex fertilizer, then the soil is dug up. acidic soil is known a week before fertilizing;
2. On the prepared site, they dig a hole with a diameter of ~ 100 cm and a depth of at least 70 cm, while the earth is divided into the upper and lower layers and folded in different directions.
3. A rod is driven into the middle of the pit. Its purpose is to fix the seedling in a vertical position, so it should be ~ 0.5 m above the ground.
4. Deferred upper layer soil is mixed with superphosphate (200 g), potassium sulfur (60 g), ash (500 g) and compost. Part of this mixture is poured into a hole, lightly tamped, sprinkled with earth from the bottom layer, watered and left for 2 weeks to shrink.

Lime and nitrogen fertilizers are not applied during the planting of the cherry seedling, as during this period they will cause burns to the roots.

When spring planting the prepared pit at the end of October, November remains open for the winter. After the snow melts, mineral fertilizers are added to this pit in the spring; nitrogen fertilizers, which are prohibited in the fall, can also be applied. After 7-10 days, you can start planting a cherry seedling. It is produced in spring and autumn according to the same scheme:

Planting seedlings in open ground

The prepared seedling is soaked in a root solution for 8-10 hours. Next, the seedling is inspected, the damage is removed, and all roots are lightly pruned. Landing is carried out according to the rules:

• the seedling is placed in the prepared hole to the peg south side. The roots are carefully laid out on the ground with fertilizer. root collar should rise above ground level up to 7cm;
• from above, the roots are covered with soil of the lower layer;
• pour a bucket of water;
• the pit is completely filled up;
• the earth is compacted around the tree and another 1 bucket of water is poured;
• from the remaining earth make a roller along the diameter of the hole.

When planting several sweet cherries, given the large size of adult trees, seedlings should be planted on the site at a distance of up to 5 meters from each other.

Proper care of cherries

In order for cherries to please with a good and tasty harvest, they need care. They need sunny place without drafts, properly fertilized land. The basis of care is proper fit, timely watering, digging, fertilizing, pest control pruning.

Watering and fertilizing

Cherries moisture-loving plant. Active, deep watering is applied to it - moisture should reach the location of the bulk of the roots ~ 40 cm. Watering is required in June - this is the period of growth of the tree and fruits, in severe drought, in the autumn before the cold weather no more than 1 time per week. During fruit ripening, the cherries are not watered to prevent cracking of the berries. Watering also stops in the 3rd decade of July, August, so as not to delay the growth of shoots.

In order for the cherry to withstand the freezing of moisture from the crown, not to freeze in windy and frosty weather, it is necessary to remember about autumn watering.

Whether top dressing is needed is decided individually, depending on the appearance of the tree, the condition of the soil. Cherries in the fourth year and older can be fed in the 1st decade of May with the composition: superphosphate, potassium sulfate, urea, 20 g each per 1 sq. m. Having harvested, carry out foliar feeding mineral fertilizers apply organic fertilizers.

Crown shaping and pruning in two steps

Pruning is a mandatory measure for the care of cherries. With its help, a tiered crown is formed that can withstand a mass of a huge crop. The pruning process should begin with the formation of the skeleton correct form. It is held from 1 to 5 years. Gradually forming several tiers:

1. In the first year, the height of the trunk is adjusted: it is measured up to 60 cm, 4-6 buds are counted upwards, a cut is made.
2. In the second spring, the base of the first tier is formed. They will be 3-4 shoots located in different directions from the central trunk, and they are trimmed leaving 0.5 m. The stem is measured 70 cm long from this mark, counted up to 6 buds, the rest is cut off.
3. In the third spring, branches growing inside the crown or vertically are removed. Form the second tier and adjust their length. It should be up to 15 cm shorter than the branches of the 1st tier and 20 cm below the main trunk. It is measured from the beginning of the second tier by 0.5 m and cut off behind the 6th kidney.
4. In the fourth spring, the formation of the first two tiers is completed, if higher branches appear on the tree, then the third tier is formed. To do this, cut branches up to 20 cm less than the length of the central trunk.
5. In the fifth spring, work on the formation of sweet cherries is completed - it bears fruit.

Cherry pruning in two steps

summer pruning carried out in 2 stages. The first after flowering, but before fruiting. To provoke the growth of new horizontal branches, young shoots growing in an unnecessary direction are shortened. The second stage occurs at the time of the end of the collection of fruits. It consists in removing weak, broken, misdirected branches.

Harvesting and subsequent care of cherries

Harvesting begins as the berries ripen. They can be harvested in several ways - this is cutting the berries with scissors along with part of the cutting, collecting them by hand with or without cuttings. For safety, devices on a telescopic handle are used, they are collet with a grip or wire, pneumatic fruit pickers, a tulip fruit picker.

When the fruits are harvested, the trees are treated with insecticides and fungicides or Bordeaux mixture. Pruning, top dressing with organic and mineral fertilizers is carried out.

Cherry breeding

Cherries can be propagated by grafting, seeds and cuttings.

by the most effective method Cherry breeding is considered a grafting method. This method will require cuttings and rootstock. Cuttings of several varieties are cut in the fall and stored in a cold place. The rootstock is shoots, seedlings. 1-2 weeks before the start of active sap flow, copulation is performed - oblique sections up to 5 cm are made on the stock and scion, an additional cut is made up to 1 cm on both sections. The graft and stock are connected to each other in a lock, creating immobility, wrapped with a special tape or tape.

To improve the engraftment process, cuttings are taken with 2 buds, always of the same diameter as the rootstock at the grafting site.

For propagation of cherries by cuttings, it is necessary to prepare planting material- shoots with growth buds ~ 30 cm long and a substrate of peat and sand 1:1. Prepared cuttings with the lower cut parts are kept in a growth stimulator for about 12 hours. Then they are planted in a greenhouse, with a prepared substrate, deepening up to 3 cm with an interval of 5 cm. Care for them consists in frequent watering and maintaining a temperature of 25-300 C. Roots appear after 3 weeks.

Propagation by seeds of sweet cherry most often leads to the production of trees with inedible berries. This type of propagation is used to grow rootstocks that are compatible with any variety.

Diseases and pests

Cherry trees are susceptible to fungal diseases: clasterosporium, monoliosis, coccomycosis. Methods of dealing with them involve cutting out infected parts and burning them. The cleaned wound is treated.

dangerous enemies cherries are aphids: black cherry and apple-plantain. Drugs are used to get rid of plant origin. If necessary, apply insecticides.

The caterpillars of Pentecost, the cherry pipe roll, and the leaf rolls are harmful. Preventive treatment against them is best done in the spring.

Cherry berries have excellent taste, are a storehouse useful substances there is nothing more beautiful than blooming cherry tree. And in order to possess all this, you need to make a little effort and patience.

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