AT Russian Federation based on domestic experience, developed and operates State system standardization (GSS RF), which is a set of interrelated standards that define all the main aspects of practical standardization activities throughout the country.

GSS standards establish the goals and objectives of standardization, organizational issues and methodology for performing work on standardization, categories and types of regulatory documents, standardization objects, the procedure for developing, implementing, circulating standards and updating, uniform rules for constructing, presenting and formalizing standards. Such a peculiar form of legal regulation of standardization issues first appeared in the USSR back in 1968.

In connection with the collapse of the USSR in 1993, a new edition of the set of GSS standards was adopted. Changes and additions to it, in comparison with a similar set of standards of the past, bring the organization of standardization in the Russian Federation closer to international rules and take into account the realities of a market economy. These innovations are very important in light of Russia's accession to the GATT / WTO Code for standardization.

The set of standards of the GSS RF includes the following main regulations (state standards):

GOST R 1.0 - 92 “State standardization system in the Russian Federation. Basic Provisions”;

GOST R 1.2 - 97 "State standardization system of the Russian Federation. The procedure for the development of State standards”;

GOST R 1.4 - 93 "State standardization system of the Russian Federation. Industry standards, standards of enterprises, scientific, technical, engineering societies and other public associations. General Provisions".

GOST R 1.5 - 93 “State standardization system of the Russian Federation. General requirements to the construction, code, design and content of standards”;

GOST R 1.10 - 95 "State standardization system of the Russian Federation. The procedure for the development, adoption, registration of rules and recommendations for standardization, metrology, certification, accreditation and information about them. Instead of RD 50 - 113 - 83 (on the territory of the Russian Federation).

Fundamental Standard The GSS of the Russian Federation is GOST R 1.0 - 92. It is in it that the definitions of the basic concepts in the field of standardization are given, the goals and objectives of standardization are outlined, the categories of standards and objects of standardization are given.

The GSS of the Russian Federation is continuously improved and supplemented. The main principles of the formation and further development of the GSS are:

Consistency;

Complexity;

Optimality,

Dynamism.

Test questions.

What is the purpose of the State Standardization System (GSS RF)?

When did GSS first appear in our country?

Why was it necessary to revise the GSS in 1993?

What regulatory documents of the GSS do you know?

Which of the standards known to you is fundamental?

What are the main principles of GSS formation?

2.3. Basic principles of standardization according to GSS RF.

The organization of work on standardization in the country and its results in accordance with the GSS of the Russian Federation should be based on the following basic principles:

Standardization should be based on the mutual desire of all interested parties who develop, manufacture and consume products to reach agreement, taking into account the opinion of each of the parties on the management of product diversity, its quality, economy, applicability, compatibility and interchangeability, its safety for environment, life, health and property, as well as other issues of mutual interest;

The feasibility of developing a standard should be assessed in terms of its social, technical and economic necessity and acceptability in application;

Standards should be designed in such a way that they do not interfere with international trade. The development of standards should take into account drafts and take into account accepted international and regional standards, and in some cases also national standards of other countries.

When developing standards it is necessary to provide:

Compliance of the requirements of the standards with the norms of legislation, norms and rules of bodies performing the functions of state control and supervision;

Complexity of standardization of interconnected objects by harmonizing the requirements for these objects and linking the timing of the introduction of regulatory documents, optimal requirements included in the objects being developed;

The standards should replace obsolete requirements in a timely manner by periodically updating the standards to ensure their compliance with modern achievements in science, engineering and technology, advanced domestic and foreign experience;

Duplication of development of standards for identical objects of standardization at different levels of management should be avoided;

Standards should establish requirements for the main properties of the object of standardization, which can be objectively verified;

Standards should be stated clearly and clearly in order to ensure that their requirements are clearly understood.

Test questions.

1. What are the basic principles for organizing work on

standardization you know?

2. What factors should be provided when

developing standards?

Regulatory document on standardization is a document that establishes rules, principles, norms, characteristics regarding the objects of standardization, various types of activities or their results, and is available to a wide range of users.

The object of standardization are industrial and technical products, consumer goods, technological processes, forms and methods of organizing labor and production, reliable reference data on the properties of materials and substances, documentation requirements, rules for transporting and storing products, household services that are subject to or have undergone standardization.

Normative documents on standardization according to the GSS of the Russian Federation include standards, technical regulations, all-Russian classifiers of technical and economic information, as well as norms, rules and recommendations for standardization. With a certain reservation, normative documents include technical conditions. The most massive normative document on standardization is the standard.

Standard according to GOST R 1.0 - 92 - this is a normative document on standardization, developed, as a rule, on the basis of consent, characterized by the absence of objections on significant issues from the majority of interested parties, and adopted by a recognized body (organization, enterprise).

As already mentioned, depending on the object of standardization and the level of approval (acceptance) of the document, standards are distinguished by categories:

International;

Regional;

State standard of the Russian Federation (GOST R);

Interstate (GOST);

Industry standard (OST);

Standard of the scientific and technical or engineering society (STO);

Enterprise Standard (STP).

international standard - is accepted by any international (worldwide) standardization organization, such as ISO (ISO) and IEC (TEC). Status of standards adopted by ISO and IEC - advisory, voluntary.

Regional International Standard – is accepted by the international, intergovernmental, regional organization for standardization. For example, CEN standards of the European Standards Committee, ENSI of the European Telecommunications Standards Institute, etc. The status of such standards for countries that are members of regional organizations (associations) (for example, the EU) - required.

GOST – state standards former USSR, acting as inter state standards for countries - former republics that were once part of the USSR. They are applied without re-registration according to the decisions of the national committees for standardization. Essentially, GOST international standard of a regional nature. As early as January 1, 2001, more than 20 thousand GOSTs were in force in Russia and the CIS countries.

GOST R - standard of Gosstandart or Gosstroy of Russia. GOST R objects include organizational, methodological and general technical objects, products, works and services that have intersectoral, nationwide economic significance.

OST - industry standards established for objects similar to GOST R and GOST, but having purely industry value. OST is used by enterprises and organizations subordinate to the relevant federal executive body that approved the industry standard. Industry standards may set restrictions GOST and GOST R in terms of nomenclature, standard sizes, requirements, without reducing the quality and performance indicators established by state standards. Such standards are called restrictive. The fund of restrictive standards is about 40 thousand items.

HUNDRED – standards of scientific and technical, engineering societies and other public associations. STO objects are new original types of products and services, test methods, technologies, new principles of organization and management of production, etc.

STP - standards of enterprises, organizations. Developed and adopted by the enterprise itself. The object of standardization at the enterprise can be parts, components and assemblies of the products being developed, norms and rules in the field of organization and production management, norms for the development of enterprise products and calculation methods, technological norms and requirements, standard technological processes, equipment and tools. STPs can set GOST restrictions. GOST R, OST without compromising the quality of the quality indicators of the relevant product or service.

Relatively new for Russian standardization is the introduction to the list of regulatory documents technical regulations .

To regulatory documents also include:

- All-Russian classifiers of technical and economic information (OKTEI). OKTEI is a systematized code of classification groups of certain objects of classification, containing their conditional numerical codes and names. Used for products, services, documentation, and other items of nationwide economic use.

Examples of OKTEI can serve:

All-Russian classifier of products - OKP;

All-Russian classifier of enterprises and organizations - OKPO;

All-Russian classifier of management documentation - OKUD, etc. - more than 30 items.

- Rules for standardization (PR) - a regulatory document on standardization adopted by Gosstandart or Gosstroy of Russia. PRs are developed for specific production processes and their elements related to solving the problems of organizing and managing work on standardization, metrology, certification, accreditation, licensing, state supervision and control over compliance mandatory requirements technical regulations, state and interstate standards.

If PRs have been registered with the Ministry of Justice of Russia, then the requirements contained in them are mandatory.

- Norma - a normative document containing provisions that establish quantitative measures or qualitative criteria that must be satisfied in the production process.

- Specifications (TU) - a document developed by an enterprise or organization in the case when it is not practical to create a standard. The objects of technical specifications can be trial or one-time products, works of art crafts, etc.

In accordance with the Law "On Standardization", TS are classified as technical, not regulatory documents. At the same time, TS can be considered as regulations if they are referenced in contracts or agreements for the supply of products. Technical specifications are developed in accordance with GOST 2.114 - 95. The technical specifications fund has about 150 thousand items.

Test questions.

Give the definition of a normative document on standardization.

What are the objects of standardization?

What regulatory documents on the GSS RF do you know?

Define a standard.

What is the status of international standards?

What is the status of regional international standards?

What is the current state of GOST USSR?

How are OSTs applied?

What standards are called restrictive?

What is the purpose of the STO?

Who develops the STP? What is their purpose?

What are technical regulations, their purpose?

What is OKTEI, purpose?

Give examples of OKTEI.

Is it mandatory to comply with the requirements of the Rules for Standardization (PR)?

What types of documents are technical specifications?

Types of standards applied in the Russian

Federation.

The concept of " type of standard» determines the content of the standard depending on its purpose (the specifics of the object of standardization). The state standardization system establishes the following types of standards:

Fundamental standards;

Standards for products and services;

Work standards (processes);

Standards for control methods (tests, measurements, analysis).

Fundamental Standards are developed in order to ensure mutual understanding, unity of approaches and the relationship between the activities of science, technology and production. The fundamental standards also establish the principles, requirements, rules and regulations that are considered as general and should help resolve general purposes for both science and industry.

An example of a foundational standard would be a government standard that defines general provisions in the complex of standards of the state standardization system, GOST R 1.0 -92 “State standardization system. Basic Provisions".

Fundamental standards can establish scientific and technical terminology, terminology for technical aesthetics, ergonomics, requirements and norms for the technical support of technological processes (preferred numbers, accuracy classes, etc.)

Standards for products (services) establish requirements either for a specific type of product (service) or for groups of homogeneous products. There are two types of this type of standards:

Standards general specifications, which contain general requirements for groups of homogeneous products (services);

Standards specifications containing requirements for a specific product (service). For groups of homogeneous products, narrow-purpose standards can be developed: standards technical requirements, standards for labeling, packaging, transportation and storage rules.

General Specification Standards generally include the following sections: classification, basic parameters, general requirements for quality parameters, packaging, labeling, safety requirements, environmental protection requirements, product acceptance rules, transportation and storage control methods.

Specification standards establish requirements for specific products related to production, supply, operation, repair, disposal. These requirements must not conflict with the general specification standard. The specification standard contains additional requirements for the object of standardization: an indication of a trademark, a mark of conformity, if the product is certified, etc.

Work standards (processes) set to specific types of work in the development, production, operation, storage, transportation, repair, disposal in order to optimize solutions. Work standards must contain safety requirements for the life and health of the population and environmental protection during work.

Standards for methods of control (tests, measurements, analysis) are designed to provide a comprehensive verification of all mandatory requirements for the quality of products (services). The methods of control established in the standards must be accurate, objective and provide reproducible and comparable results.

Test questions.

1. List the types of standards.

2. What is the purpose of the fundamental standards?

3. What types of product standards do you know?

4. What sections contain the standards of general specifications?

How are specification standards different from general specification standards?

What are work standards?

What are control standards for?

Composition and obligatory requirements of normative documents.

Regulations may contain obligatory requirements subject to unconditional execution in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation and voluntary(alternative) requirements and provisions.

When developing new products, technological processes, when certifying products and works, state standards GOST and GOST R are most widely used as reference regulatory documents for standardization.

In list mandatory requirements standards should include:

Requirements for products, works and services for their safety for the environment, fire safety, safety and industrial sanitation;

Requirements for technical and information compatibility, as well as interchangeability of products;

Basic consumer (operational) characteristics of products, methods of their control, requirements for packaging, labeling, transportation, storage, use and disposal of products;

Rules and norms that ensure technical and informational unity in the development, production, operation of products, performance of work and provision of services, incl. rules for drawing up technical documentation, tolerances and landings, general rules for ensuring the quality of products, works and services, conservation and rational use of all types of resources, terms and their definitions, symbols, metrological and other general technical and organizational and technical rules and norms.

To voluntary requirements GOST and GOST R include requirements that characterize consumer and other properties of products that are not specified by the above mandatory requirements of the standards. The manufacturer (supplier) and the consumer determine the fulfillment of voluntary requirements independently when concluding contracts for the development and supply of products (works, services).

For non-compliance mandatory requirements of standards, legal entities and individuals, government bodies in accordance with the Law of the Russian Federation "On Standardization" are administrative, civil or criminal liability. Such a breach will result in fine. A fine is also provided for evading the presentation of products, information about it and documentation to state supervision bodies.

According to the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, since January 1, 1997, special criminal liability has been established for deceiving the buyer regarding the consumer properties or quality of goods (services) determined by the terms of the contract, as well as for the production or sale of goods that do not meet safety requirements.

Violation of the mandatory requirements of state standards by business entities is detected by the services state supervision and control, which are part of the Gosstandart of Russia as independent structures.

Test questions.

What are the requirements and provisions contained in regulatory documents?

What documents are commonly used as references when developing new products?

What are the requirements for standards?

What are the voluntary requirements?

What is the responsibility for non-compliance with mandatory requirements?

3.3.3. Application of national standards

The application of a national standard is the use of a specified normative document in various types activities (for example, in production, trade), as well as as an evidence base for TR.

The sectoral structure of the national standards fund is shown in fig. 17.

The sale of products (goods) is carried out in accordance with contracts (deliveries or retail sales), one of the conditions of which is necessarily a quality condition. Therefore, the supply contract includes a condition on the compliance of products (services) with the mandatory requirements of safety standards.

Rice. 17.

The application of the national standard is confirmed in accordance with Art. 22 of the Federal Law on technical regulation with a mark of compliance with the national standard (see Fig. 37) in the manner determined by GOST R 1.9-2004 "Mark of compliance with the national standard of the Russian Federation. Image. Application procedure."

The mark of conformity is a form of informing purchasers and other interested parties of information about the compliance of a particular product with the requirements of national standards for this product. Conformity assessment is carried out at the initiative of the applicant in the form of voluntary certification.

The use of the mark of conformity to the national standard is the labeling of directly products, containers, packaging, shipping documentation attached to products received by the purchaser upon sale.

It was noted above that the purpose of standardization is to promote compliance with the requirements of the TR. The Federal Law on technical regulation (1.1) states that the national standardization body (Rosstandart) approves and publishes in a printed publication federal body executive power(magazine "Bulletin of technical regulation") a list of national standards and codes of practice that can be applied on a voluntary basis to comply with the requirements of TR. The described method of pointing to a document is called indirect link.

A number of CIS countries (taking into account world experience) in legislative acts on technical regulation provided directly in the TR links to standards, codes of practice. Here it comes about direct links.

Summing up the information on the application of national standards, we indicate the cases when the application of national standards or their individual provisions becomes mandatory.

1. During the transitional period, the requirements enshrined in national product standards are mandatory (up to the adoption of the relevant technical regulations), if they are established in order to protect the life or health of citizens; protecting the property of individuals or legal entities, state or municipal property; protection of life or health of animals and plants. Products that are subject to the mandatory requirements of national standards are included in the List of Products approved by the Government of the Russian Federation.

2. For all subjects economic activity, if it is provided for in the TR or other normative legal documents (providing references to national standards).

An example would be a list of national standards and codes of practice, resulting in application of which on a mandatory basis compliance is ensured federal law"Technical regulations on the safety of buildings and structures" (see Appendix 2).

3. If the national standards contain the rules and test methods necessary for the implementation of the adopted TR and the implementation of conformity assessment.

4. For participants in an agreement (contract, agreement) regarding the development, manufacture or supply of products, if a reference is made to national standards (any voluntary document included in a civil contract becomes mandatory).

5. If products manufactured according to the requirements of the national standard are supplied for state needs (according to the Federal Law "On placing orders for the supply of goods, performance of work, provision of services for state and municipal needs").

6. If national metrology standards (see about the 8. GSI system in Chapter 3 of this textbook) are used to ensure the uniformity of measurements in the field state regulation(in accordance with the Federal Law "On Ensuring the Uniformity of Measurements").

In situations 1, 2, 3 national standards as documents voluntary application are transformed into documents of mandatory execution, since they act as a means of proving the object's compliance with mandatory requirements. The list of standards and sets of rules applied on a mandatory basis, as mentioned above, is approved by a decree of the Government of the Russian Federation.

In situations 4, 5, 6, the objects of national standards belong to the border areas where the scope of technical regulation intersects with other legally regulated areas.

Unfortunately, the Federal Law on Technical Regulation does not provide for the mandatory status of certain types of national standards. In the practice of technical regulation of any country, there are areas in which there is no alternative regarding the choice of standard. The fact is that the intrusion into the domestic practice of rationing foreign standards with their own technical standards violates the sovereignty of Russia: according to Art. 71 of the Constitution standards are subject to federal jurisdiction.

These are, first of all, the fundamental standards in the GOST R 1 system "Standardization in the Russian Federation".

General technical standards for information (for example, for labeling products) should acquire a mandatory status, since they are aimed at achieving such a goal of technical regulation as preventing actions that mislead purchasers.

The scientific and technical community has high hopes for the adoption of the Federal Law on standardization, which will establish the mandatory status of the above-mentioned sets of national standards.

In connection with the principle of non-alternativeness, such a category of DS as recommendations may become but the status binding document. It's about, for example, about recommendations (4.11, 4.12) for filling in the forms of the certificate of conformity and the forms of the declaration of conformity with the requirements of technical regulations.

3.3.4. Information about national standards and technical regulations

Information about the documents on standardization. National standards, as well as information about their development, should be available to interested parties. The official publication in accordance with the established procedure of these documents is carried out by the national standardization body. Government of the Russian Federation in accordance with Art. 44 of the Federal Law on Technical Regulation, in Decree No. 500 of August 15, 2003, approved the Regulations on the Federal Information Fund of Technical Regulations and Standards and the Unified Information System for Technical Regulation.

Federal information fund of technical regulations and standards. This Fund consists of technical regulations, documents of the national standardization system, international standards, standardization rules, standardization norms and recommendations for standardization, national standards of other countries. The said Fund is state information resource. The procedure for creating and maintaining this Fund, the rules for using it are established by the Government of the Russian Federation.

In the Russian Federation, in the manner and under the conditions established by the Government of the Russian Federation, a Unified Information System is created and operates, designed to ensure stakeholders information about the documents included in the Federal Information Fund of Technical Regulations and Standards.

Interested parties are provided with free access to the created information resources, except in cases where, in the interests of maintaining secrets (state, official or commercial), such access should be limited.

Because national standards and all-Russian classifiers are accepted by the federal executive body - Gosstandart, then they are official documents. "The exclusive right to publish national standards, all-Russian classifiers of technical, economic and social information (OK TESI) belongs to the Gosstandart agency as the body accepting these documents.

In case of violation of this prohibition, Gosstandart has the right to recover damages from the guilty party in accordance with the norms of civil law.

Users receive information about the current national standards, their validity periods, changes to them through annual and monthly information indexes "National standards of the Russian Federation".

Type of standard- a characteristic determined by its content depending on the object of standardization.

GOST R 1.0 - 2004 “Standardization in the Russian Federation. Basic Provisions” established the following main types of standards:

Standards are fundamental;

Product standards;

Service standards;

Standards for processes (works);

Standards for methods of control;

Standards for terms and definitions.

Fundamental standard - a standard that has a wide scope and / or contains general provisions for a certain area.

The parent standard can be applied directly as a standard or serve as a basis for the development of other standards and other normative or technical documents.

The above definition of a fundamental standard has a broad and a narrow meaning. The fundamental standard in a broad sense includes the following objects of intersectoral significance: the system "Standardization in the Russian Federation", the system "Unified System for Design Documentation", units of measurement, terms of intersectoral significance (quality management, product reliability, packaging), etc.

The fundamental standard in the narrow sense is a backbone standard that defines general provisions in the “chain” of standards for a particular system, for example: GOST R 1.0-2004 “Standardization in the Russian Federation. Basic Provisions”; GOST R 50779.0-95 “Statistical methods. Basic Provisions”; SNiP 10.01-94 “The system of regulatory documents in construction. Basic Provisions".

There are two subspecies of standards - organizational and methodological and general technical.

When standardizing organizational, methodological and general technical objects, provisions are established that ensure technical unity in the development, production, operation of products and the provision of services, for example: organization of work on standardization; development and production of products for production; rules for drawing up technical, managerial, information and bibliographic documentation; general rules product quality assurance and other general technical rules.

Fundamental organizational and methodological standards establish general organizational and technical provisions for carrying out work in a certain area (for example, GOST R 1.2-2004 "Standardization in the Russian Federation. Rules for the development, approval, updating and cancellation").

Fundamental general technical standards establish: scientific and technical terms reused in science, technology, production; conventions various objects of standardization - codes, labels, symbols (for example, GOST 14192-96 "Marking of goods"); requirements for ensuring the uniformity of measurements (GOST R 8.000-2000 "State system for ensuring the uniformity of measurements"), etc.

Product Standard - a standard that specifies the requirements that a product or group of similar products must satisfy in order to ensure that it is suitable for its intended purpose.

The following main subtypes of standards are developed for products: 1) standard of general technical conditions; 2) specification standard. In the first case, the standard contains general requirements for groups of homogeneous products, in the second - for specific products. These standards generally include the following sections: classification, basic parameters and (or) dimensions; general technical requirements; acceptance rules; marking, packing, transportation, storage. For groups of homogeneous products, narrow-purpose standards can be developed: standards for technical requirements; acceptance rules standards; standards for labeling, packaging, transportation and storage rules.

Process standards establish requirements for the performance of various types of work at individual stages life cycle products (services) - development, manufacture, storage, transportation, operation, disposal to ensure their technical unity and optimality.

Standards for storage methods play an important role in trade food products and pre-sale preparation of goods, for example: 1) GOST 26907 - 86 “Sugar. Conditions long-term storage»; 2) GOST 7595 - 79 “Meat. Cutting beef for retail.

Standards for work (processes) must contain safety requirements for the life and health of the population and environmental protection natural environment during technological operations.

On the present stage great importance acquire standards for management processes within the framework of quality assurance systems for products (services) - management of documentation, procurement of products, training of personnel, etc. We are talking about standards for quality management systems.

Standards for methods of control must first of all provide a comprehensive check of all mandatory requirements for the quality of products (services). The control methods specified in the standards must be objective, accurate and provide reproducible results. The fulfillment of these conditions largely depends on the presence in the standard of information about the measurement error and other characteristics provided by the set of standards based on international ISO standards.

Lack of information about the error can lead to erroneous conclusions about the suitability of the tested products. For example, in GOST for vodka, the maximum allowable value of aldehydes is set to 8.0 mg / dm 3. Suppose, when testing a batch, 7.0 mg / dm 3 was obtained. If we do not take into account the error of the measurement result (it is not normalized in the standard), then we can conclude that vodka is suitable for this indicator. But, according to experts, the measurement error can reach 25-30%. Therefore, the actual value of the concentration of aldehydes lies in the range from 5 to 9 mg/dm 3 . Thus, there is a significant likelihood that the decision on the suitability of vodka will turn out to be erroneous and the consumer will receive a product that is harmful due to the increased concentration of aldehydes.

For each method, depending on the specifics of its implementation, the following are established: a) test tools and auxiliary devices; b) the procedure for preparing for testing; c) the procedure for conducting tests; d) rules for processing test results; e) rules for registration of test results; e) allowable test error.

In connection with widespread falsification of goods on the world market and in Russia in particular, it is very important to introduce standards that allow for the identification of products and thereby identify counterfeit products. In particular, in 2002 GOSTs were put into effect for the identification of a number of groups food products- dairy and milk-containing products, natural instant coffee, sugar industry products, etc.

Standards can be of a narrow purpose - checking one quality indicator (for example, a standard for the method for determining the vapor permeability of pure wool and half-woolen fabrics) or a wide purpose - checking a set of indicators (a standard for test methods for silk and half-silk piece goods).

Practice mandatory certification necessitated the development of standards mixed type- standards for products and methods of control, in particular standards for safety requirements for products (services) and methods of safety control. Example: GOST 25779 “Toys. General safety requirements and control methods”.

Service standard establishes the requirements that a group of homogeneous services (tourism services, transport services) or specific services (classification of hotels, freight transport) must satisfy in order to ensure that the service is suitable for its purpose.

Standard for terms and definitions- a standard that establishes the terms, to which definitions are given, containing the necessary and sufficient features of the concept.

Terminological standards perform one of the main tasks of standardization - ensuring mutual understanding between all parties interested in the object of standardization.

Development of national standards (NS)

The procedure for the development and approval of standards is carried out in accordance with the Federal Law "On Technical Regulation" according to the following general scheme:

1. The national standardization body develops and approves a program for the development of national standards.

The developer of the standard organizes the notification of the development of the National Assembly, which should contain information about the provisions in the project and those that differ from the provisions of the relevant international standards. The developer of the National Assembly ensures the availability of the project to interested parties for review.

2. The developer finalizes the draft National Assembly taking into account the comments received from interested parties, conducts a public discussion of the draft. The period of public discussion of the draft National Assembly may not be less than two months.

3. The draft National Assembly, along with a list of comments received in writing, is submitted to the Technical Committee (TC) for standardization, which organizes the examination this project

Based on the results of the examination, the TC prepares a reasoned proposal for the approval or rejection of the draft National Assembly. This proposal is sent to the national standardization body, which makes a decision based on the documents submitted by the TC.

Notification of approval of the National Assembly is subject to publication in the printed edition of the federal executive body for technical regulation and in the information system common use in electronic-digital form within 30 days from the date of approval of the National Assembly.

4. National standardization body approves and publishes in the printed publication of the federal executive body for technical regulation and in the information system mentioned above a list of NS that can be used on a voluntary basis to comply with the requirements of the TR.

The procedure for developing and adopting standards is regulated by GOST R 1.2-2004 “Standardization in the Russian Federation. Development rules. Statements. Updates and Cancellations.

Rules for the designation of standards. The designation of the standard consists of the GOST R index, the registration number and four digits of the year of approval (acceptance) of the standard separated from it.

If the national standard is included in the system (complex) of general technical or organizational and methodological standards, then its designation additionally includes a one-, two-digit code of the standards system, separated from the rest of the digital part of the designation by a dot.

Normative documents on standardization in the Russian Federation are established Law of the Russian Federation "On standardization". These include : State standards of the Russian Federation (GOST R); applied in accordance with legal regulations international, regional standards, as well as rules, norms and recommendations for standardization; all-Russian classifiers of technical and economic information; industry standards; enterprise standards; standards of scientific, technical, engineering societies and other public associations. Until now, the standards of the former USSR also apply, if they do not contradict the legislation of the Russian Federation.

In addition to standards, normative documents are also ETC – standardization rules, R – recommendations for standardization and THAT - technical conditions. A special requirement is imposed on regulatory documents for products that, according to Russian legislation subject to mandatory certification. They should indicate the requirements for the product (service) that are confirmed through certification, as well as the methods of control (tests) that should be used to establish compliance, the rules for labeling such products and the types of accompanying documentation.

Consider the content of Russian regulatory documents.

State standards are developed for products, works and services, the needs for which are intersectoral in nature. The standards of this category are accepted Gosstandart of Russia , and if they relate to the field of construction, architecture, building materials industry - Gosstroy of Russia.

The state standards contain both mandatory requirements for the object of standardization and recommendations.

Mandatory include:

– safety of a product, service, process for human health, the environment, property, as well as industrial safety and sanitary norms;

– technical and information compatibility and interchangeability products;

– unity of control methods and unity of labeling.

Safety requirements are of particular relevance, since product safety is the main aspect of conformity certification. Mandatory requirements must be observed by state authorities and all business entities, regardless of the form of ownership.

The safety requirements in the standards include: electrical safety, fire safety, explosion safety, radiation safety, maximum allowable concentrations of chemicals and pollutants; safety in the maintenance of machinery and equipment; requirements to protective equipment and safety measures (guards, machine stops, blocking devices, alarms, etc.).

In the standards for certain types products can be given characteristics such as Hazard Class; permissible levels of dangerous and harmful production factors arising from the operation of equipment; the effect of a substance on a person etc.

The standards indicate all types and norms of permissible danger regarding a particular product or group of homogeneous products. They are designed with the expectation of the safety of the object of standardization during the entire period of its use (service life).

The customer and the contractor are obliged to include in the contract conditions on the compliance of the subject of the contract with the mandatory requirements of state standards.

Other requirements of state standards may be recognized as mandatory in contractual situations or if there is a corresponding indication in technical documentation the manufacturer (supplier) of products, as well as the service provider. These requirements include the main consumer (operational) characteristics of products and methods for their control; requirements for packaging, transportation, storage and disposal of the product; rules and regulations regarding production development and operation; rules for drawing up technical documentation, metrological rules and norms, etc.

According to the rules and procedures of mandatory certification, compliance with mandatory requirements is confirmed by tests. Compliance of a product (service) with other requirements can be confirmed in accordance with the legal provisions on voluntary certification.

In some cases, if it is reasonable and necessary to provide more high level competitiveness of domestic goods, the standards can be set prospective (preliminary) requirements, that are ahead of the possibilities traditional technologies. On the one hand, this does not contradict the provision on preliminary standards set out above, and on the other hand, serves incentive for the introduction of new, advanced technological processes at domestic enterprises.

Industry standards developed in relation to the products of a particular industry. Their requirements should not contradict the mandatory requirements of state standards, as well as the rules and safety standards established for the industry. Accept such standards by government authorities (for example, ministries) that are responsible for compliance with the requirements of industry standards with mandatory requirements GOST R.

The objects of industry standardization can be: products, processes and services used in the industry; rules concerning the organization of work on industry standardization; typical designs of products for industry applications (tools, fasteners, etc.); metrological assurance rules in the industry. The range of applicability of industry standards is limited to enterprises subordinated to government agency management that has adopted this standard. On a voluntary basis, it is possible to use these standards by business entities of other subordination. The degree of obligation to comply with the requirements of the industry standard is determined by the enterprise that applies it, or by agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer. Control over the implementation of mandatory requirements is organized by the department that has adopted this standard.

Enterprise standards developed and adopted by the enterprise itself. The objects of standardization in this case are usually the components of the organization and management of production, the improvement of which is the main goal of standardization at this level. In addition, standardization in an enterprise may also affect the products manufactured by this enterprise. Then the objects of the enterprise standard will be the components of the product, technological equipment and tools, general technological norms for the production process of these products. Enterprise standards may contain requirements for various types of internal services.

Law of the Russian Federation "On standardization" recommends using standardization at the enterprise for the development by this particular enterprise of state, international, regional standards, as well as for regulating the requirements for raw materials, semi-finished products, etc. purchased from other organizations. This category of standards is mandatory for an enterprise that has adopted this standard. But if in the contract for the development, production, supply of a product or the provision of services there is a reference to the enterprise standard, it becomes mandatory for all business entities - participants in such an agreement.

Standards of public associations (scientific and technical, engineering societies, etc.). These regulatory documents are developed, as a rule, for fundamentally new types of products, processes or services; advanced testing methods, as well as non-traditional technologies and production management principles. Through their standards, public associations dealing with these problems pursue the goal of disseminating promising, noteworthy results of world scientific and technological achievements, fundamental and applied research.

For business entities, the standards of public associations serve as an important source of information about advanced achievements and, by the decision of the enterprise itself, are adopted on a voluntary basis for the use of certain provisions in the development of enterprise standards.

Both the standards of enterprises and the standards of public associations should not contradict Russian legislation, and if their content concerns the safety aspect, then the drafts of these standards should be agreed with the state supervision authorities. Responsibility for this is borne by the economic entities that accepted them.

Standardization rules ( ETC) and recommendations for standardization ( R) by their nature correspond to the normative documents of the methodological content. They may relate to the procedure for harmonizing regulatory documents, submitting information about the adopted standards of industries, societies and other organizations to the State Standard of the Russian Federation, creating a standardization service at an enterprise, rules for conducting state control over compliance with the mandatory requirements of state standards and many other organizational issues. ETC and R are developed, as a rule, by organizations and subdivisions subordinate to the State Standard of the Russian Federation or the State Construction Committee of the Russian Federation. The draft of these documents is discussed with interested parties, approved and published by these committees.

Specifications ( THAT) are developed by enterprises and other business entities in the case when it is not practical to create a standard. object THAT there may be one-off products produced in small batches, as well as works of art, etc. Acceptance procedure THAT for other regulatory documents differs from that described above.

In accordance with Law "On standardization" THAT referred to technical, not normative documents. At the same time, it was found that THAT are considered as normative documents if they are referred to in contracts or agreements for the supply of products. Feature of the approval procedure THAT consists in the fact that during the acceptance of new products manufactured in accordance with their requirements, they are finally agreed with the acceptance committee. But to imagine THAT acceptance committee at the time of acceptance, a preliminary distribution of the draft specifications and supplementary documentation is required to those organizations whose representatives will participate in the acceptance of products. THAT are considered finally agreed upon if an acceptance certificate for an experimental batch (or prototype). This also solves the issue of the possibility of producing an industrial batch of products. In cases where the enterprise decides to manufacture products without an acceptance commission, THAT must be agreed with the client.

Those requirements and norms are not subject to agreement in both cases. THAT which are mandatory. In that case, in specifications reference is made to the corresponding state standard. Approval rules THAT leave them to the developer to decide the issue of agreement with the customer, if this document was created on its own initiative.

Accepts THAT their developer (head or deputy head of the organization) without specifying the period of validity, except in certain cases when the customer (consumer) of the product is interested in this.