Solid combustion boilers. Heating boilers for long burning on solid fuel: distinctive features, features, advantages

Intensive suburban housing construction, which in last years is gaining momentum, putting forward more and more new requirements for types of heating equipment. Organization autonomous heating, completely independent of centralized sources, presents owners with a choice. As an alternative to gas water heating, solid fuel boilers are increasingly being used today. Modern models of such heating equipment have high technological characteristics and are economical. The only nuance that makes consumers think before choosing a model of a heating device is the need for frequent loading heating equipment fuel material.

The practicality of heating equipment during operation plays for us, if not the main, then definitely the leading role. A gas boiler, electric heaters are almost completely autonomous heating devices, while solid fuel boilers require the constant presence of a person. The real way out of this situation will be the installation in your own house of a solid fuel boiler with an upper combustion function. Let's take a closer look at what this type of heating device is, what are the design features of the unit.

The main motives that make us pay attention to the heating boilers of the upper burning

Service frequency is a generalizing value that characterizes any household appliances. For heating heaters, this parameter is one of the key. IN heating season the boiler is forced to work regularly, heating the living quarters and providing the inhabitants of the house hot water for household needs. Solid fuel boilers today are highly efficient, powerful and energy efficient. The fuel used for the operation of the units, firewood, coal, fuel briquettes and pellets are quite affordable. The choice depends only on the model of the solid fuel appliance and the cost of fuel.

IN cold period from solid fuel units there is a real benefit. This applies not only to the efficient and high-quality operation of the autonomous heating system, but also significant savings own budget. With so many advantages, solid fuel boilers have one significant disadvantage. It is about the need to personally participate in its service.

Preparing the unit for work and it are planned activities that need to be carried out, albeit regularly, but not as often as it seems. The main problem for this equipment that has to be faced is the regular loading of fuel. The frequency of loading fuel depends on the type of heater and on climatic conditions outside the window. Regardless of whether you will heat your boiler with coal or wood, you will have to throw fuel into the furnace.

For reference: a traditional solid fuel boiler that runs on wood or coal, where it is not technically possible to carry out automatic feed fuel into the combustion chamber, requires from 2 to 8 loads per day. The intensity of heating, the quality of the fuel resource and the power of the boiler determine the number of loads.

Assessing the amount of trouble ahead with a solid fuel device, many residents of private houses prefer top-loading boilers. Such equipment will provide more personal freedom to the inhabitants of the house. Instead of the role of a stoker and fireman, you will only have to enjoy coziness and comfort.

The main feature of heating boilers with an upper combustion method

Taking into account the difficulties with the maintenance of solid fuel heaters, manufacturers decided not only to use new technologies in the design of heating equipment, but also to return to traditional technologies. The main task that was solved in the process of modernization of boiler equipment is to increase the duration of fuel combustion of one load. Receive given result succeeded due to the use of the principle of upper combustion in solid fuel boilers.

The technology of the boiler operation due to the upper combustion is not something fundamentally new. The fuel loaded into the furnace burns from top to bottom. Those. on the contrary, not like in boilers traditional look. Combustion starts from the uppermost layer, where the necessary air flow is supplied through a movable distributor. As the fuel mass burns out, the air distributor falls down under its own weight, providing combustion to the next layer. The loaded fuel thus burns evenly layer by layer, releasing large volume combustible wood gas.

At this stage, the temperature in the furnace of the unit reaches 450 0 C.

At this stage, the principle of pyrolysis comes into play. The smallest products of combustion, together with the emitted wood gas, completely burn out, releasing a huge amount of thermal energy. As a result of the operation of the unit, there is practically no fuel residue left in the combustion chamber.

For reference: Pyrolysis is an exothermic reaction, as a result of which decomposition occurs under the influence of high temperature. organic compounds, followed by the release of fuel gaseous substance. The main heating of a solid fuel boiler in the combustion process is carried out by burning wood gas.

Wood (pyrolysis) gas enters the second chamber through a metal disk, where it ignites due to the injected hot air. The combustion temperature in the second furnace at this moment reaches huge values, 500-800 0 C. Everything is simple and clear. The main thing is the design of the heating apparatus.

The burning rate of the fuel depends on the combustion process. In heating equipment of the classical type, firewood is burned quickly enough, giving out the maximum possible heat in a short period of time. In other words, within a short period the unit reaches the peak of its power, after which, without further fuel lining, the boiler begins to lose load. It is not always convenient and physically possible to constantly load a new portion of firewood. Solid fuel boilers with top loading work in a completely different way. One download with such a device can be enough for 12, 24 or more hours of work. The intensity of combustion depends on the load on the heating system.

Everything is simple and clear. The main thing is the design of the heating apparatus.

Boiler design with top loading

Heating equipment with top loading, has a design similar to a candle. A solid fuel boiler of this type has a vertically standing cylinder-shaped body. The vertical arrangement is determined by the principle of operation of the unit, in addition, the body in this device is two-layer, playing the role of a heat exchanger. Between the outer and inner walls, boiler water circulates from top to bottom, receiving heat as a result of the combustion of pyrolysis gas.

The principle of operation also determines the location of the loading chamber. Above it there is an air heating chamber, through which the air distributor moves up and down. In the lower part of the apparatus there is an ash pan, the place where the minimum amount of residual combustion products enters.

On the this moment manufacturers produce solid fuel appliances long burning in two versions:

units consuming firewood and fuel briquettes;
devices operating on coal, wood and fuel briquettes.

In most cases, manufacturers declare the duration of the boiler from one load directly in the technical documentation for the heating boiler. As a rule, these terms vary from 24 to 48 hours when working on wood and briquettes, up to 3-5 days when loading the boiler with coal.

For reference: In many ways, the duration of combustion of the fuel material is influenced by the quality of the fuel. Hardwood firewood (birch, oak, beech, ash) burns for a long time, while emitting a large number of heat. wood conifers burns more intensively, respectively, the life of the boiler on pine wood will be much less.

In addition to firewood, briquettes and coal, secondary woodworking products can be used to operate this type of heater. When choosing the type of fuel resource, it is necessary to take into account its availability. A single load will require up to 30-50 kg of finished fuel from you. The power of the boiler determines the height of the bookmark. IN different models this parameter varies between 600-1500mm. As for power, here the spread of parameters is even greater. Today, boilers for autonomous heating with a capacity of 8,10,20 and 40 kW are produced.

Top loading heater control system

We sorted out the question regarding the principle of operation of the boiler and the method of loading. Everything is clear and accessible here. What the control system of such equipment looks like, we will consider further. In long-burning boilers, the main control principle is based on the regulation of the air flow entering the combustion chamber. Models, which are conventional units, have to adjust the air masses mechanical device. A conventional damper, which has a chain drive, is actuated as a result of the operation of the thermostat. However, this method has one critical technical drawback.

The thermostat is set to a specific temperature regime. When the coolant is heated to a certain temperature, the damper takes a certain position, reducing the intensity of combustion. Achieving a sharp decrease in temperature is not possible due to the large inertia of the operating unit. By inertia, the coolant will continue to heat up for some time, working on the heating system.

A similar principle of operation is associated with an increase in the temperature of heating the boiler water. Until the boiler reaches its rated power, the coolant temperature will rise very slowly.

The situation is different with units that are equipped with a fan. An electrical appliance pumps air if necessary, increasing the intensity of combustion. Due to the air blower, it is possible to reduce the inertia of the heating equipment for long burning. Turning the blower on and off is controlled by automation, which is equipped with sensors that record the slightest changes in the temperature of the coolant.

If technologically necessary, the fan can be stopped, leaving the smoldering fuel on a meager oxygen ration. Air will enter the furnace naturally. Such a scheme allows you to reduce the temperature of the coolant during a breakthrough, a phenomenon that is caused by inertial processes in the operation of the heating unit.

On a note: it will take from 0.5 to 1 hour for the heating boiler to return to normal operation. If you want to turn off the heating, an expansion tank connected to a single heating circuit is switched on. With the help of a tank, excess heat from the cooling boiler is compensated. The time for complete cooling of a solid fuel boiler for long burning can be 2-5 hours.

Conclusion. Advantages and disadvantages of this equipment

Having become acquainted with the design of solid fuel top combustion units and the principle of operation, we can safely talk about the advantages of such heating equipment. In more detail, the main advantages are as follows:

long intervals between successive downloads;
high efficiency (80%);
convenient and easy way to manage;
a minimum of electronics for the automation system;
conventional models are non-volatile devices;
high level of technological safety;
long service life (10-15 years).

The main disadvantage of this technique is inertia. Unlike gas boilers and solid fuel equipment, which operate on a different principle, solid fuel boilers are less flexible in terms of operation and technology. Much in the operation of upper combustion boilers depends on the quality of the fuel. Firewood used in the firebox must have the appropriate moisture content. Sometimes there are problems in the operation of boilers associated with the completeness of the load.

Living outside the city is the dream of every city dweller. Peace and quiet, the absence of a large number of cars and people, as well as autonomy in providing communication systems attract many. But it should be noted that really high-quality living conditions in a country house can only be ensured by choosing the right equipment for the heating system.

The basis of any heating system is the boiler - it is the choice of such a unit that special attention should be paid. The choice of equipment on the domestic market is simply amazing, heating units with a variety of operating principles are presented. At the same time, against the background of all equipment, long-burning solid fuel heating boilers with increased productivity, high heat transfer and low cost stand out.

Heat sources of long-term combustion: features, design

Heating boilers long burning on wood - an absolutely innovative type of heating technology, reliable and practical devices, the installation of which will provide optimal conditions for living in the house. Using affordable fuel, the cost of which is much lower than the same gas, you can significantly save on heating, achieve maintenance optimum temperature in a house of any size.

Modern units that run on solid fuels and use the principle of long burning work quite simply - the same firewood, coal or peat do not burn, but smolder in the furnace. This process is maximally slowed down, since a limited amount of oxygen enters the combustion chamber.

In addition, when compared with conventional equipment, in specialized boilers, fuel smolders in much larger volumes, which makes it possible to obtain gas with high rates warmth.

It should be noted that the gas obtained as a result of smoldering fuel enters the combustion chamber of the boiler under high pressure where it ignites. The process of combustion of gas occurs under the influence of oxygen. Also, various unburned residues, such as soot or heavy compounds, burn out in the combustion chamber.

Technical characteristics of heat sources

Currently, solid fuel boilers for long burning on coal, wood, peat are not a problem to purchase. A wide range of all kinds of equipment is presented on the domestic market, differing from each other in performance indicators, outlet temperature and power. In addition, the overall dimensions and weight of the units can be different.

Advice. Solid fuel heating units that run on coal emit a fairly large amount of smoke containing ash and soot. As a consequence, if the choice fell on such devices, then it is important to ensure efficient work ventilation systems.

It should be noted that today for all types of furnace units there is a certain average instruction, indicators and performance characteristics:

The working pressure of all equipment is about 1 atm;

The minimum temperature of the water that enters the boiler is 5C;
The temperature of the coolant at the outlet of the boiler is 80C;
The average power of heat sources is 100 kW (there are models with large operating power parameters);
The duration of work from loading one batch of solid fuel into the furnace is at least 11 hours;
Efficiency - not less than 89 percent. Often, for all boilers using the smoldering process, this coefficient is the same, but much also depends on the humidity and type of fuel;
The temperature of the exhaust gases that go "into the pipe" is not more than 270C.

Read here.

The main types of long-burning boilers

Heating boilers for long-term combustion on wood, coal or peat can be divided into several categories according to the method of obtaining heat:

classic units. Their principle of operation boils down to the fact that the heat released during the combustion of fuel heats the antifreeze or other coolant of the building's heating system;
pyrolysis equipment. Absolutely innovative technology is used. The main source of heat is firewood, which, under the influence of high smoldering temperatures (200-800C), decomposes into charcoal and gas. The released gas mixes with oxygen and burns, thereby releasing the heat needed to heat the coolant.

The maximum performance of pyrolysis boilers is achieved when they operate on dry wood. Also, in this case, it is possible to provide the highest efficiency (fuel burns completely), good heat transfer performance.

The main advantages of long burning boilers

Modern powerful and reliable solid fuel long-burning heating boilers are equipment that has a lot of advantages. Among the main advantages of heat sources in this category are:

High performance, good heat transfer;
Nice appearance, variety model range. Our website contains a number of photo and video devices that can be safely installed in the interior various premises, including a residential building;
Simple adjustment of the combustion process. Each owner of such long-burning equipment, depending on the situation, can regulate the heating temperature and other parameters with his own hands;
Ability to automate the process. Many boilers are equipped with special control panels and other devices, thanks to which you can both regulate the operation of equipment and signal the occurrence of emergencies;

Low price of fuel used in machinery. The same firewood, coal or peat at the moment are much cheaper than gas that is familiar to everyone. Yes, and there is no centralized connection to the main gas pipeline - the boilers operate completely autonomously.

Outcome

A heat generator using the principle of long burning is the best choice for a private house or any other object. Such equipment has a very low cost, unique efficiency indicators, they are economical and can work without failures for a long time.

In our time, more and more to replace various types stoves that need constant fuel lining come long-burning solid fuel boilers. The main advantage of such heaters is that the heat supplied to the room is distributed for a long time, without requiring solid fuel replenishment.

Long-burning solid fuel boilers have a special design in which a special chamber is installed for burning the gas released during the combustion process.

Principle of operation Such a boiler is based on the fact that the fuel does not burn with a bright flame, but slowly smolders, releasing a large amount of heat. Special ventilation pumps, which turn on automatically, remove excess oxygen from the boiler furnace.

The amount of oxygen required for the combustion process decreases, and the combustion process itself turns into a smoldering process. The result is noticeable savings not only your time, but also the fuel itself, which, to put it mildly, does not become cheaper over the years.

The design of the long-burning boiler provides for an afterburning compartment, which makes the device not only economical, but also environmentally friendly, because. toxic products emitted as a result of the operation of the boiler are almost completely destroyed in this very compartment.

The device of the long-burning boiler Stropuva

The main types of long-burning solid fuel boilers

1. Classic boiler

In this type of boilers, heat is released from the burning fuel, entering into.

2. Pyrolysis boiler

Here, the source of heat is firewood, which is affected by high temperature. As a result of this action, the fuel breaks down into charcoal and gas. This gas mixes with oxygen and, when burned, releases a large amount of heat.

Long-burning boilers are subdivided on the:

- single-circuit
- double-circuit
- combined

Double-circuit boiler works on the same principle as a classic boiler, however, it also performs the function of heating water for household needs. The fact is that this type of boiler is equipped with a heat exchanger or water jacket, where the domestic water is heated.

Thus, a double-circuit wood-fired boiler will not only warm the room, but will also give you the opportunity to use the hot water circuit.

Combined boiler comes with gas burner and automation, or with the possibility of their installation. In some models, this equipment may not be included in the boiler delivery set and must be purchased separately.

The owner of such a boiler can easily switch the device from wood heating to gas heating mode, and vice versa, using a special remote control.

Whatever type of home heating you purchase, they all have approximately the same specifications characteristic of this type of heating devices.

Main technical characteristics of long-burning boilers

— working pressure is about 1 atm
- water temperature at the inlet and outlet of the boiler 5 and 80 degrees, respectively
– maximum power 100 kW
- operating time when laying one batch of fuel 10-12 hours
— Efficiency 90%
- the temperature of the gases leaving the chimney is about 250 gr.

Boilers of long burning, from left to right: Buderus, Junkers, Viessmann

Like any other types of heating appliances, solid fuel boilers for long burning have their pros and cons.

Pros when using:

- maximum efficiency

- the presence of an autonomous fuel pumping system, which allows the device to work long time on one's own

– high efficiency (t up to 650 degrees)

– environmental cleanliness

- the ability to control the device through the remote control

- in boilers combined type it is possible to work on different types of fuel

- the presence of a DHW circuit for household needs

- quite realistic price

– ease of operation and unpretentiousness in maintenance

- compactness compared to brick ovens

As for the disadvantages of this type of heating devices, I would like to note that they become noticeable only indoors not big size:

- the need to have extra bed for fuel storage

— special requirements for fuel drying

- when operating combined heating units, there is a need for a separate room (boiler room)

The modern market of heating devices is quite consistent with the demand for these products. It also presents the best European products that have good feedback consumers and goods good quality domestic production.

Stropuva boilers

The recognized leader in this area are long-burning solid fuel boilers from the company. Just one filling of firewood in this Lithuanian boiler is enough for the operation of this unit for one and a half days, and when using coal - 5 days!

Stropuva boilers

These are the best indicators for of this type heating devices.

What else is so attractive solid fuel boilers Stropuva:

1. The highest level security

The manufacturer guarantees that even if the load on the boiler is repeatedly exceeded, their boilers will not explode, but will only shrink inward

2. High profitability, because it is possible to use even wood waste as fuel.

3. Energy independence.

They operate without being connected to electricity.

4. Environmental friendliness that meets the high requirements of world standards.

5. Aesthetic appearance.

Practical Lithuanians, thanks to the cylindrical shape of their long-burning boilers that do not require a lot of space, manage to use heating unit even in a city apartment.

6. Warranty for 5 years.

Pricing policy for long-burning boilers

The price level depends on a number of factors:

- boiler brand
- thermal power
- design versatility

For example, wood boilers the above-mentioned Stropuva company with a power of 20 kW cost about 1500-2000 euros, and universal devices of the same power already cost 2000-2500 euros.

A classic German (Buderus) long-burning stove that runs on wood, coal, coke or costs about 1500-2000 euros, depending on the heat output from 15 to 32 kW.

Solid fuel boilers from a German company Junkers(Junkers) with a capacity of 32 kW have a cost of about 1500 euros.

Perhaps the most expensive pyrolysis boilers Vitoligno will cost the buyer from 2500 to 6000 euros with a power of 80 kW.

The cheapest ones are Russian production, the cost of which is about 40 thousand rubles.

Watching video

As you can see, the choice of heating equipment and, long-burning solid fuel boilers in particular, it is sufficient for today for Russian market and not only.

Before buying this type of boiler, calculate the area of \u200b\u200bthe room that will need to be heated with it. Having decided on the brand and model of the boiler, be sure to consult with specialists before buying, and trust the installation of equipment only to professionals.

A solid fuel boiler for heating a private house is a modern alternative to traditional heating methods. With it you will not freeze in the winter at the dacha or in a country cottage. A variety of models will allow you to choose the one that suits you.

Classification of solid fuel boilers for long burning

The main feature of all varieties of such boilers is that they are installed where it is not possible to use other heating, for example, gas. They burn for a long time, up to several days, they heat exclusively due to solid fuel. The principle of their operation is simple and similar to heating with a conventional wood or coal stove: you load fuel into the boiler, it burns, releasing heat. Add raw materials as needed.

Cast iron heating solid fuel boiler

This is the advantageous difference between units designed for long-term burning from other types of solid fuel boilers: they do not need to be loaded often, you can not even get up at night. Some varieties do not depend on electricity. This makes them even more convenient for places remote from city life. Taking into account these and other characteristics, the following types of solid fuel boilers are distinguished, involving long-term burning:

What fuel is used:

firewood;
coal;
pellets (granulated wood waste);
sawdust;
universal. Almost everything can be burned in such boilers - from coal to waste.

Advice. Do not burn the boiler with gasoline, diesel fuel, kerosene, laminate or chipboard residues, as well as glossy paper (for example, magazines or catalogs): they emit toxic substances.

How fuel is loaded:

manually;
automatically.

How it is burned:

traditionally;
using pyrolysis (without oxygen access);
"top down" (top burning).

What are boilers made of?

steel;
cast iron.

From a huge number of models, choose the one that is most suitable for your home in terms of area

How many cameras have:

one;

Their functionality:

single-circuit, which only heat the room;
double-circuit, which, in addition to the main function, are also used for heating water.

What are the features of boilers of different types

When choosing a boiler, decide how you will load it. Coal gives off more heat, and burns much longer without additional loading. Firewood is considered the most environmentally friendly fuel. When giving preference to such a boiler, please note: it must have a sufficiently large chamber for the furnace and a wide door. So you can load a lot of large firewood at the same time, which will increase the burning time.

Attention! For the best energy efficiency, use wood with a moisture content of less than 20%.

pellet boiler

Boilers that are heated with pellets are mostly automated. You do not need to load them with raw materials every few hours, the manufacturers have provided a special hopper and mechanized feed for this purpose. Wood pellets burn almost completely, leaving a small amount of ash. However, pellets are not yet widely spread as a type of fuel due to the price, availability in warehouses and the cost of the boilers themselves.

A feature of automated devices is that they require an electrical connection. Without it, automation simply does not work. If there are power outages in your holiday village, it is better to opt for manually loaded boilers. For the convenience of owners, some automated models are equipped with control panels. In particular, they allow you to adjust the frequency of downloads.

Pellet boiler operation

If you choose a universal unit, it is better that the main type of fuel for it is coal. Rugged construction, designed for black or brown "gold", will easily accept any fuel. For comparison - wood boilers, which are mainly made from thin sheets metal, are not intended for burning coal. Dispose of cardboard, shavings, sawdust, husks in universal solid fuel devices.

Most often, manufacturers produce 2 types of boilers: cast iron and steel. There are also ceramic ones, but they are almost not common. If the heating device is made of cast iron, its service life reaches 50 years. This metal is resistant to rust, but sensitive to temperature changes. Steel boilers are cheaper, but they last about 20 years.

Is there a difference in how the fuel is burned in the boiler

In classical boilers, fuel is ignited from below, and the flame, rising, consistently “eats” everything that was put there. Most often, this is how boilers work, which need to be reloaded every 2-8 hours (depending on the model and type of fuel used). Long-burning devices usually have large volume fireboxes. This is what allows classic models to do without “additives” for as long as possible after loading.

Wood boiler device

There are shaft-type boilers where you need to ignite the fuel at the top, and combustion (or rather, gradual smoldering) also occurs from top to bottom. This innovation had a positive effect on the duration of the work. Without additional laying, firewood burns for about a day, coal - on average up to 6 days. It is impossible to top up or report something until the first load has decayed. Due to the economy and high efficiency, such models are more expensive than traditional ones.

Pyrolysis boiler automatic control device

Another type of boilers according to the method of burning fuel is pyrolysis. In them, firewood, coal or waste is burned under the influence of high temperatures, but without oxygen. Such boilers usually consist of two chambers, raw materials are put into one and set on fire. After a while, the oxygen supply is limited, and the fuel begins to smolder. As a result of this, gas is released (or generated), which enters the second chamber and burns separately. Because of this feature, these boilers are also called gas-generating boilers.

Advantages and disadvantages of solid fuel boilers

The positive properties of long-burning solid fuel devices include:

Among the negative aspects of the operation of solid fuel boilers for long burning, it is worth highlighting both general and those that are characteristic of individual models:

Advice. You can keep the fuel in the boiler room, if its size allows. It is better if the distance between the boiler and the fuel is at least 40 cm.

What else to consider when purchasing a long-burning boiler for a country house

Such boilers may well become not only a replacement for conventional heating, but also be an addition to it. With conscientious care and proper operation, they serve for many years without requiring repair and fully recouping the cost of their purchase.

How to choose a solid fuel boiler: video

Boiler for heating: photo

The problem of heating is particularly acute for the owners of private houses. It is impossible to do without it, so the owners strive to pick up the most convenient system, which meets the principles of economy and practicality.

Solving the problem of heating a private house

Many years of experience shows that it is optimal to organize in-house water heating operating due to the circulation of the coolant through an extensive system of pipes and radiators. Therefore, the key issue is the choice of a heating boiler. Traditionally, owners prefer to install gas boilers, but this is not an affordable source of heat in all regions. Heating a room through the use of electricity is an expensive pleasure, and if you add the possibility of interruptions in its supply, then the solution looks extremely irrational. The way out of this situation will be the purchase of a long-burning boiler.

Based on the physical and chemical properties of the heat source, the specific design of the long-burning boiler allows you to load firewood with a minimum interval of 12 hours. Some models work without additional introduction of fuel material for several days. Retaining the ability to use the most affordable types of fuel - firewood and coal, there are long-burning boilers that run on pellets, peat, "eurowood" or liquid fuel. Therefore, everyone can choose a boiler model that allows rational processing of available fuel into thermal energy for home.

The principle of operation of long-burning equipment

The operation of a conventional furnace is based on maintaining the combustion process with a stream of oxygen-containing air coming from outside. The products of combustion in this design escape into the chimney system. Its turns slightly contribute to an increase in heat transfer and an increase in the efficiency of the furnace, but do not affect the increase in energy output from a particular fuel source. Long-burning boilers were able to correct the existing situation, the principle of operation of which is based on the properties of wood to re-emit gaseous fuel during combustion, which escapes into the atmosphere in a conventional furnace. The reaction of thermal decomposition of wood is called pyrolysis, and the released combustible substance is nothing but pyrolysis gas. Therefore, the design of the long-burning boiler provides a technology in which the process of open fire is reduced to a minimum. In this case, the release of pyrolysis gas reaches a maximum level, and it is he who is the main source of heat transfer.

Varieties of designs

Depending on the internal arrangement, conventionally long-burning boilers can be divided into the following types:

solid fuel boilers of horizontal shape;
pyrolysis structures;
aggregates in the form of a vertically located cylinder;

Wood-burning models have gained the greatest popularity. In terms of ease of use, pyrolysis structures take the lead, this explains the high cost of equipment. When choosing an instance of the boiler, where heat is generated through the use of pressed briquettes (pellets), be prepared for the high cost of fuel.

Solid fuel boilers of horizontal arrangement

The name of solid fuel equipment itself speaks of the possible sources of operation of long-burning boilers. It could be:

coal;
peat;
coke.

A pleasant moment of the start of operation will be the absence of the need to obtain permits from regulatory agencies. The power of such boilers varies between 12-45 kW, which is enough to heat a private house up to 120 m 2.

Remark ! The equipment of a steam heating system, subject to the installation of a pump, will provide heating of a space up to 300 m2.

The design features of the boiler are as follows:

the built-in fan provides air injection;
the automation unit is responsible for regulating air flows;
in most boiler models, the loading and pre-combustion chamber is located on top;
after ignition of the fuel, air enters it in minimal quantities;
the main heat exchange is carried out by pyrolysis gases due to the operation of the circulation pump.

Some manufacturers produce long-burning boilers with an afterburner located behind the structure. This ensures high efficiency of the equipment, which is 90-93%. At the outlet to the chimney, the gases have a temperature of only 70-100 ° C.

Among the shortcomings of long-burning boilers with such an arrangement, the following are noted:

The need to regularly add fuel. Therefore, a long absence from home is a good reason to abandon such a model. The market offers fully automated boilers, but then other difficulties arise.
Electronic regulation of the processes of operation of a long-burning boiler is associated with a complete dependence on electricity. Its absence leads to a complete stop of the heating process, frequent voltage drops will cause incorrect operation of the automatic boiler for long burning.

However, the popularity of boilers of this design is obvious due to the cheapness of fuel. For a house with an area of 60 m2, tons of peat will last for two or three winters, and its cost is acceptable even for low-income boiler owners.

Pyrolysis structures

Pyrolysis boilers are more efficient than solid fuel boilers, although they use similar fuel - peat, coal and other materials in their work. The reason for the high performance lies in the special interior arrangement boiler:

Adjustable air circulation is carried out on the basis of natural draft.
The spacious loading chamber is located below.
The ashpit-blower, according to the principle of a classical furnace, is installed below the combustion chamber of the boiler.
After loading and igniting the fuel, the damper is left fully open to start the pyrolysis process.
The beginning of the release of pyrolysis gases serves as a signal to close the damper and limit the supply of oxygen to the combustion zone. After that, the fuel in the chamber is in the smoldering mode, and in the upper part of the boiler, the heated air is combined with the pyrolysis gas, resulting in effective afterburning.

A significant advantage of the design of long-burning boilers due to the use of pyrolysis gases is complete independence from the availability of electricity. Installing a heating boiler without prior approval from regulatory organizations is another significant plus in the treasury of advantages. Among the disadvantages are lower power (enough to heat an area of 75 m 2) and the inability to heat the room without radiators or convectors.

Remark ! The most effective are long-burning pyrolysis devices that run on solid fuels. Similar boilers using liquid fuel are characterized by a low level of pyrolysis gas emission.

Vertical aggregates

An interesting variety of long-burning boilers are vertical units manufactured by the Stropuva trademark. They also need to function solid fuel, and high efficiency is achieved due to the afterburning process of pyrolysis gas, but the internal structure differs significantly from the models described above. key point is the combustion of fuel in the opposite direction - from top to bottom, while it does not smolder all at the same time, but only a slight upper layer. For the operation of such a long-burning boiler, a variety of materials are used:

chips;
sawdust;
firewood;
coal;
pressed briquettes and other fuels.

Important ! Depending on the chosen model, the operation of a long-burning boiler on wood without fuel addition can last for three days, and when loading coal, the period increases to a week.

The design features that provide such convenient operation are as follows:

The fuel material is loaded into the combustion chamber through a window located just above the middle of the long-burning boiler.
Surface ignition is achieved using special furnace fluids with flammable properties.
The start of combustion is accompanied by the lowering of the air distributor onto the fuel mass for the dosed supply of oxygen to the upper layer. Special channels provide uniform distribution of air masses over the entire area.
Air preheating for the formation of an effective pyrolysis process in a long-burning boiler occurs in the upper part of the heating unit.
After the afterburning of pyrolysis gases, the residual combustion elements exit through the chimney.
Heat exchange with heating system is carried out due to the "water" jacket, in which the long-burning boiler is enclosed.
An inspection window is provided for regular cleaning of ash deposits.

The effectiveness of this design formed the basis of numerous independent projects for the manufacture of long-burning boilers.

Final results

Innovative technologies, due to the introduction of a long burning process, have given a chance to get a second life for solid fuel heating boilers. The general advantages of heating units are as follows:

High efficiency, in some models it reaches 95%. The efficiency of boilers successfully competes with gas counterparts.
Environmental safety: carbon dioxide and water vapor released into the atmosphere during the operation of a long-burning boiler are easily absorbed by plants.
Independence from the presence of gas pipelines, availability of fuel resources.
No need for permits.
Some models of long-burning boilers have a second circuit that provides hot water. If desired, the heating unit can be equipped with an indirect heating boiler.
Boilers of long burning do not require special skills during operation and are designed for a long service life.

The advantages of operating long-burning boilers are accompanied by certain difficulties:

the need to periodically load fuel;
preventive actions to clean the unit from accumulated ash are mandatory for all long-burning boilers;
the installation of a solid fuel boiler is accompanied by the equipment of a separate room equipped with a chimney and high-quality ventilation;

Attention ! In the place where fuel is stored, air humidity should be monitored, exceeding the 20% threshold is accompanied by a sharp decrease in the efficiency of the long-burning boiler.

Compliance established requirements operation of the boiler will allow a long period to heat housing with low cost for the purchase of fuel raw materials and, if desired, to receive hot water.