What you need for a quick stop Each motorcycle behaves differently when braking, but there are some points that are common to all.1. The longer the base, the shorter the braking distance. When braking, the weight moves forward, trying to tip the motorcycle over the front wheel. The longer

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The use of armored fortification in Belgium. The activities of the engineer Brialmont. The fortresses of Liege and Namur. The use of armor in other small states. If in the main states of Western Europe armor in the second half of the 80s found itself still relatively limited

The rules prohibit the operation of the car if it is not equipped with three mandatory accessories: first aid kit, fire extinguisher and warning triangle. All of these can be purchased from a retail outlet and should be kept in an easily accessible place in the car.

An emergency stop sign is a red triangle, which, if necessary, the driver must put on the carriageway from the side of the approaching vehicle. The sign is clearly visible not only during the day, but also at night, as it has the ability to reflect the headlights falling on it. Even at night, other drivers will see it, understand in advance that there is danger ahead, slow down and be ready to stop or go around you.

A few words about what an emergency light alarm is.

Absolutely every car has such a key (or button) - if you press it, then all direction indicators and two more repeaters on the side surfaces of the front fenders start flashing simultaneously. That is, as many as six orange lights flash at once from all sides of the car. The driver, turning on the emergency alarm or using the emergency stop sign, as if shouting to the rest of the traffic participants:

"I have a problem's! Be careful! Now I, unwittingly, pose a danger to everyone!

This is something like a special language (let's conditionally call it "emergency language"). This language has only a few words and you need to know them. Moreover, both the one who “shouts” and those who hear this “shout” need to know them. Then you can not only see that something happened, but also understand what exactly happened. Either an accident has occurred, or it is one towing the other, or the children are boarding a bus designed for their organized transportation.

Emergency light signaling must be switched on:

– when towing (on a towed motor vehicle);

– when the driver is blinded by headlights;

– when boarding and disembarking children in a vehicle with identification signs “Transportation of children”:

- the driver must turn on the emergency light signaling in other cases to warn road users about the danger that the vehicle can create.

The emergency stop sign must be displayed:

- in case of a traffic accident;

– when forced to stop in places where stopping is prohibited;

- in case of a forced stop in any place where a standing vehicle cannot be seen in a timely manner by other drivers.

In case of a traffic accident.

In the event of an accident, the first thing to do is immediately turn on the hazard warning lights. Then also immediately set the emergency stop sign. And only after that - everything else.

When forced to stop in places where stopping is prohibited.

You already know how to behave in case of a forced stop - first of all, turn on the emergency gang and put up an emergency stop sign.

Moreover, if you happen to break down in a place where stopping is not prohibited, or you managed to roll the car to a place where stopping is not prohibited (for example, to the side of the road), then in this case the Rules do not oblige drivers to “shout” to everyone about their problems.

However, if you are going to be repaired right on the road, then this is a different situation.

Now you are certainly creating a danger for yourself and for the movement of other vehicles. And, therefore, they must turn on the "emergency gang" and put up an emergency stop sign.

Rules. Section 7. Clause 7.2. paragraph 3 . This sign is installed at a distance that provides timely warning of other drivers about the danger in a particular situation. However, this distance must beat least 15 meters from the vehicle in built-up areas andat least 30 meters - Outside of towns.

Did you notice: The rules set only the lower bound ( at least15 meters in populated areas and at least30 meters on the road outside the settlements). Nothing is said about "no more" in the Rules. Drivers must determine the upper limit themselves, guided by safety considerations in each specific situation.

In all likelihood, something happened around the corner. And the driver put up an emergency stop sign, moving away from the scene of the incident much more than 30 meters.

And he did the right thing!

In this situation, that's exactly what you need to do!

When towing.

Everyone who has ever been towing or being towed has fully tasted all the “charms” of such a movement.

The distance between the cars is from 4 to 6 meters (such is the length of the towing cable), both are very limited in maneuvering, they can only accelerate slowly, and brake only smoothly. In a word, even that "pleasure".

In this situation, all you need is to competently “shout out” to everyone that you are being towed - when moving, the towed person must have the emergency light signaling.

Moreover, it is at the towed and only towed!

What to do if the alarm does not work?

Rules. Section 7Clause 7.3. In the absence or malfunction of an emergency light signaling on a towed power-driven vehicle, an emergency stop sign must be attached to its rear.

Just try to make sure that the warning triangle does not restrict your view and does not cover the state registration plate of your car.

When the driver is blinded by headlights.

Night time. The road outside the settlement without artificial lighting. A car is driving towards you with the headlights on. Just imagine - you do not see the roadbed, you do not see the markings, you do not see the edge of the road, you do not see that the road is making a turn. It's deadly!

The most correct now is to portray a forced stop. That is, of course, you don’t need to put up a sign, just turn on the emergency lights and stop smoothly without changing lanes. I assure you, this is the most correct and safe solution. Moreover, the Rules require the same:

Rules. Section 19Clause 19.2. paragraph 5. When blinded, the driver must turn on the hazard warning lights and, without changing the lane, slow down and stop.

Then, when the car that blinded you passes, start moving and, having accelerated to an average flow speed, turn off the emergency gang.

When children are boarding and disembarking from a vehicle with identification signs "Children's Transportation".

Buses are specially hired for the organized transportation of children, and these buses must have identification signs “Transportation of children” in front and behind.

Children are children. Carried away, they may forget that they are on the road. Therefore, every time when children are boarding or disembarking, the driver of such a bus is required to turn on the emergency light alarm. This is also one of the words of the "emergency language", and it is very important that drivers understand it correctly. That is, when going around such a bus, you must be extremely careful and take all precautions.

The driver must turn on the hazard warning lights in other cases to warn road users of the danger that the vehicle may create.

Well, we have already considered one such case. This is when you decide to repair right on the road, and you are standing in a place where stopping is not prohibited.

Suppose this happens on the side of the road outside the settlement, that is, where stopping is not only allowed, but even prescribed by the Rules. After all, you will now be walking around the car, opening and closing doors, hanging around under the hood and maybe even climb under the car, leaving your feet on the roadway. And all this time cars will fly by. Of course, from the fact that you turn on the emergency light alarm and put up a warning triangle, they will not stop flying, but the drivers will be more attentive and, just in case, will increase the lateral interval in relation to you.

And another suitable case is when your vehicle has a malfunction with which its operation is prohibited. For example, a stone knocked out the windshield. Well, now what to do? The rules allow in this case to get to the house or to the place of repair (do not leave the car on the road). But with all the necessary precautions! That is, firstly, you will move in the far right lane. Secondly, you need to move at a low speed (and it won’t work with a high speed - the wind will blow in your face, carrying road dust and sand with it). And, thirdly, during such (!) movement, you must turn on the emergency light alarm.

The rules do not cover all such cases. According to the Rules, drivers must turn on the emergency gang whenever they voluntarily or unwittingly create a danger to traffic.

For those in distress who are deprived of emergency and signaling for help, another way has been invented to send distress signals - the international code table of distress signals.

The code table includes generally accepted signals, which are laid out in open, clearly visible places from the air - on hillsides, glades. In different sources, the recommended sizes of signals are indicated differently, depending on the tastes and departmental predilections of the authors.

Therefore, it is better to stay at the international standard: 10 meters long, 3 meters wide and 3 meters between signs. But in any case, not less than 2.5 meters. Otherwise, the sign will be difficult to make out from a great height. There are no restrictions in the big direction - the more significant the signal, the higher the probability that it will be noticed. For example, on one of my travels, I was able to observe a sign with sides much larger than one hundred meters with my own eyes. True, it was not a sign of distress, but rather a symbol of human stupidity. Someone was not too lazy, tore off the slope of a hill rising above the surrounding area in order to perpetuate one very short but capacious Russian word, which I cannot quote here for censorship reasons.

Local pilots, not without pride, claimed that this titanic construction of lovers of Russian literature is used to guide aircraft to their native airport and is easily read even from space. So the content is the content, and the example that the more the better is very clear. What can be used to make a signal? From almost everything. From sleeping bags laid out on the ground, a cut tent, spare clothes, life jackets, pieces of fabric fixed with pegs driven into the ground or stones laid on top. From the wreckage of a vehicle, stones, spruce branches and tree branches. On the seashore - from pebbles or seaweed thrown by the surf.

You can not lay out the signal, but for example, dig it out, for which you remove the sod with a shovel or knife and deepen the resulting trench. At the same time, the turf itself must be carefully laid along the trench on the grass with the inner, dark side up, which will double its width. In the snow, the signal is drawn with the help of ash from a burnt-out fire or trampled on by the heels of shoes. It is advisable to line the bottom of the trampled trenches with spruce branches, branches, etc. dark material. Only, when trampling trenches in the snow, one should not stomp next to them, so that instead of a clearly readable signal sign, one does not get a meaningless pattern of dozens of paths and paths going in different directions. The construction site should be approached only from one side and only along one pre-marked path.

In all cases, one should strive to ensure the maximum contrast of the color signal and the background on which it is decomposed. In other words, signs should be as dark as possible on light soil, and light on dark soil. In the desert, where there is no need to choose building material, low shafts of sand are piled up. Such a sign works twice a day - in the morning and in the evening, when the sun is low on the horizon.

The thick shadows cast by the artificial sand banks are quite readable from the air. But it is even better to hang on stakes driven into the sand, cloth or even thick paper. The fabric itself can be of any color, even yellow, because the signal will not be drawn by the panels, but by the shadow they cast. In the absence of tissue, one can try to build a similar shadow signal from plants tied into long bundles and stretched between stakes a meter from the ground.

The code table of distress signals includes characters that have a single meaning known to the pilot of the search aircraft. You should not invent your own signals, and if for some reason you have forgotten how this or that sign is deciphered, you can lay out the well-known SOS signal on the ground. For a long time I doubted whether it was worth telling the reader about one more method of alarm. On the one hand, it is ridiculously simple and therefore accessible to every person, it does not require any additional technical devices, it is effective - solid weighty pluses.

On the other hand, it causes objective damage to the environment - at the present time, the minus is very serious. Well, how will people, carried away, begin to use it, where it is necessary and where it is not necessary? But then I thought that it was better than the "signal". In addition, this method is laborious enough for a person to undertake it only for boredom or pranks. The essence of this method of signaling is that the victims are trying by all means available to them to change the natural appearance of the surrounding area. Large geometric figures are burned out, trampled on the ground, artificial clearings are cut down in dense forests.

Of course, it is more convenient not to fell large trees, such work is too laborious, but, for example, to cut low bushes on the edges of a forest or on the banks of a reservoir. The size of the sign (circle, triangle, etc.) must be 20 meters or more, the width of the strip should be 3-4 meters. Close up, such a sign is almost invisible, but from a height of several hundred meters, it immediately catches the eye. In general, it should be noted that in an emergency it is impossible to limit yourself to installing one or two signals. The signaling must be varied and, so to speak, multi-stage, only then it is effective. For example, having caught a glare from a signal on the cockpit glass, the pilot will examine the area more carefully, notice a geometric figure carved in the bushes.

Having descended, he will make out the signs of the code table and the smoke of the signal fire, and, finally, consider the people themselves. By the way, the latter should make sure that they are clearly visible. Put on bright, preferably orange, and white clothes in the steppe, go out of the shade of trees to a sunny, open place, wave bright pieces of fabric over your head, at night - a torch or a flashlight.

International aviation emergency gestural signaling.

Even better, those in distress should be aware of the international aeronautical emergency gestural signaling used by pilots of search and rescue aircraft and helicopters to communicate information.

1. Please take me on board.
2. Technical assistance required.
3. It is convenient to land here.
4. Everything is in order.
5. I understand you, I'm doing it.
6. I have a radio station.
7. It is dangerous to land here.
8. I can't move, I need medical help.
9. Ready to accept pennant, written message.
10. Yes.
11. No.

Another form of signaling is used for the same purpose of communicating specific information to search aircraft pilots. Only it is no longer international, but ours, domestic, adopted by the Air Force. With whom the victims will have to communicate in an accident - with our or not our aviators, and which of them adheres to which gesture system, it is impossible to say in advance, so it is better, just in case, to know both.

1. “An incident has occurred, there are victims”- a person lying on the ground, or a circle of fabric (spread parachute), in the middle of which is the figure of a lying person.

2. “We need food, warm clothing”- a person sitting on the ground, or a triangle of fabric.

3. "Show me which way to go"- a person with arms raised and slightly spread apart, or a thin, long triangle of fabric in the form of an arrow.

4. "You can land here"- a person in a shallow crouch with arms outstretched forward, or a square of fabric.

5. "Land in the indicated direction"- a standing person with arms outstretched forward in the direction of the landing approach or a landing “T” made of fabric.

6. "You can't sit here"- a standing person with arms crossed above his head or a cross made of fabric.

Simplified distress signals and universal SOS signal.

In addition to special ones, there are simplified distress signals, which are more or less aware of the rescuers of almost all departments. For example, the SOS signal, universal in all respects, or any other light or sound signal repeated three times in a row at short intervals. It does not matter what it will be - three lights, three columns of smoke, three loud whistles, three shots, three flashes of light, etc. - as long as the signal is triple.

Between the filing of each group of signals, a one-minute pause should be maintained. Three light or noise signals - a minute of rest - and again three signals. An international distress signal received in the mountains looks a little different: six whistles, light flashes or hand waves per minute, then a minute pause and repeat the signal.

Actions upon detection of foreign distress signals.

If during a hike or travel you notice someone else's distress signal, take all measures to provide assistance. First of all, fix the place where the signal was given - take the bearing with the help, note the landmarks in the indicated direction. If the victims are in a hard-to-reach place, several of the most experienced travelers should come to their aid. It is unacceptable to send a rescue team light - without a tent, warm clothes, food. Departing rescuers must be completely autonomous, even if those in distress are several hundred meters away.

The remaining (insurance group) should immediately begin to equip the emergency camp. Pitch tents, build shelters, make fires, boil water, set up signs-signals around the camp and in the direction of the rescue group, organize intermediate camps. If possible, it is necessary to immediately notify the rescue services and authorities about the incident and then act according to their instructions. During the work of full-time rescuers, independent actions not coordinated with them are unacceptable. You can continue the route only with the permission of the relevant services after the end of the rescue operation.

Emergency signaling, distress signals and universal ethics.

The last piece of advice concerns not so much alarm technology as human ethics. Any rescue operation distracts a large number of people from their main work, exposes their lives to increased risk, not counting the large financial costs. Therefore, before deciding to send a distress signal, you need to think seven times. Any distress signal should be used only in a truly critical situation that directly threatens the life or health of people.

Several tens of kilometers to be covered, worn out legs or non-compliance with the terms of the campaign, not to mention such mercantile reasons as the fear of being late from vacation, missing air tickets, etc., are not a reason to give an emergency signal and deploy large-scale rescue operations.

For the same purpose, after the successful completion of the accident, all emergency signals should be removed or, if this is not possible, the local authorities, rescue services, aviators should be notified that in the indicated areas the signals (specify which ones) are “inoperative”. Unfortunately, there are cases when travelers have been at home for many days, and rescue teams, alerted, continued to comb the area in search of victims.

Based on the materials of the book "School of Survival in Accidents and Natural Disasters".
Ilyin A.

The actions of those in distress, if they decide, without waiting for the help of rescuers, to get out to people, to populated areas, on their own.

7.2. When the vehicle stops and the emergency light signal is turned on, as well as in case of its malfunction or absence, the emergency stop sign must be immediately displayed:

This sign is installed at a distance that provides timely warning of other drivers about the danger in a particular situation. However, this distance must be at least 15 m from the vehicle in built-up areas and 30 m outside built-up areas.

The rules allow cars to stop and park on the left side of one-way roads in built-up areas. However, in the situation under consideration (figure below), the driver, due to a malfunction, stopped in the area of ​​​​the “No Stopping” sign. In this case, that is, in case of a forced stop in places where stopping is prohibited, the driver must put up an emergency stop sign. The sign is displayed not only when there is no or faulty emergency light signaling, but also when it is on.