Chapter 2. Security Requirements food products

Article 7. General requirements for food safety

1. Food products in circulation on customs territory Customs Union during due date suitability, when used as intended, must be safe.

3. Safety indicators (except for microbiological ones) for food products of a mixed composition are determined by the contribution of individual components, taking into account the mass fractions and safety indicators for these components established by this technical regulation, unless otherwise provided by Annexes 1 , , , , of this technical regulations and (or) technical regulations of the Customs Union for certain types of food products.

4. Safety indicators (except for microbiological ones) of dehydrated food products are calculated in terms of the original food (food) raw materials, taking into account the dry matter content in it and in dehydrated food products, unless otherwise established by Annexes 1, , , , and of this technical regulation and ( or) technical regulations of the Customs Union for certain types of food products.

6. Expiration dates and storage conditions of food products are set by the manufacturer.

7. The materials used for the manufacture of packaging, items in contact with food products must comply with the requirements established by the relevant technical regulations of the Customs Union.

2. Food products for pregnant and lactating women must comply with the requirements established in Annexes 1, , to this technical regulation and (or) technical regulations of the Customs Union for certain types of food products.

1) products of slaughter of productive animals and poultry subjected to repeated freezing;

2) raw materials from fish and non-fish species subjected to repeated freezing;

3) meat of productive animals of mechanical separation and poultry meat of mechanical separation;

4) collagen-containing raw materials from poultry meat;

5) blocks frozen out various kinds trimmed animal meat, as well as offal (liver, tongue, heart) with a shelf life of more than 6 months;

6) trimmed beef with a mass fraction of connective and adipose tissue over 20 percent;

7) trimmed pork with a mass fraction of adipose tissue over 70 percent;

8) trimmed lamb with a mass fraction of adipose tissue over 9 percent;

9) meat of bulls, boars and lean animals;

10) by-products of productive animals and poultry, except for the liver, tongue, heart and blood;

11) eggs and meat of waterfowl;

12) concentrated diffusion juices;

13) vegetable oils with a peroxide value of more than 2 mmol of active oxygen/kg of fat (excluding olive oil); olive oil with a peroxide value of more than 2 mmol of active oxygen/kg of fat;

14) vegetable oils: cottonseed;

15) hydrogenated oils and fats;

16) hot spices (pepper, horseradish, mustard);

10. In the production (manufacturing) of biologically active food supplements for children from 3 to 14 years old and children's herbal drinks (herbal teas) for young children, it is allowed to use only vegetable raw materials specified in Appendix 8

11. In the production (manufacturing) of food products for baby food for young children, it is allowed to use vitamins and mineral salts specified in Appendix 9 to this technical regulation.

12. In the production (manufacturing) of food products for baby food for children of all age groups in order to give a specific aroma and taste, it is allowed to use only natural food flavors (flavoring substances) and for children older than 4 months - also vanillin.

13. Plants and products of their processing, objects of animal origin, microorganisms, fungi and biologically active substances that pose a danger to human life and health and are specified in Appendix 7 to this technical regulation.

14. Biologically active food supplements (BAA) must comply with hygiene requirements food safety, established in Appendix 1, , to this technical regulation. The content in the daily dose of biologically active additives (BAA) of biologically active substances obtained from plants and (or) their extracts should be in the range from 10 to 50 percent of their single therapeutic dose, determined when these substances are used as medicines.

Article 9. Safety requirements for tonic drinks

General requirements for quality assurance and safety food products

The Federal Law "On the Quality and Safety of Food Products" establishes that food products intended for sale must satisfy the physiological needs of a person in the necessary substances and energy, meet the requirements usually imposed on food products in terms of organoleptic and physico-chemical parameters and comply with established normative documents requirements for acceptable content chemical (including radioactive), biological substances and their compounds, microorganisms and other biological organisms that pose a threat to the health of present and future generations.

The nutritional value of baby food should correspond to the functional state of the child's body, taking into account his age. Baby food products must be safe for the health of the child.

Diet food products must have properties that allow such products to be used for therapeutic and prophylactic human nutrition in accordance with the established federal authority. executive power in the field of health with the requirements for the organization of dietary nutrition, and be safe for human health.

The shelf life of food products, materials and products is established in relation to such food products, materials and products, the quality of which, after certain period from the moment of their manufacture deteriorates, which acquire properties that pose a danger to human health, and therefore lose their suitability for their intended use.

The manufacture of food products, materials and products should be carried out in accordance with technical documents, subject to the requirements of sanitary and veterinary rules and regulations. For the manufacture of food products, food raw materials must be used, the quality and safety of which meets the requirements of regulatory documents.

In the manufacture of food raw materials, it is allowed to use feed additives, animal growth stimulants (including hormonal preparations), medicines, pesticides, agrochemicals that have passed the sanitary and epidemiological examination and state registration in the manner established by the legislation of the Russian Federation. Food raw materials of animal origin are allowed for the manufacture of food products only after a veterinary and sanitary examination has been carried out and the manufacturer has received an opinion from the state veterinary service of the Russian Federation certifying the compliance of food raw materials of animal origin with the requirements of veterinary rules and regulations.

In the manufacture of baby food and dietary food products, it is not allowed to use food raw materials made with the use of feed additives, animal growth stimulants (including hormonal preparations), certain types medicines, pesticides, agrochemicals and other substances and compounds hazardous to human health.

Food additives used in the manufacture of food products and biologically active additives must not harm human life and health. In the manufacture of food products, as well as for consumption, food additives and biologically active additives that have passed state registration in order can be used.

The manufacturer is obliged to check the quality and safety of each batch of food products, materials and products and transfer to the buyer along with food products, materials and products a certificate of quality and safety of food products, materials and products. The certificate of quality and safety of food products, materials and products is not issued for products Catering.

Food products must be packaged and packaged in such a way as to ensure the preservation of quality and safety during their storage, transportation and sale. Individual entrepreneurs and legal entities engaged in the packaging and packaging of food products are required to comply with the requirements of regulatory documents for the packaging and packaging of food products, their labeling, as well as the materials used for packaging and labeling food products.

On labels or tags or leaflets of packaged food products, in addition to information whose composition is determined by the legislation of the Russian Federation on consumer protection, taking into account the types of food products, the following information in Russian must be indicated:
1. about nutritional value(calorie content, content of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, macro- and microelements);
2. on the purpose and conditions of use (in relation to baby food, diet food and dietary supplements);
3. about methods and conditions of manufacture ready meals(in relation to concentrates and semi-finished food products);
4. on storage conditions (in relation to food products for which requirements for the conditions of their storage are established);
5. about the date of manufacture and the date of packaging of food products.

When selling food products, materials and products, citizens (including individual entrepreneurs) and legal entities are required to comply with the requirements of regulatory documents. In retail trade, it is not allowed to sell bulk and unpackaged food products, with the exception of certain types of food products, the list of which is established by the federal executive body in the field of trade in agreement with the authorized federal executive body for state sanitary and epidemiological supervision.

The sale of food products of non-industrial production on the food markets is allowed only after a veterinary and sanitary examination has been carried out and the sellers have received the conclusions of the state veterinary service of the Russian Federation certifying the compliance of such food products with the requirements of veterinary rules and regulations.

In the event that a violation was committed during the sale of food products, materials and products, which led to the loss of food products, materials and products of the appropriate quality and their acquisition hazardous properties, citizens (including individual entrepreneurs) and legal entities selling food products, materials and products are obliged to remove such food products, materials and products from sale, ensure their recall from consumers, send low-quality and dangerous food products, materials and products for examination, organize their disposal or destruction.

Chapter IV. General requirements for ensuring the quality and safety of food products

Article 15. Requirements for ensuring the quality and safety of food products

1. Food products intended for sale must satisfy the physiological needs of a person in the necessary substances and energy, comply with mandatory requirements normative documents on the permissible content of chemical (including radioactive), biological substances and their compounds, microorganisms and other biological organisms that pose a danger to the health of present and future generations.

on the methods and conditions for the preparation of ready-made meals (in relation to concentrates and semi-finished food products);

on storage conditions (in relation to food products for which requirements for their storage conditions are established);

date of manufacture and date of packaging of foodstuffs.

Article 19. Requirements for ensuring the quality and safety of food products, materials and products during their storage and transportation

1. Storage and transportation of food products, materials and products must be carried out in conditions that ensure the preservation of their quality and safety.

2. Individual entrepreneurs and legal entities engaged in the storage, transportation of food products, materials and products are required to comply with the requirements of regulatory documents for the conditions of storage and transportation of food products, materials and products and confirm compliance with such requirements with the relevant entries in the shipping documents.

3. Storage of food products, materials and products is allowed in specially equipped premises, structures, which must comply with the requirements of regulatory documents.

4. Vehicles specially designed or specially equipped for such purposes must be used for the transport of foodstuffs.

5. In the event that a violation was committed during storage, transportation of food products, materials and products, which led to the loss of food products, materials and products of the appropriate quality and the acquisition of hazardous properties by them, individual entrepreneurs and legal entities engaged in storage, transportation of food products, materials and products are obliged to inform the owners and recipients of food products, materials and products about this.

Article 23

1. Employees engaged in work related to the manufacture and circulation of food products, the provision of services in the field of retail food products, materials and products and the public catering sector and in the course of which employees have direct contact with food products, materials and products, undergo mandatory pre-employment and periodic medical examinations, as well as hygienic training in accordance with the law Russian Federation.

2. Patients with infectious diseases, persons suspected of having such diseases, persons who have been in contact with patients with infectious diseases, persons who are carriers of pathogens of infectious diseases, which, due to the peculiarities of the manufacture and circulation of food products, materials and products, may pose a risk of spreading such diseases, as well as employees who have not undergone hygienic training are not allowed to work, during the performance of which direct contacts of employees with food products, materials and products are carried out.

Article 24

1. Low-quality and dangerous food products, materials and products are subject to withdrawal from circulation.

The owner of low-quality and (or) dangerous food products, materials and products is obliged to withdraw them from circulation independently or on the basis of an order from state supervision and control bodies.

2. If the owner of low-quality and (or) dangerous food products, materials and products has not taken measures to withdraw them from circulation, such food products, materials and products shall be confiscated in the manner prescribed by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Article 25

standing time is not formed, and a certain caution in the application of this technology should be preserved.

During storage, food products may be contaminated with mycotoxins produced by molds. The nature of contamination is determined by the type of organism-producer and depends on the type of food products. Bread, vegetables, meat, cheese can be affected by aflatoxins - the most dangerous of mycotoxins with carcinogenic properties. The priority contaminants are: for grain products - deoxynivalenol; for nuts and oil seeds - aflatoxin B1; for fruits

and vegetables - patulin. The content of mycotoxins - aflatoxin B 1, deoxynivalenol (vomitoxin), zearalenone, T-2 toxin, patulin - are regulated in food raw materials and food products plant origin, aflatoxin Ml - in milk and dairy products.

The presence of mycotosins in food raw materials is not allowed

and food products intended not only for children, but also for dietary nutrition.

The information provided about the possible environmental risk of using a particular product, about eco-labels, about the properties of food packaging, about regulatory requirements should be accessible not only to food industry specialists, but to all consumers. In a market economy, the preference given to environmentally friendly products can serve as a serious economic incentive for their production.

1.1.2. Hygienic requirements for food products

The essence of the hygienic requirements for food products is their ability to satisfy the physiological needs of a person:

in organoleptics, proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, mineral elements, energy (nutrition value);

essential amino acids and minor components of food (biological value);

be safe for human health in terms of the content of potentially hazardous chemical, radioactive, biological substances and their compounds, microorganisms and other biological organisms (safety) (Fig. 1.2).

AT in accordance with SanPiN 2.3.2.-1078-01 obligatory hygienic requirements of nutritional value are established only for certain processed meat and poultry products, cow's butter, as well as for fruit and vegetable juices. For all other food products, nutritional value indicators are substantiated by the manufacturer (developer). technical documents) based analytical methods research and (or) using

We use the calculation method, taking into account the recipe of the food product and data on the composition of raw materials. At the same time, the organoleptic properties of food products should satisfy the traditionally established tastes and habits of the population and not cause complaints from consumers. Food products should not have foreign odors, tastes, inclusions, differ in color and texture inherent in this type of product.

The criteria for the biological value of a food product are the degree of conformity of the amino acid composition of the protein of the food product with the needs of the human body for amino acids for the synthesis of its own protein and the content of minor components - phytocompounds in the product (the above indicators of food products are not presented in SanPiN 2.3.2.1078-01).

Hygienic requirements for food products

Indicators of nutritional and biological value

1.Nutritional value:

- the amount of proteins;

- the amount of fat;

- the amount of carbohydrates;

- the amount of vitamins;

- amount minerals;

- the energy value;

- organoleptic properties;

Bioavailability

2.Biological value:

- the degree of compliance of the amino acid composition of the protein of the product with the body's needs for amino acids;

- content of minor food components (phytocompounds)

Safety performance

1. Natural food components that have a harmful effect:

Usual components in unusually high amounts; - antialimentary components;

Unusual components from new sources of raw materials; - components with a pronounced pharmaco-

logical activity; - toxic components

2. Substances from environment that have a harmful effect (contaminants):

Chemical (anthropogenic); - biological (natural)

3. Substances specially introduced for technological reasons:: - nutritional supplements; - technological additives;

Biologically active additives

Rice. 1.2. Hygienic requirements for food products

1.2. Regulatory framework for food safety in Russia

In Russia, product safety is currently regulated by the following current laws of the Russian Federation.

Law of the Russian Federation "On consumer protection" dated 05.12.95 with the change-

mi and additions adopted State Duma 11/17/99 - regulates harmlessness finished products, used raw materials, materials and benign waste for the population and the environment.

Law of the Russian Federation "On certification of products and services" dated 10.06.93, No. 5151-1 (edited on 12/27/95) and " On amendments and additions to the Law of the Russian Federation "On certification of products and services » dated July 31, 1998 No. 154 - established

pour in legal framework certification of products, including food, and services, including public catering.

the federal law"O state regulation in the field of genetic engineering activity" No. 86-FZ dated 07/05/96 (as amended on 07/12/2000).

the federal law“On sanitary and epidemiological welfare

chii of the population ”No. 52-FZ of March 30, 1999 - defines the main directions in the field of maintaining the sanitary well-being of the population of Russia, including sanitary issues of food safety and food raw materials.

However, these laws did not fully solve all the legal problems of the multi-link chain: human health ↔ food ↔ production and sale of food products and raw materials. Therefore, the “Concept of the state policy in the field of healthy eating population of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2005” (Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 917 of August 10, 1998), which traced the close relationship between health, life expectancy and rational nutrition.

The need for the formation and implementation of scientific and technical policy in the field of healthy nutrition is dictated by the special importance of this problem, due to:

- deterioration of the demographic situation in Russia due to the excess of mortality among the population over the birth rate, including as a result of an increase in the number of diseases caused by poor nutrition;

- imbalance in the nutrition of the population in Russia: in recent years, the nutrition of Russians is characterized by a decrease in meat consumption

and milk, fruits and vegetables, fish and vegetable oils (Table 1.3); there is an intake of energy and protein with food below the calculated norms; low fiber content in the diet. The total intake of fiber and pectin is less than 10 g per day, which is 2 times lower than the optimal amount. Vitamin deficiency in 1995 amounted to about 60% of the need, protein - more than 25%;

				Table 1.3
consumption (kg per year per capita)
Food
Meat and meat products
Milk and milk
Fish and fish products
bakery products
Vegetable oil
Potato

Consumption of low-quality, falsified and dangerous products for human health. It should be noted that the quality of imported inspected goods is usually lower than the quality of domestic goods.

To change the current situation in Russia in the field of protecting public health and providing it with good nutrition, the following federal laws are of particular relevance:

The federal law " On food security in Russia

Federation of 1998 - establishes the duties of the executive branch to ensure the food security of the citizens of the country as a whole, fixes the main mechanisms for ensuring the food security of the country, fixes scientifically based medical nutrition standards as mandatory for use and obliges the executive branch to guarantee adequate nutrition for low-income groups of the population at the level of these standards.

The federal law " On Radiation Safety of the Population” from

the federal law"On the quality and safety of food products"

tov » No. 29-ФЗ dated 02.01.2000 - ensures the creation of a legal framework that regulates relations in the chain: production - consumption of food products; defines competence and responsibility government agencies, organizations and legal entities in the field of quality and safety of food products; regulates issues of state regulation, registration, licensing and certification of food products.

AT This federal law defines the following basic concepts:

food products– natural or processed products for human consumption (including baby food, diet food), bottled drinking water, alcoholic products(including beer), soft drinks, chewing gum, as well as food raw materials, food additives and biologically active additives;

food raw materials- raw materials of plant, animal, microbiological, mineral and artificial origin and water used for the manufacture of food products;

food quality- a set of characteristics of food products that can satisfy human needs for food under normal conditions of their use;

food safety– a state of well-founded confidence

that food products, under normal conditions of use, are not harmful and do not pose a risk to the health of present and future generations;

nutritional value of a food product- a set of properties of food

the first product, in the presence of which the physiological needs of a person in the necessary substances and energy are satisfied.

AT development of the above laws, the Decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation “On Monitoring the Quality, Safety of Food Products and Public Health” (No. 883 of November 22, 2000), “On State Registration of New Types of Food Products, Materials and Products” (No. 998 of December 21, 2000) were adopted ), "O state supervision and control in the field of ensuring the quality and safety of food products" (No. 917 dated December 21, 2000), "Regulations on the state Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of the Russian Federation” and “Regulations on the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Rationing” (No. 554 dated July 24, 2000), as well as resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation No. 7 dated April 6, 1999 “On the procedure for hygienic assessment and registration of food products received from genetically modified sources (GMI)” and No. 14 dated November 8, 2000 “On the procedure for conducting sanitary and epidemiological examination of food products obtained from genetically modified sources”.

Based on existing federal laws and resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation, as well as taking into account the results of complex toxicological studies carried out by international organizations FAO and WHO, the Russian Federation has developed the main regulatory document that establishes indicators of the quality and safety of raw materials and products in epidemiological and radiation terms, as well as the content of biological and chemical pollutants : "Hygienic requirements for the quality and safety of food raw materials and food products" - SanPiN 2.3.2.- 1078-01.

This document notes that food products must satisfy the physiological needs of a person in the necessary substances and energy, meet the requirements usually imposed on food products in terms of organoleptic and physico-chemical parameters.

and comply with the requirements established by regulatory documents

to permissible content of chemical, radiological, biological substances and their compounds, microorganisms and other biological organisms that pose a threat to the health of present and future generations.

To biological and chemical pollutants include toxic chemical trace elements (cadmium, mercury, lead, arsenic, copper, zinc), radioactive substances, mycotoxins (aflatoxins B1 and M1), viruses, helminths, antibiotics (tetracycline group compounds, gricin, zincbecitspiramycin, racin, penicillin, streptomycin, erythromycin, etc.), hormones and growth stimulants (diethylstilbestrol, es- tradiol-17b, testosterone, casein-estradiol-17P), pesticides and nitrosamines.

In products of animal origin, the following are normalized:

allowable level toxic elements(lead, arsenic, cadmium, mercury, copper, zinc, tin, chromium);

acceptable level of mycotoxins;

residual amount of antibiotics (medicinal and fodder);

the content of hormonal preparations in imported raw materials and products;

the content of polychlorinated biphenyls;

the level of benzo(a)pyrene in smoked products;

the amount of nitrogen-containing compounds (nitrates, nitrosamines);

amount of pesticides;

radionuclide content(cesium-137 and strontium-90).

For the production of livestock raw materials, it is not allowed to use

the use of feed additives, medicines and preparations that reduce the quality of animal products and are not duly registered.

Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of March 9, 2004 No. 314 “On the system and structure federal bodies executive power" as part of the newly formed Ministry of Health and social development RF was created

Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare . This service now resolves issues (along with others) that were previously assigned to the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of the Russian Federation (Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated April 6, 2004 No. 154 “Issues of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare”). In this

In connection with this, supervision over the safety of food products and biologically active food supplements should be carried out by the territorial bodies of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare. At the same time, the term "state sanitary and epidemiological supervision" remains valid.

The Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare monitors the state of public health. This is possible due to the availability of material and technical base, qualified specialists and a well-developed system of information flows.

The term "monitoring" was introduced before the Stockholm UN Conference on the Environment in 1972.

Monitoring is a system of repeated observations of one or more quality and safety indicators for a specific purpose.

Social monitoring includes the analysis and synthesis of data on food consumption among various population groups, the demographic situation and the state of health of the population, including men, women and children of various age categories and professional groups.

Hygiene monitoring involves determining the degree of pollution of the environment, food raw materials and food products with toxic and radioactive elements (Fig. 1.3).

Hygiene monitoring

Monitoring		Monitoring		Monitoring		Radiation
		pollution		pollution		ny moni-
		environmental
				products

Monitoring		Monitoring		Monitoring		Monitoring		Monitoring
pollution		pollution		pollution				states
						population		health
		objects						population

Rice. 1.3. Hygiene monitoring

Analysis of the results of social and hygienic monitoring shows that the most important factors affecting the health of the population of Russia is inadequate nutrition and environmental pollution.

1.2.1. The concept of state policy in the field of healthy nutrition for the period 2005-2010

AT In 1998, for the first time, a state concept on healthy nutrition and state policy in the field of healthy nutrition was developed and proposed for implementation. The Concept of the state policy in the field of healthy nutrition of the population of the Russian Federation (approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 917 of 1998) clearly defines the tasks for scientific organizations of the Russian Agricultural Academy - the development modern methods biotechnology, breeding, creation of new varieties, hybrids and breed groups of livestock, development modern technologies in order to obtain high-quality agricultural raw materials and biologically valuable food products.

However, since 1998, serious changes have taken place in the field of state policy in general, and in social policy in particular. The main task in modern conditions- find other opportunities and approaches, taking into account the peculiarities of the current period of time, state policy, tasks that are directly faced in the implementation of national projects.

Of course, one of the most important issues is a question that concerns, first of all, normal nutrition, its quality content, on the one hand. And on the other hand, it is important that this food is affordable, which means that there is an appropriate price. And the third very important component is safe food.

In recent years, the quality and structure of nutrition of the population of Russia has deteriorated sharply. Contamination of raw materials with harmful components and microorganisms is one of the main reasons for the production of poor quality, and sometimes

and products hazardous to human health. A serious problem in obtaining environmentally friendly agricultural products is the technogenic pollution of soils with waste. industrial productions. Significant areas of agricultural land are contaminated with radionuclides and heavy metals. The number of pesticides used exceeds 300 thousand items.

As for the structure of nutrition, unbalanced nutrition is currently characteristic of more than 70% of the world population. To date, the level of consumption of fats and carbohydrates in our country almost fully complies with the recommended standards - 93 and 344 g. And the level of protein consumption has reached critical levels and is satisfied only by 75%. An unbalanced diet is an insufficient supply of a person with biologically active substances that

he is unable to synthesize. These include essential amino acids, vitamins and minerals. Therefore, one of the most important tasks for improving the nutrition structure of the population is to increase the range of mass consumption products with high nutritional and biological value, including by 20-30% products enriched with protein, vitamins and minerals. Modern nutrition should not only satisfy the physiological needs of a person for nutrients and energy, but also perform preventive and therapeutic functions.

AT within the framework of the implementation of this concept, an appropriate normative base, aimed at ensuring the quality and safety of food, a number of documents have been developed to assess food safety, the requirements of which are mandatory when putting into production, when selling and importing food products into our country.

AT To date, more than 7,000 food safety and quality standards have been developed. All work to clarify hygiene standards was carried out on the basis of scientific developments, which were carried out in research institutions of the Russian Federation, and in other countries of the world, taking into account the recommendations international organizations working in the system of the World Health Organization and FAO.

At the same time, much attention is paid to the issues of providing children with food. Modern principles and methods of feeding children under 1 year of age, recommended terms for the introduction of basic products and complementary foods of industrial nutrition for children of the first year of life, hygienic requirements for the safety and nutritional value of food products and a separate SanPiN "Organization of baby food" have been developed.

The Research Institute of Nutrition has developed recommended daily intakes of more than 100 food and 60 biologically active substances for adults as part of dietary (therapeutic and preventive) nutrition and biologically active food supplements.

Methods for the quantitative determination of macro- and micronutrients, biologically active substances (128 methods), food additives, as well as methods for assessing the safety of biologically active food supplements have been approved.

AT as part of the of social and hygienic monitoring, together with a number of institutions - the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences and the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation - developed a guideline for assessing the risk to public health when exposed to chemical substances polluting the environment.

A methodological base for assessing the quality and safety of food products has been created and is functioning, based on the use of modern highly sensitive and selective methods for analyzing various contaminants.

products of both technogenic and biological origin and numbering more than 150 methods, such as chromatography-mass spectrometry, high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, etc. In connection with the expansion of the list of permitted food additives, a number of methods have been developed for determining the most common food additives - preservatives (benzoic, sorbic acid, sulfur dioxide, sulfites), synthetic and natural antioxidants, food colors, sweeteners (saccharin, aspartame).

AT areas of creation modern system monitoring of food contamination in Russia monitoring of the quality and safety of food products is organized. Annually in Russia only Federal Service Consumer Protection and Human Welfare Oversight conducts more than 1 million studies on sanitary and chemical and more than 2 million studies on sanitary and epidemiological indicators. This density of food control makes it possible to identify batches of food products, both domestic and imported, that do not meet established national hygienic standards, and withdraw these products from circulation.

For 10 recent years specific gravity samples of food raw materials and food products that do not meet hygienic standards in terms of microbiological and chemical indicators, decreased both for the domestic group of products and for imported ones.

And yet, despite the measures taken and the fact that this decrease is clearly indicated, the proportion of food samples examined that do not meet established standards in terms of sanitary-chemical and microbiological indicators, remains at a fairly high level.

AT as part of the implementation of the concept, unified system taking into account the results of food safety monitoring, which makes it possible to characterize the frequency, levels and dynamics of contamination of food raw materials and foodstuffs in the controlled territory, determine the priority contaminants of food raw materials and food products in each specific territory, determine priority products and product groups that, by level pollution are subject to priority control, determine the list of contaminants and groups of products in which the level of contamination is insignificant or absent, compare territories in terms of frequency, levels and dynamics of product contamination, obtain the materials necessary to clarify the hygienic regulations for the content of contaminants in food products, the initial data for calculating the daily load of contaminants on the body, develop measures to reduce the frequency and level of contamination of food raw materials and food products with various contaminants.

All of these primary data are used to rank territories according to the priority of contaminants and food groups.

AT Russia has many years of experience in assessing the safety of products obtained using modern biotechnologies, created and

On approval of the technical regulations "Requirements for the safety of products for children, dietary and preventive nutrition"

In order to implement the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated November 9, 2004 "On technical regulation" Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan DECIDES:

1. Approve the attached technical regulation "Requirements for the safety of products for children, dietary and preventive nutrition".

2. This resolution enters into force six months after the date of the first official publication.

Prime Minister
Republic of Kazakhstan K. Massimov

Approved
Government Decree
Republic of Kazakhstan
dated May 4, 2008 N 411

Technical regulation
"Requirements for the safety of products for children, dietary and preventive nutrition"

1 area of ​​use

1. This Technical Regulation "Requirements for the safety of products for children, dietary and preventive nutrition" (hereinafter referred to as the technical regulation) was developed in accordance with the laws of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated December 4, 2002 "On the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population", dated November 9, 2004 of the year "On technical regulation" and of July 21, 2007 "On food safety".

2. This technical regulation establishes requirements for the safety of children's, dietary and preventive nutrition products, their life cycle processes.

3. The requirements of this technical regulation do not apply to food products obtained in the process home production and do not include:

1) the requirements established in the special Technical Regulations for the marking and labeling of food products, materials in contact with food products, including requirements for packaging;

2) the requirements established in the special Technical Regulations for the used genetically modified food raw materials of plant or animal origin.

4. Types of products subject to this technical regulation, and their codes according to the classifier of the commodity nomenclature externally economic activity Republic of Kazakhstan (hereinafter - TN VED RK) are listed in Annex 1 to this Technical Regulation.

2. Terms and definitions

5. The following terms and definitions are used in this technical regulation:

1) safety of baby food products - the absence of unacceptable risk in all processes (at stages) of development (creation), production (manufacturing), circulation, disposal and destruction of food products associated with harm to human life and health and violation of the legitimate interests of consumers, taking into account combinations of realization probability dangerous factor and the severity of its consequences;

2) therapeutic and preventive nutrition products - specialized food products used in special diets intended for certain categories of persons in order to prevent disorders in the human body caused by chronic exposure to harmful occupational factors;

3) children's herbal teas - teas made on the basis of herbs and herbal extracts;

4) nutritional value of baby food products - a set of properties of food products, in the presence of which the physiological needs of the child's body for the necessary substances and energy are satisfied;

5) baby food - food products special purpose that meet the physiological needs of the child's body and are intended for the nutrition of children under the age of three;

6) adapted milk formulas (breast milk substitutes) - food products in liquid or powder form, made on the basis of cow's milk, milk of other farm animals, soy proteins, intended for use as breast milk substitutes and as close as possible to it in chemical composition with the purpose of meeting the physiological needs of young children;

7) subsequent mixtures - adapted or partially adapted mixtures based on cow's milk, milk of other farm animals, soy proteins, intended for feeding children over 5 months of age in combination with complementary foods;

8) complementary foods - food products introduced into the diet of children of the first year of life as a supplement to breast milk, its substitutes or subsequent mixtures, made on the basis of products of animal and / or vegetable origin, taking into account age-related physiological characteristics;

9) cereals - food products made from various types of flour and cereals, including those with the addition of non-cereal ingredients;

10) grain-milk - food products made from various types of flour and cereals with the addition of milk in an amount of at least 25% by weight of the product, including with the addition of non-grain ingredients;

11) fruit and vegetable - food products made from fruits, vegetables, berries, including those with the addition of other ingredients, not more than 20% by weight of the product;

12) fruit and dairy - food products made from fruit, berry and fruit and vegetable purees with the addition of dairy products in an amount of not more than 25% by weight of the product;

13) fruit and grain - food products made from fruit, berry and fruit and vegetable purees with the addition of various types of flour, cereals and flakes in an amount of not more than 25% by weight of the product;

14) meat - food products made from various types of meat of animals and birds, containing at least 40% of the meat component of the total mass of the product;

15) products from fish and non-fish species - food products made from fish and non-fish species, containing at least 40% of the component of the total mass of the product;

16) meat and vegetable and fish and vegetable - food products made from various types of meat or fish with the addition of vegetable components (fruits, vegetables, cereals, flour), containing at least 20% of the meat or fish component of the total mass of the product;

17) vegetable-meat and vegetable-fish - food products made from vegetable components (fruits, vegetables, cereals, flour), with the addition of meat or fish, containing at least 8% of the meat or fish component of the total mass of the product;

18) dairy - food products made from cow's milk and milk of other farm animals, including those with the addition of non-dairy ingredients of not more than 20% of the total mass of the product;

19) combined - food products that combine the properties of different groups of food products, while not belonging to one of the above groups;

20) specialized products for the nutrition of young children - food products for dietary (therapeutic and preventive) nutrition, chemical composition which corresponds to the peculiarities of metabolism in the corresponding pathology in a child;

21) dietary food products - special purpose food products intended for certain categories of persons for the purpose of prevention and (or) treatment of diseases;

22) enteral nutrition is a type of nutritional support in which nutrients administered orally in the form of drinks or through a probe when it is impossible to adequately meet the energy and plastic needs of the body in a natural way in a number of diseases;

23) fortified products - products to which one or more necessary ingredients (vitamins, minerals, proteins, amino- or fatty acids) and other substances that are not present in it initially or are present in insufficient quantities or lost in the process (at the stage) of production (manufacturing), introduced in order to prevent the disease;

24) probiotics - biologically active food supplements, which include living microorganisms and (or) their metabolites, which have a normalizing effect on the composition and biological activity of the microflora of the digestive tract (probiotics are a synonym for the concept of eubiotics);

25) probiotic products - food products made with the addition of live cultures of probiotic microorganisms and prebiotics;

26) probiotic microorganisms - live non-pathogenic and non-toxigenic microorganisms, representatives of the protective groups of normal human intestinal microbiocenosis and natural symbiotic associations that have a beneficial effect on the human body by maintaining the normal composition and biological activity of the microflora of the digestive tract, mainly of the genera: Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Propionibacterium and others ;

27) prebiotics - food substances that selectively stimulate the growth and (or) biological activity of representatives of the protective intestinal microflora, thereby contributing to the maintenance of its normal composition and biological activity.

3. Terms of circulation on the market

6. Baby food products are allowed into circulation that do not, when used for their intended purpose, negative impact on human life and health and passed the state registration (re-registration), in accordance with the requirements of the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of food safety.

7. Products for children, dietary and preventive nutrition in circulation must comply with the requirements sanitary regulations and norms, hygienic standards, approved authorized body in the field of healthcare.

8. Products for children, dietary and preventive nutrition that do not meet the requirements of this technical regulation, with signs of poor quality and do not have documents confirming their safety are not allowed to be sold.

9. Baby food products should be sold through distribution points, specialized departments grocery stores, trading houses, medical-prophylactic and pharmacy organizations, only when providing relevant conditions storage.

10. The sale of products for children, dietary and preventive nutrition must be carried out in compliance with the requirements of regulatory legal acts approved by the authorized body in the field of healthcare.

4. Safety requirements for children's, dietary and
therapeutic and preventive nutrition

11. Placement of facilities for the production of children's, dietary and preventive nutrition, as well as the establishment of sanitary protection zones should be carried out in accordance with regulatory legal acts approved by the authorized body in the field of healthcare.

12. It is not allowed to place facilities for the production of children's, dietary and preventive nutrition products in sanitary protection zones industrial facilities, in residential, administrative and built-in buildings.

13. Placement of facilities for the production of dietary products with other facilities is allowed Food Industry in a separate block in the presence of a sanitary-epidemiological conclusion for production.

14. Space-planning and design solutions for premises should provide for flow production processes, excluding common, counter and cross flows of raw materials, raw semi-finished products and finished products, contaminated and clean containers, separate entrances for personnel and receipt of raw materials.

15. Floors in production, storage and auxiliary premises are made of permitted waterproof materials that can withstand cleaning and disinfecting preparations with a smooth, non-slip surface.

16. Ceilings and walls industrial premises must have a hygienic coating suitable for sanitization.

17. All materials used for finishing the enclosing surfaces of premises must be allowed for use in the Republic of Kazakhstan.

18. Sources of water supply and water supply facilities that supply water for household and drinking needs from surface and underground sources must have a zone sanitary protection and comply with the requirements established by the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

19. Water used for drinking and household needs related to the production of children's, dietary and preventive nutrition products must comply with the requirements of regulatory legal acts approved by the authorized body in the field of healthcare.

20. Bottling drinking water baby food is allowed only on drinking water bottling lines.

21. In case of using chlorinated water centralized systems drinking water supply from surface water sources for technological needs (as a raw material for the preparation of a baby food product), it is necessary to further purify it from trihalomethanes (by-products of water chlorination).

22. Preparation, processing, production, packaging, storage, transportation and sale of children's, dietary and preventive nutrition products must be carried out in compliance with hygiene requirements.

23. The manufacturer must produce products in such a way that they meet the safety requirements defined by this technical regulation.

24. To ensure proper product safety, the manufacturer follows the principles and rules of good faith industrial practice, namely:

1) when developing technologies and formulations for the manufacture of products, carry out risk analysis, determine critical stages (risks) of production processes and control points to identify changes in technology that may adversely affect product safety and quality;

2) to control the safety of products at the enterprise by means and measures that ensure the necessary reliability and completeness of control;

3) document everything technological operations for production and control;

4) carry out the necessary control technological means, auxiliary materials and products at intermediate stages of the technological process and finished products;

5) ensure product traceability;

6) within job descriptions determine the responsibility and authority of the personnel involved in production and its management;

7) training and certification of personnel;

8) exercise complex measures, ensuring the safety of products during the entire shelf life during its distribution and handling in accordance with the manufacturer's conditions;

9) use of a system of self-inspection and/or audit;

10) proper disposal of products, containers, industrial packaging;

11) documenting the results of control in the form of protocols, journals, acts, as well as using technical means control.

25. In production, the use of mercury control measuring instruments. Glass measuring instruments must have metal cases.

26. Technological processes preparation, manufacture and other stages of production of children's, dietary and preventive nutrition products are carried out in accordance with technological instructions.

27. The release of baby food products for young children is carried out at specialized enterprises, in specialized workshops (or at specialized technological lines) having a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion issued by the bodies of sanitary and epidemiological supervision.

28. Separate rooms are allocated for work with live microorganisms.

29. In premises requiring a special technological and sanitary and anti-epidemic regime (starter, packaging of baby food, production of probiotic products in laboratory boxes), installation of bactericidal irradiators for air disinfection at the rate of 1.5-2.2 watts per 1 meter of cubic air, in accordance with the requirements for their operation.

30. Shops for the production of dietary products based on probiotic microorganisms should have sealed windows. All joints of walls, ceiling, floor are sealed. Surfaces must be free of cracks and other defects and must be suitable for washing and disinfection.

31. In the production of children's, dietary and preventive nutrition, the use of raw materials grown in ecologically unfavorable areas is not allowed.

32. For cultivated raw materials, it is necessary to provide information on the use of genetically modified products, on pesticides used in the cultivation of agricultural crops.

33. For raw materials of animal origin used in the production of dietary products, information is provided on the non-use of feed additives, growth stimulants, and medicines during its production.

34. Legal entities and individuals, individual entrepreneurs who manufacture dietary products from livestock raw materials ensure its safety from pathogens of infectious diseases that are potentially dangerous to humans.

35. In the manufacture of food products for infants, the use of the following types of raw materials is not allowed:

1) cottage cheese with an acidity of more than 1500 degrees Turner;

2) soy flour, grain and grain products contaminated with foreign impurities and pests of grain stocks;

3) raw materials from the meat of slaughter animals and poultry, raw materials from fish and non-fish species subjected to repeated freezing;

4) by-products of slaughtered animals and poultry, except for the liver, tongue and heart;

5) trimmed beef with a mass fraction of connective and adipose tissue above 12%;

6) trimmed pork with a mass fraction of adipose tissue of more than 32%;

7) lamb trimmed with a mass fraction of adipose tissue above 9%;

8) carcasses of chickens and broilers of the 3rd category;

9) blocks frozen from various types of trimmed meat of animals and poultry, as well as by-products (liver, tongue, heart) with a shelf life of more than 6 months;

10) meat of bulls, boars and lean animals;

11) conditionally fit meat and offal;

12) aquaculture products;

13) butter, made with the addition of vegetable raw materials, with a milk fat content of less than 82%;

14) salted butter;

15) rapeseed and cottonseed vegetable oils with a high content of erucic acid;

16) concentrated juices obtained by diffusion.

36. In the production of children's, dietary and preventive nutrition products, it is not allowed to use artificial food additives and food raw materials made using feed and feed additives, animal growth stimulants (including hormonal drugs), certain types of medicines, pesticides, agrochemicals , genetically modified objects, biologically active food supplements.

37. In the production of children's herbal teas, medicinal plant raw materials are used, registered in the manner established by the authorized body in the field of healthcare.

38. In the production of dietary products, it is allowed to use food additives that are approved for use in the Republic of Kazakhstan and comply with the requirements of the Technical Regulation "Requirements for the safety of food additives, their production and circulation".

39. To impart a specific aroma and taste in the production of baby food, only natural food flavors (flavoring substances and natural dyes of plant origin) may be used.

40. The use of synthetic sweeteners in the production of baby food is not allowed, with the exception of specialized products for children with diabetes.

41. All loose auxiliary materials must be passed through magnetic traps before use.

42. The presence of pathogenic microorganisms that cause infectious diseases and posing a risk to human health.

43. Dietary products must meet the physiological needs of the human body for the necessary nutrients and energy, taking into account risk factors and pathogenesis of diseases, comply with established hygienic requirements for the permissible content of chemical, biologically active substances and compounds, microorganisms and other biological organisms that pose a threat to the health of the current and future generations.

44. Depending on the composition of raw materials, baby food is divided into the following groups - cereals, grain-and-milk, fruit-and-vegetable, fruit-and-milk, fruit-and-cereal, meat, products from fish and non-fish species, meat and vegetable, fish and vegetable, vegetable-meat, vegetable-fish, dairy, combined.

45. The expiration dates, storage conditions, modes of transportation and sale of children's, dietary and preventive nutrition products before and after opening consumer packaging are established by the manufacturer, taking into account the safety indicators of the raw materials used, food additives and ingredients, technological modes of production, material and packaging technology on based on research results.

46. ​​For the transportation of products for children, dietary and preventive nutrition, vehicles with sanitary passport of the established sample, issued by the state sanitary and epidemiological service in the prescribed manner.

47. Vehicles must ensure the temperature and humidity conditions of transportation, be serviceable and clean.

48. Utilization and destruction of children's, dietary and preventive nutrition products must be carried out in accordance with the legislation in the field of food safety.

5. Requirements for packaging and labeling of products for children,
dietary and preventive nutrition

49. Packaging and labeling of products for children, dietary and preventive nutrition must comply with the requirements of the Technical Regulations "Requirements for packaging, labeling, labeling and their correct application."

50. Product packaging must ensure its safety at all stages of circulation, subject to the conditions of its transportation and storage.

51. Packaging containers that come into contact with products for children, dietary and preventive nutrition must be made of materials permitted for use in the Republic of Kazakhstan.

52. Products for nutrition of young children should be produced in sealed packaging, not exceeding the following volumes:

1) fruit, vegetable, fruit and vegetable juices and nectars - 0.35 l;

2) canned fruit, vegetable and fruit and vegetable purees, including liquid and puree-like complementary foods on a fruit-milk and fruit-grain basis - 0.25 kg;

3) dry products (breast milk substitutes, subsequent mixtures; complementary foods on a grain and grain-milk basis) - 1 kg;

4) liquid adapted and partially adapted breast milk substitutes and subsequent mixtures - 0.2 l;

5) drinking milk, cream, fermented milk products - 0.25 l;

6) pasty dairy products - 0.1 kg;

7) canned meat and fish purees - 0.13 kg;

8) canned meat (fish), vegetable and vegetable-meat (fish) products - 0.25 kg;

9) complementary foods on a combined basis - 0.25 kg.

53. Labeling of baby food products should include the following additional information:

2) the nutritional value of the product, including the content of vitamins, minerals and energy value (when enriching the product - a percentage of the daily requirement). Quantitative information about the nutritional value of products is given if the content of nutrients exceeds 5% of the daily requirement for this micronutrient;

3) expiration date and storage conditions before and after opening the consumer packaging;

4) method of preparation (if necessary);

The label should contain the inscription "Baby food" in font size not less than the main one.

54. Labeling of breast milk substitutes should include information about the benefits of breastfeeding.

55. On children's diet food products, the labeling should contain clear indications of the intended use of the product, the features of its composition and recommendations for use in nutrition.

56. Labeling of dietary products includes the following additional information:

1) ingredient composition in descending order by weight or percentage;

2) purpose and conditions of use;

3) information on nutritional value (content of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, macro- and microelements), percentage of the daily requirement;

4) methods and conditions for preparing ready-made meals (in relation to concentrates and semi-finished products of dietary products);

5) storage conditions (in relation to dietary products for which requirements for their storage conditions are established);

6) contraindications.

6. Risk assessment

57. Risk assessment for all identified hazards is carried out by calculation, experimental and (or) expert way with the possibility of its verification.

58. The application of measures to ensure the safety of infant, dietary and preventive foods should be based on a risk analysis.

59. When assessing the safety risk of children's, dietary and preventive nutrition products, available scientific data, appropriate methods of processing and production (manufacturing), methods of inspection, sampling control, laboratory research, the prevalence of specific diseases, the presence of zones free from diseases.

60. The risk assessment of the safety of products for children, dietary and preventive nutrition is carried out by:

1) identifying the characteristics of food products that can cause harmful effects on the human body;

2) analysis of the impact of each of the identified potential hazards on the human body and their consequences;

3) determination of measures to limit the identified risks.

61. Risk assessment of the safety of products for children, dietary and preventive nutrition is carried out as a comprehensive risk assessment during laboratory research food products.

62. Production control is carried out in accordance with the program production control, which is being developed by the legal, individual and individual entrepreneur on the basis of this technical regulation and is agreed by the territorial body of the state sanitary and epidemiological supervision.

63. Records reflecting control studies or tests are kept at the enterprise for one year after the expiration date of the dietary product, and certificates of quality and safety - for 30 (thirty) days.

64. Information on risk assessment and measures to limit it in all processes (at stages) of development (creation), production (manufacturing), circulation, disposal and destruction of baby, dietary and preventive nutrition products should be contained in the regulatory and technical documentation.

It is not allowed to develop (create) new types of products for children, dietary and preventive nutrition without conducting a risk analysis in accordance with the requirements established by the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan on food safety.

65. Risk management should be based on the results of a risk assessment, as well as on the principle of preventing possible harmful effects on human life and health.

7. Confirmation of conformity

66. Confirmation of the safety of products for children, dietary and preventive nutrition is the presence of a document of the established form on state registration, issued in the manner approved by the authorized body in the field of healthcare.

67. Products for children, dietary and preventive nutrition can be directed to voluntary certification at the request of the manufacturer (manufacturer) of food additives, in accordance with the current legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of technical regulation.

8. List of harmonized standards

68. The list of harmonized standards that ensure the fulfillment of the requirements established by this technical regulation is given in Appendix 2 to this technical regulation.

69. Harmonization of applicable existing standards for children's, dietary and preventive nutrition products that ensure compliance with the safety requirements established by this technical regulation, is carried out in accordance with the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan on technical regulation.

9. Terms and conditions of entry into force

70. This technical regulation shall enter into force upon expiry of six months from the date of official publication.

71. Documents in the field of conformity assessment, issued before the entry into force of this technical regulation, are considered valid until the expiration of their validity.

Appendix 1
to the technical regulation

Product List,
to which the requirements of this
technical regulations*

TN VED RK code	Position name
1602	Prepared or canned foods from meat, meat offal or blood:
1602 10 00
1602 10 001 0	For baby food
1602 10 009 0	Other
1901 10 000 0	Baby food packaged for retail
2005	Other vegetables, cooked or canned, no vinegar added or acetic acid, not frozen, other than products of heading 2006:
2005 10 00	Vegetables homogenized:
2005 10 001 0	For baby food
2007	Jams, fruit jelly, marmalades, purees fruit or nut, fruit paste or nut, obtained by thermal processing, including adding sugar or other sweeteners:
2007 10	Homogenized finished products:
2007 10 10	With a sugar content of more than 13 wt.%:
2007 10 101 0	For baby food
2007 10 91	From tropical fruits:
2007 10 911 0	For baby food
2007 10 991 0	For baby food
2104	Soups and broths, ready-made and preparations for them cooking; homogenized compound prepared food products:
2104 20 001 0	For baby food

* Product codes are indicated according to the classifier "Commodity nomenclature of foreign economic activity of the Republic of Kazakhstan".

Appendix 2
to the technical regulation

List of harmonized standards

GOST 30555-98 Canned fruits for diet food. Specifications
GOST 30579-98 Canned vegetables for dietary nutrition. Specifications.
GOST 21831-76E Food concentrates, dry products for children and diet food supplied for export. Technical requirements.