Thermal insulation for heating pipes in the open air and in the apartment: characteristics, dimensions. Thermal insulation for heating pipes, and what you need to know about it

In the practice of private construction, it is not so common, but there are still situations when heating communications need to be not only spread across the premises of the main house, but also stretched to other nearby buildings. It can be residential outbuildings, extensions, summer kitchens, economic or agricultural buildings, for example, used for keeping domestic animals or birds. The option is not excluded when, on the contrary, the autonomous boiler house itself is located in a separate building, at some distance from the main residential building. It happens that the house is connected to the central heating main, from which pipes are stretched to it.

The laying of heating pipes between buildings is possible in two ways - underground (channel or channelless) and open. The process of installing a local heating main above the ground seems less time-consuming, and this option is used more often in conditions of independent construction. One of the main conditions for the efficiency of the system is a properly planned and well-executed thermal insulation for outdoor heating pipes. This is the question that will be considered in this publication.

It would seem nonsense - why insulate the already almost always hot pipes of the heating system? Perhaps someone can be misled by a kind of "play on words." In the case under consideration, of course, it would be more correct to conduct a conversation using the concept of "thermal insulation".

Thermal insulation work on any pipelines has two main goals:

• If pipes are used in heating or hot water supply systems, then the reduction of heat losses, maintaining the required temperature of the pumped liquid comes to the fore. The same principle is also valid for industrial or laboratory installations, where the technology requires maintaining a certain temperature of the substance transferred through the pipes.
• For pipelines of cold water supply or sewer communications, it is insulation that becomes the main factor, that is, preventing the temperature in the pipes from falling below a critical level, preventing freezing, leading to failure of the system and deformation of the pipes.

By the way, such a precaution is required for both heating mains and hot water pipes - no one is completely immune from emergencies on boiler equipment.

The very cylindrical shape of the pipes predetermines a very large area of ​​constant heat exchange with the environment, which means significant heat losses. And they naturally grow as the diameter of the pipeline increases. The table below clearly shows how the value of heat loss changes depending on the temperature difference inside and outside the pipe (column Δt °), on the diameter of the pipes and on the thickness of the thermal insulation layer (data are given taking into account the use of insulation material with an average thermal conductivity coefficient λ = 0.04 W/m×°C).

The thickness of the thermal insulation layer. mm	Δt.°С	Pipe outer diameter (mm)
		15	20	25	32	40	50	65	80	100	150
		The amount of heat loss (per 1 running meter pipeline. W).
10	20	7.2	8.4	10	12	13.4	16.2	19	23	29	41
	30	10.7	12.6	15	18	20.2	24.4	29	34	43	61
	40	14.3	16.8	20	24	26.8	32.5	38	45	57	81
	60	21.5	25.2	30	36	40.2	48.7	58	68	86	122
20	20	4.6	5.3	6.1	7.2	7.9	9.4	11	13	16	22
	30	6.8	7.9	9.1	10.8	11.9	14.2	16	19	24	33
	40	9.1	10.6	12.2	14.4	15.8	18.8	22	25	32	44
	60	13.6	15.7	18.2	21.6	23.9	28.2	33	38	48	67
30	20	3.6	4.1	4.7	5.5	6	7	8	9	11	16
	30	5.4	6.1	7.1	8.2	9	10.6	12	14	17	24
	40	7.3	8.31	9.5	10.9	12	14	16	19	23	31
	60	10.9	12.4	14.2	16.4	18	21	24	28	34	47
40	20	3.1	3.5	4	4.6	4.9	5.8	7	8	9	12
	30	4.7	5.3	6	6.8	7.4	8.6	10	11	14	19
	40	6.2	7.1	7.9	9.1	10	11.5	13	15	18	25
	60	9.4	10.6	12	13.7	14.9	17.3	20	22	27	37

As the thickness of the insulation layer increases, the total heat loss decreases. However, please note that even a fairly thick layer of 40 mm does not completely eliminate heat loss. There is only one conclusion - it is necessary to strive to use insulating materials with the lowest possible coefficient of thermal conductivity - this is one of the main requirements for thermal insulation of pipelines.

Sometimes a pipe heating system is also required!

When laying water or sewer communications, it happens that, due to the peculiarities of the local climate or specific installation conditions, thermal insulation alone is clearly not enough. We have to resort to forced installation of heating cables - this topic is discussed in more detail in a special publication of our portal.

• The material that is used for thermal insulation of pipes, if possible, should have hydrophobic qualities. There will be little current from a heater soaked with water - it will not prevent heat loss either, and it will soon collapse under the influence of negative temperatures.
• The thermal insulation structure must have reliable external protection. Firstly, it needs protection from atmospheric moisture, especially if a heater is used that can actively absorb water. Secondly, materials should be protected from exposure to the ultraviolet spectrum of sunlight, which is detrimental to them. Thirdly, one should not forget about the wind load that can violate the integrity of thermal insulation. And, fourthly, there remains the factor of external mechanical impact, unintentional, including from animals, or due to banal manifestations of vandalism.

In addition, for any owner of a private house, moments of aesthetic appearance laid heating pipeline.

• Any thermal insulation material used on heating mains must have a range of operating temperatures corresponding to the actual conditions of use.
• An important requirement for the insulation material and its outer lining is the durability of use. No one wants to return to the problems of thermal insulation of pipes even once every few years.
• From a practical point of view, one of the main requirements is the ease of installation of thermal insulation, and in any position and in any complex area. Fortunately, in this regard, manufacturers do not get tired of pleasing user-friendly developments.
• An important requirement for thermal insulation is that its materials must themselves be chemically inert and not enter into any reactions with the pipe surface. Such compatibility is the key to the duration of trouble-free operation.

The issue of cost is also very important. But in this regard, the price range for specialized pipe insulation is very large.

What materials are used to insulate aboveground heating mains

The choice of thermal insulation materials for heating pipes for their external laying is quite large. They are of a roll type or in the form of mats, they can be given a cylindrical or other figured shape convenient for installation, there are heaters that are applied in liquid form and acquire their properties only after solidification.

Insulation with polyethylene foam

Foamed polyethylene is rightly referred to as a very effective thermal insulator. And more importantly, the cost of this material is one of the lowest.

The coefficient of thermal conductivity of foamed polyethylene is usually in the region of 0.035 W / m × ° C - this is a very good indicator. The smallest gas-filled bubbles isolated from each other create an elastic structure, and with such material, if its rolled version is purchased, it is very convenient to work on pipe sections with complex configurations.

Such a structure becomes a reliable barrier to moisture - with proper installation, neither water nor water vapor can penetrate through it to the pipe walls.

The density of polyethylene foam is low (about 30 - 35 kg / m³), ​​and thermal insulation does not make the pipes heavier.

The material, with some assumption, can be categorized as low hazard in terms of flammability - it usually belongs to class G-2, that is, it is very difficult to ignite, and without an external flame it quickly fades. Moreover, combustion products, unlike many other thermal insulators, do not pose any serious toxic hazard to humans.

Rolled foamed polyethylene for insulation of external heating mains will be both inconvenient and unprofitable - you will have to wind several layers in order to achieve the required thermal insulation thickness. It is much more convenient to use material in the form of sleeves (cylinders), in which an internal channel is provided that corresponds to the diameter of the insulated pipe. For putting on pipes, usually an incision is made along the length of the cylinder on the wall, which, after installation, can be sealed with reliable adhesive tape.

Putting insulation on the pipe is not difficult

A more effective type of polyethylene foam is penofol, which has a foil layer on one side. This shiny coating becomes a kind of thermal reflector, which significantly increases the insulating qualities of the material. In addition, it is an additional barrier against moisture penetration.

Penofol can also be of a roll type or in the form of profiled cylindrical elements - especially for thermal insulation of pipes for various purposes.

And all foamed polyethylene for thermal insulation of heating mains is used infrequently. It is more suitable for other communications. The reason for this is the rather low temperature range of operation. So. if you look at the physical characteristics, then the upper limit balances somewhere on the verge of 75 ÷ 85 degrees - higher, violations of the structure and the appearance of deformations are possible. For autonomous heating, most often, such a temperature is enough, however, on the verge, and for central heating, thermal stability is clearly not enough.

Expanded polystyrene insulation elements

The well-known expanded polystyrene (in everyday life it is often called polystyrene) is very widely used for a variety of types of thermal insulation work. Pipe insulation is no exception - for this, special parts are made of foam plastic.

Usually these are semi-cylinders (for pipes of large diameters there may be segments of a third of the circumference, 120 ° each), which are equipped with a tenon-groove lock for assembly into a single structure. This configuration allows you to completely, over the entire surface of the pipe, provide reliable thermal insulation, without the remaining "cold bridges".

In everyday speech, such details are called "shells" - for their clear resemblance to it. Many types of it are produced, for different outer diameters of insulated pipes and different thicknesses of the thermal insulation layer. Usually the length of the parts is 1000 or 2000 mm.

For the manufacture of polystyrene foam type PSB-S of various grades is used - from PSB-S-15 to PSB-S-35. The main parameters of this material are shown in the table below:

Estimated material parameters	Styrofoam brand
	PSB-S-15U	PSB-S-15	PSB-S-25	PSB-S-35	PSB-S-50
Density (kg/m³)	to 10	up to 15	15.1 ÷ 25	25.1 ÷ 35	35.1 ÷ 50
Compressive strength at 10% linear deformation (MPa, not less)	0.05	0.06	0.08	0.16	0.2
Bending strength (MPa, not less than)	0.08	0.12	0.17	0.36	0.35
Dry thermal conductivity at 25°C (W/(m×°K))	0,043	0,042	0,039	0,037	0,036
Water absorption in 24 hours (% by volume, no more)	3	2	2	2	2
Humidity (%, no more)	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.4

The advantages of polystyrene foam as an insulating material have long been known:

• It has a low thermal conductivity.
• The low weight of the material greatly simplifies the insulation work, which does not require any special mechanisms or devices.
• The material is biologically inert - it will not be a breeding ground for the formation of mold or fungus.
• Moisture absorption is negligible.
• The material is easy to cut, fit to the desired size.
• Polyfoam is chemically inert, absolutely safe for pipe walls, no matter what material they are made of.
• One of key strengths- Styrofoam is one of the most inexpensive heaters.

However, it also has many disadvantages:

• First of all, it is a low level of fire safety. The material cannot be called non-combustible and does not spread flame. That is why when using it for warming ground pipelines, fire breaks must be left.
• The material does not have elasticity, and it is convenient to use it only on straight sections of the pipe. True, you can find special curly details.

• Polyfoam does not belong to durable materials - it is easily destroyed under external influence. Ultraviolet radiation also has a negative effect on it. In a word, the above-ground sections of the pipe, insulated with polystyrene shells, will definitely require additional protection in the form of a metal casing.

Usually, in stores that sell foam shells, they also offer galvanized sheets, cut into the desired size, corresponding to the diameter of the insulation. An aluminum shell can also be used, although it is certainly much more expensive. Sheets can be fixed with self-tapping screws or clamps - the resulting casing will simultaneously create anti-vandal, anti-wind, waterproofing protection and a barrier from sunlight.

• And yet even this is not the main thing. The upper limit of normal temperatures for operation is only around 75 ° C, after which linear and spatial deformation of parts can begin. Like it or not, this value may not be enough for heating. Perhaps it makes sense to look for a more reliable option.

Insulation of pipes with mineral wool or products based on it

The most "ancient" method of thermal insulation of external pipelines is with the use of mineral wool. By the way, it is also the most budgetary, if it is not possible to purchase a foam shell.

Used for thermal insulation of pipelines different kinds mineral wool - glass wool, stone (basalt) and slag. Slag wool is the least preferred: firstly, it most actively absorbs moisture, and secondly, its residual acidity can be very destructive to steel pipes. Even the cheapness of this cotton wool does not at all justify the risks of its use.

But mineral wool based on basalt or glass fibers is fully suitable. It has good indicators of thermal resistance to heat transfer, high chemical resistance, the material is elastic, and it is easy to lay it even on complex sections of pipelines. Another advantage - you can be, in principle, completely calm in terms of fire safety. It is almost impossible to heat up mineral wool to the degree of ignition in the conditions of an external heating main. Even exposure to an open flame will not cause the spread of fire. That is why mineral wool is used to fill fire gaps when using other pipe insulation.

The main disadvantage of mineral wool is its high water absorption (basalt is less susceptible to this “ailment”). This means that any pipeline will require mandatory protection from moisture. In addition, the structure of wool is not resistant to mechanical stress, it is easily destroyed, and it should be protected with a strong casing.

Usually, a strong polyethylene film is used, which is securely wrapped with a layer of insulation, with a mandatory overlap of strips by 400 ÷ 500 mm, and then all this is covered with metal sheets from above - exactly by analogy with a polystyrene shell. Roofing material can also be used as a waterproofing - in this case, 100 ÷ 150 mm of overlap of one strip on another will be enough.

The existing GOSTs determine the thickness of protective metal coatings for open sections of pipelines for any type of thermal insulation materials used:

Cover material	The minimum thickness of the metal, with the outer diameter of the insulation
	350 or less	Over 350 and up to 600	Over 600 and up to 1600
Stainless steel strips and sheets	0.5	0.5	0.8
Sheets from sheet steel, galvanized or color coated	0.5	0.8	0.8
Sheets of aluminum or aluminum alloys	0.3	0.5	0.8
Tapes made of aluminum or aluminum alloys	0.25	-	-

Thus, despite the seemingly inexpensive price of the insulation itself, its full installation will require considerable additional costs.

Mineral wool for pipeline insulation can also act in a different capacity - it serves as a material for the manufacture of finished thermal insulation parts, by analogy with polyethylene foam cylinders. Moreover, such products are produced both for straight sections of pipelines, and for turns, tees, etc.

Typically, such insulating parts are made of the most dense - basalt mineral wool, have an external foil coating, which immediately removes the problem of waterproofing and increases the efficiency of insulation. But you still won’t be able to get away from the outer casing - a thin layer of foil will not protect against accidental or intentional mechanical impact.

Warming of the heating main with polyurethane foam

One of the most effective and safest modern insulation materials in operation is polyurethane foam. He has a lot of various advantages, so the material is used on almost any structure that requires reliable insulation.

What are the features of polyurethane foam insulation?

Polyurethane foam for insulation of pipelines can be used in various forms.

• PPU-shell is widely used, usually having an external foil coating. It can be collapsible, consisting of half-cylinders with tongue-and-groove locks, or, for pipes of small diameter, with a cut along the length and special valve with a self-adhesive back surface, which greatly simplifies the installation of insulation.

• Another way to insulate a heating main with polyurethane foam is to spray it in liquid form using special equipment. The resulting foam layer after complete hardening becomes an excellent insulation. This technology is especially convenient at complex interchanges, pipe bends, in nodes with shut-off and control valves, etc.

The advantage of this technology is also that due to the excellent adhesion of polyurethane foam spraying to the pipe surface, excellent waterproofing and anti-corrosion protection are created. True, polyurethane foam itself also requires mandatory protection - from ultraviolet rays, so again it will not be possible to do without a casing.

• Well, if you need to lay a sufficiently long heating main, then probably the best choice would be to use pre-insulated (pre-insulated) pipes.

In fact, such pipes are a multilayer structure assembled at the factory:

- The inner layer is, in fact, the steel pipe itself of the required diameter, through which the coolant is pumped.

- External coating - protective. It can be polymeric (for laying a heating main in the thickness of the soil) or galvanized metal - what is required for open sections of the pipeline.

- Between the pipe and the casing, a monolithic, seamless layer of polyurethane foam is poured, which performs the function of effective thermal insulation.

An assembly area is left at both ends of the pipe for carrying out welding work when assembling a heating main. Its length is calculated in such a way that the heat flux from the welding arc will not damage the polyurethane foam layer.

After the installation, the remaining non-insulated areas are primed, covered with a polyurethane foam shell, and then with metal belts, comparing the coating with the common outer casing of the pipe. Often, it is in such areas that fire breaks are organized - they are densely filled with mineral wool, then they are waterproofed with roofing material and still covered with a steel or aluminum casing from above.

The standards establish a certain assortment of such sandwich pipes, that is, it is possible to purchase products of the desired conditional diameter with optimal (normal or reinforced) thermal insulation.

Outside diameter steel pipe and minimum thickness of its wall (mm)	Dimensions of galvanized sheet steel sheath		Estimated thickness of the thermal insulation layer of polyurethane foam (mm)
	nominal outside diameter (mm)	minimum thickness of steel sheet (mm)
32×3.0	100; 125; 140	0.55	46,0; 53,5
38×3.0	125; 140	0.55	43,0; 50,5
45×3.0	125; 140	0.55	39,5; 47,0
57×3.0	140	0.55	40.9
76×3.0	160	0.55	41.4
89×4.0	180	0.6	44.9
108×4.0	200	0.6	45.4
133×4.0	225	0.6	45.4
159×4.5	250	0.7	44.8
219×6.0	315	0.7	47.3
273×7.0	400	0.8	62.7
325×7.0	450	0.8	61.7

Manufacturers offer such sandwich pipes not only for straight sections, but also for tees, bends, expansion joints, etc.

The cost of such pre-insulated pipes is quite high, but with their purchase and installation, a whole range of problems is solved at once. So these costs seem to be quite justified.

Video: production process of pre-insulated pipes

Insulation - foamed rubber

Thermo has become very popular lately. insulating materials and synthetic rubber foam products. This material has a number of advantages that bring it to a leading position in the issues of insulation of pipelines, including not only heating mains, but also more responsible ones - on complex technological lines, in machine, aircraft and shipbuilding:

• Foamed rubber is very elastic, but at the same time it has a large margin of tensile strength.
• The density of the material is only from 40 to 80 kg / m³.
• The low thermal conductivity provides very effective thermal insulation.
• The material does not shrink over time, completely retaining its original shape and volume.
• Foamed rubber is difficult to ignite and has the property of rapid self-extinguishing.
• The material is chemically and biologically inert; neither mold or fungus foci, nor nests of insects or rodents ever appear in it.
• The most important quality is almost absolute water and vapor impermeability. Thus, the insulation layer immediately becomes an excellent waterproofing for the pipe surface.

Such thermal insulation can be produced in the form of hollow tubes with inside diameter from 6 to 160 mm and the thickness of the insulation layer from 6 to 32 mm, or in the form of sheets, which are often given the function of "self-adhesive" on one side.

The name of indicators	Values
Length of finished tubes, mm:	1000 or 2000
Colour	black or silver, depending on the type of protective coating
Temperature range of application:	from - 50 to + 110 °С
Thermal conductivity, W / (m × ° С):	λ≤0.036 at 0°C
	λ≤0.039 at +40°C
Vapor permeability coefficient:	μ≥7000
Degree of fire hazard	Group G1
Permissible length change:	±1.5%

But for outdoor heating mains, ready-made insulation elements made using Armaflex ACE technology, which have a special protective covering"ArmaChek".

Coating "ArmaChek" can be of several types, for example:

• Arma-Chek Silver is a multi-layered PVC-based shell with a silver reflective coating. This coating provides excellent insulation protection against both mechanical stress and ultraviolet rays.
• The black "Arma-Chek D" finish has a high strength fiberglass backing that retains excellent flexibility. This is an excellent protection against all possible chemical, weather, mechanical influences, which will keep the heating pipe intact.

Typically, such products using ArmaChek technology have self-adhesive valves that hermetically “seal” the insulating cylinder on the pipe body. Figured elements are also produced, allowing installation on difficult sections of the heating main. Skillful use of such thermal insulation allows you to quickly and reliably mount it without resorting to the creation of an additional external protective casing - there is simply no need for it.

Probably the only thing that hinders the widespread use of such thermal insulation products for pipelines is the still prohibitively high price for real, "brand" products.

A new direction in insulation - heat-insulating paint

Can't miss another one modern technology insulation. And it is all the more pleasant to talk about it, since it is the development of Russian scientists. We are talking about ceramic liquid insulation, which is also known as heat-insulating paint.

This, without any doubt, is an "alien" from the field of space technology. It is in this scientific and technical branch that the issues of thermal insulation from critically low (in open space) or high (during the launch of ships and landing of descent vehicles) are especially acute.

The thermal insulation qualities of ultra-thin coatings seem simply fantastic. At the same time, such a coating becomes an excellent hydro and vapor barrier, protecting the pipe from all possible external influences. Well, the heating main itself takes on a well-groomed, pleasing look.

The paint itself is a suspension of microscopic, vacuum-filled silicone and ceramic capsules suspended in liquid state in a special composition, including acrylic, rubber and other components. After applying and drying the composition, a thin elastic film is formed on the surface of the pipe, which has outstanding thermal insulation qualities.

Names of indicators	unit of measurement	Value
paint color	white (can be customized)
Appearance after application and complete curing	matt, even, uniform surface
Flexural elasticity of the film	mm	1
Adhesion of the coating according to the force of separation from the painted surface
- to the concrete surface	MPa	1.28
- to the brick surface	MPa	2
- to steel	MPa	1.2
Coating resistance to temperature difference from -40 °С to + 80 °С	without changes
Resistance of the coating to the effects of temperature +200 °C for 1.5 hours	no yellowing, cracks, peeling or blisters
Durability for concrete and metal surfaces in a moderately cold climatic region (Moscow)	years	at least 10
Thermal conductivity	W/m °C	0,0012
Vapor permeability	mg/m × h × Pa	0.03
Water absorption in 24 hours	% by volume	2
Operating temperature range	°C	from - 60 to + 260

Such a coating does not require additional protective layers - it is strong enough to cope with all the impacts on its own.

Such a liquid insulation is sold in plastic cans (buckets), like ordinary paint. There are several manufacturers, and among the domestic brands, the brands "Bronya" and "Korund" can be especially noted.

Such thermal paint can be applied by aerosol spraying or in the usual way - with a roller and brush. The number of layers depends on the operating conditions of the heating main, the climatic region, the diameter of the pipes, the average temperature of the pumped coolant.

Many experts believe that such heaters will eventually replace the usual thermal insulation materials on a mineral or organic basis.

Video: presentation of ultra-thin thermal insulation brand "Korund"

What thickness of heating mains insulation is required

Summing up the review of the materials used for thermal insulation of heating pipes, you can see the performance indicators of the most popular of them in the table - for clarity of comparison:

Thermal insulation material or product	Average density in finished structure, kg/m3	Thermal conductivity of thermal insulation material (W/(m×°C)) for surfaces with temperature (°C)		Operating temperature range, °C	Flammability group
		20 and above	19 and below
Mineral wool pierced plates	120	0,045	0.044 ÷ 0.035	From - 180 to + 450 for mats, on fabric, mesh, fiberglass canvas; up to + 700 - on a metal mesh	non-combustible
	150	0,05	0.048 ÷ 0.037
Heat-insulating slabs of mineral wool on a synthetic binder	65	0.04	0.039 ÷ 0.03	From - 60 to + 400	non-combustible
	95	0,043	0.042 ÷ 0.031
	120	0,044	0.043 ÷ 0.032	From - 180 + 400
	180	0,052	0.051 ÷ 0.038
Thermal insulation products made of foamed ethylene-polypropylene rubber Aeroflex	60	0,034	0,033	From - 55 to + 125	Slightly combustible
Semi-cylinders and mineral wool cylinders	50	0,04	0.039 ÷ 0.029	From - 180 to + 400	non-combustible
	80	0,044	0.043 ÷ 0.032
	100	0,049	0.048 ÷ 0.036
	150	0,05	0.049 ÷ 0.035
	200	0,053	0.052 ÷ 0.038
Thermal insulation cord made of mineral wool	200	0,056	0.055 ÷ 0.04	From - 180 to + 600 depending on the material of the mesh tube	In mesh tubes metal wire and glass threads - non-combustible, the rest are slightly combustible
Glass staple fiber mats with synthetic binder	50	0,04	0.039 ÷ 0.029	From - 60 to + 180	non-combustible
	70	0,042	0.041 ÷ 0.03
Mats and wool made of superfine glass fiber without binder	70	0,033	0.032 ÷ 0.024	From - 180 to + 400	non-combustible
Mats and wool made of super-thin basalt fiber without a binder	80	0,032	0.031 ÷ 0.024	From - 180 to + 600	Non-combustible
Perlite sand, expanded, fine	110	0,052	0.051 ÷ 0.038	From - 180 to + 875	non-combustible
	150	0,055	0.054 ÷ 0.04
	225	0,058	0.057 ÷ 0.042
Thermal insulation products made of expanded polystyrene	30	0,033	0.032 ÷ 0.024	From - 180 to + 70	combustible
	50	0,036	0.035 ÷ 0.026
	100	0,041	0.04 ÷ 0.03
Thermal insulation products made of polyurethane foam	40	0,030	0.029 ÷ 0.024	From - 180 to + 130	combustible
	50	0,032	0.031 ÷ 0.025
	70	0,037	0.036 ÷ 0.027
Thermal insulation products made of polyethylene foam	50	0,035	0,033	From - 70 to + 70	combustible

But for sure, an inquisitive reader will ask: where is the answer to one of the main questions that arise - what should be the thickness of the insulation?

This question is quite complex, and there is no single answer to it. If you wish, you can use cumbersome calculation formulas, but they are probably understandable only to qualified heating engineers. However, not everything is so scary.

Manufacturers of finished thermal insulation products (shells, cylinders, etc.) usually lay down the required thickness, calculated for a particular region. And if mineral wool insulation is used, then you can use the data of the tables that are given in a special Code of Rules, which is designed specifically for thermal insulation of pipelines and technological equipment. This document is easy to find on the web by entering a search query "SP 41-103-2000".

Here, for example, is a table from this handbook regarding the above-ground placement of the pipeline in the Central region of Russia, using mats made of glass staple fiber grade M-35, 50:

Outer diameter pipeline, mm	Type of heating pipe
	innings	return line	innings	return line	innings	return line
	Average temperature mode of the coolant, °C
	65	50	90	50	110	50
	Required insulation thickness, mm
45	50	50	45	45	40	40
57	58	58	48	48	45	45
76	67	67	51	51	50	50
89	66	66	53	53	50	50
108	62	62	58	58	55	55
133	68	68	65	65	61	61
159	74	74	64	64	68	68
219	78	78	76	76	82	82
273	82	82	84	84	92	92
325	80	80	87	87	93	93

Similarly, you can find the desired parameters for other materials. By the way, the same Code of Rules does not recommend significantly exceeding the specified thickness. Moreover, the maximum values ​​​​of the insulation layer for pipelines are also determined:

Outer diameter of the pipeline, mm	Maximum thickness of the thermal insulation layer, mm
	temperature 19 ° C and below	temperature 20 ° C or more
18	80	80
25	120	120
32	140	140
45	140	140
57	150	150
76	160	160
89	180	170
108	180	180
133	200	200
159	220	220
219	230	230
273	240	230
325	240	240

However, do not forget about one important nuance. The fact is that any insulation with a fibrous structure inevitably shrinks over time. And this means that after a certain period of time, its thickness may become insufficient for reliable thermal insulation of the heating main. There is only one way out - even when installing insulation, immediately take into account this amendment for shrinkage.

To calculate, you can apply the following formula:

H = ((D + h) : (D + 2 h)) × h× Kc

H- the thickness of the mineral wool layer, taking into account the correction for compaction.

D- outer diameter of the pipe to be insulated;

h- the required thickness of insulation according to the table of the Code of Practice.

Ks- coefficient of shrinkage (compaction) of fibrous insulation. It is a calculated constant whose value can be taken from the table below:

Thermal insulation materials and products	Compaction factor Kc.
Mineral wool mats	1.2
Heat-insulating mats "TEHMAT"	1.35 ÷ 1.2
Mats and canvases made of super-thin basalt fiber when laying on pipelines and equipment with nominal diameter, mm:
Doo	3
	1,5
DN ≥ 800 at an average density of 23 kg/m3	2
̶ the same, with an average density of 50-60 kg/m3	1,5
Mats made of glass staple fiber on a synthetic binder brand:
M-45, 35, 25	1.6
M-15	2.6
Glass staple fiber mats "URSA" brand:
M-11:
̶ for pipes with DN up to 40 mm	4,0
̶ for pipes with DN from 50 mm and above	3,6
M-15, M-17	2.6
M-25:
̶ for pipes with DN up to 100 mm	1,8
̶ for pipes with DN from 100 to 250 mm	1,6
̶ for pipes with DN over 250 mm	1,5
Mineral wool boards on a synthetic binder brand:
35, 50	1.5
75	1.2
100	1.10
125	1.05
Glass staple fiber board grades:
P-30	1.1
P-15, P-17 and P-20	1.2

To help the interested reader, a special calculator is placed below, in which the indicated ratio is already included. It is worth entering the requested parameters - and immediately get the required thickness of mineral wool insulation, taking into account the amendment.

The insulation of heating pipes is important aspect in the creation of energy-saving technologies, and this issue is acute today.

Currently developed a large number of insulating materials and ways of their optimal use in various industrial areas.

But, it is necessary to rationally use energy not only in industry, but also in everyday life. Insulation of heating lines is not only desirable, but also turns into a vital necessity.

In general, the process of thermal insulation is aimed not only at maintaining the temperature regime at a stable level, but also at protecting the heat carrier from freezing during the cold period.

Thermal insulation materials are of the following types:

• piece;
• in rolls;
• combined;
• for filling;
• casing.

Depending on the technical characteristics and insulation parameters, these materials are used in the following networks:

• ventilation;
• supply of cold and hot water;
• technical equipment;
• steam heating.

The choice of protective material must be approached with great responsibility, because it is a guarantee of warmth and comfort in people's homes.

The types of the most effective insulating material are as follows:

1. Thermal insulation paint. It is attributed to the achievements of Russian science. One layer of this coating can be a replacement for several centimeters of polystyrene foam and mineral wool. Wherein given material does no harm environment and resistant to high temperatures. This type of pipeline insulation is used in difficult production conditions.
2. . This material is characterized by low heat conductivity and fire resistance. For these reasons, it has found extensive use in the protection of heating systems. But, this type of protection refers to expensive building materials.
3. Insulation with polyurethane foam. They began to use it for thermal insulation recently, but they have already managed to evaluate its practicality.
4. Styrofoam. This is practically the same pinoplast. This option is distinguished by affordable cost and simple fasteners.
5. . It is a shell resembling a pipe in shape.

Choice of insulating material

When choosing a heater for heating installed on the street, opt for those samples that are not afraid of moisture. The heater that is selected must have:

• minimum thermal conductivity;
• do not react to acids, alkalis and other chemically active components;
• resistance to oxidation and corrosion;
• long service life;
• fire resistance;
• safety for human life;
• ease of installation process.

Why is outdoor insulation needed?

The answer to this question is simple. It is rather not about insulation, but about the thermal insulation of heating systems on the street. The overall efficiency of all heating will depend on the quality of the insulation.

The main thing is not what materials the insulation was carried out, but how well the installation was done!

Warming will help smooth out the shortcomings during installation or some of the disadvantages of physical and chemical properties insulation from which the heating itself is made.

Thermal insulation should close the entire pipeline from negative natural phenomena and mechanical damage. The insulation will protect pipes located in the open air from premature destruction and the negative effects of ultraviolet rays.

Polymer samples are resistant to corrosion, but they require good frost protection, as they are prone to freezing, mechanical damage and abrasion, while metal samples, which are more rigid and reliable at first glance, quickly oxidize and become unusable.

Another disadvantage of metal is its high thermal conductivity, which is not very good for heating systems. Proper heat and waterproofing (insulation) will eliminate the above disadvantages without wasting heat.

Everyone chooses the choice of insulation according to their own parameters, based on personal preferences and wishes.

Examples of thermal insulation materials

The process of high-quality thermal insulation or heating insulation is carried out by many companies. Although this process has been established at a high level in our time, the majority of people prefer to carry out thermal insulation on their own.

Naturally, to carry out this type of work, you will need to stock up on some knowledge in order to properly carry out the procedure without the involvement of professionals.

Foamed insulation. Today, such an inexpensive material as foamed polyethylene foam is often preferred. It is sold in rolls and is worn directly on the pipe as a cover, keeping it as warm as possible even outdoors.

At the same time, foamed polyethylene foam is resistant to high temperatures, is environmentally friendly and easy to install right on the street. The main thing, after the cover is dressed, do not forget to glue its ends together.

. It can be of two types:

• basalt wool - works at temperatures up to 650˚С and does not emit toxic substances. The material is made from rock with a maximum composition of basalt.
• fiberglass wool - made from quartz sand and glass. Works well at temperatures up to 180˚С.

The following types of thermal insulation are used in parallel with waterproofing:

• in the process of insulation with mineral wool, aluminum foil is wound over the base layer, which is fastened with a metal wire;
• for engineering structures, foam molds can be made that allow you to insulate the pipeline on your own.

Due to the fact that the foam is not 100% water repellent, it is not the most the best option for outdoor heating.

Manufacturers produce this insulation in rolls and packs in the form of mats. It does not melt or deform under the influence of high temperatures, therefore it is often used for thermal insulation of heating systems.

The disadvantage of mineral wool is that it absorbs water and loses its thermal insulation properties. Therefore, the insulation of a large system with this material is not economically viable, since with it you will have to purchase protective equipment from moisture penetration.

Innovative insulation - penofol

Today, penofol is increasingly used for thermal insulation of highways on the street. This insulation is made of polyethylene foam covered on one side with aluminum foil for protection and maximum thermal insulation.

The material is sold in rolls and. Penofol is flexible and during installation it fits snugly, well covering the places of sharp turns and bends.

Its high thermal insulation properties and low price make foam insulation the most commonly used method when working with large heating systems.

This is the best choice for those who want to carry out insulation work on their own plots with their own hands.

Today, a huge number of thermal insulation materials are presented on the construction market, the use of which does not require special tools and skills.

Description and technical characteristics of polyurethane foam

Insulation with polyurethane foam is suitable for both metal and plastic heating systems located outdoors.

This material is suitable for outdoor insulation of pipes of various diameters and is also called "shell". The material is also coated on one side with aluminum foil to reduce the overall thermal conductivity of the coating.

However, it is worth noting that, compared with other types, insulation with polyurethane foam occurs by winding pipes not even in three layers, but at least five, and preferably eight.

Although it looks aesthetically pleasing, which is naturally important for heating systems that are located in the open air, such an expense is not justified.

You will have to wrap at least five layers to achieve the desired result, and this will lead to additional expenses.

Another disadvantage of polyurethane foam– minimal protection against frost and heat loss.

Everyone has the right to choose a suitable, in his opinion, insulation, the main thing is not to save money and take the issue seriously so that the heat reaches the recipient, and does not go to heat the air outside.

Note that the right outdoor pipe insulation can significantly extend the life of the heating system and its efficiency!

Thickness of thermal insulation of heating systems

The thickness of the insulation of heating pipelines is determined by calculation, which is based on the requirements of regulatory documentation.

It is not easy to make these calculations. To get the right result, you need to be patient and attentive. The most common method is the heat loss calculation.

At the same time, the SNIP rules indicate that the insulation of all heating pipelines must be calculated so that heat losses do not exceed the values ​​\u200b\u200bspecified in the SNIP.

In addition to SNIP, the thickness of the insulation is regulated by the Code of Rules, and it provides a simpler technique. These are the simplifications:

1. the heat loss during heating of the pipeline walls by the flowing medium is not as large as in the outer protection layer; for these reasons, they can be ignored.
2. most structures are made of steel, and its resistance to heat conduction is small, so the resistance of the walls of a metal structure can also be ignored.

The thickness of the insulation of a single-layer structure is calculated from complex formulas You can easily find them on the Internet. At the same time, SNIP standards suggest different formulas to determine the calculation for round pipes and for a flat surface.

The thickness of the insulation in several layers is calculated by formulas, and this is done for each layer separately.

When calculating the thickness of the insulation, it must be borne in mind that SNIP establishes exact values heat losses for pipelines of different volumes, and for various ways of laying them.

All these calculations are difficult to carry out, and in order to save time, many use a personal computer and special software. At the same time, the desired result is quickly and successfully obtained. We offer to download a free program for windows.

Protecting outdoor systems

Insulation of external heating pipelines is necessary so that the heat carrier retains heat for as long as possible. It is especially relevant for outdoor heating lines.

It takes a lot of heat to warm up the water, and if you do not insulate the external systems, then a significant part of it will simply be wasted on the way to the destination.

Pipeline insulation in buildings

Insulation of existing heating pipelines in the room does not lose its relevance. It is clear that in those areas where the pipeline must give its thermal energy, it is not necessary to isolate it.

But, the areas in the room where the pipes pass, for example, in the wall, need to be insulated. Otherwise, the heat will go to heat the wall.

Such protection in the room is not used very often, and it should be noted that without it the quality of heating suffers.

For a system located in the floor, high-density protective materials must be used. For example, any type of foam insulation will be effective indoors. They are great for insulation, and for ease of use, it is better to take tubular options.

These are soft and flexible tubes equipped with a longitudinal slit. They are easy to put on and are fixed with a special clip. If the installation of such a heater in the room is done correctly, then it will last a very long time.

Thermal protection on the street

Insulation of heating pipelines on the street requires a special approach. First of all, during such work, the possible influence of moisture should be calculated. Outside, it's snowing or raining. Also, when laying thermal insulation on the street, it is necessary to provide a waterproof layer.

The generally accepted options for thermal protection of the heat supply network on the street are as follows:

• Winding, which is made up of silk threads.
• Ruberoid.
• Winding from corrosion-resistant wire.

Outdoor protection options must meet the following requirements:

• Slight thermal conductivity.
• Moisture resistant. Moisture should not accumulate in the protection, this is especially important for the highway running in the ground.
• Resistant to aggressive environments. It should not collapse from the influence of low temperature and wind.
• Long time use.
• Simple padding.

Warming rules

The rules for insulating heating pipelines are quite numerous, here are some important points from them:

1. First of all, it is necessary to study the rules and norms of SNIP.
2. Insulation materials should be purchased from official suppliers. They manufacture products, observing all the rules and requirements of standards.
3. It is necessary to carry out thermal protection of pipelines in order to concentrate thermal energy in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bradiators. If you ignore the rules for insulating the central heating pipeline, then the heat will be directed to the walls and window openings.
4. Designers who are engaged in the arrangement of premises can ennoble the appearance of thermal insulation. But, to perform such work, you also need to follow your own rules. For example, when sewing with drywall, we must not forget about the holes for accessing the fittings.
5. Some heaters for the heating pipeline just need to be sawn. But some will need additional material for protection.

Requirements for the choice of thermal insulation of heating

When looking for thermal insulation for a heat network located in the open air, in addition to the above nuances, the following requirements must be followed:

1. An indicator of the thermal conductivity of a material.
2. Ability to withstand the environment.
3. Temperature range for work.
4. The duration of the period of use.
5. Ease of material installation.

Video: outdoor pipe insulation

Thermal insulation in the basement

Having completed the construction of the house, its owner must find out how to insulate pipes for the heating network.

After all, the decision in this situation is directly dependent on the type of premises where they pass. Therefore, thermal insulation for heating pipes in the basement should also be carried out after studying the options intended for such actions.

Video: thermal insulation in the basement

If there is increased ventilation in the attic, then the increased humidity of this room does not occur.

The basement is completely different. For the preparation of the heating system, this place is called the most critical.

Despite the fact that the highway passes below the freezing point of the soil, this does not exempt from such an event.

And from the place where the heating system enters basement to the locations of plumbing, it still needs to be thermally insulated.

ADVICE! Regardless of the type of product chosen to protect pipelines passing in the ground, they are additionally covered with a layer of waterproofing.

A lot of time to solve the issue of how to insulate pipes in this room does not go away. Experts are convinced that from the perspective of the best ratio of quality and cost, the best choice is expanded polystyrene.

This product is produced for products of different volumes, and each inhabitant can independently cope with the installation.

The use of mineral wool involves the completion of work in two stages:

1. First stage. This is a dense winding of the workpiece with a cloth and fasteners with a cord.
2. Second phase. A protective waterproofing is formed from the roofing material. Pre-cut, it is superimposed on mineral wool. All this is fixed with a nylon cord.

When doing work in the basement, we must not forget that the correct selection of the design and the correct laying become the key to a long service life and effective operation of the heating network.

Features of the heating pipeline passing underground

Thermal insulation for pipes in the ground is indispensable in cold winter time. Without a good insulation, the heat energy of the heat carrier will simply be spent on warming up the air, soil, and more. Accordingly, the efficiency of the network in such conditions decreases.

In order for a heating system located in the ground, to reduce heat losses, the following is necessary.

According to the norms of SNiP, the material for heating pipes that are laid in the ground must be characterized by a density of almost 400 kg / m3.

Additionally, these documents indicate that the structures for insulation should not contain flammable compounds.

So far, only mineral and glass wool have been used to insulate pipes in the ground. It can be found in thermal networks even now, but this option has some drawbacks.

They become the reason for the adoption of other heaters with better characteristics. A significant disadvantage in this case is the high hygroscopicity, which leads to a decrease in the protection of blanks in the ground.

Also, mineral wool, after prolonged use, suffers violations of its structural integrity, and this reduces its ability to retain heat.

IMPORTANT! A significant advantage of glass wool is its ability to work at high temperatures. This also includes excellent tolerance to chemical influences, excellent refractory properties and low price.

The latest technologies have brought insulation based on expanded polystyrene, foamed rubber with the addition of refractory additions.

They are hygroscopic, but ease of installation and low cost have led to the fact that they are laid most often.

Foamed polyethylene, which is currently very popular with consumers, deserves special attention.

The advantage of this product is its environmental safety. big row positive characteristics put it on the leading position in the ranking of the best products.

A little less often, the thermal insulation of pipes in the ground is carried out with synthetic rubber. This material also has a large number of positive qualities, but it has a higher price.

Heating pipes and insulation in the apartment

Many people mistakenly believe that thermal insulation of the heating system in the apartment is not needed. This is explained by the fact that the outgoing heat remains in the same room.

In reality, everything happens in such a way that the main source of heat in the apartment is radiators, but not the pipes that supply the coolant.

This problem is especially acute in a situation where the pipeline is hidden in the walls or in the floor, or is covered with a plasterboard building.

Such channels heat not only the apartment, but also the walls. Therefore, heat is lost when going outside. Similarly, everything happens with a concrete screed. The heat just goes into the ground.

From the above, the conclusion suggests itself that the system running in the apartment needs thermal insulation.

To date, most often plastic is taken for wiring the heating system. It does not conduct heat well, but, nevertheless, they do not fall to a minimum.

When producing this insulation in an apartment, the foamed polyethylene foam is cut lengthwise. So it fits comfortably on ecoplastic.

Each stick of such a product contains a drawn line along which an incision is made. After attachment to the workpiece, this thermal insulation takes its former shape.

In order for the laying to turn out to be dense and not contain gaps, the cut must be made with particular accuracy.

IMPORTANT! The topic of warming the heating system in the apartment is raised regularly. But, during discussions, regional features are not always remembered. If in some southern regions one can afford to do without the insulation of the heating system, which is hidden in the wall, then in any northern region such actions are tantamount to sabotage.

Thermal insulation in the apartment without loss, thanks to modern materials, can be done without much difficulty.

Video: Stenoflex 400 insulation

And, speaking of such measures, one cannot help but recall liquid thermal insulation, which is an alternative to other methods. This composition is characterized by a particularly stable heat transfer.

This paint is applied in a thin layer on the pipe. One such layer replaces polyurethane or polyethylene protection up to 5 cm thick.

How much protection is needed for the heating line

There are a certain number of people who question this question. They ask: “Why lay thermal protection on an already warm heating network?”.

It must be understood that thermal protection not only increases the efficiency of heating by retaining heat. It also prevents the negative impact of the external environment on the pipeline, does not allow structures to overheat or condensate.

To the above, we must add the fact that effective thermal protection is an important point in saving finances, and on a rather large scale.

IMPORTANT! Thermal protection of the highest quality may become ineffective if unprofessional installation steps are carried out by the craftsmen.

Choose desired material not difficult. Construction market offers a lot of options for these purposes, and they are all distinguished by an affordable price and good quality.

Entries

High-quality thermal insulation for heating pipes is the "gold standard" in modern construction. With energy prices on the rise and utility bills on the rise, the challenge of conserving precious heat is more pressing than ever. It is important to properly insulate the pipeline, not only outside, but also inside the house.

What should be the thermal insulation of external heating pipes

If part of the heating system is located outside the house and is not equipped with a layer of insulation, then it will heat the outside air. On the streets of large and small cities one can observe massive pipelines wrapped in a solid “fur coat”, from which pieces of glass wool stick out. This is what the traditional thermal insulation of heating pipelines looks like, a little worn out and in need of repair. Of course, the result of insulation work performed by professionals looks much more attractive and works more efficiently. To create such thermal insulation it is necessary:

1. Cover the pipes with a continuous layer of mineral (basalt, stone, slag, glass) wool.
2. Fix the insulation with silk thread.
3. Cover the mineral wool with a layer of waterproofing (roofing material is most often used).
4. Pull off the roofing material layer with wire.
5. In addition, close the thermal insulation with fiberglass, fixed with a special adhesive tape.

Mineral wool is widely used to insulate pipelines, but there are more effective options for thermal insulation.

Approximately in this way, thermal insulation of heating pipes has been carried out by public utilities over the past decades. This method is relatively inexpensive, quite reliable, but requires periodic repairs and maintenance.

Modern materials for insulation of the external pipeline

New technologies have made it possible to create materials that make the thermal insulation of outdoor heating pipes simpler and easier, and last longer. Among the most popular heaters, it should be noted:

• foamed polyethylene (thermoflex);
• polyurethane foam;
• foam insulation (polystyrene foam);
• liquid penoizol;
• thermal insulation paint.

Foamed polyethylene is supplied in the form of hollow cylinders, which are simply put on heating structures. Inside, the material contains closed air pores, which not only prevent heat loss, but also reduce the physical impact of the soil on the pipes.

Polyurethane foam is placed between the outer and inner frame, and during installation, the joints are insulated with a special foam. Foam insulation is a shell consisting of two parts - "shells", which are equipped with a tongue-and-groove connection.

Polyurethane foam for pipeline insulation is called PPU shells due to its characteristic shape.

Liquid penoizol forms an excellent sealed coating, but special equipment is required to apply it. Thermal insulation paint is an aerosol with ceramic nanoparticles.

To work with penoizol, you need special equipment, safety precautions and professional experience.

Craftsmen prefer to do their own thermal insulation work using high-density foam or extruded polystyrene foam. These materials are quite simple to use and do not require the use of sophisticated professional equipment. Often, external thermal insulation in the private sector is performed with mineral wool using the technology described above: insulation, polyethylene, roofing material or foil polyethylene, which will further strengthen the structure.

Scheme of installation of traditional pipe insulation

Note! A thin layer of foil can significantly increase the thermal insulation properties of the insulation. Foiled mineral wool or metal-coated polyethylene are excellent for both insulating above-ground structures and for laying in trenches. Another popular option for such insulation is a layer of mineral wool covered with foil foam.

But to work with polyurethane foam, you will need special spray equipment, equipped with a 4-atmospheric compressor. The insulation for heating pipes made by this method requires professional skills and a kit protective clothing.

Is it necessary to insulate heating pipes inside the house

It may seem that if the elements of the heating system are inside the house, then efforts to insulate them are unnecessary, because the heat still remains within the boundaries of the home. However, the cost of insulation will more than pay off over time. To begin with, it should be remembered that any heating system is designed in such a way that the maximum amount of heat falls on radiators or on floor heating pipes.

Next important point- features of laying heating structures inside the house. Increasingly, heat-insulated pipes for heating simply run along the walls. Most often, for the sake of the beauty of the interior, they are hidden under drywall, in the thickness of the wall, screed or under flooring. In this case, the wall or floor will be heated first, and there will be too little heat energy left for the radiator.

If the insulation of the heating pipes in the house is done correctly, the main amount of heat energy will flow precisely to the radiator. As a result, indoor air will warm up faster and better, and heating costs will decrease. It should be noted that with the help of soft insulation that absorbs sounds, the sound insulation of heating pipes is also improved. The noise from the movement of the coolant will disturb residents less.

How to properly insulate pipes indoors

Today, the layout of heating pipes is mainly made of ecoplastic, which gives off heat extremely reluctantly, however, additional thermal insulation will not interfere with it. This is all the more necessary when using metal pipes. Since pipes are supposed to be installed inside other structures, the thickness of the insulation of heating pipelines should be minimal. It is advisable to use mineral wool for insulation inside the house where there is enough space for this: in basements, attics, etc. In rooms and corridors, less bulky material would be more appropriate.

Lightweight and comfortable foamed polyethylene will reliably insulate heating pipes inside the house

Foamed polyethylene foam is well suited for insulation inside the house. This material:

• with low thermal conductivity takes up very little space;
• simple and easy to install;
• produced for pipelines of various diameters.

The insulation is a hollow cylinder along which a technological incision is made. The polyethylene foam must be torn or cut along this line, and then put on the pipe. In this case, it is necessary to lay the elements of the insulation end-to-end so that there are no gaps left, the sections are fixed with adhesive tape.

Note! An accurate and clean cut on polyethylene foam will ensure a fairly tight fit of the insulation after installation, so it is recommended that all work be carried out as carefully as possible.

Certain difficulties may arise at the junctions of plastic pipes, since gaps in the insulation are formed here. To eliminate them, it is necessary to put on an additional layer of insulation on top, which will block the gap. After that, the structure is carefully fixed with adhesive tape.

High-quality insulation of the heating system requires a thoughtful approach and professional performance. If the insulation is installed incorrectly, it will not provide the desired result and will soon require additional costs for repair or replacement. As practice shows, such work should be entrusted to experienced professionals.

Pipes located in unheated rooms need protection against freezing. Whatever material they are made of, their thermal conductivity is high, so freezing occurs quickly. To avoid unnecessary problems, use pipe insulation, which will create reliable insulation for the pipeline from frost and even noise insulation due to its noise-absorbing qualities.

On the Russian market there are many companies producing structural elements to reduce heat transfer. You can choose products made from different materials, choose the right size and characteristics suitable for your communications. Thermal insulation of pipes can be carried out from several types of protection, such as polyethylene or foam.

Foamed polyethylene pipe insulation

One of the best price-quality ratios is characterized by polyethylene pipe insulation. It is a material consisting of the smallest cells that waterproof the system well. This protects against metal corrosion. The material itself practically does not absorb water and withstands temperatures from -60 to +90 degrees. The cover is easy to install.

In heating systems next material reduces heat loss by up to 80%. It is produced in sleeves of 2 meters of different thicknesses:

• model name: Porilex NPE T 60x9x1000 mm;
• price: 45 r;
• specifications: gray color, gross weight 0.06 kg;
• pluses: flexible material, moisture resistant, has low thermal conductivity;
• cons: not found.

The following product copes well with the insulation of cold and hot communications. Due to the color separation, it allows you to distinguish between hot and cold pipes. cold water:

• model name: Thermal insulation super protect 28;
• price: 21 rubles;
• characteristics: supplied in coils, color red, length 10 meters;
• pluses: the outside is covered with a polymer film, which increases the strength of communications and their service life by 50%;
• cons: not found.

Another versatile material that can be used to protect heating systems, sewerage, etc. It is resistant to materials such as concrete, gypsum, lime:

• model name: Energoflex Super 2 m;
• price: 69 rubles / linear meter;
• characteristics: hollow, low thermal conductivity, gray color;
• pluses: low combustible;
• cons: high cost.

Foil insulation for pipes

Foil is a heat insulator that is often used in construction. Its functions are in many ways superior to other types of materials such as foam or mineral wool. When there is a need for a material capable of reflecting heat waves, foil pipe insulation is used. It represents the basic thermal insulation material covered with foil.

Thermal insulation for pipes of this type is used in various construction industries. It is suitable for pipes of any size due to the fact that you yourself cut the necessary pieces of material:

• model name: Penofol - 2000 A;
• price: 65.00 rubles / m2;
• features: polyethylene foam, aluminum foil on one side;
• pluses: universal material;

If you are looking for an excellent insulator that will provide double the heat protection effect, choose the following product. With it, heat loss will be minimized:

• model name: Mosfol;
• price: 900 rubles/roll;
• characteristics: base - foamed polyethylene, foil located on both sides;
• pluses: high reflective effect - 97%;
• cons: only available in rolls.

This insulator is suitable for steam protection, heat output, noise reduction. It reflects about 55% of the energy and tolerates a humid environment very well:

• model name: Penoflex L (Lavsan)
• price: 799 rubles/roll;
• characteristics: polyethylene with one-sided lamination, elastic, flexible;
• pluses: speed of installation in any place;
• cons: only available in rolls.

Expanded polystyrene pipe insulation

Polyfoam is one of the most common materials. Its second name is expanded polystyrene. It combines advantageous characteristics: cheap and easy to use. Expanded polystyrene for pipes received a second name - "shell for pipes" due to the corresponding appearance. It can have 1 or 2 slits with grooves at the joints that hold the edges together securely.

The company "Polymerizolyatsiya" produces products such as foam insulation for heating pipes. They are durable, lightweight and safe:

• model name: PPU shell 720/50;
• price: 1,750 rubles/linear meter;
• characteristics: material polyurethane foam (a kind of foam), consists of 2 cylinders;
• pluses: high heat saving;
• cons: fragility, flammability.

Another type of foam product for quick and easy installation, which will effectively protect any outdoor heat pipe:

• model name: Insulation shell 325/50;
• price: 916 rubles / linear meter;
• characteristics: hollow tube made of polyurethane foam;
• pluses: ease of installation;
• cons: fragility, flammability.

In the case when it is required to insulate plastic communications in the sewer or pipeline, these products can be used. It is reusable and gives you quick access to problem areas if the need arises:

• model name: PU foam shell for insulation 89/40;
• price: 306 rubles / linear meter;
• characteristics: length 1 m, coolant parameters up to +150°С;
• pluses: ease of installation;
• cons: fragility, flammability.

Basalt insulation for pipes

Cylinders made from basalt fiber are available in any diameter and size. They have the highest temperature resistance (from -200 to +300°C), withstand temperatures above 1000 degrees without melting, and are great for reducing heating costs. Heat loss level where used basalt insulation, is equal to 8%, which leads to savings of up to 20% of funds.

Excellent thermal and sound insulation can be achieved using these products. Manufacturers produce it to order according to the individual requirements of buyers:

• model name: Izolin RW;
• price: from 75 rubles / linear meter;
• characteristics: mineral wool cylinder;
• pluses: a special lock that reduces heat loss;
• cons: not found.

There is another variety of the same material, which has enhanced thermal insulation properties. This product is available with different coatings:

• model name: Izolin RW ALU;
• price: from 95 rubles / running meter;
• Features: aluminum foil coating;
• pluses: a longitudinal strip with a self-adhesive layer;
• cons: not found.

The following protective equipment is available with various coatings. It performs not only a protective, but also a decorative function in those places where pipes are located in the room:

• model name: XotPipe;
• price: 277 rubles/r.m;
• characteristics: mineral wool based on basalt rock, length 1 m;
• pluses: the highest temperature of the application;
• cons: high cost.

Liquid insulation for pipes

Thermal insulation of pipelines can be carried out using a special paint that creates an energy-saving barrier 1 mm thick. Application method: brush, roller or sprayer. After drying, the liquid pipe insulation forms matte surface, which serves as a thermal mirror, keeping cold in and heat out.

Noteworthy is the thermal insulation for water supply pipes from Korund. It protects well from freezing and prevents the formation of moisture on the surface:

• model name: Korund Classic;
• price: 330 rubles / l .;
• characteristics: 1 mm of material = 5-7 layers of cotton wool;
• pluses: super thin;
• cons: high cost.

Another type of liquid insulation that can withstand temperatures from -60 to +600 degrees is Teplomett products. The paint will serve you for about 30 years and will help you save a lot on heating:

• model name: Teplomett Standard;
• price: 310 rubles/l;
• characteristics: consists of vacuum microspheres, 1mm layer replaces 50mm mineral wool;
• pluses: applied to the surface of any shape;
• cons: high cost.

Basic formulation suitable for a wide range of applications. After application, it tightly and reliably envelops the surface:

• model name: Astratek;
• price: 410 rubles/l;
• characteristics: resistance to high temperatures;
• pluses: a seamless surface that retains heat;
• cons: high cost.

How to choose pipe insulation

In order to choose the right insulation for water supply pipes and protect yourself from problems, you need to pay attention to three main factors: location (apartment, attic, in the ground, in the sewer, outdoors), ease of installation, price. All types of products are easily installed independently, but universal in all characteristics - polyethylene.

When it is important to reduce heat absorption, choose foil insulation for pipes. Expanded polystyrene is fragile, but suitable for work anywhere. Basalt material is easy to install, has good performance, but is expensive. If you want to quickly insulate the system, but other methods are not suitable, choose a thermal paint that is easy to apply, looks beautiful and protects well.

Video

Owners of private houses often consider thermal insulation of pipelines of the heating system to be a waste of money. But such events are a direct way to significant savings thermal energy.

The reduced amounts in bills from power engineers and for fuel for the boiler will certainly cover the cost of thermal insulation. It is only necessary to correctly select a heater for heating pipes so that it lasts longer without losing its characteristics.

Usually, the owners of cottages insulate only those heating pipelines that are located outside the dwelling. There, heat losses are most likely and large-scale. No wonder all city heating mains are so carefully insulated.

Power engineers have already learned how to count their money. However, the pipes of the heating system in the basement or boiler room should also be insulated. Heating such non-residential premises in the house is a waste of money.

Insulation of heat supply pipes allows you to save on home heating and extends the life of pipelines. It is important to consider the quality of thermal insulation

There are five good reasons to cover heating pipes with a heat insulator:

1. Protection of the coolant against freezing.
2. Prevention of condensation.
3. Reduced heat loss.
4. Extending the "life" of boiler equipment and pipelines.
5. The possibility of laying outdoor sections of the heating system in the ground above the freezing point.

Pipes are insulated in the basement, in the attic, in the boiler room and in outdoor areas. Mounting insulation on risers inside the house in living rooms is not worth it. If this is done, then the heat will still get into the room, but already through the radiator. There is no point in such actions. Money will be spent on a heat insulator, but zero will come of it.

When the coolant moves through insulated pipelines, it does not waste thermal energy in vain. All the heat is used to heat the necessary rooms. At the same time, the boiler and pumping equipment in the boiler room do not have to operate at maximum conditions in order to maintain a comfortable temperature in the rooms.

If the external heating main is well insulated, then it can be laid in the ground at a shallow depth - then it will freeze only if the coolant supply is interrupted for a long time and in very severe frost

Another couple of disadvantages of heating pipes without insulation are condensation and freezing. In operating mode, when heated water circulates through the system, there are no problems with freezing inside and condensation outside. But in case of accidents on the heating system, the pipelines begin to “get wet”, and then freeze. The heat-insulating material in such a situation gives several additional hours, during which the coolant may cool down, but not so quickly.

In general, heat supply pipes are insulated:

• when laying communications of the heating system outdoors;
• on sections of pipelines located in unheated subfloors and attics;
• when installing heating mains and branches from them to risers in the basements of apartment buildings.

Insulated pipes are warm batteries while reducing energy costs. Here it is better to spend money on thermal insulation materials than to pay huge heating bills. It is always more efficient to insulate than to spend money on fuel for a stove or boiler.

Overview of heaters on the modern market

All heat-insulating materials for heating pipes are divided into:

• roll;
• cylindrical with a cut and without;
• semi-cylindrical (“shells”).

The first are sold in rolls, they are wrapped around pipes. The second is a cylinder of insulation with an empty core, where the tubular product is inserted. The third ones are two halves in the form of semi-cylinders, which are applied to the pipeline from below and from above, resulting in thermal insulation protection from all sides.

The roll version is good because it can be mounted on pipes of any diameter. Cylindrical materials are laid on pipelines of only a specific size. If you install them on the product larger section than they are calculated, then thermal insulation layer a light is formed. The efficiency of insulation in this case will decrease sharply.

Depending on the type of insulation, “cylinders” and “shells” are soft or hard. In the first case, the insulator can be bent for installation at a bend in the pipeline, and in the second, similar sections of the heating system are left without an insulating coating.

Kind #1: Fibrous Wool

Glass wool and basalt mineral wool in rolls are classics of insulation. These materials are cheap, easy to install and have decent thermal insulation characteristics. Their main disadvantage is their high hygroscopicity. They absorb moisture well, immediately losing all their insulating properties.

If mineral wool is chosen for installation, then it must be carefully isolated from above from the water, otherwise this insulation will get wet and cease to be a heat insulator

Least of all, stone (basalt) mineral wool is prone to moisture absorption. Glass wool is a little inferior to her in this. There is also a slag option, but it is better to immediately refuse it. This type of mineral wool has the highest hygroscopicity. It cannot be used for insulation of heating, water supply and sewerage pipelines.

Installation of mineral wool on pipes is carried out with an overlap, followed by fastening the insulation on top with steel tape or stainless steel wire. In terms of thermal conductivity, both mineral wool options recommended for heating systems are similar. This indicator for them ranges from 0.035–0.044 W / (m * 0 C).

When using mineral wool, it must be remembered that over time it shrinks and compacts. As a result, the effectiveness of its thermal insulation is reduced. It is worth immediately laying a thicker layer so that after a couple of years you do not return to your original positions and start again laying insulation on the pipes.

Glass and basalt mineral wool will last about 10 years. But this is only on condition that it will not get wet and be subjected to mechanical stress.

View #2: Foamed Resins

• polyethylene;
• expanded polystyrene (polystyrene);
• polyurethane foam;
• rubber.

The first of these heat insulators is offered in stores in the form of a roll material of several polyethylene layers with air bubbles between them, as well as in the form of sleeves made of foamed porous polyethylene. The thermal conductivity of this insulation is in the region of 0.035 W / (m * 0 C). It is not afraid of moisture and remains elastic even in severe frosts.

The main disadvantage of all polymer pipe insulation is their flammability (G4 class), but they are not afraid of moisture, and they serve 30-50 years

Expanded polystyrene heat insulator for heating pipelines is produced in the form of two semi-cylinder shells. To ensure that there are no gaps and cold bridges, many manufacturers make them with tongue and groove locks along the length. For large diameter pipes, there may be not two, but three or four segments. The thermal conductivity of expanded polystyrene is 0.037–0.042 W / (m * 0 C).

Polyurethane foam in density and other characteristics is similar to the expanded polystyrene counterpart. Only it slightly surpasses the latter in terms of thermal insulation quality. The thermal conductivity of this insulation is 0.035 W / (m * 0 C). It is it that is most often used for the insulation of large pipes in factories. Such finished products are used when laying heating mains within blocks and for installing taps from general networks to cottages.

Polyurethane foam insulation for in-house pipelines is produced in the form of rigid shells with an outer layer of sheet steel. This polymer is afraid of ultraviolet radiation, it needs protection from light.

Foamed rubber in most characteristics repeats the polyethylene counterpart. However, it has a larger operating temperature range (from -190 to +175 0 C) and it costs much more. It is most often used for thermal insulation of ventilation systems and refrigerant pipes, where its properties are more in demand.

View #3: Combined Materials

Mineral wool is prone to moisture accumulation and loss of thermal insulation properties. Polymer insulation is fragile and afraid of fire, ideally they need additional external protection. To obtain heat insulators with the necessary characteristics, many manufacturers combine them with each other and with other materials.

The foil on top of the insulating layer, due to the reflection of thermal energy, increases its heat-insulating properties, and steel protects against mechanical influences

Combined pipe heaters include:

• polyethylene with an outer foil layer;
• polymer shells with a steel shell on top;
• mineral wool with waterproofing protection made of polyethylene or foil.

Also in stores there are heat-insulating materials with a self-adhesive layer. They are easier to mount and mount on pipes. The joints of such insulation are sealed without cold bridges. However, its price is slightly higher than that of a conventional counterpart.

It is not recommended to use one aluminum foil without an insulating layer of polymers or mineral wool for thermal insulation of heating pipes. It has too high thermal conductivity. It can only be used as an additional layer.

Type #4: paints and spray foams

In addition to ready-made factory-made heaters, which you just need to put on the heating pipe and fix on it, there are various coloring and sprayed compositions. The latter are superior to "shells" and roll counterparts in terms of the quality of connection with the surface of the pipeline and the tightness of the thermal insulation layer.

Polyurethane foam has excellent thermal insulation parameters, but it will be problematic to remove it from the heating pipe later if necessary.

Sprayed polyurethane foam is an excellent insulation that covers the highway with a monolithic layer from all sides. However, one can not even think about its temporary dismantling to repair the heating pipeline. It's hard to call it easy.

Plus polyurethane foam breaks down over time under the influence of ultraviolet rays. It is better to use it only in basements closed without windows, and when installed on the street, be sure to cover it with other building materials to protect from the sun.

Liquid insulation is new recent years, a two millimeter layer of this coloring replaces 40–50 mm of polyethylene or polyurethane insulation

Heat-insulating paint consists of:

• ceramic microspheres;
• perlite;
• acrylic resins.

With this paint, you can cover all the bends of the heat supply pipe. It has excellent heat-shielding characteristics. But experts recommend using it only as an additional insulation in addition to the main classic one.

In addition to all of the above materials for pipe insulation, you can use simple expanded clay. He is not afraid of fire and moisture. Plus it's very cheap. To perform thermal insulation around the heating main, it is necessary to make a box of boards or metal. And then pour expanded clay inside the latter so that the pipeline is covered with sprinkling from all sides.

Which insulation option is better

When choosing a heater for the pipes of the heating system, it is necessary to take into account:

1. The location of the highway (in the ground, in the basement, in the attic).
2. Having problems with rodents.
3. Financial opportunities.
4. Pipe diameter and pipeline configuration.
5. The heating temperature of the coolant.

In practice, rats and mice bypass only glass wool. Plus, paint is just too tough for them. The rest of the heaters they may well gnaw to fill their nest.

If the street heating main is insulated, then for it it is recommended to take a moisture-resistant rigid foam or polyurethane foam, which get less wet

Polyethylene in all its variations is resistant to the aggressive effects of cement. If a pipe with insulation is laid in the wall, followed by filling the hole with concrete, then polyethylene material should be preferred.

Polyurethane foam allows you to get to all sections of the highway, reliably covering it with a monolithic thermal insulation layer. However, its application requires special equipment. Plus, spraying such a heater on thin pipes is difficult, most of the foam will be on the surrounding walls.

When installing a heating system in areas with unstable soils and with connecting several buildings to one boiler, the most optimal insulation is lightweight polyethylene or thin foam. It is not worth using heavy stone wool here. Highways during soil movements may not withstand additional loads and burst.

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

When choosing a heater for pipelines of a heating system, several factors must be taken into account at once. To make it easier for you to understand this issue, we have made a selection of videos. The above reviews and comparisons will definitely help you navigate the selection of a heat insulator for pipes.

Insulation of the street pipeline from the boiler room to the house:

Overview and installation rules for the Energoflex insulation tube:

Technology of pipe insulation with foamed foam insulation:

It is not difficult to insulate heating pipelines, you just need to correctly select the heat-insulating material. For heating mains in the ground, it is better to prefer moisture-resistant and rigid heaters with outer shell from steel, and for areas in the attic it is worth taking a light mineral wool. All of them can reduce the cost of heating the house and increase the efficiency of the entire heating system. It is only necessary to choose their thickness correctly, guided by SP 41-103-2000.