Decision. Certain types of traffic accidents

When determining the culprit of a traffic accident, as well as when assessing damage to property or people's health, it is very important to correctly classify and determine the type of accident. Knowing what type this accident belongs to, it is possible to establish the reasons that led to its occurrence.

Anyone will agree with the statement that the main cause of an accident is a violation of the rules traffic. Although often collisions occur for reasons not directly related to road users. A striking example is the appearance of animals on the road, or hitting foreign massive objects, such as tree branches. The driver is forced to sharply change the trajectory of movement, thereby provoking accidents or collisions with pedestrians.

Very often, accidents occur due to the irresponsible attitude of road services to their duties: road signs hidden behind trees, the quality of the pavement leaves much to be desired, and drivers have to avoid potholes and potholes.

The list can be very long.

On a broader scale, however, accidents can be of the following types:

• collision of two or more mechanical Vehicle;
• collision various types vehicles, such as a cyclist crashing into a car;
• collisions with various obstacles and obstacles: fences, power transmission line supports, buildings, manholes;
• animal assaults;
• overturning of cars;
• other types of accidents.

Each of these species can be divided into a huge number of subspecies, so we will try to deal with them in more detail.

In addition, road accidents are classified according to the severity of the damage:

• fatal;
• injuries;
• material damage.

The latter are the most common. Nevertheless, according to the reports of the traffic police, the statistics of deaths on the roads in Russia as a whole is not comforting - 25-27 thousand people die a year, and direct material damage reaches huge sums of trillions of rubles.

car collision

Car collisions are one of the most common types of accidents, which are:

• frontal;
• side;
• back.

Most often, cars collide when performing various maneuvers and for a number of the following reasons: when overtaking with exit into the oncoming lane, when avoiding obstacles or standing vehicles, when crossing intersections (especially roundabouts), when advancing moving to the far left lane, when changing lanes, and so on Further.

It is clear that the most severe are head-on collisions, when one driver goes to overtake, not noticing the moving cars in the oncoming lane. Side collisions also lead to serious consequences, for example, at intersections, when motorists do not follow the order of travel.

Speeding is another common cause car accident. At high speeds, the motorist does not have time to adequately respond to changing traffic conditions. In addition, lack of basic driving skills often affects, because of which the car can go into a skid or tip over. This is especially true on roads covered with snow and ice.

Speaking specifically about the causes of all these accidents, they, unfortunately, will be very commonplace:

• elementary ignorance of the rules of the road;
• indiscipline;
• drivers get behind the wheel in a state of intoxication;
• non-compliance with sleep and work patterns;
• violation of the rules for operating a car, because of which it is in poor condition;
• poor training of cadets;
• distraction, inattention.

Very often you can see a picture when tinted foreign cars rush through the central streets of cities at great speed, from which loud music is heard. The attention of car owners may be distracted from the road by the behavior of passengers in the cabin. That is, passengers can also provoke an accident. For example, a young mother is distracted by a child sitting in and does not notice the switching of traffic lights or another vehicle speeding along the crossed road.

The main causes of accidents:

• and lead;
• over speed;
• non-compliance with the requirements of road signs and traffic signals;
• incorrect maneuvering on the roadway;

To avoid all these accidents, it is necessary to use all the knowledge gained during training at a driving school. Often, drivers defiantly violate traffic rules, taking advantage of the fact that at the moment their behavior is not being monitored by the traffic police.

It should be noted that after the widespread introduction in Moscow, St. Petersburg and other big cities cameras for photo and video recording, as well as stationary installations for measuring speed, the situation with accidents and the number of accidents has changed for the better.

Pedestrian collisions

A very common cause of an accident is a pedestrian collision. Unfortunately, in many cases, pedestrians themselves are to blame, as they tend to be poorly versed in the rules of the road. However, according to the same traffic rules, the driver is always obliged to be vigilant on the road, regardless of where he is at the moment: on a busy city street, or on a deserted highway.

The most common conditions for a pedestrian collision are:

• man crosses carriageway from right to left, in the direction of traffic;
• the sudden appearance of people on the roadway, for example, in a public transport stop zone or under a “Children on the road” sign;
• crossing the road not on a zebra;
• non-observance of traffic signals by pedestrians.

When a person is driving down a city street, the best view is of the carriageway and sidewalk on the left. On the right, there is a “blind zone” formed by the right pillar. Accordingly, when a person quickly enters the road on the right, he often does not have time to react and press the brake pedal.

That is why pedestrians are obliged, before crossing the road, to assess the situation, wait until the cars stop, and only then step onto the roadway. If the distance to the car is less than a hundred meters and the speed of the car does not decrease, it is better not to take risks, but to wait on the sidewalk.

It is also very common for a collision to occur when a pedestrian suddenly appears on the road due to vehicles parked along the sidewalk. not without reason old saying says that the most dangerous car is standing, because it blocks the view of both people and motorists.

In this case, the pedestrian must first assess the traffic situation, and only then cross the road. The same applies to drivers - in the parking area along the sidewalk, you need to carefully monitor the movement of passers-by and adhere to the optimal speed limit.

A constant situation with an accident develops in the zone of stops of the route transport, especially the tram, if it stops directly in the center of the carriageway. It is also not uncommon for people to run into people when driving at unregulated intersections: turning left or right, the driver lets other cars pass, while they block the view in the chosen direction of movement. If at the moment a person is crossing the road, they may simply not be noticed.

Very often, pedestrians walking along the side of the road in the direction of traffic suffer. Accordingly, you need to move against the general flow in order to maintain good visibility of the road situation.

Unfortunately, children and pensioners become victims of collisions, and this is despite the fact that when training in driving schools, great attention is paid to the child's psychology of behavior on the road. In a word, car owners should be vigilant in any situation.

Other types of accidents

As we wrote above, there are a huge variety of types of traffic accidents.

rollover

The main reason is poor theoretical and practical training. Reasons for rollover:

• not slowing down when driving with two right wheels on a dirt or slippery roadside;
• downhill braking when driving at high speed;
• inability to get out of a skid on an icy track;
• engine braking at high speed;
• driving on slopes and descents with the gearbox off.

As a rule, all these points are considered in driver courses, but car owners do not fully understand the danger of neglecting the knowledge gained.

Entry into obstacles

For example, if the driver tries to pass a speed bump at high speed, a huge load will be placed on the suspension. The consequences due to this cause can be unpredictable: skidding, torn rear axle, rollover.

Collisions with guardrails of bridges or highways occur due to incorrect maneuvering, speeding, non-compliance with the requirements of signs.

Animal attacks

Usually, on sections of the road passing through forests or nature reserves, there are signs "Beware of wild animals." Here you need to stick to a low speed and carefully look at the road.

In the city, most often stray cats and dogs fall under the wheels. Some drivers try to brake sharply or go around them, but this leads to even more disastrous consequences. The motorists behind do not have time to slow down and a rear collision occurs.

Collisions with cyclists

According to the traffic rules, cyclists must move in the extreme right lane, no further than a meter from the curb. They must also comply with all the requirements of road signs, which, unfortunately, they do not.

The results of accidents involving cyclists are deplorable: unlike the driver, the cyclist is protected only by a helmet. So limb fractures are not the worst option.

Conclusion

As you can see, the main cause of any accident is non-compliance with traffic rules. The only thing that can be advised to all traffic participants without exception: consider the situation on the road and never rush. It is the rush that often makes us go to rash acts.

It also wouldn't hurt to read some articles of the Code of Administrative Offenses and the Criminal Code. Thus, fines and liability can be imposed not only on car owners, but also on pedestrians. If the accident is fatal, then criminal liability is provided. Available various terms imprisonment - from three to ten years.

Do not forget about such reasons as seat belts and child restraints. According to numerous studies, the number of deaths would decrease many times over if all car owners and passengers did not forget buckle up security.

Yurginsky city court of the Kemerovo region - JUDICIAL ACTS

Case ***
DECISION*** Yurga

Judge of the Yurginsky City Court of the Kemerovo Region Chernysheva N.M.,

Considered in open court

The case on the complaint C.Yew.A. to the decision in the case of administrative offense

INST A N O V&L:

S.Yu.A. appealed to the court with a complaint about the recognition of the decision of the employee OGIBDD from *** on bringing C.Yew.A. to administrative responsibility, for violation of traffic rules illegal and subject to cancellation.

S. Yu. on the road from the adjacent territory did not give way to the vehicle moving along it, which is a causal relationship with the accident that occurred, that is, an administrative offense under Art. 12.14 p. 3 KRFoAP.

At the hearing C.Yew.A. supported the arguments of the complaint, explained the following.

*** about *** hours he is in T.P.'s private car. *** was heading from the territory of the parking lot located next to the R. store, along *** to the intersection *** he stopped, as the red traffic light was on in the direction of ***. Having waited for the red signals to light up at the traffic lights located at ***, and the green ones at ***, he began to drive to the intersection, making sure that traffic along *** was prohibited by a red traffic light. The territory of the building under construction next to the parking lot was fenced solid fence, because of which he went to the intersection. The fence did not restrict his visibility. At the exit to the intersection, he looked to the left, within *** meters to the intersection, he did not see any car. When he began to cross ***, with the intention of entering *** and, being almost in the middle of the first lane ***, he felt a strong blow to his car, which hit the front of the left wing and saw that a car belonging to OVO (private security), which hit his car. There were no special signals on the security car, and there was no sound signal. His car veered to the right. He suffered bodily injuries, he was forced to turn into an injury, where he delivered Ambulance. After returning from the hospital, where he received medical attention, he returned to the scene of the accident. Traffic police officer who worked for accident scene, invited him to sign the accident diagram, the latter was drawn on an A4 paper sheet, he signed this diagram. The scheme, which is submitted to the traffic police court, is different, he did not sign this scheme, the signature in it was made for him by someone else. He does not agree with this accident scheme, since the place of collision of cars is incorrectly determined there. His and the guards' cars collided almost in the center of the roadway, while the diagram indicates that the collision occurred on the right lane of the roadway in the direction of traffic towards p***. He considers that the driver of a special vehicle is guilty of an accident, who, without the included special signals, at a red light, crossed at high speed the intersection ***., without making sure that the intersection was safe to pass. He left the intersection, and not from the adjacent territory, as the traffic police inspector indicated in the protocol, he crossed the intersection at the green traffic light, there was no violation of clause 8.3 of the traffic rules of the Russian Federation in his actions, and, therefore, there was no administrative offense under Art. 12.14 part 3 of the Code of Administrative Offenses, which establishes responsibility for "Failure to comply with the requirement of the Rules of the Road to give way to a vehicle that has the right of way, except for the cases provided for by part 2 of article 12.13 and article 12.17 of this Code." There were no sound or light special signals on the VO car. But the traffic police officer, without establishing all the circumstances of the accident, made a decision about his guilt in the accident, with which he does not agree.

Representative C.Yew.A. M.E.P. supported the arguments of S.Yu.A., explained that the intersection *** and Stroitelnaya is not T-shaped, the road from which S.Yu.A. was leaving has asphalt pavement, located on the same level as pavement***, S.Yu.A. was correctly guided by traffic lights, starting to move along the intersection at green light traffic light.

Interested party Ershov explained: he was driving a car belonging to OVO ***, brand VAZ-21140, the car has a special coloring, as well as an SGU (light talking installation). *** he, together with OVO workers Korpachev and Romashkin, at the beginning of *** o'clock received a signal that an alarm had been triggered at the facility. We left for the "drawdown" of the alarm on *** traffic along *** he first moved closer to the center of the roadway, moving at a speed of about *** km / h, but *** meters before the "T" shaped intersection ** *, moved into the rightmost lane and continued to move. Rebuilt due to the fact that from ***, that is, on the left, at the green traffic light, a car could unexpectedly leave, but since there is an entrance to the adjacent territory on the right, where the parking lot is located, and this entrance does not belong to the intersection, it believed that vehicles leaving this area should give way to him, and, therefore, he believed that driving in the right lane was safer. He saw that at a distance of about *** meters from the intersection, a red traffic light turned on. The SGU was turned on, that is, light and sound special signals. At the intersection, on the right, a building was under construction, so there was a fence, due to which the exit from the adjacent territory on the right was limited. There were no cars, both in the direction of his movement to ***, and in the oncoming lane. When he passed the traffic light post, before that, having reduced the speed to about *** km / h, then in front, on the right, at a distance of about *** meters, he saw a car leaving the adjacent territory, as he later found out, under the control of S.Yu.A .. He, in order to avoid a collision, managed to sharply turn the steering wheel to the left, but failed to avoid a collision. He hit the front of his car in the left front fender of the car C.Yew.A., from the blow his car was thrown to the left, and the car C.Yew.A. to the right, the cars stopped and before the arrival of the traffic police, the cars remained in place. He participated in taking measurements and drawing up a diagram of an accident, everything is correctly recorded there. He believes that the fault in the accident was S.Yu.A., who did not let his car pass, with special signals, leaving the road from the adjacent territory, since the entrance on the right leads to the parking lot. The inspector correctly issued a decision to punish S.Yu.A., and asks not to cancel it.

Interested person, representative of the OVO of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia "Yu." K.Yu. fully supported the explanations of E.P.A., he also believes that E. is not to blame for the accident. He clarified that when leaving the line, the special car driven by E.P.A. was inspected by the dispatcher, including the sound and light signaling. The car was in good condition, which was noted in waybill. Driver E.P.A. also passed the examination, was allowed to work, which was also noted in the waybill. After the collision of the OBO car with the car C.Yew.A. The SGU was shifted, as he understood, from a blow, it did not work. According to E.V.P. he knows that when passing through the intersection at the red traffic light, he (E.) turned on special sound and light signals.

Traffic police inspector Sibergin E.A. clarified that ***. he was on duty. Traffic police dispatcher received a signal about traffic accident at the intersection *** went to the scene of an accident. Discovered that T.P.'s car had collided. *** managed by S.Yu.A. and a car of the private security department of the brand *** g / n K *** under the control of E.P.A. S.Yu.A. was sent to the hospital for treatment medical care, E.P.A. was present during the measurements and drawing up the DPT scheme. He made all the necessary measurements, drew up a traffic accident diagram, on which he indicated the position of the cars after the collision, the alleged place of the collision, and interviewed the drivers of the vehicles. S.Yu.A. returned from the hospital, he introduced C.Yew.A. with the accident scheme, with which C.Yew.A. agreed and signed. S.Yu.A. drove to the intersection from the adjacent territory, which is the territory of the parking lot. The latter does not have a through passage, the surface of the road leading from the parking lot to the intersection is gravel. These circumstances indicate that this is an adjacent territory, and not a crossroads. Based on the results of the inspection of the accident site, from the explanations of the participants in the accident, he came to the conclusion that the culprit of this accident is S.Yu.A., who, leaving the adjacent territory to the intersection of streets *** and ***, in violation of the requirements of paragraph 8.3 The traffic rules of the Russian Federation did not give way to a vehicle moving along ***, which was cause of the accident. In action C.Yew.A. there was an administrative offense under Art. Part 3 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation.

Witness Sh.V. explained: *** he was driving in his own car, with his son-in-law, he was driving along ***, approaching the intersection *** with *** he saw that a police car was moving in the oncoming lane at high speed, but there were no light signals on the car was, he saw him meters for ***. The traffic lights were red, the police car drove into the red traffic light and collided with the car silver color, which left, in the course of its movement. The silver car had a green traffic light. The cars were blown apart by the impact. He got out of his car and walked to the silver car, there was a driver with blood on his head. One uniformed officer got out of the police patrol car, while two were sitting in the cab. He asked if everything was fine with them, they replied that everything was fine. He did not know any police officers or the driver of the silver car before, he learned from acquaintances that they were looking for witnesses to the incident and he responded.

Witness V.N.AND. explained: she works as a janitor and in September *** she cleaned the territory, she was in the bus stop area, at ***. When she was cleaning up the garbage, she saw how a police patrol car drove quickly on the left, along ***, saw a blue coloring. After a while, behind her, where the crossroads, there was a blow, a rattle. She turned around and saw that a police car and a car had collided. When the police car drove past her, she did not hear the sound of a siren, and did not see any special signals.

Witness A.S.I. explained that in the morning ***., being in the parking lot near the R. store, watched S.Yu.A. security car. She drove to the intersection at a red traffic light, while he did not hear any beeps, did not see the flashing lights on. The cars collided at the intersection.

Witness Yu.L.A. gave similar explanations.

Witness K.S. explained: he is the senior officer of the OVO detachment, ***, he is part of the OVO detachment, drove out in a patrol car at the signal for the alarm to go off at the facility, moved along the street. ***. Before passing the intersection with ***, the driver E. changed lanes from the center to the right edge of the carriageway, meters for *** the SSU was turned on, as the red signal was on at the traffic light. Not far from R. the building under construction is enclosed by a long continuous fence that limited visibility when leaving the car park. We drove to the crossroads and suddenly a foreign-made car drove off to the right behind the traffic light and a collision occurred. He believes that the driver should have let them through, as they were driving in a car with special signals.

Witness R.E.A. gave similar explanations.

Witness K.A.The. explained that in mid-September *** he arrived at the parking lot near the R. store. There was an accident there. At the request of the traffic police inspector at ***, he pulled away two cars in his car that collided at the intersection.

The judge, after hearing the parties, the witness, having examined the materials presented, comes to the following.

At the hearing it was established that *** at the intersection *** there was a traffic accident involving the driver C.Yew.A., driving a personal car T.P. *** and the driver E., driving the car ***, g / n K ***, belonging to the OVO MO of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia “Yu.”. S.Yu.A. left the parking area at ***, with the intersection of ***, and the driver E., was moving in a car along *** towards ***. S.Yu.A. explained that he drove to the intersection at a green traffic light, and E., that he was driving with the crew to the alarm at the facility, was moving with the SSU system turned on, drove to the intersection, at a red traffic light, while taking all security measures to passage of the intersection, and, therefore. S.Yu.A., according to E., leaving the adjacent territory, did not let the special car pass, which led to a collision. The traffic police inspector who conducted the inspection of the accident event issued a decision to bring S.Yu.A. to administrative responsibility for violating clause 8.3 of the traffic rules of the Russian Federation.

According to clause 1.2. The traffic rules of the Russian Federation an intersection is "a place of intersection, junction or branching of roads at the same level, limited by imaginary lines connecting, respectively, opposite, the beginnings of the curvature of the carriageways, which are the most distant from the center of the intersection. Exits from adjacent territories are not considered intersections.

According to the same point of traffic rules The adjacent territory of the Russian Federation is “the territory directly adjacent to the road and not intended for through traffic of vehicles (yards, residential areas, parking lots, gas stations, enterprises, etc.). Movement on the adjacent territory is carried out in accordance with these Rules.

According to the Rules of the Road of the Russian Federation (clause 8.3), when entering the road from the adjacent territory, the driver must give way to vehicles and pedestrians moving along it, and when leaving the road, to pedestrians and cyclists whose path he crosses. Compliance with this norm is mandatory, including if the exit from the adjacent territory is organized at the intersection.

The Court concludes that C.Yew.A. drove to the intersection from the adjacent territory, which is the territory of the parking lot. The latter does not have a through passage, the surface of the road leading from the parking lot to the intersection is gravel. These circumstances are confirmed by the traffic pattern on the LD. ***. These circumstances indicate that the territory of the parking lot is an adjacent territory. Thus, the intersection of *** and *** streets is not a regulated intersection, but a T-shaped intersection. thus the arguments S.Yew.A., that he was moving along the intersection and therefore guided by the traffic signal allowing movement, and did not leave the adjacent territory, are untenable. In this case C.Yew.A. should have been guided not by a traffic light signal, but by the rules according to which, when leaving the adjacent territory, he had to make sure that his maneuver was safe, let all moving vehicles pass, that is, be guided by clause 8.3 of the traffic rules of the Russian Federation, which regulates the exit from the adjacent territory.

arguments C.Yew.A. about the guilt driver accident special car, which, without the included special signals, at a red light, crossed at high speed the intersection ***, which was confirmed by witnesses Sh., V., A. according to the court, they are untenable, because even if such signals had not been turned on, this violation of paragraph 3.1 of the traffic rules of the Russian Federation by the driver of the special vehicle E.P.A. would not have been causally related to the DPT. C.Yew.A., leaving the adjacent territory on the road, had to give way to vehicles moving along it. Thus it is violation C.Yew.A. the requirements of clause 8.3 of the SDA RFA caused an accident.

The testimony of E. that he drove to the intersection at the prohibiting traffic signal with the flashing beacons on, the SES turned on, is confirmed by the testimony of R., K., K. consistent with the scheme of the accident, do not contradict the original explanations C.Yew.A., which when drawing up a protocol on administrative violation and bringing to administrative responsibility with the alleged violation and the punishment was agreed. Thus, the court has no reason not to trust E.'s testimony.

The court doubts the testimony of witnesses Sh., V.A., Yu. that the OBO car was moving through the intersection without flashing beacons and a sound signal. These witnesses were not interviewed and installed directly at the scene of the accident. Their testimonies are refuted by the testimonies of R.,K. direct participants in the accident., which the court has no reason not to trust, t.to. they are consistent with the scheme of the accident, are confirmed by the testimony of K. about the serviceability of the special vehicle when going on duty, the marks in the waybill about good condition car, do not contradict the original explanations C.Yew.A., which when drawing up a protocol on administrative violation and bringing to administrative responsibility with the violation and the punishment imposed was agreed. Based on the foregoing, the court concludes that the driver E.P.A. did not violate the requirements of clause 3.1 of the SDA of the Russian Federation, his car, moving along the intersection at a prohibitory traffic signal with flashing beacons on, and sound signal had the right of way of the intersection before S.Yew.A., leaving the road from the adjacent territory.

Thus it is wine C.Yew.A. in committing an administrative offense, under Art. Part 3 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation was proved at the hearing. grounds for satisfying the complaint C.Yew.A. the court does not see the decision to bring him to administrative responsibility.

Based on the foregoing and guided by Art. Art. - Section IV. Proceedings in cases of administrative offenses > Chapter 30. Review of decisions and decisions in cases of administrative offenses > Article 30.8. Announcement of the decision made on a complaint against a decision in a case on an administrative offense" target="_blank">30.8 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, judge