Autonomous water supply well. Autonomous water supply of a private house: the main parts of the system and step-by-step instructions for arranging

To provide the site with water, it is not enough to lower the pump into the cut well and install the head containing the check valve. This task requires taking into account many details, as well as the patience and care of the person who is involved in the installation.

There are many factors hindering the organization: low water temperature that does not allow irrigation, unsuitability for drinking, pressure may not meet the requirements, etc.

To make the consumption of moisture available on the site economical, it is worth installing an autonomous water supply system.

Dependence of water parameters

Everyone is well aware that in every cottage there should be constant water, as it is necessary to do laundry, wash dishes, cook food, take a shower or bath. It is also used in baths, garages, for watering a personal plot, as well as for creating decorative elements: small fountains and ponds. How and where the water will be used, its quality should depend on. For example, water used in baths and showers for washing dishes and laundry should have a limited amount of iron. Also, it must have a certain softness, and not contain any viruses and microbes that can have a negative effect on the human body.

The hydroaccumulator tank is conveniently located in a warm utility room, basement or on the basement floor of the house

The water used for irrigation of a personal plot may contain silt and sand (these facts can be regarded as positive). However, there is a condition that must be met in this case - the water temperature should not be less than 12 degrees Celsius. Otherwise, the plants will be damaged.

An artificial pond can be an excellent habitat for fish and many other animals living under water. At the same time, it is important to ensure that the water does not contain microbes and bacteria that can destroy the inhabitants of the underwater kingdom. For this reason, water in artificial reservoirs must be partially renewed at strictly defined intervals.

The highest demands are placed on water when it is used for drinking and cooking. After all, in this case, the health of people using it directly depends on the quality of water.

Thus, all consumed water can be divided into drinking, intended for irrigation of a personal plot and for household purposes.

The presence of a central water supply system makes it possible to satisfy each of the above categories, as it supplies water of adequate quality for domestic and drinking use. However, situations arise when the suitability of such water for drinking raises some doubts, and in this case it is necessary to create all the necessary conditions for additional filtration. Filtration is especially important in the spring, when the possibility of polluted water ingress is highest.

I must say that all problems are solved if you create your own water source on the site that can satisfy all of the above needs. This solution can be a well or a well. Many mistakenly believe that water taken from its own source is always of a high degree of purity and is suitable for drinking!

The most common water problem is hardness due to high iron content. Such water may be unsuitable even for household needs.

Naturally, modern facilities make it possible to provide a high degree of water purification, but to perform this operation in large volumes, it will take a lot of money, and the water pressure will have to be reduced.

The most acceptable is the division of the total water flow into smaller flows, each of which will be used for different purposes. For each of the generated streams, you can install the appropriate equipment that performs filtration.

To begin with, let's try to decide on the issue of creation and figure out how to organize the presence of several threads.

The importance of water pressure and system pressure

Undoubtedly, such a parameter as the amount of water entering the system is very important and this figure must fully satisfy the needs of consumers. At the same time, the pressure of the water is of no small importance, because no one will like it if on the top floor of the house the water flows out of the tap in a thin stream. Coming from underground, it must have sufficient pressure so that even when taken from several points, everywhere the pressure is acceptable for specific needs.

Free head is the minimum height to which water must be raised above ground level. This should take into account the resistance of the pipes, which prevents the rise of water to a certain height.

SNiP indicate that for the first floor of buildings, the free head should be 10 m, and, rising to 1 floor, each time 4 m should be added to this value. Thus, the parameter in question can be calculated absolutely for any floor. However, this requirement is not the only one, and to create the necessary pressure of water coming out of the tap, the pressure must be 2 or more bar (atm), for and - 1.5 bar, the irrigation system must be fed with water supplied at a pressure of 3-4 bar, - 2 bars, and for devices called - 4 bars. But this is not all the requirements - we should not forget that water can be taken from several points at the same time. In this case, the so-called pressure drawdown will reduce the total pressure. For comfortable use of all systems that use water, their pressure must always be at least a certain level, even when several devices are turned on at the same time.

The daily water consumption in different houses may differ and this parameter may be limited. But there are situations when the pump has a high performance, and there are few consumers. Often this leads to increased pressure in the pipes and the narrowest joints will begin to let water through. Therefore, there is an indicator characterizing the maximum allowable water pressure in pipelines -6 bar. This value is indicated in the relevant SNiP and must be taken into account when creating each plumbing system.

The debit of a well or a mine well located in sandy rock differs downward from an artesian well, and sometimes this value may be lower than the actual daily water consumption. As a result, the level of water in the source may decrease. This forces the owners to take into account, when choosing the pump performance, not only the size of the daily water consumption, but also take into account the flow rate of the well. Moreover, the number of pump starts (frequency) per day must be calculated.

Practice shows that the amount of water consumed per day can depend not only on the number of people living in the house, but also on the season: in summer there is always an increased consumption of water. This should also be taken into account.

Summing up, I would like to highlight a few basic parameters that you should pay attention to when choosing a pump: the performance of the device, the required pressure in the pipes. When calculating the daily water consumption, one should take into account the summer period, in which consumption is characterized as maximum.

Another important point is the fact that the operation of the pipeline can be divided into two modes: creating and maintaining a certain pressure of water during maximum consumption, as well as limiting the pressure, when water is practically not consumed. This also affects the choice of pump performance, pressure parameters in pipelines, the selection of a specific material from which pipes are made, and the diameter of pipelines. It is also worthwhile to evaluate the need to install additional containers and their volume. It is also worth considering a situation where it may be necessary to complicate the plumbing system by adding some elements to it. In this case, it is often necessary to increase the length of pipelines, the number of consumers, etc. Therefore, the choice of a pump with a power reserve is always welcome and although this will require additional attention and costs during the assembly of the system, the work will be simplified in the future, as well as its cost will be reduced.

Usually, the replacement of the pump due to the lack of its capacity is 5-7 times more expensive than the funds provided in advance and purchased, which allow further expansion of the water supply system.

When specifying the maximum water pressure in pipelines, they are also guided by the depth of immersion of the pipes. So for pipes that will be located at a depth of up to 50 m, a pressure of up to 6 bar is allowed. At a depth of up to 90 m - 10 bar., up to 150 m - 16 bar., up to 230 m - 25 bar.

Some features encountered during the installation of an autonomous water supply

The installation of a protective or, as it is otherwise called, a buried underground chamber, will be required to protect the system from freezing of the tip, as well as to protect against seepage of surface water into the well. These products allow you to keep the water clean and the functionality of the system in any weather and any season.

Layout diagram of the outer part of the water pipeline when laying pipes from the caisson to the inner part of the water pipeline ("F-PLAST"):
1. Pump
2. Shrink sleeve
3. Pump power cable
4. Well head
5. Caisson
6. Water supply pipe (polypropylene)
7. Safety wire clamps
8. Coarse filter
9. Hydraulic accumulator
lator tank
10. Control and protection unit
11. Automatic air extractor
12. Pressure gauge
13. Pressure switch
14. Emergency automation kit

The bottom of the chamber must be filled with concrete or made of steel sheet, the thickness of which must be at least 5 mm. During installation, care must be taken to ensure that the pipelines are at a depth that is below the freezing depth of the soil. The upper part of the casing pipe should protrude above the level and at least 0.5 m (or more). This pipe must be made of steel and passed through a special cuff made of rubber or hydrostekloizol. This cuff is inserted into the prepared hole in the concrete bottom. It is also possible to weld around the circumference of the hole to the metal bottom. The chamber, or rather its walls, are made of concrete rings, steel sheet or brick. Hence, the shape of the well in section is obtained in the form of a circle or rectangle.

In the case when the well is made of steel sheet, it is not required to waterproof the system, since the sheet is welded to the steel bottom and the possibility of leakage automatically disappears. The capacity that is formed as a result of this construction method is called a caisson. It has now gained wide popularity, as it is quite simple to manufacture and has excellent characteristics.

If a mine well is chosen as a water source, and a jet pump is involved in the pumping process, then it can be located at a fairly large distance, for example, indoors. When choosing the length of the suction pipe, you can not take into account the water level in the well, since this parameter in this case does not play a decisive role.

But when it comes to the use of centrifugal pumps, the length of the suction pipe is very important and this parameter is selected within 30-40 m.

Another important task for builders is to create a so-called castle near the well. This lock is made of clay and goes 1.5-2 m deep, and its width is about 0.5 m. This solution prevents surface water from entering the well, which allows maintaining a certain level of purity of the water in the well and flowing through pipelines .

The location of the shaft well or well on the site is important, and in the case of sandy soil, it is very important to take into account the occurrence of surface water. They can affect the operation of the system, so they must be taken into account.

And if we consider the process of drilling an artesian well, then we can say with confidence that its location is not tied to any factors. Such a well can be drilled where it will be most convenient to use it.

Very often, when choosing a place, they try to take into account the wiring and reduce the length of pipelines. Also, when choosing a location for a well, they try to position it so that there are no intersections of any routes in this place. Also, there should be no lowlands in this place so that water does not accumulate above the underground chamber. Otherwise, water may enter the system and interfere with its operation.

The pump must be turned on at the moment any tap installed in the plumbing system is opened. At the same time, if several family members actively use various devices that require water (shower, toilet, etc.), the pump will often turn on and off. As a result, its service life is reduced and additional funds will have to be spent on its purchase. This problem can be solved and the number of starts-stops can be reduced. To do this, you will need to install a battery capacity that will create a certain supply of water. If you imagine the principle of operation of a water tower, then this capacity can be compared with it. The tank acts as an intermediate buffer that creates a supply of water and is replenished periodically. Now, when users turn on several devices at the same time, water flows under constant pressure, and its value can be adjusted, varying within certain limits.

An automatic system, or rather an electric relay installed in the tank, allows you to automatically start the pump when water runs out in the battery tank. Even after the tap is closed by the user, the pump can continue to work until the tank is filled and a certain pressure is created in it, which is set in advance.

The organization that installs the water supply system is responsible for setting the pressure in the tank. Moreover, representatives of the organization will select a tank of the required volume, as well as set the pressure at the level that the pump of a particular model can allow. Also, it is necessary to take into account the approximate consumption of water per day. The pressure values ​​​​(upper and lower) are recorded in special documents that are drawn up during the installation of the system.

The screws that allow the pressure to be set to a certain value are sealed to prevent changes to the parameters by people who do not have experience and relevant knowledge. In the event that the seals are broken, the system manufacturer's original warranty is immediately void.

A good solution is to use a single main pipe, through which water will first flow into the house, and then wiring will be carried out throughout the site. It is important to leave a gap between its outer surface with the walls of the hole in the wall or foundation. This gap is filled with an elastic material that does not allow water and gas to pass through. And the material must be surrounded by a rigid shell to maintain its strength.

It is not allowed to perform rigid sealing of the pipe. It is best to install the battery capacity to the place where the water supply will branch. It is recommended to install it in the caisson or immediately after entering the house.

A non-return valve is installed at the inlet to the tank (if it is absent in the pump), which serves to prevent water from flowing back into the well. A manometer is installed at the outlet, which allows you to control the pressure. An automatic valve is also installed, which serves to inlet and outlet air entering the water supply.

Sometimes water from one well comes not only to the house, but also to other “branches” of the plumbing system: to the garage, irrigation system, bathhouse, etc. In such cases, battery tanks can be installed in each of the branches to ensure high stability .

Most often, water pipes have two branches: one of them for seasonal use, the other for year-round use.

When installing a branch for year-round use, the pipelines are buried below the freezing level of the soil to ensure uninterrupted operation at any time of the year. Those pipes that belong to a system used only in the warm season are laid to a depth slightly exceeding 1.5 bayonet spades. In some cases, pipelines for these systems are installed above the ground, and the pipelines used for such cases are made of steel. Pipes that are laid underground are most often made of polypropylene or HDPE, since these materials do not rot, have high strength, regardless of temperature and other environmental indicators.

The summer branch, installed underground, should have a slope of up to 2 degrees to the horizon. Moreover, the slope can be both in the direction of the source and in the direction where the consumers are located. Due to this, after turning off the water supply, it drains and in the winter the pipe will not freeze, which will save it from the appearance of deformations and damage.

The number of installed taps directly depends on how branched the irrigation system is, as well as on the habits of the owners: some of them prefer to periodically irrigate the plot, others use water only when necessary.

If there is a reservoir in the territory of the site in which fish live, it will be necessary to periodically clean the water and update it. An adjustment for such costs must be taken into account when creating an autonomous water supply system on your site. The rules for the degree of water purification used for specific tasks are discussed in dedicated to this topic.

Which pipes to choose

When creating a water supply system, several types of pipes are used: pipes made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), low-pressure polyethylene (), copper, steel and metal-plastic.

HDPE pipes, as a rule, are supplied in the form of coils, so cutting pieces of the required length can be quite simple and this will not create any problems. Pipes of this type are especially convenient during installation, as it is possible to significantly reduce the number of connections, which in the future will allow you to get rid of the problems associated with leaks.

Pipes of all other types are produced strictly in pieces with a length of 4 to 6 meters. Polypropylene products can be assembled directly at the installation site into one pipe of the required length. To perform such an operation, four-meter pipe fragments are fastened by heating the intermediate fittings.

The layout of pipelines over the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe site is carried out, as a rule, with cheap pipes made of polypropylene or HDPE, and all types of pipelines listed above can be used indoors. The most prestigious and, of course, expensive are copper pipes. They are fastened together by soldering, which allows you to achieve high strength and tightness of the joints. However, it is worth remembering that the use of copper pipelines will hit the family budget well.

Pipes made of metal-plastic lend themselves well to molding, that is, they can be easily bent to the desired shape. This will allow you to easily and quickly change the configuration of the water supply, making it the most optimal. Their use is especially convenient in hard-to-reach places, where the pipe paths can take a very complex shape and the use of copper or PVC pipelines can cause certain difficulties. Also, metal-plastic pipes are widely used to create temporary structures and to add any elements to an existing plumbing system. Be sure to take into account the fact that non-metallic pipes have limitations on the pressure exerted on them. This parameter can be in the range of 6-10 bars.

For laying the outer parts of the water supply, pipes are used that have a nominal diameter, denoted as Du, equal to 32 or 40 mm, in another system, these figures look like this: 11/4 ″ or 11/2 ″, respectively. For internal wiring, pipes with a diameter of 15 mm or 1/2” are used.

Consideration should be given to the fact that the mass of the so-called riser pipe must be kept small, i.e. the pipe with the smallest mass must always be selected. Also very important is the torsional stiffness parameter, which must be sufficiently high, that is, the pipe must have high rigidity. This requirement is due to the fact that starting and stopping the electric motor installed in the submersible pump develops a large torque. Therefore, a monolithic HDPE pipe is very popular today. Also, polypropylene pipes have gained wide popularity, which include sections welded together, each having a length of 4 meters.

The diameter of the pipe is selected depending on how deep the pump will be submerged, on the type of pump used. The most commonly used pipes are DN 40 and 50 mm (11/2” or 2”).

The temperature underground is approximately 4 degrees Celsius, and as a result, the temperature deformations, which are so often spoken of, indicating their danger, are not terrible for these pipes. The reason for this is the structural features of the plastic and its high resistance to temperature extremes.

Many experts assure the consumer that structures created by welding polypropylene pipes are the most beneficial for the buyer, since they have a large wall thickness, which leads to increased strength. Also, these structures without any problems allow you to build up a pipe, connecting new elements of the system with it and thereby expanding the water supply. The need to build up the pipe arises, as a rule, in cases where the flow rate of an artesian well decreases.

After all, it is easy to guess that after an increase in the number of wells in a settlement, the water level in them can significantly decrease, bringing certain inconvenience to users. Sometimes such changes require adjustments to the plumbing system.

It would seem that it is best to use a metal pipe, which has the maximum rigidity of all the types considered, however, in this case, there is one negative point associated with the large mass of the pipe. This greatly complicates the construction and dismantling. Moreover, the price will also increase by a significant amount.

More about plumbing with one and two levels

Satisfaction in the drinking water of one family does not create any problems and is quite simple. But as for domestic needs, watering the garden, especially in hot weather, there may be certain difficulties associated with a lack of water. Therefore, many are thinking about installing additional so-called storage tanks that will create a certain supply of water for a specific period of time to solve specific problems.

Distinguish between single-level and two-level water pipes. The first is characterized by the fact that the water that comes from a well or a well is used for its intended purpose immediately after pumping. The second type of water supply system is distinguished by the use of reserve tanks that create a supply of water.

These containers can be cylindrical or prismatic and are made of polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride. The service life of such tanks is approximately 10 years, which is a considerable amount. Modern tanks used to create water supplies have a volume of 560-4500 liters and are made of light-stabilized polyethylene, which is painted in various colors.

Very often, water is not filtered before it enters the tank. And if filtration is nevertheless carried out, then it is designed to rid the water of fluorine-containing and chlorine-containing compounds. The positive fact is that the largest part of the iron compounds after some time will settle to the bottom of the tank, and the harmful hydrogen sulfide compounds simply disappear over time.

A vessel having a capacity of 1-5 cu. m., it is best to install above the ground in the free space of the site. Recall that this solution is considered for a container in which there is water used only in the summer. This will help to heat the water in the vessel as soon as possible and reduce the waiting time to fill the irrigation system, because it cannot be filled with cold water, as the plants may simply die because of this.

Moreover, the location above the ground will allow you to create a crane in the bottom or side of the tank, which will serve to clean the battery tank from precipitation accumulated over the entire period of operation. The supply of water to the vessel can be carried out through an electromechanical valve provided in advance, and the seasonal branches of the water supply system can be fed by gravity or using a centrifugal pump. In both cases, a water level limiter must be installed, which can independently turn on and off the water supply to the tank. By type, float and electrode limiters are distinguished. I must say that both of them do an excellent job with the tasks assigned to them.

The need for water used for household needs exists throughout the year. These tasks include: the use of water in a bathhouse, house, garage, to fill the pool, etc. Therefore, it is advisable to bury the tank in the ground. The volume of such a tank is usually 3-5 cubic meters. m..

As you know, underground containers in winter can be pushed to the surface with great force. To prevent this phenomenon, a concrete slab is laid under the bottom of the tank, which also prevents pushing out associated with the presence of groundwater. The battery capacity can be placed not only within the site, but also under the house, which will save usable space by planting it with beautiful ornamental plants.

The water taken from the tank is sometimes warmed up, but this operation is optional. However, there is a requirement related to the fact that water must be filtered from silt and sand, as well as from various iron-containing compounds. Otherwise, it may lead to blockages. The harm from the lack of water purification and filtration can be clearly seen by looking at the snow-white plumbing elements, which over time become covered with a yellowish tint, confirming the presence of impurities in the water.

Water is supplied to the pipes using a special pump, which serves only for pumping. The coordination of this device is made by means of a level limiter, which is a well-functioning device that provides appropriate control and is placed inside the tank.

Autonomous water supply control system

When the pump is turned on or off, all the water inside the water supply system is sharply activated or also braked sharply. And it is not difficult to guess that at such moments there are corresponding pressure surges in the system. This phenomenon is called hydraulic shock. It is this fact that most often causes the failure of equipment and pipelines. Particularly critical are the connecting points, where there is often a violation caused by a sharp pressure drop and, as a result, a smudge is formed. In some cases, there is even a separation of the water column located in the water pipe and its further fall onto the pump during a stop.

Therefore, during the installation of the battery capacity, a throttle valve equipped with an electric drive is often provided and installed. This device can open very quickly during start-up and close when the pump is stopped. This solution is widely used in emergency situations. An example of this would be a pipe break that requires immediate draining of water from the system.

A more convenient and smooth start of the system, as well as a no less smooth stop, is carried out by changing the current frequency of 30-50 Hz. Moreover, this action is performed for a short time (about 30 s). The programmable type controller allows not only to get rid of water hammer, but also helps to maintain a constant pressure in the water pipes. This is done by changing the speed of the pump. This allows us to conclude that during operation, the performance of the system can change along with a change in the pump speed. At the same time, we can safely say that the resource of the device will increase significantly.

The cost of the considered control device ranges from $300 to $600 and it depends on the version and the parts used in the production process.

Regarding the controller device, we can say that any device of this type is a frequency controller capable of executing dozens of commands while controlling the rotation (speed) of the electric motor. A feature of the device is that it is able to provide the optimal mode of operation of the pump during its hard work. An example is the sudden current surges in the electrical network that can occur during the use of a manual arc welding machine. The controller will allow the negative influence exerted by these current surges. At the same time, it is possible to avoid turning off the pump during a voltage drop in the electrical network, for example, in rural areas, where such facts are recorded quite often.

Depending on how water will be consumed from the well, you can set the most rational pump operation mode. At the same time, it is possible to reduce overloads and exclude overheating of the engine, because both of these facts adversely affect the operation and shorten the life of the device.

This mode can be set manually or automatically using a special control panel. Very convenient to use remote control is the ability to automatically program the operating mode.

The system allows you to test the pump at any time and determine its performance.

In shaft-type wells located near houses in which no more than 4 people live, and their total water consumption does not exceed 4 cubic meters. m. per hour, small pumping units can be used. Vivid examples of such devices can be the Hydrojet or TJ Auto models. The prices of these devices are $300 and $140 respectively.

Battery capacity with a volume of 24l and 50l, as well as a pressure switch, allow you to set the economical mode of operation of the so-called suction pump. This is achieved by reducing the number of starts of this pump.

It is very convenient that all the components of this device can be assembled in one compact package. This also includes the control panel. The device can be safely installed even under the sink in the kitchen, while maintaining the aesthetics of the interior.

In cases where the water pressure at the outlet is insufficient, the automatic system will turn off the pump and then try to start it for a day. If the pump overheats, then the same system will immediately stop it, preventing it from failing. And when the pump cools down, the unit will start it again.

Well problems

Do not be afraid of the situation when, after a certain period of work, an artesian well begins to act a little. This is manifested in a decrease in flow rate, deterioration in water quality or an increased content of sand in it. In order to identify the causes of such ailments, you can make the so-called television inspection. This operation is performed using a special camera, which will need to be lowered into the water. The device will record on a video cassette and allow assessing the condition of the internal walls of the water-lifting pipeline along its entire length - this operation is called "well telelogging". In the future, by carefully reviewing the video footage, it is possible to identify the reasons for the failure of the well. There may be several such reasons: destruction (partial or complete) of the production string filter, as well as the appearance of a hydraulic connection between the aquifer and rock layers located above. Also, the cause of problems in the operation of the well may be mechanical damage to the wall or violation of the connecting sections of individual sections belonging to the casing. Another ailment is a sharp increase in the number of wells in the area.

Specialists involved in the installation and maintenance of autonomous water supply systems claim that telelogging allows not only to correctly determine the cause of a well failure, but also to make the right decision in a timely manner to eliminate the problem. The price of this study is from $ 3 per 1 meter of the length of the study. At the same time, it will be possible to reduce the cost of research and identifying the causes of failure, which can sometimes be carried out for a long time, and after all, no one wants to lose a continuous supply of water to their homes.

Rainwater collected from rooftops

It is noted that the greatest loads associated with water consumption in the central zone of Russia occur, as a rule, from May to August. This phenomenon is annual and requires a solution. This fact is explained by the fact that the amount of water used far exceeds the amount of natural precipitation falling during this period.

A fragment of a gutter system that allows you to collect rainwater from the roof of the cottage

In the considered period of time, for those who are very fond of crop production and pay maximum attention to ensuring that the site is green and lush, the solution may be to install a storage tank.

The time from August to November is characterized by abundant precipitation, which can be safely collected in an installed storage tank. In the future, the accumulated water can be used for household needs during the same year.

The water that falls during the rains has a good softness index and can be used for washing or washing, but it is forbidden to use it for food purposes, as it may contain a fairly large amount of sulfur dioxide that falls during the "acid" rains.

The Hydrorain installation has a capacity of 0.5-2 cubic meters. m, and is also equipped with an accumulator tank and a pump that makes it possible to automatically supply the collected water to a toilet, watering tap or washing machine. Ease of installation allows you to install the system yourself. You need to place it in a place where rainwater is collected: from the roof of a bathhouse, garage or cottage. The system can be connected to a seasonal water supply using a flexible tube made of metal-plastic. Modern drainage systems that collect moisture are able to independently purify water from various impurities.

Cost and maintenance of autonomous water supply

The cost of installations of various manufacturers is different and is in the range of 20 - 200 thousand rubles. This amount includes the cost of land and installation work.

Once every 5-6 years, the system should be inspected by a specialist to identify problems in connecting and other places.

The system requires a constant supply of electrical energy and in the event of a power outage in the network, you can resort to using an autonomous source.

We emphasize that before creating an autonomous water supply system, it is recommended to carefully consider the wiring diagram and the location of the individual elements of the system. You also need to consider a grounding system and a device that protects against lightning strikes.

In this article, the dear reader and I will have to find out how autonomous water supply of a country house can be implemented. We will get acquainted with the water supply schemes used for different water sources, and with the equipment and materials necessary for their implementation. Let's get started.

Water sources

Water supply to the house can be organized:

1. From the well. The obvious advantage of this solution is its low cost and the ability to implement the project with your own hands from start to finish (see). An equally obvious drawback is that drinking-quality water is quite rare in the upper aquifers;

1. From the well. Lower aquifers tend to produce water with minimal contamination. Alas, this is an expensive undertaking (driving a linear meter of its shaft costs from 2 to 4 thousand rubles, depending on the type of soil);

1. From a container. The tank can be filled with imported water or country water supply with water supply according to the schedule. The latter scheme is typical for many garden cooperatives in the warm regions of the country.

Schemes and equipment for cold water

What will the autonomous water supply of the house look like in each of the described cases?

Well

Conditions: the depth of the water mirror does not exceed 8 meters.

Equipment:

Image	Description
	. This is the name of a set of centrifugal surface pumps installed on one frame, a relay for its power supply with a pressure sensor and a hydraulic accumulator. The pump turns on when the pressure in the membrane tank drops below the critical level (usually 1.5 kgf / cm2), and turns off after it reaches the upper set value (3 - 6 kgf / cm2). When the water flow is low, the pump is idle, and the excess pressure is provided by compressed air in the accumulator. The station is selected by pressure (it must exceed the height of the upper point of the water intake above the pump by at least 15 meters) and by productivity (it must be at least equal to the peak water flow through all simultaneously used devices).
	The suction pipe is a rigid pipe through which the pump draws water from the well.
	Non-return valve that prevents the discharge of water from the membrane tank through the suction pipe when the pump is off.
	Water supply inlet connecting the pumping station to the internal water supply.
	Mechanical filter that purifies water from suspensions. Modern plumbing (primarily ceramic faucets and cartridges of single-lever faucets) really does not like sand and other debris in the water supply: a grain of sand caught between the water-blocking plates can disable them.

Please note: the maximum suction depth (those same 8 meters) is in no way related to the power and performance of the pump and is the same for all models on the market. The restriction is imposed by ... atmospheric pressure: it is it that displaces water into the suction pipe when a vacuum is created in it. Under ideal conditions (with absolute vacuum in the pipe), the height of the water column cannot exceed 10 meters.

Scheme: the pumping station is installed in an insulated house above the well or in a warm room at home (with a short distance to the well). The non-return valve is mounted at the end of the suction pipe, the coarse filter - at the water supply inlet.

Please note: with a large amount of suspension in the water, the filter can be installed on the suction pipe, in front of the non-return valve. However, in this case, the nozzle will have to be periodically raised to clean the filter.

Well

How to implement autonomous water supply in a house if a well (see) or a well more than 8 meters deep acts as a water source?

Equipment:

Image	Description
	. The pressure it creates must be at least 15 meters higher than the difference in height between the water intake point and the upper draw-off point. With a significant length of the water supply inlet, an additional coefficient of 1.2 is used in the calculations, which is necessary to compensate for the hydraulic resistance of the pipe.
	Non-return valve to prevent the loss of water raised by the pump.
	Power relay with pressure sensor. It turns the pump on and off when the lower and upper pressure thresholds in the water supply system are reached.
	Hydraulic accumulator. It acts as a buffer, eliminating pressure surges during pump operation.
	Mechanical cleaning filter. It again protects the water supply from suspensions and debris.

Scheme: a pump with a check valve installed on the outlet pipe is immersed in the well. The water supply inlet is laid below the level of soil freezing. The accumulator and pressure switch are mounted at the inlet or at any other point in the water supply.

Capacity

How to organize an autonomous water supply for a summer house or a house from a storage tank?

Gravity water supply

Equipment:

Image	Description
	Storage tank. In this role, plastic (polyethylene or polypropylene) containers for drinking water are usually used. They are usually equipped with a filler hatch and one or two pipes for connecting to the water supply.
	Float filling valve. It is needed if the container is filled from a summer water supply with periodic water supply. The valve allows you to automate the filling of the tank.
	Shut-off valve (usually ball valve). It allows you to drain the water supply for plumbing repairs without dumping the storage tank.
	Check valve. It is needed if the container is used as a backup source of water, and excludes its filling through the drain pipe.

Scheme: the container is installed in the attic of the house, or under the ceiling of a residential floor. It is filled when water is supplied to the summer water supply or (if imported water is used) using a pump. Water is supplied to the water supply by gravity through the drain pipe at the bottom of the tank.

Please note: a scheme with a buffer tank and gravity water supply can also be used if you have your own water source - a well or a well. Its main advantage is complete energy independence (of course, after filling the tank): even with a long power outage, the owner of the house will not have to do without water.

Gravity autonomous water supply in the country is more than appropriate, but in a private house such a scheme is somewhat inconvenient:

• The water pressure is limited by the installation height of the tank;

Reference: household appliances (washing machines, water heaters, dishwashers) operate at a pressure in the water supply system of at least 0.3 kgf / cm2. It corresponds to the pressure created by a water column 3 meters high.

• The tank can only be installed in a warm room. In a cold attic, water will freeze during the first night frosts;
• The water supply in the tank is limited by the strength of the floor beams.

It is curious: gravity water supply to the water supply system has been used for many years to provide water supply to apartment buildings and even entire settlements. Buffer tanks in water towers were filled with water from any local source - a well or a water intake from an open reservoir. Now this water supply system has been practically superseded by pumping stations.

Water supply by pump

All the disadvantages described above are deprived of autonomous water supply in a private house with water supplied from a storage tank by a pumping station. To implement this scheme, you need the pumping station itself, a float valve, a water tank (its volume is limited only by the size of the room allocated for the water reserve in the basement or basement) and a pair of check valves.

Scheme: the container is filled through the float valve or (if the water is imported) through the filler hatch. The input of the pumping station is connected to the drain pipe of the tank. Check valves are placed on the outlet pipe of the pump (the valve does not allow the container to be filled through the drain), and between the tie-ins of the container and the pump into the water supply.

Captain Evidence suggests: this scheme can also be used as a backup source of water in a house with its centralized supply.

How does it work:

• At normal pressure in the main water supply, the check valve on the outlet pipe of the pump is activated. The second valve is open. Water enters the internal water supply and fills the tank through the float valve;
• After filling the tank, the float valve shuts off the water, but it continues to flow into the water supply;
• When the pressure drops below the threshold of the pressure switch of the pumping station, the pump turns on. The check valve at its outlet opens. The second valve is closed and excludes the discharge of water into the water supply line. Until the inlet pressure stabilizes, the house is fed with water from the tank.

Schemes and equipment for hot water supply

What equipment is needed to provide the house with hot water? Here is a description of the most popular solutions.

electric boiler

Device: heat-insulated tank with heating element and thermostat.

Advantages:

• A small load on the wiring (the power of the heating elements lies in the range of 1-3 kilowatts);
• Stable water temperature;
• Possibility of precise temperature control.

Disadvantages:

• High cost per kilowatt-hour of heat;

Captain Evidence suggests: all electric heaters have an efficiency of 100% (minus heat loss through the hull). To get a kilowatt-hour of heat, you need to spend exactly the same amount of electricity.

• Heat loss through the thermal insulation of the tank: the boiler periodically turns on the heating elements for heating water even in the absence of its consumption;
• Energy dependence. If you turn off the light, hot water will quickly run out.

Connection: the boiler inlet is fed from the cold water supply, the outlet is connected to the DHW distribution. A safety group is installed at the inlet, consisting of a check valve and a safety valve. The non-return valve excludes the discharge of heated water during cold water shutdowns, and the safety valve prevents a dangerous increase in pressure in the tank and water supply due to thermal expansion of water.

Indirect heating boiler

Device: a heat-insulated tank with a heat exchanger and branch pipes for connection to cold water, hot water and heating systems.

Advantages: connects to any type of heating boiler. Allows to realize non-volatile (without use of the electric power) preparation of hot water. The cost of a kilowatt-hour of heat is determined only by the type of fuel used.

Connection:

• A small volume indirect heater is connected to the water supply in the same way as an electric boiler;
• With a volume of more than 150 liters, the safety valve is replaced by an expansion tank. It also solves the problem of thermal expansion of water, but in a different way: it does not dump water into the drain, but accommodates its excess by compressing air;

• The boiler is connected to the heating system in parallel with the heating circuit. In the warm season, the batteries are turned off, and the coolant circulates between the heat exchangers of the boiler and the boiler.

Geyser, double-circuit boiler

Device: geyser - a flowing water heater that uses the heat of combustion of gas. Adjustment of its supply is carried out by a thermostat - mechanical or electric.

A double-circuit boiler combines heating work with the preparation of hot water in an additional heat exchanger (separate or coaxial).

Advantages:

• Use of the cheapest source of heat - main gas;
• The compactness of the water heater;
• Models with piezo ignition and a mechanical thermostat have non-volatility.

Disadvantage: low accuracy of temperature control for devices with a mechanical thermostat. Trying to take a warm shower becomes a continuous battle with the mixer taps.

Connection: in the gap between hot and cold water pipes. Of the additional fittings, only taps that cut off the column or boiler, and a mechanical filter on the inlet pipe can be installed.

However: if there is a filter at the water supply inlet, the make-up water does not require additional purification.

Pipe selection

What pipes can be used to distribute water from an autonomous source around the house?

According to SP 30.13330.2012, pipes for internal water supply must:

• Serve for at least 50 years at a temperature of +20°C;
• Serve at least 25 years on hot water with a temperature of + 75 ° C;
• Have a constant hydraulic resistance throughout its service life.

This instruction immediately excludes from the list of applicants the steel pipes familiar to us in Soviet-built houses: according to VSN 58-88, they must be replaced in 10-15 years.

In addition: the fouling of the inner surface of the pipe walls with deposits and rust reduces the clearance of the water pipe and significantly increases its hydraulic resistance.

What's in the dry matter?

Copper

Mounting methods:

• On solder socket joints. After flux treatment and heating of the parts to be joined with a torch, the solder fills the gap between the parts due to the manifestation of the capillary effect. Soldering provides an absolutely tight connection that does not require maintenance and perfectly tolerates temperature fluctuations (see);

• On compression fittings. When tightening the union nut, the pipe is crimped with a copper or brass sealing ring. The tightness is ensured by the deformation of the ductile metal;

• On press fittings. The pipe is compressed by a deformable coupling with an O-ring seal.

Advantages:

• Durability. The oldest operating copper water pipes have been performing their functions for the second century;
• Plasticity, which allows you to perform turns of the water supply without fittings, due to bending the pipe;

By the way: due to the plasticity of the metal, copper plumbing can withstand 4- or 5-fold defrosting without breaking the tightness.

• Heat resistance of pipes and joints;
• The highest tensile strength (up to 240 atmospheres);
• Bactericidal properties of copper.

Disadvantage: high cost (for a diameter of 15 mm - 300 or more rubles per meter).

Corrugated stainless steel

Installation method: compression fitting connections. The strength of the connection is ensured by the corrugation of a thin-walled pipe.

Advantages:

• Exceptional pipe flexibility, which allows bending with a turning radius equal to the diameter of the water pipe;

• Unlimited service life of the water supply;

However: 30 years after its installation, the owner will have to change the silicone rings in the fittings.

• Tensile strength (up to 210 atmospheres);
• Heat resistance of the pipes themselves and silicone seals of the fittings (up to 150°C);

Please note: the heat resistance and strength of metal pipes are clearly excessive for autonomous water supply with its parameters completely controlled by the owner.

• Extreme ease of installation of connections. The fitting is mounted with two adjustable wrenches in 30 seconds;

• Low material consumption (the wall thickness of the pipe is only 0.3 mm) and, as a result, a fairly affordable price (from 105 rubles per meter for a diameter of 15 mm).

Disadvantage: high hydraulic resistance due to wall corrugation.

Polypropylene

Mounting method: socket welded joints. The fitting and pipe are melted on the nozzle of the soldering iron and connected. Thanks to molecular diffusion, the material of the parts is reliably welded, forming a joint that is almost as strong as a solid pipe (see).

An important point: reinforced pipes are often used for hot water supply. Reinforcement reduces the elongation of straight sections of the water pipe when heated. Reinforcement with aluminum foil before welding is cleaned in the area of ​​​​the connection: otherwise, electrochemical corrosion of the foil can lead to delamination of the wall.

Advantages:

• The lowest price of pipes and fittings among all materials (from 20 rubles per meter of pipe and from 3 rubles per fitting);
• Minimum weight (polypropylene has the lowest density among all plastics at 0.93 g / cm3);
• Durability (not less than 50 years in cold water and not less than 25 in hot water);
• Simplicity and high speed of installation of connections.

Disadvantages:

• Significant elongation of pipes when they are heated. It has to be compensated by U-shaped or annular bends of spills and risers. At the same time, the pipe clamps closest to the compensators must be sliding;

• The drop in tensile strength when heated. The PN 25 pipe is designed for 25 atmospheres at +20°C, but when heated to +75 degrees, its tensile strength drops to 10-12 atmospheres. The service life of the water supply system is proportionally reduced;
• Delivery of pipes in straight lengths of small length (standard - 2 meters), increasing the total number of connections.

PEX and PERT

These are the designations of two types of polyethylene - cross-linked (with cross-links between polymer molecules) and heat-resistant (with the addition of copolymers that increase resistance to heat).

Mounting methods:

Image	Description
	On fittings with sleeves fixing the pipe. The fitting uses the exotic property of PEX pipe - shape memory - and is used only with it.
	On compression fittings with union and union nut. Applies to both types of pipes.
	On fittings for socket welding. Applies to PERT pipes.

Advantages:

• Heat resistance (70-110 degrees depending on the degree of PEX crosslinking and the amount of modifying additives in the case of PERT);
• Flexibility, allowing bends with a small radius;
• Delivery in bays, which means the minimum number of fittings.

Curious: pipes made of modified polyethylene are used mainly for collector water distribution with hidden pipe laying. The large length of the bay (from 50 to 200 meters) makes it possible to bring all serviced connections beyond the screed or strobe.

Disadvantage: expensive tool for mounting PEX on fittings.

metal-plastic

Metal-plastic pipes are called pipes with an aluminum core, inside and out covered with cross-linked or heat-resistant polyethylene. The core increases the tensile strength of the pipe and its rigidity with respect to deforming loads.

Installation: on compression and press fittings. In the first case, the pipe is compressed on the fitting by a split ring when the union nut is tightened, in the second case, a stainless steel sleeve deformed by pliers.

Important: before mounting the connection, the pipe must be calibrated. Its end should be smooth and with the internal chamfer removed. Failure to comply with these rules leads to the displacement of the sealing rings from the sockets of the fitting to the fitting body; as a result, the DHW connection leaks after only a few heating and cooling cycles.

Advantages:

• Delivery in bays;

• Pipe flexibility;
• Simple installation of connections.

Disadvantage: bending creases with a small radius.

Conclusion

We hope that our material will help the reader to choose the optimal water supply scheme for his conditions. The video in this article will tell you more about how autonomous water supply for home and garden can be implemented. Good luck!

Today we have to analyze some autonomous water supply schemes in a house without a centralized supply of cold water. We will study the main elements of these schemes, their key features and how they work. So, let's go.

Water sources

The autonomous water supply system needs a source of water.

They may be:

• Well;
• Well;
• Country water supply, the water in which is supplied according to the schedule (usually twice a week). This solution is typical for gardening associations, but somewhat inconvenient for domestic use, so we set ourselves the task of organizing round-the-clock water supply to a country house from a storage tank;

• Finally, water can be imported. And in this case, we have to provide autonomous water supply to a private house from a tank.

Implementation of water supply

Now let's move on to the actual water supply schemes. To learn more about how autonomous water supply systems are designed, the video in this article will help the reader.

Scheme 1: well or well up to 8 meters deep

This scenario is the simplest: the work comes down to connecting the cold water input to the outlet pipe of the installation for autonomous water supply (pumping station). It is a set of a surface pump, a membrane tank and an automatic relay to control the power supply of the pump depending on the pressure.

Hint: a diaphragm accumulator increases pump downtime with little water draw and smooths out pressure surges when it is turned on and off. The pressure switch is triggered when the boundary parameters specified by the manufacturer or the owner are reached (usually the pump turns on at 1.5 kgf / cm2 and turns off at 4.5).

Depending on the depth of the well and the budget of the project, you can choose a device of one of three varieties:

Image	Description
	Membrane (vibrating): the mechanics of the device sets in motion an elastic membrane, forcing water to move through a system of check valves. Advantage - cheapness. Disadvantages - a small overhaul resource due to membrane wear, water pollution with sand and silt due to vibration.
	Vortex: The head is generated by the minimum clearance between the single impeller and the chamber walls. Advantages: compactness, reasonable price, significant resource compared to vibration pumps. Disadvantage: only works with clean water.
	: pressure is provided by working chambers connected in series with water channels with impellers on a common shaft. Advantages: practically unlimited pressure (it is determined by the number of working chambers); the ability to pump contaminated water by increasing the gap between the impellers and the walls of the chambers; durability and fault tolerance. The disadvantage is the high cost.

If you only have to design an autonomous water supply, when choosing a pump, pay attention to two of its parameters:

1. The pressure at the outlet pipe must be at least 15 meters greater than the difference in height between the water table and the upper draw-off point. Excessive pressure compensates for the hydraulic resistance of pipes and ensures the normal operation of plumbing fixtures;

1. Performance again should not be less than the peak water flow.

In addition to the pump, the water supply scheme should include:

• An input laid in the ground. Usually it is mounted with a polyethylene pressure pipe: polyethylene, due to its elasticity, tolerates soil movements and even freezing of water inside the pipe without damage;

• Check valve. It stands on the outlet pipe of the pump and does not allow water to drain into the well or well when it is turned off;

• Hydraulic accumulator. We have already discussed its functions. The larger the volume of the membrane tank, the less often the pump will turn on. The pumping pressure of the membrane tank should be slightly higher than the lower threshold of the pressure switch;

• Automatic pressure switch. It controls the operation of the pump.

Scheme 3: tank with gravity water supply

This is another extremely simple scheme: autonomous water supply is provided by the difference in height between the storage tank and the draw-off points. The tank is installed in the attic or under the ceiling of a residential floor and is automatically filled when water is supplied to the country water supply.

How does connecting an autonomous water supply to a storage tank look like with your own hands? External water supply is connected to a filler float valve installed under the tank cover (the same as in the toilet bowl).

The internal water supply of the house is cut off from the tank only by a ball valve, which allows it to be dumped for plumbing repairs without losing water.

How to calculate the required capacity? The instruction is very simple: the minimum volume is equal to the product of the maximum interval between water supplies according to the schedule and its daily consumption (an average of 200 liters per person per day). Let's say, for two residents, when water is supplied twice a week, a tank of 200x2x4 \u003d 1600 liters is enough.

The advantage of the solution is obvious: the water supply from the tank is completely non-volatile. If you often turn off the light, this will not affect the water supply.

Alas, such a scheme for autonomous water supply of a private house also has several rather unpleasant drawbacks:

• The water supply is limited by the strength of the floors;

• For operation in winter, the tank must be installed in a heated room, which in the case of an attic means extra costs;
• The solution is not suitable for a one-story house with a flat roof or a garage: there is simply nowhere to place the container in them;
• The pressure in a gravity water pipeline is limited by the difference in height between the water level in the storage tank and the draw-off point.

Meanwhile: for the normal operation of household appliances using water (flow heaters, washing machines, etc.), a pressure of at least 3 meters is required.

Scheme 4: tank with a pumping station

The last scheme is deprived of these shortcomings - with the supply of water from a tank by a pumping station already familiar to us. The tank is installed in the basement or basement floor, which makes it possible not to worry about heating it.

The container can be filled:

• From the country water supply;
• imported water;
• Rain water that has been filtered.

Internal plumbing

What pipes to install an autonomous water supply inside the house?

They combine low cost with durability and ease of installation. Their only drawback - limited resistance to overheating and water hammer - is offset by the stability of water supply parameters in an autonomous system.

Conclusion

As you can see, all the proposed schemes are easy to implement and, if there is a source of water, do not require significant costs. Good luck!

Not all owners of private houses and cottages have all the benefits of communications, one of which is the water supply system. In such cases, everyone must be aware of the existence of alternative solutions. In many ways, success depends on the geographical location of the owner of the home and its resources (money, effort, energy, time). Knowledge is power. Therefore, in this article there is the necessary information.

Autonomous water supply system

is a system for obtaining, purifying and delivering clean water to the premises. In our case, we consider a private house, the inhabitants of which, for one reason or another, do not have a connection to the water supply system, or maybe there is none at all on the territory of their residence.

Every owner of the house is faced with a problem, which is the organization of water supply. If it is not possible to connect to a centralized water supply, then it is worth equipping an autonomous water supply.

Everyone who lived in the village or went to their grandmother for the summer remembers what it is like to fill a can with water from a nearby well or pump. Yes, such a simple pleasure as water was worth such a difficult effort. Today, in the age of information technology and active urbanization, it is probably wild to hear that somewhere there is no water, but the realities are just like that.
To understand at least a little the essence of each source of water, imagine the earth in a section. The first layer, closest to the surface, accumulates groundwater. This is followed by a layer of sand, under which there is cleaner water. And much deeper is a layer of limestone that stores the purest water without any chemicals, bacteria and is healthy. Now most of the drinking water sold in plastic bottles is obtained from there. Further, we will discuss more detailed aspects of autonomous water supply.
First you need to determine the amount of water consumed per day. In an ordinary family, there are about two hundred liters per person. Which includes both economic and domestic needs.

Water sources, their advantages and disadvantages

So, based on the aquifers, we can safely distinguish three main sources of water for your water supply system. These include:

• wells;
• Wells;
• Artesian pools.

Now it is worth looking at the advantages and disadvantages of each of them.

Well - a hydraulic structure for extracting groundwater, usually representing a vertical recess with reinforced walls and a mechanism for raising water to the surface.

A well is the simplest and cheapest element to implement. Since ancient times, people have been using this simple installation. The disadvantages include not the highest quality of water, since melt water with various kinds of garbage enters the wells. It should be built if there is water at a depth of 4-15 meters. The well is able to satisfy the needs of the whole household (family). So, the advantages are: low cost, durability, independence from electricity, since you can get water manually, ease of construction. Important: there should not be any buildings within a radius of 50 meters from the well.
- this is a more expensive source, which is a small drilled hole to a depth of 10-30 meters, where very clean water usually occurs. In addition, such stocks do not differ in durability. They can last up to 8-10 years.
Artesian pool - the best and at the same time expensive and difficult option is artesian water. It has long been known to everyone that this water is the purest and most useful. And the source itself can serve for many years, several tens, or even up to half a century. The whole beauty of the water extraction process is that you need to drill a very deep well from 150 meters, however, after that you don’t even have to use pumps, as water bursts out under pressure.

Well drilling is one of the ways to extract groundwater at a depth of up to 30m.

Necessary equipment for autonomous water supply

• To build the necessary good you will need:
• Electric or mechanical pumps (centrifugal - if there is a lot of sand, vortex - for good water pressure, screw - for open water);
• Power surge fuses;
• Pipes;
• Hydraulic accumulator;
• Hydropneumatic tanks are water storage tanks. The ideal volume would be from 100 liters.
• Various plumbing fixtures;
• A caisson is an insulation system installed in the ground at a depth where there is no water.
• Filter and other devices, if necessary, pipes, taps, adapters, valves.

The best well pumps include: Grundfos, Wilo SE, ESPA, Leo group, Aquario.
The best downhole pumps include: Wilo, Aquario, Pedrollo, Gileks, Aquarius, Whirlwind, ESPA.

Part of the necessary equipment for organizing water supply in a private house.

List of the best pumping stations for a country house:

1. Grundfos JP Basic 3PT.
2. Caliber SVD-160/1.5.
3. GARDENA 4000/5 Classic.
4. Quattro Elementi Automatico 1000 Inox.
5. Gilex Jumbo 70/50 Ch-24.
6. GARDENA 3000/4 Classic.
7. Gilex Jumbo 50/28 Ch-24.
8. Storm! WP9714VI.

In fact, they are divided into two main groups: surface and submersible.
To select an artesian source pump, you need to know the flow and pressure.
Hydraulic accumulator - smooths out fluctuations in water pressure, saves pump life and feeds the system during a short-term power outage.
Pipes are polypropylene (long service life, flexibility, prevention of rust and leakage) and metal-plastic.
The most common drill is the “PDC chisel”. And also: “Destroyer-2”, “Destroyer-3”, for deeper wells and destruction of hard rocks, oil and gas bits (cone bits) are used.
There are two types of filters: the first is for immersion with a pipe, the second is located at the station indoors. The first one cleans mechanical debris, and the second one already filters and gives out the purest water.
Plumbing fixtures include: taps, drain tanks, water locks (siphons), faucets.

Pumps are necessary for providing water supply, for the operation of heating systems, as well as for sewage.

Features of work on the arrangement of autonomous water supply

Let's say we chose a well. First you need to know that he digs only when the water lies at a depth of 5 to 15 meters. Then it would be better to take a sample or, better, for analysis, water from the well of neighbors. If everything is fine, we stock up on strength and start digging.
Note! As you deepen, you need to strengthen the walls of the well with wooden beams (larch, oak, pine) or concrete rings, and you can also use stone, brickwork or polymer pipes.
Next, you need to choose between two options for installing pumps: at home or near the well. In the first option, it will be necessary to dig a trench about half a meter deep from the house towards the well and lay a pipe with a diameter of 32 mm through it, while taking into account the thermal insulation of the pipe. To do this, the depth of soil freezing is taken into account and the pipes are laid below this depth. To avoid stagnant water, it is necessary to lay pipes at an angle to the house. In the second option, it is necessary to build a separate room for the pump and insulate the entry and exit points of the pipes. The rest you need to do all the same trenches.
Suppose we chose the option with a well. Here you need to have improvised tools, and for faster success, use a drill.

A drill is a cutting tool for making holes in hard materials, often used to create wells in a private house.

Wells are made “on the sand”, which means that the water lies on the upper layers, exactly in those places where the sandy layer lies. The depth is usually 10-30 meters. After you have received a hole, you need to insert a pipe of the required diameter into it, at the end of which a mesh is attached, which, in turn, will filter out pebbles and other unnecessary impurities. And the final section of the pipe itself should consist of many small holes for better suction.
The house is installed, which compensates for the small amount of water; pipes that no longer need to be insulated and a pump. The quality of water from the well "on the sand" is not bad, but periodically the well should be cleaned of silting. Water is recommended to be filtered.
Well, the coolest option. If you manage to build it, then you will provide water not only for yourself, but for your offspring, because such a source is able to provide water for an entire settlement. Firstly, for drilling wells with a depth of more than 150 meters, it is necessary to attract a more serious unit, as well as specialists. Secondly, any artesian basins are the property of the state and fall into the category of the country's natural resources. This requires a certain bureaucratic component and it is quite possible to obtain permission to use this natural good.

How to organize work

First, you need to determine the rate of consumption of your family. Second, understand what type of source is best for you. Thirdly, draw up a clear action plan: a list of necessary equipment, transportation costs, costs for paying employees and specialists. Fourth, check the quality of the resulting water supply system. The key to success is the use of quality materials and a competent system.
It is better to use plastic pipes, strengthen the well with concrete rings, use high-quality pumps, connect heating equipment through an extensive network, and have a faucet in each room.

Strengthening the walls of the well with concrete rings will increase the life of the well, do preventive work associated with pollution, silting.

In the case of repair work, you do not have to leave the whole house without water, lay pipes at an angle, drill manually so as not to leave extra recesses, which you cannot do with automatic drilling. It is better to attach the lowered pipe to some kind of pin, place the water source away from the structures in order to avoid the destruction of the foundation, the place where the pipe enters the basement must be insulated, and also placed a little higher so that the pipe functions normally when the building subsides.

Expert opinion

Semenov Vyacheslav Aleksandrovich, engineer: By choosing any option of autonomous water supply, a person will provide himself with water, and, if desired, can install a boiler and heat the room. There is a question already about the interior decoration. It is necessary to think over the scheme of pipes and implement it. To do this, you need plastic pipes, a soldering iron, scissors for cutting, a wrench. If necessary, you can build a collector, which will significantly increase the efficiency of the entire pipeline system.

Terentiev Alexander Dmitrievich, foreman of the housing department department: In general, the process of arranging autonomous water supply will not be easy for all people. You need to be able to handle improvised tools and have physical endurance. Questions related to the schemes and installation of equipment are best asked by specialists, since it is necessary to ensure proper water circulation in the house.

Loginov Sergey Andreevich, locksmith with 20 years of experience: Despite the chosen method of water supply, it should be carried out only with the use of high-quality materials and professional equipment, if necessary. Autonomous water supply will be a significant advantage in a private house and a significant privilege at any time of the year.

findings

The advantages of an autonomous water supply system include: independence from the central city system, savings on natural resources, the possibility of prompt repair work, full control of all data through sensors, regulation of use for better rationality.
The disadvantages can be attributed to: the complexity of the process, the cost at first, the need for knowledge in schematic subtleties, the fragility of some sources, the fragility of some equipment, it takes a lot of time to prepare the construction process. Now, having studied this material, you have learned what you need to do and what you need to purchase for autonomous water supply, you have received useful tips and recommendations.

For a comfortable stay in a country house, you need to install an autonomous water supply that will best suit your land and the house as a whole. Installing a water supply is a rather painstaking work that requires considerable financial and labor costs. Autonomous water supply can be presented in three versions, in accordance with which various equipment will be used:

• well;
• well;
• additional water tanks.

Consider the first option, in which it is necessary to drill a well to establish an autonomous water supply to the house. In order to equip a water supply system from a well, there are various options for sources: artesian and sandy.

Depending on the volume of fluid consumed, you can decide on the choice of a well. The sand option will be relevant for a site where water consumption does not exceed 1.5 cubic meters / hour. However, this method can only be considered for private houses with a small area and for people who do not use the well all year round.

This method of water supply involves drilling up to 50 meters deep and this will not guarantee that the water consumed from the bowels of the earth will be clean. It may contain unpleasant impurities and harmful compounds. The service life of this type of water supply will be characterized by a capacity of 500 liters and a service life of up to 10 years.

The best option for water supply would be an artesian well, which is achieved by drilling to a depth of 100 meters.

This, in turn, enables uninterrupted use of water all year round. With this type of supply, you can get up to 10 cubic meters / hour. The service life will be much longer than the previous version.

If you need independent drilling, you should use professional equipment, which should be accompanied by high-quality work!

In order to install everything correctly and receive water all year round, the following equipment is needed:

• Pump. The key element in this entire system, because with the help of its well-functioning work, water will rise to the required height and enter the house. The unit must be installed with a certain diameter with a value up to 4 and equipped with a protective mechanism that will prevent breakage. "Dry running" provides protection against overheating of the pump in the event that the water level in the well is below the permissible level;
• Plastic or metal tank. A caisson is a container that is installed in such a way that it has free access, but it is worthwhile to provide protection from dust and dirt from external sources. The need to install it is due to the fact that it will be connected to the pump and carry the pumped water into the house, as well as additional control over the operation of the pump;
• Metal-plastic pipes with a diameter of up to 32 mm, which are made of plastic and easily bendable material. The polymer material will prevent corrosion and fungus.

All pipes are laid in such a way as to reduce the risk of pipe freezing. The depth that is provided for during installation should not be less than 50 cm, and in the northern regions 70 cm or more!

It should be understood that this system will work smoothly and smoothly with the use of filters and water purification septic tanks.

Water supply from a well can be produced by various methods and using additional materials:

• Pumping station. The essence of this method is that an automated pump is installed at a certain depth, which will be debugged to fill the hydropneumatic tank with water. The tank is equipped with an additional relay that regulates the water pressure in the tank and a sensor that is triggered when water is consumed from it. After that, the pumping station begins to pump water from the well again. The tank is connected directly to the equipment inside the house with the help of pipes for using water;
• Deep pump. The use of this type of water supply consists in the fact that a tank is installed on the second floor or in a specially designated place in the attic, into which water flows from a well using a working pumping station. The tank is made of stainless steel or plastic, with a capacity of up to 1500 liters, it can provide water in those moments when there is no flow or good pressure. Water will simply flow slowly from the tap, due to the fact that the tank is installed on the highest point of the house.

Summing up this type of supply, it is worth noting what other necessary materials will be used:

• valves;
• manometers;
• filters;

When choosing a pumping station directly, it is important to focus on the depth of the well and the required water consumption. The installation procedure is that a pump with an electric cable and a pipe is lowered to the depth of the well using a galvanized cable and a winch pre-installed on the walls of the caisson. For a certain pressure, a check valve is installed, with the help of which the pressure inside the tank will be adjusted. After the work is done, it is worth connecting to the electrical panel and checking how the system works.

The next available water supply option is a well. This type requires large physical costs and not at all large financial ones. To date, the construction industry can offer such options for well supply:

• wooden wells. In this case, oak or pine can be used, the diameter of the logs is up to 18 cm. It must be resistant to moisture and installed up to 15 meters deep;
• The use of small-piece materials in the construction of a well. This type of water supply is possible with a deepening of up to 3 meters and stone, red brick, concrete blocks are used in the decoration. A very time-consuming process and physically demanding;
• Wells using reinforced concrete rings. A very common method of water supply, which involves the installation of a well space of the specified material up to 20 meters deep. It is characterized by a long service life and reliability in use.

When organizing a well, a very large amount of physical strength is required, since independent work is being done to dig out space to organize a well to the required depth.

There is another alternative in the autonomous water supply system. Removable tanks that are filled with water from a water carrier. Such a device is quite easy to use, and its installation does not take much time.

Installation instructions:

1. A pit constructed of concrete or brick is being carried out. The distance to the tank wall is at least 20 cm. The bottom of this pit should be filled with sand and leveled, and a small hole should be made in the center for an additional pump that will push water to the surface from the tank. This pump is connected to the tank using couplings and taps;
2. After the completed stage, it is necessary to cover the tank with the pump with a concrete floor, while leaving a small hatch;
3. It is worth connecting a pipe to the top of the tank, which can be brought to the house and an additional hole for filling the tank with a water carrier. The entire structure will be protected from dust and dirt by a concrete hatch. If desired, you can install auxiliary filters or install a septic tank inside the tank, which will clean the tank from germs and pathogenic bacteria.

This device can be used up to 50 years and have high resistance to temperature extremes (-40 +70 degrees Celsius). A very economical way of autonomous water supply, which does not require large physical or financial costs.

Summing up, I would like to note that despite the chosen method of water supply, it should be carried out only with the use of high-quality materials and professional equipment, if necessary. Autonomous water supply will be a significant advantage in a private house and a significant privilege at any time of the year.