Terms of training in fire safety. What regulations in the field of fire safety should be followed? The value of training for employees

Find out how PTM training works. Forms and terms of training in fire-technical minimum. At the end of the article, watch a video about what regulatory legal acts in the field fire safety should be guided.

AT Russian Federation, as well as all over the world, emergencies regularly occur that are associated with fires. Most of the casualties and material losses are due to poor preparation and ignorance by employees of the basic actions in case of fire. Correcting this situation is important, so fire safety issues should be carefully studied in accordance with the laws of the Russian Federation. Specialists and managers will have to study the technical minimum that considers the main PB measures.

The goal of each management of the enterprise is to ensure the safety of people working there. Fire safety training for managers and specialists is one of the key priorities.

The fire-technical minimum implies the presence of minimal knowledge, as well as actual fire safety techniques. At the same time, a person must understand and master the mechanisms for preventing fire, extinguishing it, saving human health and life, and property values ​​of the object. After passing the training on the fire-technical minimum and its certification, a PTM certificate is given to the hands, and the employee can be allowed to serve.

Forms of training and a list of persons required to pass the fire-technical minimum

The program of the fire-technical minimum is drawn up so that the learning process does not take much time and fully covers the required amount of information.

Managers and chief specialists who are responsible for fire safety are required to study full-time, that is, off-duty. This type of course takes place in the centers of the Ministry of Emergency Situations or educational institutions who have permission for a profile learning activities. Their work must be licensed. Otherwise, even after completing the training, students will not be able to obtain the required PTM certificate.

Who must pass fire-technical minimum this form? This type of training must take place:

√ managers and specialists of enterprises, their deputies;
√ responsible persons for TB;
√ leaders of children's and adolescent organizations;
√ leaders of voluntary public fire departments.

There is an educational distance system that does not require distraction from production. However, at the workplace or in special classes at the enterprise, training is provided for middle managers, directors and top management of enterprises with explosive and fire hazardous technologies, employees of educational organizations for children, employees who are associated with explosive and flammable substances.

Proper organization fire safety at the enterprise directly depends on the manager, so he cannot be trained remotely.

Training in fire-technical minimum for managers and specialists

The fire-technical minimum for managers and specialists is a set of practical and theoretical foundations that make it possible to ensure fire safety in emergency situations.

The manager must personally complete the PMT training course and ensure high-quality and regular conduct of the fire-technical minimum for managers of all ranks and specialists, as well as the training of all other employees.

Training on the fire-technical minimum is carried out after the issuance of a decree on the organization by the management. It also sets the time and schedule for theory and practice classes. The order appoints an authorized person who becomes responsible for organizing training in the fire-technical minimum.

The curriculum is compiled in accordance with all legal documents that regulate fire safety in the relevant industry. At the same time, all PTM training programs must be certified, as well as meet the specifics of the organization's activities. That is, it is important to choose a special training scheme that takes into account the industry specifics of production, the duties of trained people by position, as well as the characteristics of places of work.

Although there are some nuances here. For example, the general definition in regulations the concept of a fire-technical minimum is not given. However, this amount of data collected should cover questions fire regime measures in the event of a fire, fire hazard technological process and production.

The fire safety minimum training course should cover the most important aspects of PB for the administration.

The logical conclusion of any learning system is workshops. After the training on the fire-technical minimum is completed, a test is assigned, accepted by a specially created commission. Employees are familiarized in advance with the features and schedule of the exams. Upon successful confirmation of the acquired skills and knowledge in the process of training the PTM, after the test, a protocol is drawn up, a registration entry is made in the journal and a well-deserved certificate of the PTM is issued.

Terms of training at the minimum technical

The period of study may vary. As a rule, specialized centers try to compile short-term courses, which at the same time will cover all important aspects training in fire-technical minimum. One month is given to the employee upon his employment, so that he can be trained in the fire-technical minimum.

Fire service certification. minimum for workers who are associated with explosive and fire hazardous production, where there is a high risk of fires, should be carried out every year. Administrative personnel, specialists and employees whose activities are not related to explosive production must pass a knowledge test every 3 years.

In addition, there is emergency training. It is necessary for advanced training and for any changes in the legislation of the Russian Federation in this area.

Thus, PTM training can be of a primary nature when applying for a job, periodic with a mandatory re-passing of the training course, and emergency.

Attestation commission for fire technical minimum

The organization of fire safety at the enterprise includes personnel training and certification. Exams are taken after the PTM training has been fully completed. Exam questions should relate to the scope of the studied program. The test is submitted to the commission of the training center, which conducted training on the PTM, or a commission specially created for the certification of employees in the organization. The latter is compiled according to the order of the head of the enterprise.

The commission must include at least three people who have also received the necessary training. But the management staff is obliged to study the minimum technical requirements in the educational center. Checks the quality of development educational material attestation commission, which may include instructors and teachers of these educational institutions, representatives of the Ministry of Emergency Situations and other authorities.

Organization of fire safety at the enterprise

Regular and high-quality fire safety training can be considered as a key element of fire prevention.

When training the fire-technical minimum, skills should be developed that will help prevent a fire, and when it occurs, respond correctly and act in conditions emergency.

Responsibility for the observance and organization of fire safety at the enterprise lies with the management. We emphasize: in order to understand all the available measures for the organization of fire safety at the enterprise, the manager must independently undergo training. If the leader himself did not undergo appropriate training in safety measures at a licensed training center and does not have a certificate or it is expired, then the authorities may regard this as a violation. This also applies to the situation when the manager allowed people to work who had not been trained in the PTM and did not receive the certificate of the PTM of the appropriate type. In turn, this threatens with warnings, penalties, loss of reputation, and so on.

What regulations in the field of fire safety should be followed?

This story will be of interest to those who are involved in the organization of fire safety at the enterprise or are studying the course of the fire-technical minimum. And the first question that everyone is interested in is what regulatory legal acts in the field of fire safety should we be guided by.

Let's talk about this.

So, most often in this regard, the leading documents are used:

1. Federal Law of December 21, 1994 N 69 FZ "On Fire Safety". This document states how fire safety is organized on the territory of the Russian Federation, starting from the state, and ending with enterprises and ordinary citizens. This document is divided into several main sections:

Section "Basic concepts". From this section we can learn what fire safety is, how fire safety prevention is organized.

< Раздел «Государственный пожарный надзор».
< Раздел «Права и обязанности граждан в области пожарной безопасности».
< Раздел «Права и обязанности руководителей организаций».
< Раздел «Ответственность за нарушение требований пожарной безопасности»

2. Federal Law of July 22, 2008 N 123 FZ "Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements". It's kind of a set of rules. If this document is printed in A4 format, then you get about 120 pages. The document is very complex. It has a lot technical concepts and tables. Most often, this document Technical regulation on fire safety requirements” is used to organize certain works. Therefore, it should be used by an employee who organizes a fire regime system at his enterprise.

3. "Rules of the fire regime in the Russian Federation" dated April 25, 2012 N 390. This document is very simple and understandable. Therefore, an employee who has never encountered fire-fighting organizations can read this document and figure it out without any problems. The document consists of the following main sections:

< Раздел «General requirements". In this section, absolutely for all enterprises (whether it is a store, warehouse or production), all the requirements that must be met without fail are indicated. The same section specifies the requirements for the availability of separate acts of inspections, requirements for the operation of electrical installations, etc.
< Раздел «Пожароопасные работы». Что такое «Пожароопасные работы», Вы можете найти только в этих правилах противопожарного режима.
< Раздел «Требования к инструкции о мерах пожарной безопасности».
< Раздел «Требование по размещению и содержанию первичных средств пожаротушения».

One of the causes of industrial fires is the human factor. Careless attitude to the technological process and neglect of the rules of self-preservation in case of fire leads to disastrous consequences. The number of deaths in the fire in Russia in 2015 is 9377 people. Faulty production equipment and violations of work technology caused fires in which 10 people died. The result of a careless attitude to the regulations of hot and gas welding operations was fires, in which 25 workers died. Fires caused by malfunctions in electrical installations claimed the lives of 1875 employees of enterprises.

The fire-technical minimum is the experience and skills of performing work, taking into account fire safety requirements, which will help save a person's health and life.

Who is being trained?

At different enterprises, the following persons are trained in the fire-technical minimum:

The last item on the list allows the employer to reasonably make adjustments to the industry lists of professions to train the fire-technical minimum.

Event dates

Newly hired employees are required to undergo training in the fire-technical minimum within one calendar month. The frequency of repeated courses depends on the degree of danger of the object and the technological processes of production.

With a potential threat of uncontrolled fires and explosions at the facility, training in the fire-technical minimum of employees is carried out annually, in other cases the courses are repeated after 3 years. Planned training, practical exercises, fire fighting drills and monitoring of acquired skills can significantly reduce the risk of fires at production facilities.

Forms of study

Courses of the fire-technical minimum with a break from work, are held in profile educational organizations who are licensed to study. Training in fire safety measures for managers and specialists is carried out according to special programs agreed with the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Emergency Situations. After a course of theoretical and practical training students are being tested. At successful completion tests, students receive a certificate and an exam protocol (for documentary reporting).

Employees of secure enterprises, with increased level fire hazard of the technological process, training at the training centers of the Ministry of Emergency Situations is recommended. The consolidation of the acquired theoretical knowledge, the acquisition of practical skills and the development of tactical actions are carried out at training grounds equipped with hazardous production technologies.

The following employees are trained in the fire-technical minimum at the place of work:

• middle managers (heads of departments, foremen of production sites and shifts);
• directors and top management of enterprises that use explosive and fire hazardous technologies;
• kindergarten teachers;
• employees of security structures, with round-the-clock, shift work;
• persons in charge of public fire departments;
• workers, in official duties which includes the elimination of fires and work with explosive, flammable substances.

To train employees of the enterprise, the administration develops and approves programs adapted to the conditions of production. Theoretical and practical classes, take into account industry specifics, job responsibilities of employees, the peculiarity of jobs.

Training of workers and employees of the enterprise is carried out by the director or, appointed by order, a responsible manager. Conducting courses requires the teacher to have appropriate training and the presence of a valid PTM certificate.

Enterprise-based training includes theoretical study industry regulations on fire safety. Trainees are introduced to the principle of structure fire protection that exists in the enterprise. In the classroom, they study the methods and ways of evacuation in case of fire, the designation of fire hydrants, cabinets, shields, stands, determine the places and procedures for storing manual equipment. The course covers questions about the purpose and principle of fire water supply, automatic fire extinguishing systems, types fire alarm. Special attention focus on familiarizing with the types of fire extinguishers that are used in production.

Practical exercises are carried out at the workplace of the employee. Students learn how to use primary means of extinguishing fires, work out ways to evacuate people and provide first aid to victims of a fire.

The fire-technical minimum for workers and employees is limited by the amount of information that corresponds to the profile of the duties performed. Professional affiliation determines different requirements for the level of practical training of employees and the content of training sessions.

Examples of typical curricula and thematic plans, are presented in the appendix to the order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation. The administration has the right to supplement the list of programs for employees whose professions are not included in the application. When preparing plans, the drafters are guided by specific production conditions.

Training programs on the fire-technical minimum are coordinated in the territorial body of the state fire supervision. Enterprises that are under departmental subordination approve training programs at the level of the minister and coordinate with the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation.

A certification test of the acquired knowledge is carried out after completing a full course of study. The head of the enterprise issues an order for the enterprise to create a commission, consisting of three specialists of the enterprise who have been trained and tested the knowledge of the fire-technical minimum. Assessments of the knowledge of those being certified are recorded in the minutes of the meeting of the commission. Theoretical knowledge is assessed in relation to each of the sections passed. The final result is a summary indicator of the degree of theoretical and practical preparedness of an employee in PTM.

The value of training for decision makers

The fire-technical minimum for the head is one of the mechanisms for the full implementation official functions, which clearly defines the rights, obligations and degree of responsibility of the participants in the production process.

Leaders manufacturing enterprises(subdivisions), are personally responsible for the health and life of people, the safety of entrusted property. The work of an administrative worker is inextricably linked with legislative framework fire safety. The lack of PTM certificates among employees of enterprises is an administrative violation, and entails the imposition of fines on the enterprise and management. Large fires resulting in death of people and significant material damage are fraught with criminal liability for top management.

Creation of conditions for compliance with and popularization of fire safety requirements in the workplace is part of the responsibilities officials and secured by a collective agreement. The administration organizes the process of training the working personnel, conducts fire safety briefings, develops instructions, plans fire fighting drills, and monitors the knowledge of employees on fire safety.

The value of training for employees

The fire-technical minimum for ordinary employees of the enterprise is simple, well-known rules of self-preservation. The knowledge gained in the theoretical classes of the fire-technical minimum will be useful for practicing in practice methods of evacuating people, providing first aid to victims (burns, injuries), and using primary fire extinguishing equipment.

Federal Law No. 69-FZ of December 21, 1994, as well as other by-laws, require employers to train employees in fire safety at their own expense. According to Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 04.25.2012 No. 390 and, when hiring a new employee, it is carried out. In the future, if necessary, carry out repeated, unscheduled and targeted instruction.

It is not enough for managers, specialists and persons responsible for safety at the enterprise to be instructed. They are required to know the fire-technical minimum (PTM). It is necessary to send them for training within a month after hiring.

In accordance with clause 36 of Order No. 645, the ATM training program should be mastered not only by managers, specialists and responsible people. A minimum of knowledge is also required for:

• workers who conduct training;
• persons leading the primary organizations of the voluntary fire brigade;
• gas and electric welders and workers performing other hot work;
• drivers of fire trucks and minders in children's health institutions;
• other categories of employees - by decision of the head of the organization.

Note that there are categories of employees who are not subject to the obligation to regularly undergo training. It's about about persons qualified as an engineer (technician) of fire safety, teachers of this discipline, as well as employees of the Ministry of Emergency Situations and its structural divisions. In order not to undergo minimum training, they must have a continuous work experience of 5 years.

What questions are to be explored

Depending on the specifics of production, the organization independently approves a special minimum program after its agreement with regional administration Ministry of Emergency Situations. Examples of programs can be found directly in the order of the department No. 645 (Appendix 3).

Omitting the nuances related to production, training can be divided into two parts - theory and practice.

The theory must include:

• normative base;
• general information on combustion, hazardous substances, materials, structures in buildings;
• requirements for evacuation routes;
• data on the most common protection systems;
• rules for instructing employees;
• the procedure for reporting a fire;
• organization of extinguishing the flame before the arrival of the special squad.

During the practice, managers and specialists should learn:

• use fire extinguishers and other primary means fire extinguishing;
• manage and take emergency measures in the event of a fire;
• organize evacuation;
• provide assistance to the victims.

Standard training program for fire-technical minimum, sample

Where to study

The legislation provides for two options for studying - off-duty and directly in the company. In the first case, the employer will have to release their specialists and responsible persons to the training center. The list of persons who are required to pass at least in special centers is listed in clause 36 of the Order of the Ministry of Emergencies.

When preparing in a company, teachers themselves will come to the enterprise and, according to a pre-planned plan, will tell everything that is needed. But according to paragraph 43 of the Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, a special qualification commission of three or more people who have previously confirmed knowledge of the requirements of fire protection should check the knowledge of workers.

In some cases, training centers must have at their disposal training grounds that will take into account the specifics of production. This requirement applies to course attendees who are employees of explosive industries.

You can also study remotely. But this method is only suitable for the theoretical part. In order to gain practical experience, relevant skills must be developed.

Terms and frequency of training on the fire-technical minimum

Training of managers, specialists and responsible employees is carried out annually if they work in fire and explosion hazardous industries. In other cases, it is enough to undergo training once every 3 years.

As for the duration of the training courses, it depends on the course. The duration of courses recommended by officials is from 7 to 28 hours.

How learning is confirmed

Since for failure to undergo training, business entities face a fine under Article 20.4 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, documents confirming such training are required. This function is performed by a certificate of completion of the course. It is issued after passing the appropriate exam to each of the students.

The validity period of the certificate according to the fire-technical minimum is from 1 to 3 years, depending on the enterprise in which the trained person works.

Education fire safety for heads of enterprises and their divisions, specialists, pedagogical and engineering workers and persons responsible for ensuring fire safety, is organized in accordance with legislative acts operating on the territory of the Russian Federation.

These documents establish the frequency of passing the fire-technical minimum - once every three years. For such a period, these persons receive minimum fire certificates, which are issued training centers. For employees and workers, similar training must be completed annually. It can be organized directly at the enterprise, or on the basis of special training centers.

Employees of enterprises that are associated with explosive production also need to study PTM once a year.

In our ECC "Razvitie" there are courses on the fire-technical minimum, where representatives of any enterprises and organizations can get the necessary knowledge in this area.

Representatives of the leading categories are trained in the amount of knowledge of the norms of legal acts that regulate fire safety. They relate to the fire regime, the fire hazard of production and the technological process, the actions of the techniques that must be taken in the event of fires at enterprises that help develop practical skills to ensure the prevention of fires. An important place is given to practical skills to save workers, their health and property in a fire.

For employees of institutions who are engineers or fire safety technicians, representatives federal bodies authorized to perform fire safety tasks, teachers who teach the discipline "Fire Safety" and have five years of continuous work experience in this industry, may not undergo training in PTM for a year after taking office.

By the way, with a separation from the main place of work, representatives of the following professions should study the issues of the fire-technical minimum:
. Managers, chief specialists, as well as persons who perform their duties;
. Responsible for fire safety and enforcement fire safety briefings workers;
. Heads of primary organizations of voluntary fire brigades;
. Heads of health institutions for children;
. Employees who are associated with the performance of gas-electric welding and various other hot work;
. Drivers of fire engines, minders of motor-pumps in health-improving children's institutions, etc.

Such an important issue as fire safety should be given maximum attention.