Business plan download for raising pigs. Selection of service personnel

Pork is the most purchased type of meat. This is one of the main reasons why novice farmers prefer to breed pigs. In addition, the process of caring for these animals is less time-consuming and costly than for cattle. This is true for just developing entrepreneurship, as well as for those who work alone.

General characteristics of the business

According to statistics, the consumption of pork meat in Russia is 2 million tons annually. Therefore, there is a demand for these meat products. In addition, due to the current situation in the foreign market, imported meat has become a rare product, so the need for domestic supplies has increased. Conclusion: breeding pigs is promising.

Pig breeding is the cultivation and breeding of several heads of pigs in order to obtain and sell the product. At the initial stages of business, dairy pigs are acquired, which are fattened, and they are properly cared for. As soon as artiodactyls gain desired weight(usually 100 kg or more), they are sent to slaughter, receiving meat, offal and lard. Several pigs are left to produce offspring.

Advantages and disadvantages of pig farming

Raising pigs as a business has its pros and cons.

Advantages:

short period of growing animals - from six months to 9 months;
high productivity: from a hundred kilogram pork carcass, the output is 55% meat and 35% fat;
high and fast fertility: for 1 time the sow brings offspring of 10-15 piglets, and the gestation time lasts 3.5 months;
omnivorous pigs: these domestic animals are one of the few that are able to eat everything that they are offered;
constant high demand for finished products.

Disadvantages:

caring for pigs is a laborious and difficult process, which involves both cleaning the animals themselves and cleaning the pigsty, carried out 1 time in 4-5 days;
newborn piglets, a farrowing sow and a female preparing for this process are subject to special careful care and supervision and must be kept separately from other individuals;
significant capital investment required to start a business. More details about where to get money for business development - will tell;
pigs are more susceptible to infection with infectious diseases than other domestic animals, which in a few days can reduce the number of livestock, therefore, compliance with sanitary norms on the maintenance of animals, as well as on time to carry out vaccinations.

Approximate starting capital

The opening of pig breeding requires certain initial investments, which, with the successful development of the business, will pay off in a short time (six months to a year). Next, we present an approximate initial cost, taking into account that the entrepreneur already has a land plot:

Thus, to start the development of the livestock business, you will need to invest 120-130 thousand rubles.

Profitability, payback

In the livestock industry, raising pigs is the most profitable business. According to statistics, it is from this business that the owners have 20%, while poultry farming brings 15-17%, and cattle breeding - no more than 10%.

But before you start counting, you need to open a business, having previously assessed the profitability of the future enterprise. To do this, a detailed calculation of the initial investment and possible production costs is carried out. In addition, it is necessary to take into account all types of products that will be obtained from pig breeding: meat, lard, manure.

What is included in the concept of initial costs:

purchase or lease of land;
construction of pigsties;
acquisition necessary equipment;
acquisition of the first individuals for further breeding.

It is not uncommon for a novice pig breeder to already have his own land, even if not for an industrial scale. In this case, the maximum expenses will be directed to the construction of sheds and pens for pigs, as well as their equipment.

Production costs are the following:

feed, medicines for animals;
payment for electricity, fuel, water;
salaries for working personnel;
transportation costs;
other minor expenses.

At this point, the most expensive item is the purchase of pig feed, since it will need to be purchased constantly and in considerable quantities. It is also worth setting the amount of wages for workers, which varies depending on the region.

You can make an approximate profit calculation: if 1 kg of pork costs an average of 300 rubles, then one adult pig weighing more than 100 kg will bring a profit of 25,000-27,000 rubles. If we take as a basis the percentage of profitability from the case at 20%, then the net income per animal will be 4000-5000 rubles.

What breeds of pigs to breed?

In total, there are just over 100 breeds of pigs in the world. All of them differ in color, size and maximum weight gained. It is customary to subdivide all representatives of these artiodactyls into 4 groups of production value:

meat;
sebaceous;
meat-fat.

Meat, or bacon, breeds are represented by several varieties, but for the Russian regions the most suitable are:

Don;
Kemerovo;
Urzhumskaya;
large black.

Such pigs quickly gain weight over 250 kg, build up a lot of meat, have good frost resistance and immunity, and are less whimsical about keeping.

If a novice entrepreneur prefers to breed pigs for lard, then he should make a choice in favor of the following breeds:

Ukrainian steppe;
Mirgorodskaya;
Mangalitskaya;
black large.

Representatives of sebaceous species can be distinguished by their characteristic outward signs:

large dimensions;
in a fattened adult animal, the girth of the sternum is equal to or greater than the length of the body;
the head is large, the jaw is massive;
curled ears hanging over the eyes;
the neck is weakly expressed: the head flows smoothly into the body;
legs of pigs are short but massive;
skin covering lined with long, thick and soft bristles.

Bacon breeds, which are also suitable for business development in Russia:

white meat;
meat Duroc;
Estonian bacon;
Landrace;
Pietrain;
Tamworth.

Universal (meat) breed - the most acceptable for home breeding pigs. The thing is that from these animals you can get and sell sufficient amounts of meat and fat, and fat is formed in mature individuals. Its layer is small, the texture is soft and tender.

The most popular universal breeds are:

white large;
Breitian;
Siberian northern.

For breeding pigs, it is required to provide decent care for animals, otherwise the business will not bring profit. This will require:

Regular feeding with balanced food. If at home pigs are bred not for themselves, but for sale, then for active and rapid growth they need to be fed not only with food waste and plant products, but also with balanced feed, which will have to be purchased from the manufacturer. In addition, animals need constant access to clean water.
Good pigsties, which should be spacious, clean, insulated and without drafts. Separate pens for young piglets and sows should also be provided in pigsties.
To develop profitable business, animals must be cared for by hired specialists: veterinarians, livestock specialists and agronomists.

Equipment

For a decent development of domestic pig production, as well as to facilitate the care of animals, some equipment for small enterprises will be needed:

automated feeders that independently control the number and time of distribution of portions;
organic waste disposal systems;
ventilation ducts and installations for rooms with more than 10 pigs;
systems that regulate and maintain optimal temperature conditions.

Breeding

Since the breeding of pigs is designed to make a profit, it is necessary to constantly replenish the number of pigs. This requires mating of sows with males. Animals are ready for the breeding process already in the first six months of life, but experts recommend keeping males away from females earlier than after 10 months.

If the female is not ready for farrowing, then this is fraught with the following consequences:

death of offspring and sow;
health problems in piglets and females;
an increase in excess fat or underweight in offspring.

The sow needs to be prepared for mating: wait for the age of 10 months, fatten to a large size.

The process of mating male and female should take place in a separate paddock. Also, a separate place will be required when farrowing a sow. In anticipation of the appearance of piglets, the place must be cleaned and disinfected, necessary tools for childbirth must be prepared, the presence of a veterinarian is also necessary.

Prevention and treatment of diseases

Pigs are prone to diseases that often provoke their death. In order to prevent a decrease in the number of individuals, it is necessary to carry out preventive measures:

observation of the external state and behavior of individuals;
control over the feeding process;
regular temperature measurement rectally;
regular cleaning premises for keeping artiodactyls.

As for the treatment infectious diseases, then in some cases it is not carried out - the infected animal is simply killed. Some types of diseases are treated with antibiotics, serums, vaccinations.

Watch the video, which tells about the personal experience of breeding pigs for sale, the features of their maintenance and feeding, the potential benefits:

Legal registration of a pig breeding business

Domestic pig farming carried out for profit must be legal and legally registered. To do this, you will need to prepare a package of documents that you can collect on your own or with the help of a specialist.

First you need to issue if the number of heads exceeds the mark of 100 individuals. If the farm is more modest than the indicated figure, then you can arrange a simple household plot.

For individual entrepreneurs, when registering a business, you will need to indicate - All-Russian Classifier Species Economic Activities- with the number "01.46.11", which stands for "raising pigs for meat."

Breeding pigs is a laborious process, which, with the proper approach, will begin to bring decent profit for home business in a couple of years. With the development of pig breeding, it is possible to grow from a small farm into industrial enterprise bringing in even more revenue.

Igor Nikolaev

Reading time: 5 minutes

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In our difficult times, many are thinking about creating their own small business to get a stable income.

Pig breeding for these purposes is the best fit. Products derived from pigs are in high demand and the production process is quite simple.

However, profitable pig farming requires a number of conditions. Let's try to figure out together - what.

The first steps

Having decided to choose this industry to create your business, first of all, you should take into account that it will be necessary to radically change the usual way of life, devote a lot of time to the economy and constantly (especially at first) incur material costs. Before you start organizing a pig farm, you should realistically assess the possibility of selling the final product.

If you are planning a small business, whose products you can sell on your own at a market or fair, then a personal subsidiary plot is enough. If your requests are more ambitious, you will need to register as individual entrepreneur. Of course, this will require more serious bookkeeping, constant paying taxes and dealing with licensing authorities, but it becomes possible to increase the number of livestock and enlarge the business.

After you decide on the size of the future herd, be sure to draw up a competent business plan (either yourself or with the help of a specialist) that you will follow for the first few years. Many started with a few animals, and then gradually increased the number. Decide on the breed and plan for the future use of your breeding animals. The main emphasis should be on the sale of meat and fat. The selection aspect should be left only within the framework of one's own reproductive needs, since, as experience shows, the emphasis on the production of young animals for sale does not always pay even the initial investment.

It is also worth considering markets for by-products (blood, skins, bristles, and so on). In perspective good source can become your own smokehouse, since smoked ones are stored longer fresh meat, and demand for a nickname is also high.

Having brought together all possible sources of income, take care of the expenditure side of the business plan. It should include:

investments in the purchase of pigs for your herd;
the cost of purchasing feed (also consider where to buy it);
expenses for the initial organization and for the subsequent maintenance of the normal operation of the farm;
labor costs of employees;
expenses for carrying out measures of a sanitary-hygienic and veterinary nature;
fare;
other unforeseen expenses.

It should also provide possible risks this business, necessary measures to minimize them and the possibility of involvement from veterinary and zootechnical specialists.

Documentary support

Occupation with this species entrepreneurial activity requires a full package of permits and regulatory documentation. Ignorance of this issue often confuses future farmers. However, everything is not so scary as it might seem at first glance.

First, decide on the location of the future farm, since it is the local officials who will control you. Agree with them the very possibility of working in the territory under their control and the specific location of your farm. At this stage, a well-written business plan will help you a lot, which will demonstrate the seriousness of your intentions.

Usually there are no obstacles from local authorities, since any administration benefits from new taxpayers and new jobs. Moreover, if your plans are serious enough, officials can assist you in choosing a land plot and in its correct design. Also, in some cases, you may even be assigned an assistant who will accompany you at all stages of registration and collection of documents - from tax authorities to licensing authorities.

After legalizing your business and obtaining all the necessary permits, your next step will be proper organization premises for keeping animals. There are two options here - repairing the old or building a new one. The second option is more expensive, but it allows you to build a pigsty that best suits your needs.

If your herd is planned to have more than 100 pigs, you will need hired personnel who will need household, production and utility rooms.

They also need to be considered when planning a future pig farm. For example, with a population of 300 animals, the recommended area for all necessary premises– about 5000 square meters.

The pigsty should be clean, well-lit, completely draft-free and easy to clean. An important aspect successful management pig breeding is a modern equipment.

At the first stage, you can get by with simple drinkers, feeders and means manual labor, but the cost of modern equipment quickly pays off, as it greatly reduces maintenance costs and reduces the share of manual labor, which leads to a decrease in production costs.

Choosing a breed

There are a lot of pig breeds currently bred. The choice depends on the product you want to receive, as well as on climatic conditions your region and the availability of suitable foods.

Those farmers who have already passed First stage development of their pig farm, it is advised to start with a herd of 350-400 animals, which should include 2 boars and 15 queens.

Most of the pigs go to fattening for subsequent sale final products to start recovering the initial material cost. If a start-up capital there is not enough for such a livestock, you can start with a small herd, gradually increasing its number due to its own reproduction.

Before buying breeding animals, it will not be superfluous to go to several operating farms, see several options for the proposed young animals, see their pedigree (preferably for several generations). This is needed for:

exclusion of the possibility of mating animals that are closely related, after which the offspring is not viable and with deviations;
determining the productivity indicators of purchased pigs, since they are inherited, and future offspring depend on correct selection parents;
protection of your investments in the business for several years ahead, since the effectiveness of your investments depends on the right selection of the breeding core.

Currently, Vietnamese pigs have become very popular. This is due to their following qualities:

Large White and Northern Siberian breeds are traditionally popular with beginners and experienced pig breeders.

They are distinguished by high meat productivity, multiple pregnancy and, which is important in most regions of our country, good level adaptation to any climatic conditions.

Reducing the cost of feed mixtures without compromising their quality and reducing the cost of feed per unit of weight gain are the main keys to success. Well-balanced, high-quality and feed mixtures in proper proportions for each age group pigs let get high income and, as a result, a profitable business.

The same principles underlie approaches to breeding and reproduction. Activities in these areas should be systematic, purposeful and carried out at the very high level, constantly. This requires competent and experienced staff, which is best to include a qualified livestock specialist.

A good level of hired specialists will ensure the correct mating of pigs, competent care of sows during gestation and after farrowing, which will ensure high survival of young animals, and, therefore, increase the profitability of your business.

To calculate the profitability, let's take a specific herd size of 350-400 pigs, of which 15 are sows, and two boars. In a year, such livestock will need from 30 to 35 tons of grain and from 250 to 300 tons of different kind vitamin and mineral supplements. It can be served by a staff of 4-5 people.

In order to reduce the cost of feed, you can grow on your own land plot cereals and root crops. To do this, these sown areas must be provided for in the business plan.

To calculate, we take the average fertility of 10 piglets in one litter. Then from 15 sows at a time you get 150 cubs. Since pigs give birth twice a year, we get an average annual offspring of 300 heads. Pigs will gain a live weight of 100 kilograms in a year. The net slaughter yield from one individual is 50-60 kilograms. By multiplying this number by the total number of animals to be slaughtered by the average market price kilogram of pork, we get the gross income of our work for the year. On average, this value is approximately 3,150,000 rubles / year.

Now we subtract from this amount all the expenses incurred during the year (costs for the purchase or cultivation of feed, wages staff, public utilities, the cost of transportation and sales of products, and so on). We receive income before tax, from which taxes still need to be deducted (depending on the chosen form of taxation). There remains about one million rubles (per year). Given the initial investment in the amount of approximately 2.5 - 3 million rubles, the payback period is 2.5-3 years. Then this million will become your net profit.

In other words, after the payback, the profitability will be at the level of 25-30 percent.

It is worth saying that the above calculation is quite approximate and largely depends on the specific region of management. Each novice farmer, when drawing up a business plan, must take into account specific local conditions and decide for himself whether pig farming is profitable for him or not.

Pig breeding is considered to be the most profitable direction in animal husbandry. This is due to the fact that these animals quickly gain weight and are unpretentious in food. However, do not forget that, like any business, this one will require investment, risk and constant participation in the business.

How to start breeding pigs

Pig farming as a business can only be considered by those who have prepared a specific plan and are ready to engage in raising animals day by day. Despite the fact that the business started will require huge investments and patience, the results that it can bring will fully compensate for all the efforts. Pig breeding is divided into two areas: raising animals for meat and breeding, which is not considered as an independent business. By itself, it is unprofitable. Pork is always a popular product. The result of production is meat, fat, hide and blood. They are purchased by sausage factories, workshops, networks grocery stores and dealers in the market. smoked sausages and fat can be stored for a long time, which allows you to increase the duration of the sale of products without worsening it palatability. It is the sale of meat that makes this business profitable.

If a we are talking o for the needs of your family within the same barn, then you can do without complex calculations. But time and money still have to be invested.

Pig farming for beginner livestock breeders should start with a business plan. It should take into account aspects such as the organization of the farm, possible markets, feed purchases, breeds of pigs and their cost, maintenance costs. Separately, it is necessary to identify all possible risks and ways to reduce them. To effectively start a business, it is recommended to attract experienced professionals, among whom should be a livestock specialist.

Farm organization

Considering pig farming as a business, the focus should be on the farm. The room should be bright, clean and without drafts. The optimal area for a 300 head herd is 5000 sq. meters. This will allow to place in it household, office and production rooms, as well as a laboratory.

Special attention when various options farm devices must be given to the removal of manure. This is a very important factor for compliance with sanitary and hygienic standards, and therefore for healthy livestock growth.

Equally important is what equipment will be installed on the farm. Equipment for pig breeding must meet the latest requirements in order to exclude animal diseases. The success of the business depends on how modern it will be. European companies remain leaders in the production and development of such equipment. Modern farms are equipped in such a way that most of the process occurs automatically. These include electronic feeding systems, and separate areas for insemination of the sow, for farrowing, growing piglets and fattening. In Russia, such farms are still a rarity. It uses equipment that is 15-20 years old. Half of it doesn't work. The result of such activity is losses.

Purchase of pigs

To organize a farm for a beginner pig breeder, experts recommend purchasing a herd of 300 heads. There should be no more than 10 sires in the herd, at least 150 sows. This will be the main potential for replenishing the herd. Almost half of the livestock will need to be fattened and sold to raise funds. It is better to buy pigs in dozens from different owners in order to prevent mating of animals that are close in pedigree. The choice must be made with an experienced zootechnician or veterinarian, who will immediately determine the state of health of the animal. If there are many individuals with an unhealthy appearance on the farm where it is planned to purchase piglets, it is better not to risk it. And look for another farmer. In any case, this must be done in breeding farms.

Pig breeds

In total, there are about 100 breeds of pigs in the world. To select livestock, you need to carefully study them. Each of them has its pros and cons. Pigs are bred for meat, lard and bacon. Breeds of pigs differ in terms of what more can be obtained from them. There are differences in their fertility and resistance to change temperature regime. They differ in skin color and temperament.

In Russia, 32 breeds of pigs are actively used. Photos of some of them are presented below.

1. Large white. The most common breed in Russia and the CIS.

2. Landrace.

Even from the outside you can see how different all these representatives are.

Pig breeding as a business has the main goal - to grow the livestock that is, and to provide offspring to replenish the herd. To do this, it is necessary to take into account all factors, including the time of year.

Raising pigs is better to start in early spring. These animals are very thermophilic. During the warm season, a 25 kg pig grows into a 115 kg pig. With such a mass, they are already ready for sale. Piglets that have had time to be born in the warm period will get stronger faster and gain weight.

For normal growth, pigs need to drink a lot. If the water supply is not automated, then it must be provided in another way. Leaving a trough with water is not recommended, as it can easily be turned over. Animals will be left without water.

Pigs are very positive about feeding. Food should be balanced according to their age. Normal weight gain should be 0.5 kg per day.

Pig rearing technologies

Breeding technologies for these animals have many differences. But they all relate to feeding and keeping the herd. Each farmer chooses the one that is most economically acceptable for him and meets the tasks set.

Technologies differ in their approach to some are designed for the free movement of the herd. Others completely block it and focus on keeping the animal in a narrow cage.

There are various Danish, Brazilian, German, Canadian, Finnish technology. Each of them has its opponents and supporters. In Russia, the technology of breeding pigs in hangars is gaining popularity. This is very economical in terms of building a farm.

Those who have already started this business unanimously say that with any technology important factors for profit are the source material (pigs), quality investments in their cultivation and market prices at the time of delivery of products.

Development of pig breeding in Russia

In Russia, pig breeding is developing poorly. As a business, this type of animal husbandry is unprofitable for small farms. This is due to the fact that new technologies that are based on the capabilities modern equipment, are not implemented in most farms. Russian factories that produced equipment for pig breeding have almost completely stopped. Which leads to the use of old energy-intensive technologies for keeping animals. This affects costs and reduces the profitability of production.

Pig breeding in Russia is represented by largest companies who have not given up their positions for several years.

TOP-5 most successful pork producers in Russia

As can be seen from the table, the increase in production is obvious. But on a national scale, this figure is very small. Recently, the development of pig breeding began to be given Special attention. This is due to the reorientation of Russia to the domestic market and the ban on the import of meat from Europe and the United States. For the development of farms, the government plans to allocate special subsidies.

Viktor Kalinin

Pig breeder with 12 years of experience

Articles written

Owners of private households rarely perceive raising pigs at home as a business and fatten piglets for themselves. Meanwhile, you can draw up a pig breeding business plan, open your own farm and earn a considerable income. During the period of import substitution in the country, local producers are supported by the state, the demand for meat does not fall even in a crisis, and the seemingly complicated technological process consists only in the cultivation and subsequent sale of livestock.

Having decided to open your own business in the field of pig production, draw up a concept for the enterprise. Write down the requirements for the breed of pigs, premises, equipment and personnel, make a list of materials for construction and calculate the costs. Determine the number of heads and the composition of the complex - what workshops and premises are needed. So it will be formed, according to the points of which you can start the implementation of the case. In order for the business to pay off, it is not enough to acquire one hundred pigs - the minimum number that ensures profitability is 150 animals.

Documentation and design

First of all, determine where the farm will be located, and contact the leadership of the territory - the head of the district or the administration of the rural settlement. Present them with a business plan and verbally agree on the possibility of construction. Interested aspiring entrepreneur ready-made calculations can easily get permission. When the go-ahead is received, start collecting certificates and register the business.

Small-scale production - for 50 heads or less, can not be registered. It is enough to register a plot in private household plots and obtain a breeding license.

Possible forms of a large enterprise:

Individual Entrepreneur - for registration you will need an application form P21001, a copy of your passport, a receipt for payment of 800 rubles. state duty;
LLC - you will need an application P11001, a decision of the founder (if one person opens) or a meeting minutes (if they open from 2 people) on the establishment of an LLC, the company's charter and an order to select a director.

To register, contact the local tax office. Registration of the company and obtaining permits from Rospotrebnadzor, veterinary control, SES and the fire service will provide successful business and the trust of suppliers and buyers. Apply for a license and permits from authorities after construction - service employees must check the farm premises and assess its compliance technical standards. You can first contact them with a question - what documents regulate the construction, and how the economy should look like.

Breed selection

Having decided on the place where the pigsty will be located, choose the breed of pigs. All pigs can be classified into three categories:

meat-greasy - these include large white, pietrain, barbecue, Murom breeds;
bacon and meat - prolific, with an elongated body and powerful sides; breeds - Landrace, Duroc, Don, Vietnamese bellied;
bacon and meat of lesser fertility - Ukrainian pockmarked, Mirgorod breeds.

The optimal number of livestock is 300 pigs, 1 boar per 10 sows. You can buy piglets from entrepreneurs who already do business with pigs. Purchase juveniles from multiple breeders to avoid genetic diseases from inbreeding. You can meet breeders at agricultural exhibitions and forums.

Breed selection criteria: