Systems of automation of technological processes and productions. Automation of technological processes and production: who to work in this specialty

The widespread introduction of automation is the most effective way to increase labor productivity.

At many facilities, in order to organize the correct technological process, it is necessary to maintain the set values of various parameters for a long time. physical parameters or change them in time according to a certain law. Due to various external influences on the object, these parameters deviate from the specified ones. The operator or driver must influence the object in such a way that the values of the adjustable parameters do not go beyond the permissible limits, i.e. control the object. Separate functions of the operator can be performed by various automatic devices. Their impact on the object is carried out at the command of a person who monitors the state of the parameters. Such control is called automatic. In order to completely exclude a person from the control process, the system must be closed: the devices must monitor the deviation of the controlled parameter and, accordingly, give a command to control the object. Such a closed control system is called an automatic control system (ACS).

First protozoa automatic systems regulation to maintain the set values of the liquid level, steam pressure, rotation speed appeared in the second half of the XVIII century. with development steam engines. Creation of the first automatic regulators went intuitively and was the merit of individual inventors. For further development automation tools needed methods for calculating automatic regulators. Already in the second half of the XIX century. a coherent theory of automatic control was created, based on mathematical methods. In the works of D.K. Maxwell "On Regulators" (1866) and I.A. Vyshnegradsky "On the General Theory of Regulators" (1876), "On Regulators of Direct Action" (1876), regulators and the object of regulation are considered for the first time as a single dynamic system. The theory of automatic control is continuously expanding and deepening.

The current stage of development of automation is characterized by a significant complication of automatic control tasks: an increase in the number of adjustable parameters and the relationship of regulated objects; increasing the required accuracy of regulation, their speed; increasing remote control, etc. These tasks can be solved only on the basis of modern electronic technology, the widespread introduction of microprocessors and universal computers.

The widespread introduction of automation in refrigeration plants began only in the 20th century, but already in the 60s large fully automated plants were created.

To manage various technological processes it is necessary to maintain within the given limits, and sometimes change according to a certain law the value of one or several physical quantities. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure that dangerous operating modes do not occur.

A device in which a process takes place that requires continuous regulation is called a controlled object, or an object for short (Fig. 1a).

A physical quantity, the value of which should not go beyond certain limits, is called a controlled or controlled parameter and is denoted by the letter X. It can be temperature t, pressure p, liquid level H, relative humidity? etc. The initial (set) value of the controlled parameter will be denoted by X 0 . As a result of external influences on the object, the actual value of X may deviate from the specified X 0 . The amount of deviation of the controlled parameter from its initial value is called the mismatch:

The external influence on the object, which does not depend on the operator and increases the mismatch, is called the load and is denoted Mn (or QH - when we are talking on heat load).

To reduce the mismatch, it is necessary to exert an effect on the object opposite to the load. The organized impact on the object, which reduces the mismatch, is called the regulatory impact - M p (or Q P - with thermal exposure).

The value of the parameter X (in particular, X 0) remains constant only when the control input is equal to the load:

X \u003d const only when M p \u003d M n.

This is the basic law of regulation (both manual and automatic). To reduce the positive mismatch, it is necessary that M p be greater in absolute value than M n. And vice versa, when M p<М н рассогласование увеличивается.

Automatic systems. With manual control, in order to change the control action, the driver sometimes has to perform a number of operations (opening or closing valves, starting pumps, compressors, changing their performance, etc.). If these operations are performed by automatic devices at the command of a person (for example, by pressing the "Start" button), then this method of operation is called automatic control. A complex scheme of such control is shown in Fig. 1b, Elements 1, 2, 3 and 4 transform one physical parameter into another, more convenient for transferring to the next element. The arrows show the direction of impact. The input signal for automatic control X control can be pressing a button, moving the rheostat handle, etc. To increase the power of the transmitted signal, additional energy E can be supplied to individual elements.

To control the object, the driver (operator) needs to continuously receive information from the object, i.e., to control: measure the value of the adjustable parameter X and calculate the amount of mismatch?X. This process can also be automated (automatic control), i.e., install devices that will show, record the value of ?X or give a signal when ?X goes beyond the allowable limits.

The information received from the object (chain 5--7) is called feedback, and automatic control is called direct communication.

With automatic control and automatic control, the operator only needs to look at the instruments and press a button. Is it possible to automate this process in order to completely do without an operator? It turns out that it is enough to apply the automatic control output signal Xk to the automatic control input (to element 1) in order for the control process to become fully automated. When this element 1 compares the signal X to a given X 3 . The greater the mismatch? X, the greater the difference X to --X 3, and accordingly the regulatory effect of M p increases.

Automatic control systems with a closed action chain, in which the control action is generated depending on the mismatch, is called an automatic control system (ACS).

Elements of automatic control (1--4) and control (5--7) when the circuit is closed form an automatic regulator. Thus, the automatic control system consists of an object and an automatic controller (Fig. 1c). An automatic controller (or simply a controller) is a device that perceives a mismatch and acts on an object in such a way as to reduce this mismatch.

According to the purpose of impact on the object, the following control systems are distinguished:

a) stabilizing

b) software,

c) watching

d) optimizing.

Stabilizing systems maintain the value of the controlled parameter constant (within the specified limits). Their setting is constant.

Software systems controls have a setting that changes over time according to a given program.

AT tracking systems the setting changes continuously depending on some external factor. In air conditioning installations, for example, it is more advantageous to maintain a higher room temperature on hot days than on cool days. Therefore, it is desirable to continuously change the setting depending on the outdoor temperature.

AT optimizing systems the information coming to the controller from the object and the external environment is pre-processed to determine the most advantageous value of the controlled parameter. The setting changes accordingly.

To maintain the set value of the controlled parameter X 0, in addition to automatic control systems, an automatic load tracking system is sometimes used (Fig. 1, d). In this system, the controller perceives the load change, and not the mismatch, providing a continuous equality M p = M n. Theoretically, X 0 = const is exactly provided. However, in practice, due to various external influences on the elements of the regulator (interference), the equality M R = M n can be violated. The mismatch ?X that occurs in this case turns out to be much larger than in the automatic control system, since there is no feedback in the load tracking system, i.e., it does not respond to the mismatch?X.

In complex automatic systems (Fig. 1, e), along with the main circuits (direct and feedback), there may be additional circuits of direct and feedback. If the direction of the additional chain coincides with the main one, then it is called a straight line (chains 1 and 4); if the directions of influences do not coincide, then additional feedback occurs (circuits 2 and 3). The input of the automatic system is considered to be the driving force, the output is the adjustable parameter.

Along with the automatic maintenance of parameters within the specified limits, it is also necessary to protect installations from dangerous modes, which is performed by automatic protection systems (ACS). They can be preventive or emergency.

Preventive protection acts on control devices or individual elements of the regulator before the onset of a dangerous mode. For example, if the water supply to the condenser is interrupted, the compressor must be stopped without waiting for an emergency increase in pressure.

The emergency protection perceives the deviation of the adjustable parameter and, when its value becomes dangerous, turns off one of the system nodes so that the mismatch does not increase anymore. When automatic protection is triggered, the normal functioning of the automatic control system stops and the controlled parameter usually goes beyond the permissible limits. If, after the protection actuation, the controlled parameter returned to the specified zone, the automatic control system can turn on the disconnected node again, and the control system continues to operate normally (reusable protection).

At large facilities, one-time SAS is more often used, i.e., after the controlled parameter returns to the allowable zone, the nodes disabled by the protection themselves are no longer turned on.

SAZ is usually combined with an alarm (general or differentiated, that is, indicating the cause of the operation). The benefits of automation. To reveal the advantages of automation, let's compare, for example, the graphs of temperature changes in the refrigerating chamber during manual and automatic control (Fig. 2). Let the required temperature in the chamber be from 0 to 2°C. When the temperature reaches 0°C (point 1), the driver stops the compressor. The temperature begins to rise, and when it rises to about 2°C, the driver turns on the compressor again (point 2). The graph shows that due to untimely switching on or stopping of the compressor, the temperature in the chamber goes beyond the permissible limits (points 3, 4, 5). With frequent temperature rises (section A), the permissible shelf life is reduced, the quality of perishable products deteriorates. Low temperature (section B) causes shrinkage of products, and sometimes reduces their taste; in addition, additional operation of the compressor wastes electricity, cooling water, and wears out the compressor prematurely.

With automatic regulation, the temperature switch turns on and stops the compressor at 0 and +2 °C.

The main functions of protection devices also perform more reliably than a person. The driver may not notice a rapid increase in pressure in the condenser (due to the interruption of the water supply), a malfunction in the oil pump, etc., while the devices react to these malfunctions instantly. True, in some cases, problems will be more likely to be noticed by the driver, he will hear a knock in a faulty compressor, he will feel a local ammonia leak. Nevertheless, operating experience has shown that automatic installations work much more reliably.

Thus, automation provides the following main advantages:

1) time spent on maintenance is reduced;

2) the required technological regime is more accurately maintained;

3) operating costs are reduced (for electricity, water, repairs, etc.);

4) increases the reliability of the installations.

Despite these advantages, automation is only feasible if it is economically justified, i.e., the costs associated with automation are compensated by the savings from its implementation. In addition, it is necessary to automate processes, the normal course of which cannot be ensured with manual control: precise technological processes, work in a harmful or explosive environment.

Of all automation processes, automatic control is of the greatest practical importance. Therefore, the following are mainly considered automatic control systems, which are the basis for the automation of refrigeration plants.

Literature

1. Automation of technological processes of food production / Ed. E. B. Karpina.

2. Automatic devices, regulators and control machines: Handbook / Ed. B. D. Kosharsky.

3. Petrov. I. K., Soloshchenko M. N., Tsarkov V. N. Instruments and means of automation for the food industry: a Handbook.

4. Automation of technological processes in the food industry. Sokolov.

Types of automation systems include:

immutable systems. These are systems in which the sequence of actions is determined by the equipment configuration or process conditions and cannot be changed during the process.
programmable systems. These are systems in which the sequence of actions can vary depending on the given program and process configuration. The choice of the necessary sequence of actions is carried out due to a set of instructions that can be read and interpreted by the system.
flexible (self-tuning) systems. These are systems that are able to select the necessary actions in the process of work. Changing the process configuration (sequence and conditions for performing operations) is carried out on the basis of information about the progress of the process.

These types of systems can be used at all levels of process automation individually or as part of a combined system.

In every sector of the economy, there are enterprises and organizations that produce products or provide services. All these enterprises can be divided into three groups, depending on their “remoteness” in the natural resource processing chain.

The first group of enterprises are enterprises extracting or producing natural resources. Such enterprises include, for example, agricultural producers, oil and gas companies.

The second group of enterprises are enterprises that process natural raw materials. They make products from raw materials mined or produced by the enterprises of the first group. Such enterprises include, for example, enterprises in the automotive industry, steel enterprises, enterprises in the electronics industry, power plants, and the like.

The third group is the service sector enterprises. Such organizations include, for example, banks, educational institutions, medical institutions, restaurants, etc.

For all enterprises, it is possible to single out general groups of processes associated with the production of products or the provision of services.

These processes include:

business processes;
design and development processes;
production processes;
control and analysis processes.

Business processes are processes that ensure interaction within the organization and with external stakeholders (customers, suppliers, regulatory authorities, etc.). This category of processes includes the processes of marketing and sales, interaction with consumers, the processes of financial, personnel, material planning and accounting, etc.
Design and development processes All processes involved in the development of a product or service. These processes include the processes of development planning, collection and preparation of initial data, project implementation, control and analysis of design results, etc.
Manufacturing processes are the processes necessary to produce a product or provide a service. This group includes all production and technological processes. They also include requirements planning and capacity planning processes, logistics processes, and service processes.
Control and analysis processes- this group of processes is associated with the collection and processing of information about the execution of processes. Such processes include quality control processes, operational management, inventory control processes, etc.

Most of the processes belonging to these groups can be automated. To date, there are classes of systems that provide automation of these processes.

Terms of reference for the subsystem "Warehouses"	Terms of reference for the subsystem "Document management"	Terms of reference for the subsystem "Purchases"

Process Automation Strategy

Process automation is a complex and time-consuming task. To successfully solve this problem, it is necessary to adhere to a certain automation strategy. It allows you to improve processes and get a number of significant benefits from automation.

Briefly, the strategy can be formulated as follows:

understanding of the process. In order to automate a process, it is necessary to understand the existing process in all its details. The process must be fully analyzed. The inputs and outputs of the process, the sequence of actions, the relationship with other processes, the composition of the process resources, etc., must be defined.
simplification of the process. Once the process analysis has been carried out, it is necessary to simplify the process. Extra operations that do not bring value should be reduced. Individual operations can be combined or run in parallel. Other technologies for its execution can be proposed to improve the process.
process automation. Process automation can only be performed after the process has been simplified as much as possible. The simpler the process flow, the easier it is to automate and the more efficient the automated process will be.

And production is not an easy specialty, but a necessary one. What does she represent? Where and on what can one work after receiving a professional degree?

general information

Automation of technological processes and industries is a specialty that allows you to create modern hardware and software tools that can design, research, conduct technical diagnostics and industrial tests. Also, a person who has mastered it will be able to create modern control systems. Specialty code of automation of technological processes and production - 15.03.04 (220700.62).

Based on it, you can quickly find the one you are interested in and see what they are doing there. But if we talk about it in general, then such departments train specialists who can create modern automated objects, develop the necessary software and operate them. This is what automation is

The specialty number was given earlier as two different numerical values due to the fact that a new classification system was introduced. Therefore, first it is indicated how the described specialty is designated now, and then how it was done earlier.

What is being studied

The specialty "automation of technological processes and production of free software" is during training a set of tools and methods that are aimed at implementing systems that allow you to manage ongoing processes without direct human participation (or the most important questions remain for him).

The objects of influence of these specialists are those areas of activity where complex and monotonous processes are present:

industry;
Agriculture;
energy;
transport;
trade;
the medicine.

The greatest attention is paid to technological and production processes, technical diagnostics, scientific research and production tests.

Detailed information about training

We examined what is being studied by those wishing to receive the described specialty, in general. And now let's detail their knowledge:

Collect, group and analyze the initial data necessary for the design of technical systems and their control modules.
Evaluate the significance, prospects and relevance of the objects that are being worked on.
Design hardware and software complexes of automated and automatic systems.
Monitor projects for compliance with standards and other regulatory documents.
Design models that show products at all stages of their life cycle.
Choose software and automated production tools that best suit a particular case. And also systems of tests, diagnostics, management and control supplementing them.
Develop requirements and rules for various products, their manufacturing process, quality, conditions of transportation and disposal after use.
Perform and be able to understand various design documentation.
Evaluate the level of defects in the created products, identify its causes, develop solutions that will prevent deviations from the norm.
Certify developments, technological processes, software and
Develop instructions for the use of products.
Improve automation tools and systems for the execution of certain processes.
Maintain process equipment.
Set up, adjust and regulate automation, diagnostics and control systems.
Improve the skills of employees who will work with new equipment.

What positions can you expect

We have examined how the specialty "automation of technological processes and production" differs. Work on it can be carried out in the following positions:

Apparatus-operator.
Circuit engineer.
Programmer-developer.
Systems Engineer.
Operator of semi-automatic lines.
Engineer of mechanization, automation and automation of production processes.
Computing system designer.
Instrumentation and automation engineer.
Materials scientist.
Electrical Technician.
Developer of an automated control system.

As you can see, there are quite a few options. Moreover, it should also be taken into account that in the process of studying, attention will be paid to a large number of programming languages. And this, accordingly, will provide ample opportunities in terms of employment after graduation. For example, a graduate can go to a car factory to work on an assembly line for cars, or to the field of electronics to create microcontrollers, processors and other important and useful elements.

Automation of technological processes and production is a complex specialty, implying a large amount of knowledge, so it will need to be approached with all responsibility. But as a reward, you should accept the fact that there are ample opportunities for creativity.

Who is this path best for?

Those who have been doing something similar since childhood are most likely to become successful in this field. For example, he went to a radio engineering circle, programmed on his computer, or tried to assemble his own 3D printer. If you haven't done any of this, then you don't need to worry. There are chances to become a good specialist, you just have to make a significant amount of effort.

What you need to pay attention to first

Physics and mathematics are the basis of the described specialty. The first science is necessary in order to understand the ongoing processes at the hardware level. Mathematics, on the other hand, allows you to develop solutions for complex problems and create models of non-linear behavior.

When getting acquainted with programming, many people, when they are just writing their “Hello, world!” Programs, it seems that knowledge of formulas and algorithms is not necessary. But this is an erroneous opinion, and the better a potential engineer understands mathematics, the greater heights he will be able to achieve in the development of a software component.

What if there is no vision for the future?

So, the training course has been completed, but there is no clear understanding of what needs to be done? Well, this indicates the presence of significant gaps in the education received. Automation of technological processes and productions is, as we have already said, a difficult specialty, and it is not necessary to hope that all the necessary knowledge will be given at the university. A lot of things are transferred to self-study both in a planned mode and implying that a person himself will become interested in the subjects studied and devote enough time to them.

Conclusion

So we have considered in general terms the specialty "automation of technological processes and productions". Reviews of specialists who have graduated from this area and are working here say that, despite the difficulty initially, you can claim a pretty good salary, starting from fifteen thousand rubles. And over time, having gained experience and skills, an ordinary specialist will be able to qualify for up to 40,000 rubles! And even this is not the upper limit, because for literally brilliant (read - those who have devoted a lot of time to self-improvement and development) people, it is also possible to receive significantly larger amounts.

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This mark is set August 1, 2014.

Process Automation- a set of methods and means designed to implement a system or systems that allow the management of the technological process itself without the direct participation of a person, or leaving the right to make the most responsible decisions to a person.

As a rule, as a result of automation of the technological process, an automated process control system is created.

The basis of automation of technological processes is the redistribution of material, energy and information flows in accordance with the accepted control criterion (optimality). The concept of the level (degree) of automation can serve as an evaluation characteristic.

Partial automation - automation of individual devices, machines, technological operations. It is performed when the management of processes due to their complexity or transience is practically inaccessible to a person. Partially automated as a rule operating equipment. Local automation is widely used in the food industry.

Integrated automation - provides for the automation of a technological site, workshop or enterprise functioning as a single, automated complex. For example, power plants.

Full automation is the highest level of automation, in which all control and production management functions (at the enterprise level) are transferred to technical means. At the present level of development, full automation is practically not used, since the control functions remain with the person. Nuclear power plants can be called close to full automation.

Automation Goals

The main goals of process automation are:

reduction in the number of service personnel;
increase in production volumes;
increasing the efficiency of the production process;
improving product quality;
reducing the cost of raw materials;
increasing the rhythm of production;
improving security;
increasing environmental friendliness;
increase in economy.

Automation tasks and their solution

The goals are achieved by solving the following tasks of process automation:

improving the quality of regulation;
increasing the availability of equipment;
improvement of labor ergonomics of process operators;
ensuring the reliability of information about the material components used in production (including through catalog management);
storage of information about the course of the technological process and emergency situations.

The solution of problems of automation of the technological process is carried out using:

introduction of modern means of automation.

Automation of technological processes within a single production process allows you to organize the basis for the implementation of production management systems and enterprise management systems.

Due to the difference in approaches, automation of the following technological processes is distinguished:

automation of continuous technological processes (Process Automation);
automation of discrete technological processes (Factory Automation);
automation of hybrid technological processes (Hybrid Automation).

Notes

Automation of production presupposes the availability of reliable, relatively simple in arrangement and control of machines, mechanisms and devices.

Literature

L. I. Selevtsov, Automation of technological processes. Textbook: Publishing Center "Academy"

V. Yu. Shishmarev, Automation. Textbook: Publishing Center "Academy"

The introduction of technical means to enterprises to automate production processes is a basic condition for effective work. A variety of modern automation methods expands the range of their application, while the costs of mechanization, as a rule, are justified by the end result in the form of an increase in the volume of manufactured products, as well as an increase in its quality.

Organizations that follow the path of technological progress lead the market, provide better working conditions and minimize the need for raw materials. For this reason, large enterprises can no longer be imagined without the implementation of mechanization projects - the exceptions apply only to small handicraft industries, where automation of production does not justify itself due to the fundamental choice in favor of manual production. But even in such cases, it is possible to partially switch on automation at some stages of production.

Automation Basics

In a broad sense, automation involves the creation of such conditions in production that will allow, without human intervention, to perform certain tasks for the manufacture and production of products. In this case, the role of the operator may be to solve the most critical tasks. Depending on the goals set, automation of technological processes and production can be complete, partial or complex. The choice of a specific model is determined by the complexity of the technical modernization of the enterprise due to automatic filling.

In plants and factories where full automation has been implemented, all the functionality to control production is usually transferred to mechanized and electronic control systems. This approach is most rational if the operating modes do not require changes. In a partial form, automation is introduced at individual stages of production or during the mechanization of an autonomous technical component, without requiring the creation of a complex infrastructure for managing the entire process. An integrated level of production automation is usually implemented in certain areas - it can be a department, workshop, line, etc. In this case, the operator controls the system itself without affecting the direct workflow.

Automated control systems

To begin with, it is important to note that such systems involve complete control over an enterprise, factory or plant. Their functions may apply to a specific piece of equipment, a conveyor, a workshop or a production site. In this case, process automation systems receive and process information from the serviced object and, based on this data, make a corrective action. For example, if the operation of the releasing complex does not meet the parameters of technological standards, the system will change its operating modes through special channels in accordance with the requirements.

Automation objects and their parameters

The main task in the implementation of production mechanization means is to maintain the quality parameters of the facility, which will also affect the product characteristics as a result. Today, experts try not to delve into the essence of the technical parameters of various objects, since, theoretically, the introduction of control systems is possible on any component of production. If we consider in this regard the basics of automation of technological processes, then the list of mechanization objects will include the same workshops, conveyors, all kinds of apparatus and installations. One can only compare the degree of complexity of introducing automation, which depends on the level and scale of the project.

Regarding the parameters with which automatic systems work, it is possible to distinguish input and output indicators. In the first case, these are the physical characteristics of the product, as well as the properties of the object itself. In the second, these are directly the quality indicators of the finished product.

Regulatory technical means

Devices that provide regulation are used in automation systems in the form of special signaling devices. Depending on the purpose, they can monitor and control various process parameters. In particular, the automation of technological processes and production may include signaling devices for temperature indicators, pressure, flow characteristics, etc. Technically, the devices can be implemented as scaleless devices with electrical contact elements at the output.

The principle of operation of the control signaling devices is also different. If we consider the most common temperature devices, we can distinguish manometric, mercury, bimetallic and thermistor models. Structural performance, as a rule, is determined by the principle of operation, but the working conditions also have a considerable influence on it. Depending on the direction of the enterprise, automation of technological processes and industries can be designed with the expectation of specific operating conditions. For this reason, control devices are also developed with a focus on use in conditions of high humidity, physical pressure or the action of chemicals.

Programmable Automation Systems

The quality of management and control of production processes has improved markedly against the background of the active supply of enterprises with computing devices and microprocessors. From the point of view of industrial needs, the possibilities of programmable technical means allow not only to ensure effective control of technological processes, but also to automate design, as well as to conduct production tests and experiments.

Computer devices, which are used in modern enterprises, solve the problems of regulation and control of technological processes in real time. Such production automation tools are called computer systems and operate on the principle of aggregation. The systems include unified functional blocks and modules, from which it is possible to make various configurations and adapt the complex to work in certain conditions.

Units and mechanisms in automation systems

The direct execution of work operations is carried out by electric, hydraulic and pneumatic devices. According to the principle of operation, the classification involves functional and portioned mechanisms. In the food industry, such technologies are usually implemented. Automation of production in this case involves the introduction of electrical and pneumatic mechanisms, the design of which may include electric drives and regulatory bodies.

Electric motors in automation systems

The basis of actuators is often formed by electric motors. According to the type of control, they can be presented in non-contact and contact versions. Units that are controlled by relay-contact devices, when manipulated by the operator, can change the direction of movement of the working bodies, but the speed of operations remains unchanged. If automation and mechanization of technological processes with the use of non-contact devices is supposed, then semiconductor amplifiers are used - electric or magnetic.

Boards and control panels

To install equipment that should provide management and control of the production process at enterprises, special panels and shields are mounted. They place devices for automatic control and regulation, control and measuring equipment, protective mechanisms, as well as various elements of the communication infrastructure. By design, such a shield can be a metal cabinet or a flat panel on which automation equipment is installed.

The console, in turn, is the center for remote control - this is a kind of dispatcher or operator zone. It is important to note that the automation of technological processes and production should also provide access to maintenance from the staff. It is this function that is largely determined by panels and panels that allow you to make calculations, evaluate production indicators and, in general, monitor the work process.

Design of automation systems

The main document that acts as a guide for the technological modernization of production for the purpose of automation is the scheme. It displays the structure, parameters and characteristics of devices that will later act as means of automatic mechanization. In the standard version, the diagram displays the following data:

the level (scale) of automation at a particular enterprise;
determination of the operation parameters of the object, which should be provided with means of control and regulation;
control characteristics - full, remote, operator;
the possibility of blocking actuators and units;
configuration of the location of technical means, including on consoles and boards.

Auxiliary Automation Tools

Despite their secondary role, additional devices provide important monitoring and control functions. Thanks to them, the very connection between the executive devices and the person is provided. In terms of equipment with auxiliary devices, automation of production can include push-button stations, control relays, various switches and command consoles. There are many designs and varieties of these devices, but all of them are focused on ergonomic and safe control of key units at the facility.