Poem F.I. Tyutchev "These poor villages ..." is one of the few works of the poet where philosophical motives give way to social issues. The poet, being an official at the Russian diplomatic mission in Munich, lived abroad for more than twenty years. He inevitably suggested a comparison of the satisfying and comfortable atmosphere of German life and the half-starved, unsettled life of the Russian people. F.I. Tyutchev, like any humanist writer, was an opponent of serfdom. In it, he saw the cause of poverty and inferiority of the Russian people. Arriving at home, he looked with pain at the rickety huts and mismanagement, incompatible with deep spirituality: “These poor villages, This meager nature - The land of the native long-suffering, The land of the Russian people!” Anaphoric repetitions reinforce the mood of hopelessness. The exclamatory intonation of the first stanza is intended to draw the reader's attention to a problem that has become the author's deep spiritual anguish. F.I. Tyutchev is trying to explain with what contempt and arrogance a foreigner will look at all this poverty: “The proud gaze of a foreigner will not understand and not notice, What shines through and secretly shines In your humble nakedness.” However, the poet himself is aware of the depth and subtlety of the Russian soul, which was brought up by Orthodox culture. He believes in a happy future for Russia, which is why the patriotic lines sound so piercing in the final stanza: “Dejected by the burden of the godmother, All of you, dear land, In a slavish form, the king of heaven Came out, blessing.” The final chord of the work, thus, once again emphasizes the contrast between the slavish appearance and the highest spiritual beauty and nobility. Kindness, patience and humility - these are the values ​​that the poet cherishes so much in the character of a Russian person. It is them that he blesses with the name of the king of heaven and endows with a secret light.

Light is a stable symbol in the poetics of F.I. Tyutchev. Light is invariably associated with the highest earthly value. The desecrated homeland with its dim beauty is still illuminated by a secret light, only it is loved and desired by the poet. However, one should not confuse the liberal mood of F.I. Tyutchev with revolutionary spirit. It is known, for example, that he condemned the Decembrist uprising. But what exactly cannot be blamed on a talented poet and thinker is the lack of patriotism. It is no coincidence that throughout the poem the alliterations “r” and “s” intertwine and replace each other, as if dissolving the words “Rus”, “Russia” in themselves.

Thus, in the poem "These poor villages ..." there are three main motifs: the image of suffering Russia, mired in poverty and slavery, the opposition of the homeland and the foreign side (as more prosperous, but still alien) and religious symbolism, represented by definitions ( "godfather", "heavenly", "humble"), and most importantly - the image of the king of heaven, who becomes an invisible witness of people's torment and suffering in the work, the only one left to rely on in the current situation.

Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev (1803-1873) - a famous Russian poet who came from a poor noble family. From his youth, he lived abroad, where he left as part of a diplomatic mission. Tyutchev lived in Europe for many years, only occasionally visiting Russia. The poet perceived each visit to his homeland as a holiday. He loved Russia very much. Realizing that in terms of culture the countries of Europe, Germany and France, were higher than Russia, he still believed that Russia was famous for its people. After all, it is the Russian people that have features that are characteristic of it like no other people: responsiveness, kindness, a broad soul, patience, humility, philanthropy and purposefulness.

An analysis of "These Poor Villages" by Tyutchev shows the dignity with which the peasants carried their cross. This delighted the poet. None of the most eminent European aristocrats has this quality.

Spirituality is the strength of the Russian people

Upon returning to his homeland, the poet writes a poem in which he explains to the reader how closer and better poor, hungry Russia is for him, compared to well-fed and spoiled Europe. At the same time, Tyutchev does not try to smooth over Russia's problems, noting that it is very far from perfect. Serfdom, a huge gap between the social strata of the population, hunger, devastation, poverty. But it doesn't matter to him, because he calls it a great power. Spirituality is what Russia is strong and can be proud of. According to Tyutchev, Russia is chosen by God and blessed.

In the poem, the poet speaks of the greatness of Russia, despite the poverty of the people, the slave labor of people.

Patriotism of the poet

Tyutchev's poem "These poor villages ..." was written during a trip from Moscow to the Ovstug family estate. This poem is a synthesis of narrative and descriptive lyrics. In it, the poet tells the reader about his thoughts, feelings and impressions of what he saw around him. In his lines one can hear a call to see the surrounding reality. In the poem, Tyutchev in a generalized form shows the image of Russian life and life, depicts a poetic picture of the life of the people. An analysis of "These Poor Villages" by Tyutchev demonstrates that the poet sympathizes with people who live in poor villages. He hopes that the Almighty will not leave the blessed land and the people living on it. He admires the moral qualities of the Russian people.

Social problems of the poem

In the verse "These poor villages ..." social problems come to the fore instead of the usual philosophical motives. Tyutchev compared the comfortable and well-fed life of the Europeans and the poverty of the Russian people, knowing full well that the reason for this is the main problem of Russia - serfdom. Contrasting "own" and "foreign".

"These poor villages, this meager nature" - poverty, inferiority and mismanagement, which the poet saw around him, are completely incompatible with the spirituality of the people. The repetition of the lines of the poem only reinforces the feeling of hopelessness. After reviewing Tyutchev’s analysis of “These Poor Villages”, you will find out that the poet says that arrogant Europeans do not know what wealth and beauty of the Russian soul, what spirituality is hidden behind slave poverty and disorder of life. To an outsider's eye, Russia is seen as a miserable, backward and wild country in which the people humbly accept oppression and a difficult fate. However, the poet knows that the Russian people can cope with any life difficulties.

Light in Tyutchev's poetry

An analysis of "These poor villages" by Tyutchev shows that the symbol in F. Tyutchev's poetry is light, which the author associates with spiritual beauty - the highest earthly value. Light is a deep religiosity, patriarchy, faith, which is characteristic of the Russian people.

The beauty of the poet's native land is not bright. But she is dearly loved by the poet. Tyutchev is deeply patriotic, he is admired by the Russian people. Throughout the poem, he often reverently uses the words "Russia", "Rus".

In Tyutchev's poem "These poor villages ..." you can see three directions. The first is the image of suffering Russia, which was swallowed up by poverty and slavery. The second is the opposition of the native country and European countries. A foreigner who does not know Russian reality is unable to understand the Russian people. And, finally, the third - religious symbolism through the image of the King of Heaven, who becomes a witness to people's suffering and patience, and on whom the only thing left to hope for is the oppressed and destitute Russian people.

These poor villages
This meager nature
The land of native long-suffering,
The land of the Russian people!

They don't understand and they don't notice
The proud gaze of a foreigner,
What shines through and secretly shines
In your humble nakedness.

Dejected by the burden of the godmother,
All of you, dear land,
In the form of a slave, the king of heaven
Went out blessing.

Analysis of the poem "These poor villages" by Tyutchev

Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev is a famous Russian writer and lyricist, deservedly recognized as a classic. His poetry is distinguished by the unity of themes and images, and some call his poems "fragments", as if they are parts of one big whole - all of Tyutchev's poetry.

The poem "These poor villages" refers to political lyrics. It was written on August 13, 1855 and reflects the poet's view of the state of the country. At the time of writing the work, serfdom in Russia had not yet been abolished, which affected creativity. Tyutchev in a veiled form speaks of the humble tolerance of the Russian people and the inability to resist the authorities. The Russian people are poor and not free, and the country is exhausted.

Despite the political theme of the poem, Tyutchev uses Christian motives and the image of Christ, calling him "the king of heaven." He says by this that Russia has its own unique path, and the Russian people are illuminated by a "secret" light, which is a deep religious feeling, faith, patriarchy, which is characteristic of Russian people. One of the main thoughts of Tyutchev in this work is that the Russian people, meek and humble by nature, are saved by their patience, their hope and faith in the light.

The poem is written in four-foot trochaic, and the rhyme here is cross and mostly feminine. The whole work is built on allegory (“in a slave form, the king of heaven”). As expressive means, metaphors, epithets (“the edge of long-suffering”, “humble nakedness”, “foreign gaze”) and paraphrases (“the burden of the cross”, “king of heaven”) are used, and the opposition of “native” and “foreign” is also clearly visible. .

From the first lines, the poet calls to see the reality surrounding people. Villages in the eyes of the lyrical hero, which reflects the view of Tyutchev himself, are “poor”, nature is “poor”. However, the exclamation “The land of the Russian people!” clearly makes it clear that the hero loves his country and his people and even admires them. In the second stanza, the author veiledly compares the "humble nakedness" of our country with the "proud gaze of a foreigner."

The lyrical work of Fyodor Tyutchev "These poor villages" reveals the poet from an unexpected side. Here we see the classic not as a researcher of the inner world of a person, the world of feelings, but as a humanist artist who studies and draws various aspects of human life, and this poem clearly reflects the oppressive feeling of injustice.

Written in 1855, the poem is an expression of the poet's view of the state of Russia. This work is political poetry.

Tyutchev was interested in politics throughout his life, but there was no freedom of speech as such at that time, and therefore he was forced to frame his thoughts in veiled lines of poems.

The main theme of the work

The main idea of ​​"Poor Villages" is the condemnation of the domestic policy of the tsar and serfdom, which existed on the territory of our country for quite a long time. The lines "the land of the native long-suffering" are about this.

Tyutchev writes about the lack of freedom of a Russian person and indirectly points to his inability to resist the authorities.

The lines "poor villages" and "poor nature" are an indication of the poverty and humiliation of the people, as well as the general exhaustion of the country.

And although the lyrical hero experiences heartache, seeing the true state of things, he still remains proud of his homeland, as evidenced by the line with the exclamation: "The land of the Russian people!".

The fate of the Russians appears in the lines of the poem not only as an unfair burden, but also as something sacred. Tyutchev exalts the people and sings of their humility, indirectly mentioning Christian values ​​​​in the poem. The "proud gaze" of foreigners is opposed to the calmness and meekness of the Russian inhabitants.

In this context, the author mentions that the Russian people are under the patronage of Jesus Christ - the "king of heaven", who blesses our lands. At the same time, in the poem, the image of Christ and the image of the Russian people seem to draw closer and become one. This is evident from the expressions "in the form of a slave" and "dejected by the burden."

The symbolism of the poem and the means used

Size: four-foot trochee. The type of rhyme in the poem is cross.

You should also pay attention to the abundance and alternation of the sounds "s" and "r". The first is muffled, and the second is voiced. This sets the rhythm and reflects the general direction: humility and slavish obedience are opposed to blessing and pride in one's homeland.

Expressive means:

• Allegory (king of heaven);
• Metaphors (foreign gaze, the edge of long-suffering);
• Epithets (humble, meager, poor).

Main characters:

1. Christ

The work is not just filled with Christian motives.

First and foremost, Christ is the expression of the Hero archetype. Bringing together Christ and ordinary people in his lines, the author tacitly declares the heroism of the Russian people.

In Tyutchev's poetics, light is usually interpreted as an expression of something higher and a sign of blessing.

In addition, in a broad sense, light is a symbol of renewal and hope.

Author's message

This poem is a kind of message to the Russian people, as well as the author's "spiritual cry" about the injustice and imperfection of those political and economic realities during which he lived.

Tyutchev analyzes the main problems inherent in our mentality and sums up a little. The Russian people are by nature a humble martyr who is saved by patience and faith.

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