Who controls illegal construction in the water protection zone. Guidelines for the design of water protection zones of water bodies and their coastal protective strips

MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

METHODOLOGICAL INSTRUCTIONS
ON DESIGN OF WATER PROTECTION ZONES OF WATER
OBJECTS AND THEIR COASTAL PROTECTIVE STRIPS

Moscow 1998

These guidelines for the design of water protection zones of water bodies and their coastal protective strips were developed by the VodNIIinformproekt Institute on the basis of the Water Code Russian Federation, "Regulations on the water protection zones of water bodies and their coastal protective belts", approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 23, 1996 No. 1404 and the order of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation of January 15, 1997 No. 7.

The purpose of the guidelines is to provide a unified methodological approach to the design of water protection zones, the implementation of a complex of water management, agrotechnical and environmental protection measures on their territory. Guidelines designed to organize those involved in the design of water protection zones of water bodies and their coastal protective strips and the development of environmental measures, as well as territorial bodies of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation.

Guidelines for the design of water protection zones of water bodies and their coastal protective strips were approved by order of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation dated August 21, 1998 No. 198.

FOREWORD

1. DESIGNED- JSC "VodNIIinformproekt"

2. INTRODUCED- Department of Water Resources of the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia

3. AGREED- Goscomecology of Russia, Ministry of Agriculture and Food of Russia, Goskomzem of Russia, Ministry of Health of Russia

4. APPROVED AND INTRODUCED- Order of the Minister of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation dated August 21, 1998 No. 198.

5. INTRODUCED INSTEAD OF- Guidelines for the design of water protection zones and coastal strips of rivers, lakes and reservoirs in the RSFSR, approved on January 23, 1990 by the Ministry of Water Resources of the RSFSR, the State Agrarian Industry of the RSFSR and the State Agroprom of the Non-Chernozem Zone of the RSFSR.

INTRODUCTION

In the Russian Federation, there are more than 2.4 million streams up to 10 kilometers long with a total length of about 4.83 million kilometers, 127,604 small rivers (from 10 to 200 km long) with a length of 3.0 million kilometers, 855 medium rivers (from 200 to 500 km) with a length of 0.256 million kilometers and 210 large rivers (more than 500 km long) with a total length of 0.189 million kilometers.

In addition, there are 2.28 million lakes and 29.3 thousand reservoirs in Russia, including those with a capacity of 1 to 10 million cubic meters. m - 1937 and with a capacity of more than 10 million cubic meters - 363 reservoirs.

Unsystematic deforestation, plowing of floodplains led to siltation of water bodies, deterioration of their sanitary condition and hydrological regime.

The establishment of water protection zones of water bodies and their coastal protective strips, the implementation of inexpensive environmental measures and the establishment of a special regime of economic and other activities on the territory of water protection zones and coastal protective strips is one of the primary tasks for the protection and restoration of surface water bodies, improving their hydrological regime and sanitary conditions. states.

Works on the design of water protection zones and fixing on the ground the boundaries of coastal protective strips in the territories adjacent to water bodies, the implementation of a set of environmental measures should be carried out in accordance with the "Regulations on the water protection zones of water bodies and their coastal protective strips", approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated November 23, 1996 No. 1404 and these guidelines.

The specified resolution takes into account the provisions on zones sanitary protection sources of water supply, forbidden forest strips along the banks of water bodies, as well as forests of other categories of protection, approved by the Government of the Russian Federation.

The length of the main river;

Number and length of tributaries;

The nature of runoff formation;

Description of costs and levels;

Availability of dams, ponds, reservoirs and other hydraulic structures;

1.2. By seas:

Geographical and administrative location of the sea coast;

Shore type;

Characteristics of the coastal zone (zone of modern constant interaction between land and sea, coast and underwater coastal slope);

Characteristics of wave and wind currents, surge phenomena;

1.3. By lakes:

Mirror area in low-water and flood periods;

Characteristics of the level regime;

Catchment area;

Economic use of lakes, incl. the presence of water intakes and spillways, the volume of water withdrawn by water consumers;

Coastal change dynamics (abrasion, landslide and suffusion processes, accumulation);

Area and intensity of overgrowth;

Sanitary protection zones, sources of centralized drinking water supply, availability of spawning grounds, feeding and wintering pits for fish;

Characteristics of the use of the lake for recreation purposes.

1.4. For reservoirs:

Geographic and administrative location;

The economic purpose of the reservoir, incl. the presence of water intakes and spillways, the volume of water withdrawn by water consumers;

Characteristics of the retaining structure and its affiliation;

Catchment area;

Water area at normal retaining level, forced level and dead volume level;

Total and useful volume of the reservoir;

Presence of shallow waters and their area;

Characteristics of aquatic flora and fauna, incl. shallow water biocenoses;

Area and intensity of overgrowth and eutrophication;

The presence of spawning grounds, feeding and wintering pits of fish;

Dynamics of coast changes (abrasive, landslide, suffusion processes, accumulation);

Qualitative characteristics of waters by chemical composition;

Zones of sanitary protection of the source of centralized drinking water supply;

Recreational use.

1.5. For swamps:

Geographic and administrative location;

Type of swamp: upland, lowland, transitional; source; water supply;

The area of the swamp at the zero mark of the peat deposit;

Economic use of the swamp.

1.6. By springs (groups of springs):

Geographical and administrative location of the spring(s);

The nature of the source (ascending, descending), debit;

Qualitative characteristics of waters by chemical composition;

Use as a source of drinking water supply;

Availability of sanitary protection zones;

Economic use.

1.7. Through main and inter-farm channels:

Geographic and administrative location;

length;

Source of power;

Economic purpose;

The presence of dams, sluice-regulators, pumping stations and other pyrotechnic structures;

Availability of water intakes, zones of sanitary protection at pumping stations centralized drinking water supply.

2. MATERIALS ON THE SURVEY OF THE TERRITORY ADJACENT TO A WATER BODY

When preparing the initial data for designing the water protection zone of a water body and its coastal protective strip, it is necessary to ensure the collection the following materials on the territory adjacent to the water body and its economic use.

2.1. By landscape characteristics:

Geological structure (genesis, mechanical and mineralogical composition of the rocks underlying the soil);

Relief (floodplains, terraces, adjacent slopes and other landforms);

Soils, soils;

Flora and fauna;

Climatic features and microclimate.

2.2. The main relief-forming processes, incl. planar and linear erosion:

Characteristics of ravines and gullies (length, width, depth, density) and dynamics of their development;

Forest cover and overgrowth of slopes of ravines and gullies;

Intensity of soil flushing from areas adjacent to water bodies.

2.3. Characteristics, land use, plowing of the territory for each land user (Appendices A and B).

2.4. Identification and characterization of existing and potential sources of concentrated and diffuse pollution (Appendix B).

2.5. Assessment of the impact of pollutants washed off from adjacent territories on the quality of waters and the biota of reservoirs used for fisheries.

Detailed data on the results of the survey of water bodies and adjacent territories are given in explanatory note to the project. Summary data on the results of the survey of the territory adjacent to the water body are given in Annexes A, B and C.

3. DESIGN METHOD

3.1. By water protection zone

A water protection zone is a territory adjacent to the waters of rivers, lakes and other surface water bodies, where a special regime of economic and other types of activity is established in order to prevent pollution, clogging, silting and depletion of water bodies, as well as to preserve the habitat of flora and fauna objects. .

Compliance with the special regime on the territory of water protection zones is integral part a set of environmental protection measures to improve the hydrological, hydrochemical, hydrobiological, sanitary and ecological state of water bodies and the improvement of their coastal areas.

3.1.1. The size and boundaries of water protection zones, as well as the mode of their use, are established by the project based on the results of a survey of water bodies and adjacent territories, physiographic, soil, hydrological and other conditions, taking into account the forecast of changes in the coastline of water bodies, as well as taking into account the adopted standards specified in p.p. 3.1.2 - 3.1.9.

The project should provide for the establishment and drawing on planning and topographic materials of the boundaries of water protection zones, the preparation of an explication of lands (Appendices A and B) and a list of economic and other objects located on this territory with a description of their impact on water bodies (Appendix C), the development of recommendations for economic use of land, household, recreational and other facilities, preparation of estimates for the implementation of design solutions based on aggregated indicators (Appendix D).

3.1.2. The width of water protection zones and coastal protective strips is established:

For rivers, oxbow lakes and lakes - from the average annual water cut in summer;

For reservoirs - from the water's edge at a normal retaining level;

For the seas - from the maximum tide level;

For swamps - from their border (zero depth of the peat deposit);

For swamps in the sources of rivers, as well as other swamps that form a runoff in the catchment area, water protection zones are established in the territories adjacent to them.

3.1.3. The minimum width of the water protection zones of rivers is set depending on their length with a gradual increase in the width of the zone from the source to the mouth.

On the plots:

up to 10 km - 50 m,

from 10 to 50 km - 100 m,

from 50 to 100 km - 200 m,

from 100 to 200 km - 300 m,

from 200 to 500 km - 400 m,

from 500 km and more - 500 m.

3.1.4. For the sources of rivers and springs, the minimum width of the water protection zone is set at least 50 m.

3.1.5. Minimum width of water protection zones:

for lakes and reservoirs, it is accepted when the water area is up to 2 sq. km - 300 m, from 2 sq. km and more - 500 m;

for swamps up to 2 sq. km - 300 m, more than 2 sq. km - 500 m.

for the seas - 500 m.

3.1.6. The minimum width of the water protection zones of water bodies for which forbidden forest strips have been established to protect the spawning grounds of valuable commercial fish species is taken equal to the width of these strips, but not less than the parameters specified in p.p. 3.1.3 - 3.1.5.

3.1.7. The boundaries of water protection zones of inter-regional, main inter-farm canals are established along the border of land allotment for these canals, including technological roads, driveways and protective forest plantations.

3.1.8. The size and boundaries of water protection zones in the territory of cities and other settlements are established based on the specific conditions of planning and development in accordance with the approved master plans.

3.1.9. For sections of rivers enclosed in closed collectors, water protection zones are not established.

3.1.10. When designing water protection zones of water bodies, the following conditions must be observed.

WITHIN WATER PROTECTION ZONES IT IS PROHIBITED:

Carrying out aviation-chemical works;

Application chemicals control of pests, plant diseases and weeds;

Use of manure for soil fertilization;

Placement of warehouses of pesticides, mineral fertilizers and fuels and lubricants, sites for refueling equipment with pesticides, livestock complexes and farms, places for storage and burial of industrial, domestic and agricultural waste, cemeteries and animal burial grounds, drives Wastewater;

Storage of manure and garbage;

Refueling, washing and repair of cars, tractors and other machines and mechanisms;

Placement of summer cottages and garden plots with a width of water protection zones of less than 100 m and a slope steepness of adjacent territories of more than 3 degrees;

Location of parking Vehicle, including in the territories of summer cottages and garden plots;

Carrying out fellings of the main use;

Carrying out construction and reconstruction of buildings, structures, communications and other facilities, as well as mining, earthmoving and other works without the consent of the basin and other territorial authorities for the use and protection of the water fund of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation.

If water protection zones and sanitary protection zones coincide, one should also be guided by the requirements Sanitary standards and the rules of the "Zone of sanitary protection of water supply sources and water supply systems for domestic and drinking water supply" SanPiN 2.1.4.027-95.

3.1.11. Household, dacha and horticultural plots located within the water protection zones must comply with the rules for their use, excluding pollution, clogging and depletion of water bodies.

3.2. Along the coastal protection zone

A coastal protective strip is a part of a water protection zone, the territory of which is directly adjacent to a water body.

3.2.1. Within coastal protective strips, in addition to the restrictions specified in clause 3.1.10. IT IS FORBIDDEN:

Systematic plowing of lands;

Application of fertilizers;

Storage of dumps of eroded soils;

Grazing and organization summer camps livestock (except for the use of traditional watering places) arrangement of bathing baths;

Installation and arrangement of seasonal stationary tent camps;

Placement of country and garden plots;

Allocation of plots for individual housing or country and other construction;

Laying driveways and roads (except for runs to traditional places of cattle watering);

The movement of cars, tractors and mechanisms, except for special-purpose equipment.

Coastal protective strips, as a rule, should be occupied by forest and shrub vegetation or tinned.

3.2.3. The minimum width of the coastal protective strips of water bodies is established depending on the topographic conditions and types of land in the following sizes:

The width of coastal protective strips for areas of water bodies of especially valuable fishery importance (spawning grounds, wintering pits, feeding areas) is set at least 100 meters, regardless of the slope and nature of the adjacent lands.

For seas and mountain rivers, the width of coastal protective strips is determined in each specific case, taking into account the procedure established for water protection zones and coastal protective strips.

In cities and other settlements, if available storm sewer and the embankment, the border of the coastal protective strips is allowed to be combined with the parapet of the embankment.

3.2.4. The fixing on the ground with water protection signs of the established sample of the boundaries of coastal protective strips, determined by the projects of water protection zones of water bodies (with the exception of reservoirs granted for special use), is carried out by basin and other territorial bodies for managing the use and protection of the water fund of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation, and for reservoirs provided for special use - by water users.

3.2.5. The establishment of water protection zones and coastal protective strips does not entail the withdrawal of land plots from owners, landowners, land users or a ban on transactions with land plots, except as otherwise provided by law.

3.2.6. When developing projects for establishing water protection zones of water bodies and their coastal protective strips, it is recommended to take into account the following provisions:

At the source of rivers from a group of springs, the dimensions of the water protection zone and the coastal protective strip are established according to the spring that is the most distant from the place where the watercourse was formed;

For reservoirs - sources of drinking water supply - the width of the water protection zone in the places of water intake is established in accordance with the zones of sanitary protection, but not less than 1000 m;

On the territory of cities and settlements that do not have a general development plan, the size of water protection zones and their coastal protective strips are established based on specific conditions, taking into account the prevention of a negative impact of development on the ecological and sanitary condition of water bodies;

An increase in the width of the water management zone is possible due to the inclusion of lands unsuitable for agricultural use (sands, landslides, eroded lands, swamps, ravines, etc.);

The boundaries of water protection zones should be combined with natural and artificial boundaries or obstacles intercepting surface runoff from overlying adjacent territories (edges of river valleys, road transport network, upland canals, reclamation network).

At the same time, the width of the water protection zone must not be less than that specified in clause 3.1.2.

The prohibition on the placement of parking lots of vehicles refers to the organization of collective parking of personal and state vehicles, without prohibiting the parking of single cars for personal use.

3.3. According to cartographic materials

The boundaries of water protection zones and coastal protective strips are reflected in cartographic materials.

The project includes an overview map of the drainage basin on a scale of 1:500,000 to 1:50,000; land use plans (for each land user) on the scale of land management (1:25000 or 1:10000), for gardening and dacha and personal subsidiary plots on a scale of 1:5000 - 1:1000 with drawing the boundaries of the water protection zone solid line of blue color, a coastal protective strip with a solid red line indicating the places for installing signs. On the planning and topographic materials of land management, the location of agricultural crops, economic and other objects located on the territory of water protection zones and coastal protective strips is indicated. Objects subject to removal or liquidation are marked with a red cross. The places where it is recommended to move this or that object are indicated. The places and contours of lands for afforestation and grassing are also indicated with the application of the established symbols:

The width of the coastal protective strips of the same water body varies depending on the slope and land on the site and is shown on the cartographic materials as a smooth line;

On land use plans, the number of the sign (in the numerator) and the distance from (the water's edge) water body (in the denominator) are indicated, for rivers - counting from the mouth;

The installation of water protection signs should be provided in characteristic places: possible places of access to a reservoir, car washes, cattle grazing, tent camps, etc.;

In poorly populated areas occupied by forest and bushy areas, water protection zones are not established.

3.4. To improve the ecological and sanitary condition and hydrological regime of water bodies

When designing water protection zones and coastal protective strips and developing a set of water management and environmental measures to improve the ecological and sanitary condition and hydrological regime of water bodies, the following should be taken into account:

Purpose and specifics of the use of the water body and its water resources;

Possible anthropogenic impacts on water bodies in connection with the development and intensification Agriculture or other activities in the watershed;

The intake of pollutants (especially those exceeding the self-cleaning capacity of the water body);

Existing violations of the regime of economic and other activities in water protection zones and coastal protective strips.

In each specific case, the issues of protecting a water body from pollution and clogging are resolved based on the results of a survey of the territories adjacent to the water body and objects located on it.

Particular attention in the design studies should be given to activities in the coastal protective zone. In this case, it may be recommended:

Holding agrotechnical measures to combat soil and soil erosion and to retain solid runoff containing pollutants;

Carrying out measures to prevent the ingress of concentrated and diffuse pollution from the catchment area into water bodies;

Grassing of the coastal water protection strip with perennial grasses;

Carrying out agroforestry with planting shrubs and trees, depending on climatic, topographical and soil conditions. Forest belts should be located along the outer border of the coastal protective strip, taking into account further expansion. It is recommended to make a forest belt at least 30 m wide;

Removal from the territory of coastal protective belts of summer camps for livestock, farms, manure storage facilities and other objects that pollute water bodies (garages, fuel and lubricants warehouses, workshops, etc.).

For all activities envisaged by the project, estimates are prepared according to consolidated cost indicators in current prices with the definition of funding sources.

The appendix to the summary estimate indicates the share participation of the land user in financing for the implementation of the activities provided for by the project.

At the same time, it is taken into account that the installation of water protection signs on water bodies, with the exception of reservoirs transferred for special use, is entrusted to the basin and territorial bodies of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation, and on reservoirs transferred to special use, to water users.

3.5. On the use of land in water protection zones and coastal protective strips

Within the boundaries of water protection zones, it is not necessary to grow vegetables and tilled crops that require the introduction of large quantities nitrogen fertilizers and pesticide applications;

When planning crop rotations, lands in water protection zones should be saturated with grain and fodder crops that do not require intensive chemical treatment;

On the slopes, plowing the land across the slope;

Carry out snow removal activities;

Composting organic fertilizers produce in compliance with the rules excluding their flushing into water bodies;

Exclude the application of mineral and organic fertilizers on snow or on frozen ground;

Ensure uniform distribution of fertilizers across the field in compliance with allowable loads application per unit area, while (in the case of flushing) the content harmful substances in the water of water bodies used for fisheries should not exceed the established maximum permissible concentrations.

Apply fertilizers to the soil in a timely manner;

On the territory of water protection zones, fertilization should be carried out using ground equipment;

On the territory of the coastal protective strip, soil disking and overseeding perennial herbs, to create hayfields using special equipment, can be done once every three years.

Primary (one-time) plowing for mechanized planting of forests and shrubs is also allowed.

Plots of land within the coastal protective strips are provided only for the placement of water supply, recreation, fishing and hunting facilities, water intake, port and hydraulic structures in the presence of a water use license, which establishes requirements for compliance with the water protection regime.

4. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE AGREEMENT AND APPROVAL OF PROJECTS OF WATER PROTECTION ZONES AND THEIR COASTAL PROTECTIVE BELTS

4.1. The functions of the customer for the design of water protection zones and coastal protective zones of water bodies, with the exception of reservoirs granted for special use, are assigned to basin and other territorial authorities for the use and protection of the water fund of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation. For reservoirs granted for special use, these functions are assigned to water users.

4.2. Projects of water protection zones and coastal protective strips are coordinated by the project developer with land users, local authorities executive power, territorial bodies of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation, fish protection bodies of the Ministry of Agriculture and Food of the Russian Federation, State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Ministry of the Russian Federation for Land Policy, Construction and Housing and Communal Services, State Committee Russian Federation for the protection environment and, after receiving a positive conclusion from the state ecological expertise, they are submitted to the administration of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation for approval.

5. ORGANIZATION OF CONTROL OVER THE ESTABLISHMENT OF WATER PROTECTION ZONES AND COASTAL PROTECTIVE STRIPS OF WATER BODIES

According to the Regulations on the water protection zones of water bodies and their coastal protective strips, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated November 23, 1996 No. 1404, maintaining the water protection zones of coastal protective strips and water protection signs in proper condition, as well as observing the established regime for their economic use, is the responsibility of water users or land users whose lands are adjacent to water bodies. State control observance of the procedure for establishing the size and boundaries, as well as the regime of economic and other activities within the water protection zones and coastal protective strips and the implementation of water protection measures provided for by the project, is entrusted to the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, basin and other territorial authorities for managing the use and protection of water Fund of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation, other specially authorized government bodies in the field of environmental protection, government authorities and land protection and special authorized bodies management of forestry within their powers. Persons guilty of violating the regime for the use of the territory of water protection zones and coastal protective strips and the regime for managing within them shall be liable in accordance with the current legislation.

APPENDIX A

EXPLICATION

In a non-urban area

________________________________________________________________________

Name of the administrative region	Areas occupied in the water protection zone					Of which in the coastal protective zone
	Total	including by types of land				Total	including by types of land
	Total	arable land	meadows and hayfields	forest, bush	other types of land	Total	arable land	meadows and hayfields	forest, bush	other types of land

Note: the numerator indicates the area of land for the year of the project, the denominator - the area of land, taking into account the implementation of water protection measures provided for by the project.

APPENDIX B

EXPLICATION
lands in the water protection zone and coastal protective strip

In an urban area

(name of the water body)

_______________________________________________________________________

(name of the subject of the Russian Federation)

Name of the administrative region, land user	Territory occupied in the water protection zone	including in the coastal protection zone
Name of the administrative region, land user	Total	Total	including under a building

APPENDIX B

SCROLL
and a brief description of objects located in the water protection zone and the coastal protective strip

In the territory

(name of the water body)

_________________________________________________________________________

(name of the subject of the Russian Federation)

Note: an object marked with an asterisk (*) is located wholly or partly in a coastal protection zone

APPENDIX D

ENVIRONMENTAL MEASURES
in the water protection zone and coastal protective strip

Provided by the project

(name of the water body)

in the territory ___________________________________________________________

(name of the subject of the Russian Federation)

Name of the administrative region and land user	Object name	Activities provided by the project	Deadlines for the implementation of the activities provided for by the project	Cost of events, thousand rubles	Client and sponsor. Source of financing

Preface. one

1. The composition of the initial data on the water body. 2

2. Materials on the survey of the territory adjacent to the water body. 3

3. Design methodology. 4

3.1. For the water protection zone. 4

3.2. Along the coastal protective strip. 6

3.3. Based on cartographic materials.. 7

3.4. To improve the ecological and sanitary condition and hydrological regime of water bodies. eight

3.5. On the use of land in water protection zones and coastal protective strips. nine

5. Organization of control over the establishment of water protection zones and coastal protective zones of water bodies. ten

Appendix a.. 10

Application b. ten

Application in.. 11

Annex d. 11

1. Water protection zones are territories that are adjacent to the coastline (boundaries of a water body) of seas, rivers, streams, canals, lakes, reservoirs and on which a special regime for economic and other activities is established in order to prevent pollution, clogging, siltation of these water bodies and depletion of their waters, as well as the preservation of the habitat of aquatic biological resources and other objects of the animal and plant world.

2. Within the boundaries of water protection zones, coastal protective strips are established, on the territories of which additional restrictions economic and other activities.

3. Outside the territories of cities and other settlements the width of the water protection zone of rivers, streams, canals, lakes, reservoirs and the width of their coastal protective strip are established from the location of the corresponding coastline (boundary of the water body), and the width of the water protection zone of the seas and the width of their coastal protective strip - from the maximum tide line. In the presence of centralized stormwater drainage systems and embankments, the boundaries of the coastal protective strips of these water bodies coincide with the parapets of the embankments, the width of the water protection zone in such areas is set from the parapet of the embankment.

4. The width of the water protection zone of rivers or streams is established from their source for rivers or streams with a length of:

1) up to ten kilometers - in the amount of fifty meters;

2) from ten to fifty kilometers - in the amount of one hundred meters;

3) from fifty kilometers and more - in the amount of two hundred meters.

5. For a river, a stream with a length of less than ten kilometers from the source to the mouth, the water protection zone coincides with the coastal protective strip. The radius of the water protection zone for the sources of the river, stream is set at fifty meters.

6. The width of the water protection zone of a lake, reservoir, with the exception of a lake located inside a swamp, or a lake, reservoir with a water area of less than 0.5 square kilometer, is set at fifty meters. The width of the water protection zone of a reservoir located on a watercourse is set equal to the width of the water protection zone of this watercourse.

7. The boundaries of the water protection zone of Lake Baikal are established in accordance with the Federal law dated May 1, 1999 N 94-FZ "On the protection of Lake Baikal".

8. The width of the water protection zone of the sea is five hundred meters.

9. The water protection zones of the main or inter-farm canals coincide in width with the right-of-way of such canals.

10. Water protection zones of rivers, their parts placed in closed collectors, are not established.

11. The width of the coastal protective strip is set depending on the slope of the shore of the water body and is thirty meters for a reverse or zero slope, forty meters for a slope of up to three degrees and fifty meters for a slope of three or more degrees.

12. For flowing and waste lakes located within the boundaries of marshes and corresponding watercourses, the width of the coastal protective strip is set at fifty meters.

13. The width of the coastal protective strip of a river, lake, reservoir of especially valuable fishery importance (spawning, feeding, wintering grounds for fish and other aquatic biological resources) is set at two hundred meters, regardless of the slope of adjacent lands.

14. In the territories of settlements, in the presence of centralized stormwater drainage systems and embankments, the boundaries of coastal protective strips coincide with the parapets of embankments. The width of the water protection zone in such areas is set from the embankment parapet. In the absence of an embankment, the width of the water protection zone, the coastal protective strip is measured from the location of the coastline (boundary of the water body).

15. Within the boundaries of water protection zones, it is prohibited:

1) use of wastewater for the purpose of regulating soil fertility;

2) placement of cemeteries, animal burial grounds, production and consumption waste disposal facilities, chemical, explosive, toxic, toxic and poisonous substances, radioactive waste disposal sites;

3) implementation of aviation pest control measures;

4) movement and parking of vehicles (except for special vehicles), with the exception of their movement on roads and parking on roads and in specially equipped places with a hard surface;

5) placement of gas stations, warehouses of fuel and lubricants (except in cases where gas stations, warehouses of fuels and lubricants are located in the territories of ports, shipbuilding and ship repair organizations, infrastructure of inland waterways, subject to the requirements of legislation in the field of environmental protection and this Code), stations Maintenance used for technical inspection and repair of vehicles, vehicle washing;

6) placement of specialized storage facilities for pesticides and agrochemicals, use of pesticides and agrochemicals;

7) discharge of sewage, including drainage, water;

8) exploration and production of common minerals (with the exception of cases where exploration and production of common minerals are carried out by subsoil users engaged in exploration and production of other types of minerals, within the boundaries granted to them in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation on the subsoil of mining allotments and (or ) geological allotments on the basis of an approved technical design in accordance with article 19.1 Law of the Russian Federation of February 21, 1992 N 2395-1 "On subsoil").

16. Within the boundaries of water protection zones, design, construction, reconstruction, commissioning, operation of economic and other facilities are allowed, provided that such facilities are equipped with structures that ensure the protection of water facilities from pollution, clogging, silting and depletion of water in accordance with water legislation and legislation in the field of environmental protection. The choice of the type of structure that ensures the protection of a water body from pollution, clogging, silting and depletion of water is carried out taking into account the need to comply with the standards for permissible discharges of pollutants, other substances and microorganisms established in accordance with environmental protection legislation. For the purposes of this article, structures that ensure the protection of water bodies from pollution, clogging, silting and depletion of water are understood to mean:

1) centralized systems water disposal (sewerage), centralized storm water disposal systems;

2) structures and systems for diverting (discharging) wastewater into centralized water disposal systems (including rain, melt, infiltration, watering and drainage waters), if they are designed to receive such waters;

3) local treatment facilities for the treatment of wastewater (including rainwater, meltwater, infiltration, watering and drainage water), ensuring their treatment based on the standards established in accordance with the requirements of legislation in the field of environmental protection and this Code;

4) facilities for the collection of production and consumption waste, as well as facilities and systems for the disposal (discharge) of wastewater (including rain, melt, infiltration, watering and drainage water) into receivers made of waterproof materials.

ConsultantPlus: note.

Water is the most important component of the environment, a renewable, limited and vulnerable natural resource used and protected in the Russian Federation as the basis for the life and activities of the peoples living on its territory, ensuring the economic, social, environmental well-being of the population, the existence of flora and fauna.

The territory of Russia, one of the richest water resources countries, covered by a network of rivers, from small (less than 100 km) to large (more than 2000 km). In total, there are 2.9 million rivers, streams and temporary streams in the country. But in the last five decades, as if an epidemic has swept over the waters, as a result of which many large rivers carry solutions saturated with industrial waste and chemical waste instead of life-giving moisture, thousands of small rivers have died and continue to degrade, lakes are declared ecological disaster zones. The increasing amount of anthropogenic waste entering rivers, wasteful attitude to water, violation of the rules for their protection have led to the fact that the natural biological properties of water, for example, the ability to self-purify, are significantly violated. And this means that a threat looms over all life on Earth. That is why among the many environmental issues facing humanity, the task of preserving the vital properties of water comes to the fore.

On the basis of materials characterizing the state of the surface waters of the Russian Federation, it is possible to determine a set of main reasons for the current negative situation, the main of which are the lack of sanitary protection zones and non-compliance with the regulated regime. economic activity in water protection zones. In the territories adjacent to the rivers, deforestation and immoderate plowing of lands are carried out, which leads to a significant decrease in surface and underground groundwater runoff into the rivers; The plowing of slopes, gullies, and ravines is especially detrimental, since the erosion stability of the soil is violated, as a result of which a significant part of it is washed into rivers, and they, in turn, begin to silt and shallow. Rivers are also dying due to non-fulfillment of agroforestry and erosion control measures within water protection zones, careless storage of mineral fertilizers and pesticides, discharge of sewage from various enterprises onto the relief, washing road transport etc.

According to Art. 111 of the Water Code of the Russian Federation, in order to maintain water bodies in a state that meets environmental requirements, to prevent pollution, clogging, silting and depletion of surface waters, as well as to preserve the habitat of flora and fauna, water protection zones are established, and within them - coastal protective strips. A water protection zone is a territory adjacent to the water areas of rivers, lakes, reservoirs, seas and swamps, where a special regime of economic and other types of activity is established, ensuring a reduction in the anthropogenic load on these objects in order to maintain their ecological systems at an appropriate level, corresponding to a scientifically based combination of environmental and economic interests of society. On the territory of coastal protective belts, a stricter regime for their use and protection is established.

In accordance with this, the Government of the Russian Federation approved Regulations on water protection zones of water bodies and their coastal protective strips dated November 23, 1996, which emphasizes that compliance with the special regime in the territory of water protection zones and coastal protective strips is an integral part of a set of environmental measures to improve the hydrogeological, hydrochemical, hydrobiological, sanitary and ecological state of water bodies and the improvement of their coastal territories.

In our opinion, the most significant in the Regulation is the development of a mechanism for its implementation in the practice of environmental activities, including: regulation of the minimum size of zones and strips; the procedure for determining and establishing the size and boundaries of these territories; development of a special regime for nature management, which consists in the prohibition and restriction of certain types of activities.

The minimum width of water protection zones for rivers is determined by their length and ranges from 50 to 500 m, and for lakes and reservoirs with a water area up to 2 km 2 - 300 m, from 2 km 2 and more - 500 m. The value of the minimum width of coastal strips depends on the types of land adjacent to the water body (forest, meadow, arable land, etc.), and the steepness of the slopes of the banks and ranges from 15 to 100 m.

The size and boundaries of water protection zones and coastal protective strips, as well as the mode of their use, are determined for specific water bodies during design based on physical-geographical, soil, hydrogeological and other conditions, taking into account forecasts of changes in the coastline. The design of zones and strips is carried out in accordance with the regulatory and methodological documents approved by the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation (MNR of Russia), and the projects are approved by the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Federation on the proposal of the basin and other territorial authorities for the use and protection of the water fund. The establishment of zones and strips does not entail the withdrawal of land from land owners, landowners, land users or a ban on transactions with land: they are obliged to comply with and ensure the established regime for the use of these territories. The Regulation provides a fairly wide list of activities prohibited within the established zones (for example, aviation chemical work; the use of chemical means to control pests, plant diseases and weeds; the storage of manure and garbage; refueling, washing and repairing cars and other machines and mechanisms; construction and reconstruction of buildings, structures, communications and other facilities without agreement with the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia) and lanes (in addition to those listed: plowing land; applying fertilizers; placing summer cottages and garden plots and allocating land for individual construction; movement of cars and tractors ).

Literally a few lines in the Regulations are devoted to water bodies located in cities and other settlements. Here, the sizes and boundaries of water protection zones are established based on the specific planning and development conditions in accordance with the approved master plans, and if there is a storm sewer and an embankment, the border of coastal protective strips can be combined with the embankment parapet. The exception is rivers enclosed in closed collectors, for which water protection zones are not established. It is clear that such a brief legal regulation of activities to determine the size and boundaries of water protection zones and coastal protective belts in cities cannot be exhaustive, since in the vast majority of Russian cities various relationships have developed between objects and components of urbanized ecological systems.

The territory of Moscow and the Moscow region belongs to regions with limited water resources. In turn, Moscow is a city where river water is mainly used for household drinking supplies. Recently, there has been a deterioration in the quality of surface water. There are 59 rivers and streams on the territory of Moscow, 20 of them flow into the Moscow River within the city. All of them are exposed to industrial and transport facilities. In some areas of the city, most of the pollutants enter the rivers with surface runoff. One of the main types of surface water pollution are solid mineral substances (suspended particles) and oil products. 430 thousand tons of oil products are washed off the surface of the city of Moscow. The increase in areas covered with asphalt and buildings - impervious surfaces - leads to an increase in surface runoff. The contribution of the surface component of the river runoff from the territory of Moscow is almost 2 times greater than from the area surrounding Moscow, and within the Garden Ring - 3.7 times.

In accordance with Charter of the city of Moscow dated June 28, 1995, both the improvement of the territory and environmental protection are within the jurisdiction of the city, therefore the city authorities carry out their own legal regulation, including the adoption of laws and other regulatory legal acts, in this aspect. An example is Temporary regulation on water protection zones of water bodies located on the territory of the city of Moscow and their coastal protective strips dated October 19, 1999 No. 958, which not only specifies many norms of general federal legislation, but also has a number of differences. Thus, in order to establish zones and strips, measures are envisaged to ensure the natural and recreational potential and the figurative compositional and spatial appearance of the city. Based on the goals of establishing water protection zones and coastal protective strips, their sizes and boundaries are determined taking into account the conditions specified in the Regulations, as well as the prospects for the development of the city, the current state of water bodies and adjacent territories.

The minimum dimensions of water protection zones for rivers are: Moscow - 400 m; Yauza, Setun, Gorodnya, Ichka, Likhoborka, Ochakovka, Ponomarka, Ramenka, Serebryanka, Skhodnya, Chermyanka, Chertanovka - 100 m; for other streams - 50 m. There are about 400 ponds in Moscow. Among the largest are Bolshoi Golovinsky, Serebryano-Vinogradsky (in Izmailovo) and Bolshoy Sadovy (in the park of the Timiryazev Agricultural Academy), Bolshoy Lublinsky, Nizhne-Tsaritsinsky and Borisovsky ponds. The mirror of the existing ponds in the city with a size of 1 hectare and more is over 650 hectares. Due to the many small surface water bodies in Moscow, their own standards have been approved. So, for reservoirs with a water area of less than 5 ha minimum size water protection zones is 50 m, and for large (but less than 2 km 2) - 100 m. According to the decree of the Moscow government "On project proposals for the establishment of boundaries natural complex Moscow with their description and fixing by acts of red lines" dated January 19, 1999 (as amended on July 7, 2003), the territories of the Natural Complex of Moscow, confined to river valleys and near-bottom areas, are included in water protection zones. In built-up areas, the minimum dimensions of water protection zones of watercourses, with the exception of those for which sanitary protection zones have been established (for example, near the source of the Setun River), are not standardized, but are established during the design process, taking into account the environmental situation and the architectural and planning organization of the territory, including placement paved surfaces, conditions for the diversion and treatment of surface runoff, the location of road transport networks, the recreational value of the territory, etc. For coastal protective strips of rivers, lakes and reservoirs, the following minimum width is established: in sections of the channel that do not have equipped embankments for rivers: Moscow - 100 m, Yauza - 50 m, the rest - 35 m; for equipped sections of reservoirs and streams - 25 m. In the presence of an embankment and storm sewers, the border of the coastal protective strip is combined with the parapet of the embankment, the outer edge of the lawn or sidewalk. Design documentation substantiating the size and boundaries of water protection zones and coastal protective strips and determining the development of water bodies is developed on the basis of an agreed and duly approved urban planning documentation that has a positive conclusion from the State Ecological Expertise.

Regardless of the form of realization of property rights to land and their functional use, the prohibited ones include all types of activities mentioned in the Regulations, as well as some specific for Moscow: placing metal awnings for cars of the “shell” or “pencil case” type; storage of contaminated snow; laying driveways and roads, etc. It should be noted that more severe restrictions on the types of activities are provided for small rivers.

In addition, there is a novel in the Temporary Regulations, according to which, within the limits of water protection zones, depending on the purpose of the adjacent territories and their natural value, the following categories of territories are distinguished based on the design results: specially protected natural; reconstruction and environmental rehabilitation; restrictions on urban planning and economic activities. For these territories, special regulation of economic and other activities is stipulated. For example, within the territory of reconstruction and environmental rehabilitation (it should be understood as a set of measures aimed at returning individual components or the ecosystem as a whole to its former properties and qualities using engineering, biological and social impact measures) - the main water protection functions - it is planned to restore elements and components of the Natural Complex. Reconstruction, re-profiling of existing facilities is carried out in accordance with the Law of the city of Moscow "On the regulation of urban planning activities on the territory of the Natural Complex of the City of Moscow" dated October 21, 1998. Therefore, in the territory with limited urban planning and economic activity, the following are provided: engineering preparation of the territory that prevents silting and depletion of water bodies; collection and treatment of surface runoff, excluding the ingress of polluted runoff into water bodies; functional landscaping of the territory, as well as measures that exclude a negative impact on the ecological state of water bodies.

Since 2000, intensive work has been carried out to design the size and boundaries of the water protection zones of water bodies in Moscow. The design is carried out by specialized organizations (Geocenter-Moscow, Gidrospetsgeologia, Center for Practical Geoecology, etc.) by order of the district departments of the Moscow Nature Committee. The analysis of these works allows us to draw the following conclusions and recommendations.

Since water protection zones are understood as areas adjacent to the riverbed (both open and taken into the collector), within which the technogenic load on the elements of the natural complex directly affects the state of water bodies, the main purpose of establishing these zones is to manage the quality of natural waters. In this case, the control action can be measures of protection, protection and rehabilitation of one or another, in this case, natural waters, component of the ecosystem. Protection measures should be understood as a specific and scientifically based regulation of economic behavior with its own set of permissive and prohibitive measures. Protection involves the use of means of engineering influence on the components of the environment and / or on the structural elements of engineering structures in order to isolate the latter or localize their negative impact. It should be emphasized that these management measures can be implemented precisely in water protection areas, since these areas have a special nature protection status.

The scientific basis for determining water protection zones should be the idea of a natural-technogenic or urbanized ecosystem, consisting of various components: atmospheric air, surface water, groundwater, soil, subsoil, biota (flora and fauna), man with his economic and other activities, engineering structures, etc., because the main property of ecosystems is the complex interconnection of all these components with each other. The systemic nature of the relationship between them is expressed in the fact that the impact on any component inevitably causes a response from all others. Thus, urban air pollution will lead to soil pollution and degradation of vegetation, which, in turn, will lead to pollution of groundwater and, through them, surface water, and will also Negative influence on biotic components and on humans.

Thus, the water protection area of the rivers should also have a general environmental significance, especially since it is the river valleys that are the ecological framework for the city and natural corridors through which plants and animals (not only aquatic ones) can enter the city. The establishment of water protection zones is associated with the solution of such basic tasks as the preservation and restoration of qualitative and quantitative indicators of water resources, recreational potential and landscape features, its aesthetic appeal, species diversity of flora and fauna.

The boundaries of water protection zones are determined by natural (the geological structure of soils, the conditions for the protection of groundwater and their relationship with surface water) and man-made (the ratio of residential, recreational and industrial areas, the development of storm sewers, etc.) factors. Rocks in the valleys of rivers, streams, near ravines, as well as in artificial structures in the bowels (quarries, pits, tunnels), they are decompressed, dissected by cracks and, therefore, have a greater than background permeability. Therefore, the capacity of the rocks increases and an under-channel flow of groundwater is formed, which has a flow rate commensurate with the surface one. Attempts to fill up streams and ravines, as a rule, do not lead to the destruction of underflow flows. They can persist indefinitely long time and be accompanied by negative phenomena: subsidence, suffusion, concentrated transfer of pollution. The presence of almost everywhere cracks in the joints sewer pipes and sections of collectors predetermines a rather intense connection between groundwater and wastewater. Therefore, the width of the water protection zone should be determined taking into account the possible transfer of the most probable pollutants for a given part of the city by the flow of groundwater.

The width of water protection zones cannot be given as a constant value for a river; depending on the geological, hydrological, hydrogeological and water management features of the valley section (drainage basin), the width of the zone should be assigned to be different. Since the water management and other situation can change quite quickly and significantly, it is necessary to have a flexible legal mechanism for revising the boundaries of water protection zones and coastal protective belts.

Water protection zones should be established not on the basis of administrative division or affiliation, but taking into account the ecological characteristics of the city territory and technogenic impact. In built-up areas, water protection zones regulate urban planning decisions, and in built-up areas they serve as the basis for designing measures for the protection, protection and rehabilitation of the environment. When designing water protection zones for the main river, it is necessary to assign zones for its tributaries, since they largely determine the quality of river water.

It seems expedient to specifically include the most environmentally hazardous, “dirty” objects in the water protection zones: landfills, industrial sites, filtration fields, sedimentation tanks, roads and bridges with heavy traffic and winter salinization, underground structures, etc. This approach creates a legal basis for projects protection and rehabilitation of the environment of these territories.

The main sources of river pollution within the city are wastewater discharges and polluted surface runoff from the city. If point sources of wastewater discharges can be controlled using various types of treatment and greening of production process technology, then surface runoff is not cleaned of pollution and enters directly into water bodies. Pollution carried by snowmelt and storm water from the territory of the city contains almost the entire list of pollutants typical for industrial wastewater in Moscow. The episodic nature of surface runoff, scattered storm drains, and their unsatisfactory exploitation make the problem of combating river pollution very difficult. It is obvious that the discharge of untreated storm water into the hydrographic network of the city is unacceptable. It is necessary to carefully analyze the conditions that have developed over many years for the formation and discharge of surface waters along the drains in various parts of the rivers with the development of a set of engineering solutions to reduce the impact of these sources of pollution. This complex may include measures such as general sewerage and the creation of cluster treatment facilities, as well as the preservation of those riverine sections of the city that can still be saved in the closest to natural conditions. In the same place, where the surface runoff is canalized, it is impossible to ignore the artificial hydrographic network; in this case, the water protection zone of the river can be the sum of the water protection zones above the collector-drainage network.

In Moscow, the hydraulic connection of surface and underground waters has been changed throughout the entire area of the city, the pressure of artesian waters has been worked out to such an extent that the prerequisite for downward filtration has formed everywhere. It can be argued that almost everywhere in Moscow there are conditions for the ingress of contaminated surface and ground water into artesian aquifers, on which the water supply of most cities of the Moscow region is based. Thus, polluted surface waters become a "secondary" potential source of environmental hazard.

As a general conclusion, we note that the legal regulation of activities for the protection and rational use water needs to be improved, taking into account the positive experience of Moscow. At the same time, the size of water protection zones and, most importantly, the regime of economic and other activities in them should ensure the safety of the health and life of people, their economic, social and environmental well-being.

(in ed. federal law dated 13.07.2015 N 244-FZ)

2. Within the boundaries of water protection zones, coastal protective strips are established, on the territories of which additional restrictions on economic and other activities are introduced.

3. Outside the territories of cities and other settlements, the width of the water protection zone of rivers, streams, canals, lakes, reservoirs and the width of their coastal protective strip are established from the location of the corresponding coastline (boundary of the water body), and the width of the water protection zone of the seas and the width of their coastal protective stripes - from the line of maximum tide. In the presence of centralized stormwater drainage systems and embankments, the boundaries of the coastal protective strips of these water bodies coincide with the parapets of the embankments, the width of the water protection zone in such areas is set from the parapet of the embankment.

4. The width of the water protection zone of rivers or streams is established from their source for rivers or streams with a length of:

1) up to ten kilometers - in the amount of fifty meters;

2) from ten to fifty kilometers - in the amount of one hundred meters;

3) from fifty kilometers and more - in the amount of two hundred meters.

6. The width of the water protection zone of a lake, reservoir, with the exception of a lake located inside a swamp, or a lake, a reservoir with a water area of less than 0.5 square kilometers, is set at fifty meters. The width of the water protection zone of a reservoir located on a watercourse is set equal to the width of the water protection zone of this watercourse.

(as amended by Federal Law No. 118-FZ of July 14, 2008)

7. The boundaries of the water protection zone of Lake Baikal are established in accordance with the Federal Law of May 1, 1999 N 94-FZ "On the Protection of Lake Baikal".

(Part 7 as amended by Federal Law No. 181-FZ of June 28, 2014)

8. The width of the water protection zone of the sea is five hundred meters.

9. The water protection zones of the main or inter-farm canals coincide in width with the right-of-way of such canals.

10. Water protection zones of rivers, their parts placed in closed collectors, are not established.

12. For flowing and waste lakes located within the boundaries of marshes and corresponding watercourses, the width of the coastal protective strip is set at fifty meters.

(as amended by Federal Laws No. 118-FZ of 14.07.2008, No. 417-FZ of 07.12.2011, No. 244-FZ of 13.07.2015)

15. Within the boundaries of water protection zones, it is prohibited:

1) use of wastewater for the purpose of regulating soil fertility;

(as amended by Federal Law No. 282-FZ of October 21, 2013)

2) placement of cemeteries, animal burial grounds, production and consumption waste disposal facilities, chemical, explosive, toxic, toxic and poisonous substances, radioactive waste disposal sites;

(as amended by Federal Laws No. 190-FZ of 11.07.2011, No. 458-FZ of 29.12.2014)

3) implementation of aviation pest control measures;

(as amended by Federal Law No. 282-FZ of October 21, 2013)

4) movement and parking of vehicles (except for special vehicles), with the exception of their movement on roads and parking on roads and in specially equipped places with a hard surface;

5) location of petrol stations, warehouses of fuels and lubricants (except for cases when petrol stations, warehouses of fuels and lubricants are located in the territories of ports, shipbuilding and ship repair organizations, infrastructure of inland waterways, subject to compliance with the requirements of legislation in the field of environmental protection and of this Code), service stations used for technical inspection and repair of vehicles, washing of vehicles;

(Clause 5 was introduced by Federal Law No. 282-FZ of October 21, 2013)

6) placement of specialized storage facilities for pesticides and agrochemicals, use of pesticides and agrochemicals;

(Clause 6 was introduced by Federal Law No. 282-FZ of October 21, 2013)

7) discharge of sewage, including drainage, water;

(Clause 7 was introduced by Federal Law No. 282-FZ of October 21, 2013)

8) exploration and production of common minerals (with the exception of cases where exploration and production of common minerals are carried out by subsoil users engaged in exploration and production of other types of minerals, within the boundaries granted to them in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation on the subsoil of mining allotments and (or ) geological allotments on the basis of an approved technical design in accordance with Article 19.1 of the Law of the Russian Federation of February 21, 1992 N 2395-1 "On Subsoil").

(Clause 8 was introduced by Federal Law No. 282-FZ of October 21, 2013)

1) centralized water disposal systems (sewerage), centralized storm water disposal systems;

3) local treatment facilities for wastewater treatment (including rainwater, meltwater, infiltration, watering and drainage water), ensuring their treatment based on the standards established in accordance with the requirements of legislation in the field of environmental protection and this Code;

(Part 16 as amended by Federal Law No. 282-FZ of October 21, 2013)

16.1. In relation to the territories of horticultural, horticultural or dacha non-profit associations of citizens located within the boundaries of water protection zones and not equipped with wastewater treatment facilities, until they are equipped with such facilities and (or) connected to the systems specified in clause 1 of part 16 of this article, it is allowed the use of receivers made of waterproof materials that prevent the entry of pollutants, other substances and microorganisms into the environment.

(Part 16.1 was introduced by Federal Law No. 282-FZ of October 21, 2013)

17. Within the boundaries of coastal protective strips, along with established part 15 of this article restrictions prohibit:

1) plowing of land;

2) placement of dumps of eroded soils;

3) grazing farm animals and organizing summer camps and baths for them.

18. The establishment on the ground of the boundaries of water protection zones and the boundaries of coastal protective zones of water bodies, including through special information signs, is carried out in the manner established by the Government of the Russian Federation.

(Part eighteen as amended by Federal Law No. 118-FZ of July 14, 2008)

Water Code (VK) of the Russian Federation deals with the regulation of relations in the field of water use based on the idea of a water body as one of the key components of the environment, the habitat of aquatic biological resources, specimens of flora and fauna. Prioritizes human use of water bodies for drinking and household water supply. Regulates the use and protection of water bodies in Russia, taking into account the needs of people in water natural resources for personal and domestic needs, for the implementation of economic, etc. activities. It is based on the principles of the importance of water bodies as the basis of human life and activity. Defines the restriction or prohibition of the use of certain water bodies.