Conducting briefings with the driver's staff sample. Regulations on conducting traffic safety briefings with drivers
briefings
for vehicle drivers
Toolkit
IRKUTSK 2006
IN methodological guide exemplary topics of briefings, types of briefings, as well as instructions for drivers of vehicles are given.
The methodological manual is intended for managers motor transport enterprises, students of special training courses for specialists road transport.
Prepared by: Varis V.S.
Irkutsk, Irkutsk branch of FGO SPO "KATT", 2006.
Bibliography – 3 names.
INTRODUCTION
Modern conditions impose ever-increasing demands on drivers who drive vehicles, the satisfaction of which increases the mental load on the driver. This is explained by the fact that in the process of activity, the driver has to solve a set of tasks for choosing the correct mode of movement of the car, making a decision on the possibility of maneuvering, monitoring changes in the situation and road signs. Such a load on the driver often leads to incorrect actions due to underestimation individual elements environment of movement and features of one's own psyche.
Solving the security problem traffic It is associated with many other factors, among which the main ones are improving the design of cars and other vehicles, increasing their safety level, and maintaining vehicles in good condition.
The vast majority of traffic accidents are somehow connected with violations of the Rules of the road by its direct participants. That's why essential has an organized and purposeful briefing for drivers of the vehicle.
EXAMPLES THEMES INSTRUCTIONS DRIVERS
CARS
In order to consolidate the knowledge gained by car drivers in the process of training, the operation and safety departments of car enterprises responsible for the road safety of enterprises, regardless of their form of ownership, instruct drivers on traffic safety issues on a monthly basis. Approximate topics of briefings, taking into account weather conditions during the year:
1.JANUARY . Driving speed, overtaking and detour, stopping and braking distances, safety distance.
The choice of speed depending on the condition of the carriageway (dry, wet, covered with ice, snow), visibility (fog, snowfall, snowstorm, dust), visibility (the presence of turns, when passing through intersections) and the behavior of road users (pedestrians, children, drivers of other vehicles). Speed when moving in a convoy, at night, when blinded, etc.
Overtaking or advancing vehicles, its elements, determining the possibility of overtaking or advancing in the current situation. Safe driving techniques when overtaking or advancing.
Overtaking standing vehicles, its elements. Detour standing trams, trolleybuses, buses.
Full stopping way, its components. Reaction time and the dependence of its length on the state of the driver. Braking distance and its dependence on the technical condition of the vehicle and the condition of the road surface.
The concept, elements and choice of safety distance.
2.FEBRUARY . Ensuring road safety in the coming spring
Choice of speed in foggy conditions. Safe handling on slippery and wet roads. Features of ensuring traffic safety on the road with different surface conditions (slippery, wet, dry).
Driving past children and pedestrian areas.
3.MARCH . Driver duties. Requirements for the technical condition of vehicles.
Checking the car before leaving the line and when changing on the line, monitoring its technical condition on the way. Actions of the driver in the event of a malfunction of the car on the line.
Presentation of documents for verification. Assistance along the way.
Prohibition to drive a vehicle in a sick or tired state. Prohibition to transfer control of a vehicle to persons who do not have a driver's license or are intoxicated.
Prohibition to drink alcohol, drive a vehicle in a sick or tired state. Prohibition to transfer control of the vehicle.
Obligations of the driver in case of an accident, when passing cars and motorcycles equipped with a special sound signal.
Requirements for the technical condition of the steering, brake system, transmission, wheels and tires, bodywork, loading platform and coupling device, external lighting devices and additional equipment. The effectiveness of the service brake. Preparation for the annual technical inspection of the car and its implementation.
4.APRIL . Ensuring traffic safety for pedestrians and cyclists. Transportation of passengers and cargo.
Overtaking cyclists.
Determination of the moment of occurrence of danger for further movement, depending on the direction of movement and the behavior of pedestrians (especially children or adults with children) and cyclists.
Transportation of passengers in buses, cars and trucks. Norms of loading of buses and cars. Delivery of buses for landing. Transportation of children and tourists.
Transportation of goods: overall dimensions, fastening and designation of bulky cargo during the day and at night during their transportation.
Operation of vehicles on pre-holiday and public holidays.
5.MAY . Ensuring traffic safety in the summer.
Safe driving techniques in the summer in conditions of increasing speed and traffic intensity. Traffic on detours in places of repair of roads. Driving past pedestrians and children.
6.JUNE . Oncoming traffic of vehicles. Road signs, signs, road marking lines.
Road signs and indicators, their areas of action.
Location and meaning of lines, road markings.
7.JULY . Start of movement, maneuvering, stopping and parking of vehicles, maneuvering signals.
The movement of vehicles on the territory of construction sites.
The concept of stopping and parking. Places where stopping and parking are prohibited. Stop on the road for a long time. Stopping and parking at night. Parking of buses and their departure from bus stations.
Light and sound signals for maneuvering. Passage of railway crossings.
8.AUGUST . Ensuring traffic safety in the autumn period.
The choice of speed and safe driving techniques on wet, slippery and muddy roads, as well as in foggy conditions.
Ensuring traffic safety on the road with different conditions of the carriageway (dry, wet, slippery, polluted). Movement in the dark, the upcoming autumn period.
Driving past pedestrians, especially children (schoolchildren).
9.SEPTEMBER . Safe driving and braking techniques. Movement on mountain roads. Towing.
Driver information about weather and road conditions on the route.
Actions of the driver in an emergency: in the event of a skid, blinding, movement of an oncoming vehicle, steering failure or braking system, the sudden appearance of a pedestrian or any other obstacle in the path of the vehicle.
Movement on mountain roads.
Towing vehicles, methods and cases of prohibition of towing.
10.OCTOBER . Movement at night.
Movement at dusk and fog. Oncoming traffic at night. The choice of speed of movement depending on visibility. Blindness.
Headlight adjustment. Minimum distance visibility with low and high beam headlights. Driving with one headlight. Switching headlights and sidelights. Stopping and parking at night. Movement in the dark in the column.
11.NOVEMBER . Ensuring traffic safety in winter conditions.
Safe driving techniques on slippery and snowy roads, in icy conditions, in snowfall, in the event of a skid. Overcoming snow drifts. Passing through stops public transport. Measures to ensure the database of pedestrians in the winter.
12.DECEMBER . Passage of crossroads, squares, railway crossings. Traffic signals and traffic controller gestures.
Types of railway crossings. The order of passage of cars, especially buses, through guarded and unguarded railway crossings. Meanings of traffic lights and traffic controller gestures.
KINDS INSTRUCTIONS DRIVERS TRANSPORT
FUNDS
It is forbidden to allow drivers of vehicles to the line without being instructed by them. The time, place of passage and the list of persons who are entrusted with their conduct are established by order of the head of the enterprise. A mark on the passage of the corresponding type of briefing is entered in the briefing log or on the driver's personal card.
Briefings are carried out in accordance with GOST 12.0.004-90, the order of the Ministry of Autotrans No. 13 dated 5.8.88.
1.INTRODUCTORY .
Induction training on traffic safety is carried out with all newly hired at the enterprise.
Content. Rules for organizing the movement of vehicles on the territory of the enterprise, traffic routes, features of loading and unloading operations. Actions of the driver in case of an accident. Accident analysis. The procedure for passing medical examinations. After passing the introductory briefing, the drivers of the vehicle must undergo an internship with a driver-mentor (3 days - by taxi, 8 days - by bus) - if these drivers have permits marks B, C, D. If there are permit marks (categories) B and C - after retraining for category D (buses), the internship must last at least 15 days (after driving school). Work experience of the driver - mentor - at least 5 years (without accidents, violations labor discipline etc.).
2.PRIMARY ON THE WORKING LOCATION .
Initial briefing at the workplace is carried out with all newly hired workers who are transferred from one unit to another (including from one car to another), with workers performing a new job for them.
3.PRE-TRAIP .
Carried out when performing intercity transportation, transportation of bulky and heavy cargo, transportation of dangerous goods, children, when sending drivers on a business trip; with drivers of tourist and sightseeing buses.
4.REPEATED .
All employees, regardless of qualifications, education, work experience, nature of work, pass at least 1 time in 0.5 years
Briefing is carried out individually or with a group of persons employed in the same type of work in the scope of primary briefing.
5.UNSCHEDULED .
Unscheduled briefing is carried out in the following cases:
When changing the rules on labor protection,
When changing the technological process,
When changing equipment
If an employee violates labor safety requirements,
In case of significant interruptions in work (60 days or more or when transferring from one vehicle to another,
When the driver violates traffic rules or when he commits an accident.
6.PERIODIC .
Held from the 20th to the 30th of every month
Content. Information for drivers on actions in case of critical situations and failures of vehicle systems (steering, braking system, running gear, wheels and tires, etc.). Fire and anti-theft measures. Driver mitigation actions consequences of an accident(measures of passive safety). Rules for the passage of railway crossings (regulated and unregulated). Analysis of traffic accidents (RTA).
7.SEASONAL .
Held from 20 to 30 October and from 20 to 30 March.
Content. Information of drivers about weather conditions with the forecast of meteorological services of the region. Technique safe driving vehicle when icy, dirty road surface, when driving on fallen leaves. Technical preparation of the vehicle for winter and summer period operation. Particularly dangerous places on the route of movement, precautions when driving in dangerous areas. Pedestrian stream in summer. Increasing the activity of pedestrians (especially schoolchildren).
8.SPECIAL .
Special road safety briefing is carried out with all drivers of the enterprise in the following cases:
In case of dangerous changes in traffic conditions on routes,
In the event of a sudden change in cargo and passenger routes,
Upon receipt of information about the committed incidents,
When receiving orders and orders from higher organizations.
9.CURRENT .
It is carried out directly by the dispatcher when issuing a waybill to the driver.
10.TARGET .
It is carried out when performing one-time work that is not related to the direct duties of the driver (cleaning the territory, performing loading and unloading operations, etc.)
NOTE .
Driver's permit to work on a vehicle of any model withoutpreliminaryinternshipsprohibited.
Training is carried out under the guidance of experienced drivers-mentors. The driver-mentor is selected from among the most experienced and disciplined drivers who have at least 5 years of experience in buses, taxis and trucks - at least 3 years, who have not allowed driving for the last three years traffic violations who did not commit specified period accidents through their own fault, who have undergone preliminary training in educational institutions and having a driver-mentor certificate. The driver-mentor is appointed by order of the enterprise.
Drivers appointed for the first time to work on passenger taxis undergo an internship for three days, truck drivers - for up to 1 month.
The training of bus drivers, as a rule, includes two stages: pre-route and route. The pre-route internship includes theoretical classes in the classroom, workshops in the gym and on the training ground. Route internship includes movement along the route without passengers according to the schedule. Each stage of the internship ends with a control check. The final decision on successful completion this stage accepts a commission, which includes the driver-mentor. If the driver does not pass the control check at one of the stages of the internship, its period is extended to 20 hours.
Drivers who have committed an accident through their own fault should be sent for an internship within 8 hours, followed by passing test exams.
TRAFFIC OF BUSES IS PROHIBITED (TEMPORARILY):
Due to weather conditions (fog, heavy rain, hail, snowfall, fires, etc.), when the visibility from the driver's cab in the daytime or at night is less than 50 meters. An exception is when visibility is limited to 50 m on certain sections of routes (no more than 300 m) due to fog. In this case, the speed of the vehicle should not exceed 20 km/h.
With ice. An exception is if the length of ice does not exceed 100 m on route sections in urban traffic conditions, 1000 m - suburban traffic routes.
Wind speed exceeding 25 m/s.
When performing intercity and suburban routes for the carriage of passengers in winter time(at an ambient temperature of 40 C and below). An exception is if transportation is carried out by several buses at the same time (if one bus fails, passengers should be transferred to another).
The road is covered with water or snow and the driver of the car does not clearly see the boundaries of the carriageway (road) from his workplace.
Natural disasters.
When it changes road conditions in case of repair work(the bypass road does not meet the requirements of traffic safety, there is a threat to the safety of passengers).
The right to temporarily stop the movement of buses is provided:
Dispatch service (with immediate information to the head of the enterprise, bus station, city services),
Heads of road services, energy supply, etc.
These deviations must be taken into account when instructing bus drivers.
INSTRUCTIONSFORDRIVERSTRANSPORTFUNDS
Instruction№ 1
General duties of drivers
The driver of a power-driven vehicle is required to have with him - a certificate for the right to drive a vehicle of this
Registration documents for the vehicle (technical coupon, technical certificate etc.);
Track or route sheet, documents for the transported goods, as well as
license card.
The driver must:
before departure, check and ensure proper operation on the way technical condition vehicle. It is forbidden to move if the working brake system, steering, coupling device (as part of a road train) is malfunctioning, headlights and tail lights are not lit (on roads without artificial lighting at night or in conditions of poor visibility), the windshield wiper is not working on the driver's side ( during rain or snow)
undergo an examination for intoxication at the request of police officers (traffic police).
The driver is obliged to provide the vehicle:
Police officers to transport vehicles damaged in accidents, travel to the site of a natural disaster,
police officers, federal bodies state security, tax police in cases of urgency;
Medical workers traveling in the same direction to provide medical care;
Medical workers, police officers and federal state security agencies, combatants and freelancers militia to transport citizens in need of urgent medical care to medical institutions.
The driver of the vehicle must ask the persons who used the vehicle for a certificate or make an entry in the waybill indicating the duration of the trip, the distance traveled, the last name, position and number of the service certificate, the name of the organization, and from medical workers - to receive a coupon of the established form.
In the event of a traffic accident, the driver involved in it must:
Stop the vehicle immediately, switch on alarm and set an emergency stop sign (flashing red light);
Do not move items related to the incident;
Take measures to provide first aid to the victims;
Call for an ambulance or send the victim on a passing vehicle, and if this is not possible, then deliver on your vehicle to the nearest medical institution;
release carriageway if the movement of other vehicles is not possible. If it is necessary to free the roadway or deliver the victim on his vehicle to a medical institution, first fix the position of the vehicle, traces and objects in the presence of witnesses. related to the incident, take all measures to preserve them and organize the place of the accident bypass;
Report the incident to the police and to your company;
Write down the names and addresses of eyewitnesses to the accident and wait for the arrival of the traffic police.
The driver is prohibited from:
Drive a vehicle in a state of drunkenness, under influence medicines impairing reaction and attention. In a sickly state or in a tired state;
Transfer control of the Vehicle to Persons who are in a state of intoxication, sick or tired, not recorded in the waybill and not having a driver's license for this category of vehicle;
Leave objects (cargo) on the roadway that interfere with the movement of other vehicles.
Instruction № 2
Obligations of the driver before leaving and while working on the line
Before leaving the line, the driver must:
Pass a pre-trip medical examination;
Make sure that the vehicle is complete and in good technical condition;
Upon receipt of the travel documentation, present to the dispatcher your driver's license for the right to drive the vehicle.
When checking the technical serviceability of the vehicle Special attention pay to:
The operation of the internal combustion engine, braking system, steering, auxiliary equipment(windshield wipers, lighting devices, light and sound signal izatsii), coupling and support device (as part of a road train, tractor), body or cabin door locks, constipation of the sides of the loading platform, door control drive (at the bus), heating system, speedometer;
Condition of wheels, tires, suspension, windows, license plates, appearance the condition of the muffler (for cracks and holes), the condition of the crankshaft ratchet and the starting handle, the condition of the carpet in the cab (for cuts)
No leakage of fuel, oil, coolant;
The presence of an emergency stop sign, a complete first-aid kit, fire extinguishers, hammers for breaking glass (near the bus);
The presence of wheel chocks (at least 2), a wide gasket under the heel of the jack;
Tightening of the bolts of the wheels and springs, the presence of mounting bolts.
In case of detection of malfunctions, in the presence of which, according to the traffic rules, the operation of vehicles is prohibited, it is prohibited to enter the line until they are eliminated.
The driver of the vehicle does not have the right to go to the line if his rest between shifts was shorter than twice the duration of the work shift in the previous period, as well as with an expired certificate of periodic medical examination.
When working on the line:
Follow only the indicated route;
Comply with the established standards for the capacity of the bus and the carrying capacity of the car;
Start the movement of the vehicle only with behind closed doors, except for the provided cases of movement with open (on ice crossings);
Avoid sharp maneuvers, move off smoothly and also brake smoothly, increase and slow down the speed gradually, do not make sharp turns;
Maintain the speed of the vehicle, taking into account road, weather conditions and the requirements of road signs;
If a malfunction of the vehicle occurs that threatens traffic safety, take all measures to eliminate it, if this is not possible, call technical assistance;
While driving, do not be distracted from the control of the vehicle, do not engage in conversations with passengers, do not leave workplace to a complete stop of the vehicle;
In the event of a forced stop, make sure that the vehicle is safe and does not interfere with other vehicles, turn off the internal combustion engine, brake the vehicle with the parking brake and engage the gearbox in a lower gear, in mountainous conditions - place wheel chocks under the wheels;
On roads with descents, do not disconnect the transmission from the engine; before long descents and ascents, stop and check the operation of the brake system;
If you are blinded by the light of an oncoming vehicle and you lose visibility, do not change lanes, immediately slow down, turn on the emergency alarm and stop;
In the event of an accident, provide assistance to the victims and report the incident to your enterprise and the traffic police as soon as possible;
At night and in case of insufficient visibility, turn on the high or low beam headlights;
If a drowsy state occurs when working on a route at night, you should stop, get out of the vehicle cabin, and do some physical exercises;
When driving, do not coast, disconnect the internal combustion engine from the transmission, except when approaching the intended stop at a speed of no more than 40 km/h;
Passing public transport stops and pedestrian crossings, you should move at a speed that ensures traffic safety, or you should stop - in order to let pass pedestrians who have entered the crossing;
Immediately upon arrival at the facility, at the auto company, you should note the actual time of stay with the dispatcher and inform him about the traffic conditions on the route, at the loading and unloading areas, present the vehicle to the mechanic on duty to check its technical condition, inform him of the line of technical faults. Pass a post-trip medical examination.
The driver of the vehicle is prohibited from:
Exceed top speed defined technical specification TS, as well as indicated on the identification mark "Speed limit" installed on the vehicle;
Transport people in a towed bus and in the back of a towed truck.
In fog, heavy rain, hail, snowstorm, snowstorm, when visibility from the driver's cab is less than 50 m, the driver of the intercity and suburban bus makes the decision to stop the movement.
Instruction № 3
Work in difficult road conditions
1. When working on mountain roads:
Before leaving the line, be sure to get information from the dispatcher about the condition of the roadway. Weather conditions and traffic conditions on the route;
On sections of the road marked with the sign "Steep descent". Where oncoming traffic is difficult, when driving downhill, give way to vehicles moving uphill.
It is forbidden:
Driving with the clutch or gear disengaged in areas marked with the “Steep Descent” sign;
Towing on a flexible hitch in icy conditions.
2. When driving through ice crossings and ferry crossings:
Transportation of passengers in buses on ice crossings is strictly prohibited;
Movement through ice crossings and on ferries should only be started if there is a written permission from the dispatcher in the waybill, having disembarked passengers.
3.When driving through railway crossings:
In all cases, at the entrance to the railway. when crossing, the driver of the vehicle is obliged to make sure that there is no approaching train (locomotive, trolley) within sight, to be guided by the requirements of road signs, traffic lights, markings, the position of the barrier and the instructions of the duty officer for the crossing;
On out-of-town routes, before crossing, it is necessary to stop and continue moving the vehicle only after making sure that there is no train approaching the crossing;
In the event of a forced stop at the crossing, immediately disembark passengers and take all measures to free the crossing. If it is not possible to remove the car from the crossing, then it is necessary, if possible, to send two people along the tracks in both directions from the crossing for 1000 meters or one person in the direction of the worst visibility of the track, explaining to them how to transmit a stop signal to the driver of the approaching train;
Stay near the vehicle and sound a general alarm (one long, three short beeps);
When a train appears, run towards it, giving a stop signal (this signal is Roundabout Circulation hands: during the day - with a patch of bright matter or some clearly visible object, at night - with a lantern or torch.
The driver of the vehicle is prohibited from:
Carry agricultural, road, construction and other machines and mechanisms through the crossing in a non-transport condition;
Cross railways in an unspecified place;
Willfully open the barrier or bypass it;
When the barrier is closed or starting to close (regardless of traffic lights), cross the railway. way as well as with a prohibiting traffic light signal (regardless of the position of the barrier);
Cross the railway the way at the forbidding signal of the person on duty at the crossing, when a traffic jam forms behind the crossing, if a train (railcar, etc.) is approaching the crossing within sight, stop at the crossing;
Departure to the lane of oncoming traffic, bypassing the vehicles standing in front of the crossing;
Disembark (board) passengers and park vehicles closer than 50 m from the railway crossing;
Overtake a vehicle at a level crossing and closer than 100 m in front of it
Instruction № 4
The work of the driver of the vehicle and the parking of the vehicle at night
When driving at night or other conditions of insufficient visibility of less than 300 meters (fog, heavy rain, blizzard, as well as in tunnels), the high or low beam headlights, the identification sign of the road train must be switched on on the vehicle, and the marker lights on the trailer.
Adaptation of the driver to the movement in the dark does not occur immediately. At this time, the number of violations of traffic rules and rules for the use of lighting devices increases by 1.5 times.
Light traffic at night is accompanied by a misleading impression of safety: the driver of the vehicle thinks that the road at night is excellent conditions for fast driving.
But the directions. Which the driver used during the day, are poorly or not visible at all in the dark, so there is a high probability of falling into a ditch, flying into the oncoming traffic lane or onto the side of the road.
Of particular danger is the journey with an oncoming vehicle, although the danger does not come from it, but from some kind of obstacle.
The main beam must be switched to low beam at least 150 m before the vehicle moving towards it. In case of blinding, the driver of the vehicle is obliged, without changing lanes, to turn on the alarm, slow down and stop.
It is very dangerous to light a cigarette while driving a vehicle. lighter or match flames can blind the driver. If the driver has lit a cigarette, the interior of the vehicle should be ventilated: the substances contained in tobacco smoke, reduce visual acuity.
Returning from a long trip at night, you should make short stops that interrupt the monotony of movement in the dark. A few minutes is enough to restore the level of attention necessary for traffic safety.
When stopping and parking on unlit sections of the road at night or in conditions of poor visibility, the marker lights must be turned on on the vehicle, and in conditions of insufficient visibility, the dipped beam headlights, front and rear fog lights can also be turned on. For a road train, the identification sign "Road train" must be illuminated.
In the event of a forced stop, the vehicle must be equipped with an emergency light signaling and immediately put up an emergency stop sign at a distance of at least 15 m from the vehicle in the built-up area and 30 m outside the built-up area.
The driver of the vehicle is prohibited from leaving the car on the roadway. He must take all possible measures to gadfly him out of the carriageway.
Instruction № 5
Features of the work of the driver of the vehicle in the spring and summer
With the beginning of the snowmelt period, a lot of spring water accumulates on the roads. Under a layer of water on the roadway, bumps and potholes (pits) can be hidden. When driving on such roads, you must drive with extreme caution. In order not to damage the vehicle. Do not damage the chassis and do not cause an accident.
After the driver has driven on the carriageway flooded with water, the operation of the brake system of the vehicle should be checked immediately. When driving through water, the brake pads get wet. At the same time, the coefficient of friction sharply decreases, the brake system may not work at a certain moment. Immediately depress the brake pedal slowly and hold it until effective braking is restored. In this case, you need to move at a low speed.
Earthen roadsides from a large amount of moisture get wet and become viscous. Therefore, you should avoid exits to the wet roadside, because. The vehicle can pull over to the side of the road and tip over, especially at high speeds. Vehicle speed must be kept to a minimum.
With the onset of warm days of the year on the streets and highways appears a large number of pedestrians, cyclists and drivers of individual vehicles. You should be especially careful when traveling with this category of drivers.
Morning frost covers the road thin layer ice, car tires at the same time, they have a rather low coefficient of adhesion of wheels to the road (0.1 - 0.3), for example, a clean dry asphalt concrete pavement has a coefficient of adhesion of 0.8-0.9. When driving on ice, you should not brake sharply, because. it is not only useless, but also dangerous. Sudden braking can cause the wheels to lock up and increase the stopping distance and cause the vehicle to lose control and skid.
When driving through a dangerous area, you should keep the speed constant, use the accelerator pedal very carefully, smoothly and gently. Do not make unnecessary, especially sudden movements of the steering wheel. If there is a need to stop, then engine braking or intermittent braking (“press-release”) should be performed.
In case of skidding of the vehicle, on a rear-wheel drive vehicle, it is necessary to turn the front wheels in the direction of skidding, using the braking of the internal combustion engine. On an icy road, sudden movements with the steering wheel, “gas”, and the brake system should be avoided. On a slippery road, changing lanes can be troublesome, and overtaking even more so, so it's best to stay in your lane.
In the oncoming and passing direction of movement on a wet road, dirty spray from the wheels of the car falls on windshield and impede visibility, therefore it is forbidden to leave the vehicle on the line with idle wipers.
Summer time is the time of school holidays. The “peak” of child road traffic injuries falls precisely at this time. The driver of the vehicle must remember that special care should be taken when driving past schools, playgrounds, as well as on those sections of roads and streets where the sudden appearance of children is possible.
Instruction № 6
Features of the work of the driver of the vehicle in the autumn-winter period
Rain, fog, leaf fall, light morning frosts - all this makes the autumn road dangerous and difficult for those who are driving a vehicle. And only a driver who skillfully applies all precautions will be able to overcome difficult sections of the road.
On wet pavement and a road covered with leaves, overtaking and sudden braking are especially dangerous. It should be especially remembered that it is completely unacceptable high speed cornering, on wet and icy roads. Before turning, it is necessary to reduce the speed of the vehicle to a minimum without applying sudden braking. But if the vehicle skids, the following measures should be taken without fuss and nervousness: without disengaging the clutch, turn the steering wheel in the direction of the skid, slowly slowing down and take the car out of the situation.
Intersections and public transport stops are especially dangerous, when the road is covered with snow, they become especially slippery due to the constant braking of cars.
Generalregulationsmovementson theslipperyhighway
It must be remembered that in the autumn-winter period daylight hours are shorter and the driver of the vehicle has to use the headlights more, so you should slow down, increase the distance and lateral interval in relation to other vehicles, and also perform all actions smoothly and without making sudden movements, strictly observe traffic rules, do not dazzle the drivers of the oncoming vehicle by switching the headlights to low beam in a timely manner.
When driving the vehicle in rain and snow, it must be remembered that this reduces visibility from the driver's seat, since the wipers clean only part of the front windshield. At the same time, the braking distance increases - which means that the overall danger of movement increases. When driving uphill, you should select a gear so that you do not have to shift later until the climb is completed. When descending, do not depress the clutch, but drive the car in gear, smoothly using the brake system. Serviceable brakes, steering, tires, lighting devices are the key to safe work on the line.
It is forbidden to give sharp sound and light signals when pedestrians appear on the roadway, tk. in a hurry to get off the roadway, a pedestrian can make a sudden movement, slip and fall in front of a moving car. Therefore, experience and skill, attentiveness and discipline are a reliable guarantee of trouble-free operation in the autumn-winter season.
Instruction № 7
The procedure for emergency evacuation of passengers in case of an accident for bus drivers engaged in the transport of passengers
In the event of a traffic accident that threatens the life and health of passengers, the driver is responsible for ensuring their emergency evacuation from the passenger compartment. The bus driver must:
Stop the bus, brake it with a handbrake, immediately turn off the engine and open all the doors of the passenger compartment;
Manage the evacuation of passengers from the passenger compartment; give a command to passengers, based on the degree of threatening danger, about the order of evacuation from the bus, creating the most favorable conditions and preventing panic.
For bus passengers, the evacuation order must include:
Separation of passengers, starting from the middle of the cabin, into two groups and exit direction for each group through the nearest door;
Priority exit of passengers located in the accumulation areas and in the aisles between the seats;
Exit of injured passengers, disabled passengers and passengers with children;
Exit of other passengers.
For passengers of buses with only one exit, the evacuation command should provide for the priority exit of injured passengers, disabled passengers and passengers with children, and then the exit of passengers, starting from the rear seats of the bus.
In cases where, due to the nature of the accident (rollover of the bus, fire in the passenger compartment, etc.), it is not possible to open the doors or evacuation through the doors does not ensure the salvation of all passengers, the bus driver must:
Give a command to passengers to open the upper hatches, remove the existing special hammers from the mounts at the windows, break windows with them and carry out evacuation from the passenger compartment through hatches, window openings, providing each other with all possible assistance;
If the bus is not equipped with special hammers for breaking windows, give passengers cash to destroy windows window openings salon (hammers, wrenches, mounts, etc.)
Personally take part in the evacuation of passengers from the bus;
At the end of the evacuation of passengers, organize the provision of first aid to the victims and call an ambulance or send them to the nearest medical institution, using for these purposes all vehicles available at the scene and passing by.
Instruction № 8
For drivers involved in transporting children by bus
The bus driver must remember that when transporting children, he is entrusted with the most expensive, the most precious, and therefore, he must be perfectly healthy, collected, feel confident and, in addition, fulfill the following requirements:
1. Check the technical condition of the vehicle, i.e. do everything traffic rules articles, which refers to the technical condition and equipment of the vehicle.
2. Remember that driving is FORBIDDEN in the dark, rainy weather, snowfall and idle windshield wiper. (An exception is the transportation of children to and from school).
3. Pick up and drop off children only in safe places.
4. All windows must be closed so that children do not stick out of the window when driving, which is especially dangerous when overtaking or bypassing the vehicle.
5. There must be a senior on the bus (a representative of the organization sending children), who is obliged to monitor the boarding, transportation and disembarkation of children.
The surname of the senior must be entered in the waybill driver. The driver is obliged to instruct the elder about the rules for transporting children. The latter is obliged to comply with all requirements and at the same time bears responsibility for the consequences.
6. According to the traffic rules, when transporting a group of children, square signs must be installed in front and behind the vehicle yellow color(side size 250-300 mm depending on the type of vehicle) with a red border (width 1/10 of the side) and with a black image of the symbol of the road sign 1.21 "Children".
7. Transportation of children must be carried out on vehicles specially designed for this purpose (buses). Before starting the movement, the driver must make sure that all conditions for the carriage of passengers are provided. The driver is obliged to start moving only with the doors closed and not open them until the bus has come to a complete stop.
When boarding and disembarking children, the bus driver is prohibited from leaving his workplace
8. The number of transported children and accompanying persons must not exceed the number seats in the bus.
9. The speed of the bus in the settlement - up to 40 km / h, outside the settlement - up to 60 km / h. In all cases, the speed must not exceed 60 km/h. When the bus is moving, the dipped headlights turn on.
The bus driver must not exceed the speed modes, deviate from the established route, be distracted from driving the bus (talk, eat, smoke, turn on loud music in the cabin).
It is forbidden to drive onto dirt roads and move along them.
10.It is forbidden to carry cargo with children, except for hand luggage.
11. It is forbidden to transport flammable and pyrotechnic products with people.
12. When transporting children in a convoy, overtaking the vehicle is STRICTLY FORBIDDEN.
13. When driving on wet asphalt, with limited visibility, the interval of movement is chosen by the driver himself, depending on the speed of movement, climatic conditions, the state of transport.
14. The dispatcher on duty is prohibited from issuing a waybill without a written opinion of the doctor on the health status of the driver.
15. The head of the ATP operation service, and in his absence, the senior dispatcher must personally instruct the driver about the route, the state of the carriageway along this route, about dangerous places (places of concentration of accidents) and precautions, when long distance- time and places of rest.
16. When transporting children, the head of operations, together with the head of the column, must determine in advance the drivers from among the most experienced, as well as allocate buses with the shortest service life (preferably the first, second year).
17. The head of the QCD (mechanic) is obliged to check the buses, their technical condition. If a technical malfunction is detected, submit a request for its elimination and carry out current repairs.
18. When buses are released to the line for transporting children with a service life of more than 2 years, Chief Engineer is obliged to check them and give permission for the operation of these buses.
19. Buses for transporting children must be equipped in accordance with GOST - R - 51160 - 98 “Buses for transporting children. Technical requirements".
Instruction № 9
Responsibilities of the driver of a vehicle engaged in the transport of people. rolling stock requirements
Drivermust:
1.Before leaving the line:
Check the technical condition of the vehicle, paying particular attention to the components responsible for road safety - the brake system, steering, light and sound alarms;
Check the condition of the sides, their locks, the reliability of fastening the awning (booth), the strength of the fastening of the backs and seats, the operation of the alarm from the body to the cab and the lighting of the body;
Pass the pretrip medical control, as well as briefing on the rules for transporting people and the state of the route.
2. Upon arrival at the customer's vehicle, present the waybill.
3. Boarding and disembarking of people should be carried out only in specially provided places or at the edge of the sidewalk (roadside) only after the vehicle has completely stopped.
4. Landing of people should be carried out only in the presence of the person responsible for the transportation (his name must be indicated on the waybill), monitor the placement of passengers in the body (cabin of the booth). It is forbidden to stand in the body or sit on the sides when transported by a truck.
5. Do not allow the passage of people in the body (salon) in an amount exceeding established norm, as well as people who are not related to the work performed and passengers who are intoxicated.
6. Require from persons in the vehicle unconditional compliance with safety regulations and road safety.
7. Before starting the movement, make sure that all conditions are provided for the safe transportation of passengers. The driver of the vehicle is prohibited to start moving when people are on the steps, fenders and sides of the vehicle.
8. To touch the car from a place and make a stop should be smooth, without jerks, drive through potholes and potholes (roughnesses in the road) at a reduced speed. It is forbidden to turn off the internal combustion engine and move "coasting" when driving downhill and in ice on a slippery road.
9. When driving a freight vehicle, be especially careful, ensure movement, regardless of the number of passengers, at a speed of no more than 60 km/h.
10. Be extremely attentive and careful in the area of warning signs.
11. In the event of a forced stop of the vehicle, take measures to exclude the possibility of its spontaneous movement.
12. Transportation of people in the body of a cargo vehicle must be carried out by drivers with category "C" (when transporting more than 8 people, including passengers in the cabin - category "C" and "D") and the experience of driving a vehicle of this category for more than 3 years.
Requirements to mobilecomposition:
1. Passengers are transported, as a rule, on passenger vehicles (buses). Transportation of passengers on specially equipped cargo vehicles is allowed.
2. Passenger transportation is allowed on vehicles with reliable operation of components, assemblies and equipment that ensure traffic safety in any conditions. The use of freight vehicles with an expired normative term operation (by years and mileage) is prohibited.
3. All vehicles intended for the transport of people must be equipped with a first aid kit, a warning triangle, as well as fire extinguishing equipment in accordance with the traffic rules.
4. The technical condition of the car must guarantee the safety of the vehicle.
5. The use of exhaust gases for heating the cab of a truck vehicle, the passenger compartment of a bus and a car, a booth for transporting passengers (for a truck) is prohibited. Concentration harmful substances at passenger locations should not exceed sanitary standard(carbon monoxide - 20 mg/m3, acrolein - 0.7 mg/m3).
6.Buses and cars must meet the following requirements:
Body doors must have serviceable locking devices that exclude the possibility of their spontaneous opening while driving, and have devices for forced opening and closing by the driver;
Additional reflectors (mirrors) should be equipped that allow the driver to observe the boarding of passengers and the order in the cabin;
The hood of the internal combustion engine must be securely sealed and fixed;
The muffler pipe must extend beyond the overall dimensions of the truck body by 3.5 cm;
7. The number of passengers carried on cargo vehicles should not exceed the number of seats equipped for seats.
8. The cargo vehicle must be equipped with an awning (removable booth), a ladder for boarding and disembarking passengers (removable or stationary), body lighting, an alarm system from the body to the cab.
9. A cargo vehicle with an onboard platform when transporting people must be equipped with seats fixed at a height of 0.3 - 0.5 m from the floor and at least 0.3 m from the top edge of the side. On the wall of the cabin facing the body of the vehicle, there should be inscriptions: “Do not stand in the body”, “Do not sit on the sides”. An identification sign "People" must be installed on board the body or booth.
Passage in the body of a cargo vehicle not equipped for the carriage of people is permitted only to persons accompanying the cargo or following its receipt, provided that they are provided with a convenient place located below the level of the sides of the body. These persons are allowed to be transported only after appropriate briefing.
At the same time, measures must be taken to prevent people from falling from the body. Transported materials are placed over the entire area of the body, and piece materials are folded and fixed so that the possibility of their arbitrary displacement during the movement of the vehicle is excluded.
10. When transporting groups of children on a cargo vehicle with a van body, it is necessary that there are at least 2 adults accompanying these children in the body. On the vehicle in front and behind must be installed identification marks"Transportation of children" and the dipped headlights must be turned on.
Transportation of children by cargo vehicles is carried out in exceptional cases.
11. It is forbidden to transport people in a cargo vehicle:
Outside the cab of a dump truck, tank truck, tractor and other specialized vehicles, self-propelled machines and mechanisms, the designs of which are not suitable for transporting people, as well as in the body of a cargo motorcycle;
On a cargo trailer (semi-trailer);
In excess of the amount provided for by the technical characteristics of the vehicle;
Children under 12 years of age.
Instruction № 10
Traffic safety and safety for drivers,
sent on business trips and long-haul flights (more than one work shift)
1. When working on the line and along the route, the driver is obliged to comply with traffic rules, as well as:
Observe the readings of instruments, the operation of all mechanisms of the vehicle;
If a malfunction is found in the vehicle that threatens traffic safety, take measures to eliminate the damage, and if this is not possible, go to the nearest repair base or return to your company with all precautions;
When stopping and parking, take all measures that exclude the collision of a vehicle passing in the same or opposite direction;
On suburban roads, after every hour of movement, make a short stop, get out of the vehicle cab for warm-up and external inspection of the main components of the vehicle;
Take special care when driving in conditions of ice, fog, limited visibility, on turns and descents, ascents, railway. crossings, bridges and crossings, when driving at night and on an unfamiliar road, and in case of sudden meteorological weather changes (blizzard, hurricane, etc.) road.
2. The driver is prohibited from:
Drive a car under the influence of alcohol or drugs, sick or overtired;
Transfer control of the vehicle to persons who do not have a certificate for the right to drive the vehicle or who are in a state of alcohol and drug intoxication;
To carry out heating of the internal combustion engine, gearbox, rear axle and other units of the vehicle with an open fire;
Use the car for personal gain;
Carry passengers on cargo vehicles, if they are not recorded in the waybill;
Allow persons who do not have the right to repair the Vehicle, carry out the repair of the Vehicle at loading and unloading sites, in the area of operation of the mechanisms;
Rest or sleep in the cab (body) of the vehicle with the engine running.
3. If, when performing certain types of work, the driver will be in hazardous conditions, he is obliged to stop the performance of these works, inform his administration or the one at whose disposal he is, make a note on the waybill and continue work only after the danger has been eliminated.
4. Special precautions must be observed when working on road trains:
During their loading and unloading, coupling and uncoupling, ensuring the reliability of coupling devices, safety cables;
Observe the speed of movement, increase caution when performing maneuvers (driving turns, etc.).
5. During the repair of the vehicle on the line, the driver is obliged to comply with safety regulations and counter fire safety installed for repair and Maintenance TS. If the amount of repairs exceeds the permitted on the line, and the driver does not have necessary fixtures and tools - it is prohibited to repair the vehicle.
Repairs are carried out on the side of the road and only with right side along the way.
6. When returning the vehicle, the driver must make sure that there are no vehicles, people or any objects. In conditions of poor visibility, retraction is carried out only with a signalman.
7. Crossing the vehicle ford and along the ice crossing is allowed only in places marked with special signs and signs.
8. When inflating tires on the line, be sure to use a safety fork or an air inflation wheel, put the locking ring down to the ground.
9. Do not wipe, do not wash the car engine with gasoline.
10. When starting the engine with the start handle, check the neutral position of the gear lever, do not grab the start handle.
11. When performing loading operations, the driver of the vehicle is obliged to monitor the correct placement of cargo in the car body, compliance with the permitted dimensions, stowage of cargo, fastening and linking, ensuring the reliability and safety of transportation.
Instruction № 11
Providing first aid to victims
in a traffic accident
Accidents can result in a variety of injuries in terms of nature and severity.
First aid, provided correctly and in a timely manner at the scene, can be of the greatest importance for the future fate of the victim. This is all the more important since many accidents occur on roads far from settlements and medical institutions.
For the proper provision of self-help and mutual assistance, it is necessary some training and skills, as well as the availability of a set of dressing materials and medicines.
1.Treatmentwounds
In case of damage to the skin and deep-lying tissues, it is necessary to treat the edges of the wound and apply a bandage.
Do not wash the wound, do not remove foreign bodies from the wound. Wipe the skin along the edges of the wound with a sterile material, making movements from the wounded surface to intact skin.
Lubricate the skin around the wound with iodine with the same movements, but do not fill the wound with iodine.
Close the wound with sterile material, without touching the part of the material adjacent to the wound with your hands. Put on a bandage.
2.Stopbleedingfromwounds
Bleeding arterial: blood of bright scarlet color, splashes with a pulsating jet.
Take measures to stop the bleeding with a pressure bandage. To do this, a sterile material is placed on the wound, a tightly rolled bandage or a piece of foam rubber, or sponge rubber is placed on top of this material, then tight bandaging is performed.
If a tight bandage does not help, a rubber tourniquet should be applied above the site of damage to the vessel. In the absence of a tourniquet, a twist is applied from a belt, scarf, etc., which is tightened and fixed with a stick, fountain pen, etc. The tourniquet is best applied to clothing or a soft pad without folds. A piece of paper should be placed under the tourniquet, on which the time of applying the tourniquet is applied. The tourniquet can be kept for no more than 1.5 - 2 hours.
With very heavy bleeding, you should immediately press the vessel above the bleeding site with your fingers to the bone of the victim. It will give time
orient and choose a way to stop bleeding. The vessel should be pressed against the bone with the thumb, or with the other four fingers so that they lie along the artery.
When the bleeding vessel is located in a place where it is impossible
applying a tourniquet (axillary region, inguinal region), you can stop bleeding by sharply bending the limb in the nearest joints and thus squeezing the vessel. The limb must be fixed in this position with a bandage made of durable material.
Venous And capillary: Streaming dark red or oozing red blood.
In this case, a sterile, moderately pressing bandage is applied.
3.bruises
Signs: swelling, bruising and pain, some limitation of movement is possible. Help - peace and cold on the damaged area.
4.stretching
Signs: swelling, bruising and severe pain in the joint area, limitation of active movements in the joint.
Help: rest and cold on the damaged area. A soft fixing bandage is applied to the ankle, knee, elbow joints (8-shaped).
5.Dislocation
With a dislocation, the articular surfaces are displaced, often with a rupture of the articular bag. Signs: change in the shape of the joint (length of the limb), sharp pain, especially when trying to make a movement. active, passive movements in the joint are practically impossible. Help: creating complete immobility in the joints, as in a fracture. No attempt should be made to correct the dislocation.
6.fracture
A fracture occurs when the integrity of the bone is broken. Fragments of bone may remain in place (non-displaced fractures) or may be displaced. Fractures without damage to the skin - closed, with damage - open. The main signs of a fracture: sharp pain, swelling, bruising. Disturbance of movement in the limb with fractures with displacement - deformation of the limbs. There may be a crunch at the fracture site, abnormal mobility, but these signs should not be specifically identified.
A number of signs of a fracture are similar to those of a bruise and sprain. At the slightest suspicion of a fracture, care should be the same as for an obvious fracture.
Helpatfracturelimbs
The fracture must not be repaired under any circumstances. Ajar fracture, bone fragments do not touch. Apply a sterile bandage. The most important thing is to ensure complete immobility of damaged bones. To do this, a special transport tire, board, ski, stick, metal plate, etc. is attached to the injured limb with a bandage, scarf or other improvised means. tire or handy tool should be applied in such a way as to capture the joints above and below the fracture site. A broken limb can be fixed to a healthy limb (leg) or torso (arm).
Helpatfractureclavicle And shoulder blades
Hang the hand on the scarf, the same follows after fixing the fracture of the hand and forearm.
Helpatfracturespelvis And spine
The main symptoms: pain in the pelvis, spine, often limited movement in the limbs. Danger if no help is rendered: damage internal organs, shock, spinal cord injury.
Basic help: lay the victim in a horizontal position on his back, on a hard, smooth surface. For pain in the cervical spine - fix the head and neck by wrapping them on the sides with some soft objects. When shifting the victim - fix the head and neck.
fracturejaws
Signs: severe pain, swelling, possibly bleeding from the mouth.
Help: a sling-like bandage that goes over the chin and presses the lower jaw to the upper. If the victim loses consciousness, lay him on his side.
7.Cranial – cerebralinjury
These include concussions and contusion of the brain, fracture of the bones of the skull.
Signs of a concussion: short-term loss of consciousness, headache, dizziness, nausea and general weakness.
First aid: lying position, transportation only in the lying position. With a brain injury, prolonged loss of consciousness, vomiting and a state of loss of consciousness with the ingress of vomit into the respiratory tract, retraction of the tongue, which makes breathing difficult, is possible. Help to prevent vomit from entering the respiratory tract, as well as blood and reduce the retraction of the tongue (in the absence of a pelvic fracture): the patient should be laid on his side, placing something under his head so that the head does not hang down, but is not raised.
A fracture of the skull may not differ in its signs from a concussion and a bruise of the brain, but in some cases it is manifested by the presence of a wound in the area of the fracture, a slight or profuse outflow of blood or a clear liquid from the nose, mouth or ear. Help is the same. as with a brain injury: apply a sterile bandage to the wound.
8.State, directlythreateninglife
Shock. It occurs with severe injuries, accompanied by a strong pain stimulus.
Warning: exclusion of repeated pain stimuli as a result of shifting, movements in broken limbs, etc. Help: rest, give the victim analgin or pyramidon, in cold weather - warm the victim.
Respiratory failure. It may be due to tongue retraction, blockage of the respiratory tract by foreign bodies, vomit, blood, water, and also as a result of respiratory arrest. Signs: no visible respiratory movements, the victim may turn blue or pale.
Help with obstruction of the airways: gauze or a clean cloth wrapped around your finger, or a clean instrument oral cavity and deeper sections of the pharynx from foreign bodies, turn the head or the entire victim to the side. When the tongue sinks, you can insert a dense rubber tube with a diameter of 10-15 mm and a special air duct along the finger of the hand behind the root of the tongue 10-20 mm.
ATTENTION:
When cleaning the mouth and inserting the tube with the finger of the hand, the position of the tongue should be controlled so as not to push it into the depth of the pharynx;
When cleaning the mouth and throat, be careful not to leave a cloth or gauze in the victim's throat.
Help with stopping breathing. Artificial respiration is performed "mouth to mouth" or through the above tube. When performing artificial respiration in children, it is performed immediately through the nose and mouth. For hygienic purposes, you can put a gauze napkin on the victim's mouth.
Artificial respiration technique "mouth to mouth" or through a breathing tube.
The performer of artificial respiration, after a sufficiently deep breath, presses his mouth to the victim's mouth or takes a breathing tube into his mouth and exhales vigorously. At the same time, you need to follow. To prevent air from coming out of the victim's mouth. The air escape from the victim occurs independently, the frequency of artificial respiration is 14-18 times per minute.
Heart failure.
Signs: the disappearance of the pulse, pallor of the skin, at the same time respiratory arrest.
Help: chest compressions.
The victim is placed on his back hard surface, more convenient - on top dining table. The person assisting stands on the left, puts left palm on the lower end of the sternum and with force squeezes the chest strictly vertically, additionally pressing on left hand right. Such compressions are performed 60 times per minute, the chest is compressed by 30-40 mm. At the same time, artificial respiration is performed. If assistance is provided by one person, then for every 4 to 5 compressions, one breath is taken.
With the effectiveness of these measures, a pulse appears, pallor decreases, the pupils of the eyes narrow and, finally, the independent activity of the heart is restored.
These measures are also especially important for electrical injuries, in cases where the victim drowned in a pond.
Instruction № 12
Driving on ice roads
1. The administration of the enterprise, before sending its drivers on a trip on winter roads, ice of rivers, lakes and other bodies of water, must make sure that they are accepted and opened for operation, inform drivers about the features of the route, security measures and the location of the nearest traffic police, medical assistance, road maintenance services, etc., as well as recreation facilities along the entire route.
2. The permissible weight of a vehicle with a load and the speed of movement on an ice road are established by the organization in charge of the road, taking into account the standards given in Table 1.
Table 1
__________________________________________________________________
Vehicle weight Ice thickness at Maximum distance from
with cargo, t minus 20 C, see crossing point to the edge
____________________________
sea ice river ice
up to 3.5 t 34 – 25 16 m 19 m
less than 10 56 – 42 24 m 26 m
less than 40 109 – 95 38 m 38 m
For spring ice the norms of its thickness should increase by 1.5 - 2 times.
At the entrance to the ice road must be installed road signs"Weight limit", "Speed limit" and other necessary signs in accordance with traffic rules.
When driving on an ice road, the drivers of the vehicle must observe the intervals established depending on the weight of the vehicle with cargo. Overtaking moving vehicles on the ice road is prohibited.
It is prohibited to park vehicles on the ice road.
In the event of a forced stop of the vehicle, a detour is allowed only with the permission of the persons responsible for the condition of the ice road.
LITERATURE
1.Talitsky I.I. and other Traffic safety in road transport. M., Transport, 1988.
2. Zhulev V.I. etc. Administrative responsibility for violation of traffic rules. M., Transport, 1979.
3. Mishurin V.M. and other Reliability of drivers and traffic safety.
2006 B methodicalallowances contains recommendations... for transportation of dangerous goods, is required to undergo special training or briefing. 5.1.3. Special training driverstransportfunds... , Surgut, Tobolsk, Irkutsk, Khabarovsk, Perm, ...
Collection of documents on the prevention of child road traffic injuries
Dissertation abstractEducational methodical literature, teaching and visual benefits, equipment... driverstransportfunds); - adequately evaluate transport situations that are dangerous for ... transport injury. Conduct briefings ... 6177 2,6 8,8 Irkutsk area 3435 -6.8 ...
INFORMATION AND ANALYTICAL MAP (PASSPORT) Irkutsk 2012
Document... methodicalallowance.-M.: Ventana-Count, 2006 ... means: Proc. allowance. – Irkutsk ... -transport ... briefings ... methodicalbenefits 1. Expert advice, 2. Assistance in organizing extracurricular activities State institution of culture Irkutsk ...
Educational and methodical complex (326)
Training and metodology complex... transportfunds. Witness interrogation tactics driver, the victim. Investigative Tactics. Wanted transportfunds ... Transportation-trasological expertise in cases of road traffic transport incidents: methodicalallowancefor ...
PROGRAM
initial briefing for the driver
1. GENERAL INFORMATION about the work of the driver in the municipal educational institution School No. 5 has the following vehicles on its balance sheet: PAZ 32 053 70; UAZ 315 192.
1.1. The garage is located on the school grounds: area - 72 sq. m.; foundation - reinforced concrete blocks; floors - concrete; capital external and internal walls- brick; roof - wooden floors covered with slate; doorways - metal gate(2 pcs.) Equipped inspection pit; central heating; daytime general lighting; natural ventilation; security alarm.
1.2. The garage has space for:
car parking;
Storage of tools and devices;
Storage of work clothes;
Fire extinguisher
Instructions.
3. Motor transport school is used:
For administrative and economic support;
For one-time transportation of students.
2. DRIVER WORKING MODE:
The driver is at his workplace during the hours set for the start and end of work;
The driver is allowed to work only on the vehicle to which he is admitted;
To hand over and take the car from protection with a mandatory signature in the magazine;
3. ORGANIZATION OF WORK ON LABOR SAFETY AT THE WORKPLACE:
Ensuring the priority of preserving the life and health of employees and students;
Administrative management of labor protection;
Administrative supervision and control over compliance with labor protection requirements;
Investigation and registration of accidents at work and occupational diseases.
3.2. The driver must:
Obey the rules of the road
Report all malfunctions of the car immediately to the management;
Comply with the production and technological discipline of labor;
In case of an accident, provide assistance to the victim and inform the management about it. When investigating the causes of an accident, report the circumstances of the accident known to him;
Comply with scheduled breaks during the work shift;
Perform a set of exercises in order to reduce neuro-emotional stress, eliminate the influence of physical inactivity, and prevent the development of postural tonic fatigue.
Have 1 qualification group for electrical safety
Have a work permit based on the results of a medical examination;
Comply with labor protection requirements;
Proper use of personal and collective protective equipment;
To undergo training in safe methods and techniques for performing work, briefing on labor protection, internships at the workplace and testing knowledge of labor protection requirements;
at work, or about the deterioration of their health, including the manifestation of signs of an acute occupational disease;
Conscientiously fulfill their labor duties;
Take care of the property of the organization;
organization is carried out by the employer, direct management of work on labor protection in the organization and its structural subdivisions is carried out by an official who, by order, is responsible for ensuring labor protection in the organization.
3.4. Deputy directors of the organization (employer), heads (heads) of production and sites, heads of functional services manage the labor protection activities of the relevant departments and services of the organization in accordance with the requirements of legislative and regulatory legal acts on labor protection.
3.5. Public control over the state of labor protection in the gymnasium is carried out by authorized (trusted) persons for labor protection of the trade union, labor collective or representatives of a higher organization within the rights granted to them.
4. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR SAFETY IN THE WORKPLACE
4.1. The garage should be located on the school grounds, equipped with a viewing hole; central heating; daytime general lighting; natural ventilation; security alarm.
4.2. Driving a car is allowed for persons not younger than 18 years of age who have special training and who have received a driver’s license in accordance with the established procedure for the right to drive a car, who have undergone a medical examination and training in safe work, which provides for:
Induction training;
Initial briefing at the workplace;
Production (theoretical and practical) training in safe labor methods and techniques in the amount of at least 10 hours in preparation for production under the guidance of a mechanic (engineer) or a highly skilled worker;
An internship in the amount of at least 2 - 14 work shifts (depending on the complexity and danger of the work performed);
Primary knowledge test - admission to independent work;
Repeated training at the workplace;
Unscheduled briefing at the workplace;
Targeted coaching at the workplace;
- another test of knowledge;
- Unscheduled knowledge testing.
4.3. After being hired, the driver is obliged to accept the vehicle, to perform only the work that is permitted by the administration of the gymnasium.
The driver is allowed to work only on those vehicles for which he is admitted.
4.4. Focus only on the work in progress, do not be distracted by extraneous matters and conversations mobile phones, do not distract others.
4.5. Do not allow persons who are not related to the assigned work to your workplace. The driver must maintain order at the workplace in the process of performing work, clean it from debris and dirt.
4.6. The driver must be provided with overalls, safety shoes and means personal protection in accordance with current regulations, including:
- cotton overalls GOST 12.4.099-80, wearing period - 12 months
- leather boots GOST 5394-89, wearing period - 12 months
- combined mittens GOST 12.4.010-75, wear period - 2 months
jacket with insulated lining GOST 12.4.084-80 wearing period - 24 months
- trousers with insulated lining GOST 12.4.084-80 wearing period - 24 months
- felt boots GOST 18724-88, wearing period - 30 months
4.7. The driver must be trained and instructed on the rules for providing first aid to the victim in an accident. The car must be provided with a specially equipped first aid kit. Every driver should be able to use it
4.8. Personal protective equipment used in the course of work, mechanized tools, equipment and technological equipment must be used for their intended purpose, in accordance with the instructions of the manufacturers for their operation and in the manner established by the work production projects, technological maps or other technological documents.
4.9. While on the territory of the gymnasium, at work sites and workplaces, the driver must comply with the following rules:
- comply with internal labor regulations;
- comply with the rules on labor protection, safety and fire safety adopted in the gymnasium;
- it is forbidden to admit unauthorized persons;
- it is forbidden to drink alcoholic beverages;
- smoking is prohibited;
- do not walk around the territory of the gymnasium without a production need.
4.10. The driver should not start performing one-time work that is not related to direct duties in the specialty, without receiving targeted instruction on labor protection.
4.11. Having noticed a violation of safety requirements by any employee, the driver must warn him of the need to comply with them.
4.12. It is forbidden to use tools, devices, equipment, with which the driver is not trained and instructed.
4.13. Drivers must not work more than 40 hours per week.
4.14. The driver must know what is most hazards that can affect him in the process of performing work are:
- posted car or its units;
- hot water and steam;
- flammable substances;
- gases and other toxic substances;
- leaded gasoline;
- equipment, tools, fixtures;
- the driver's fall as a result of his careless actions when leaving the cab and moving around the territory.
4.15. Car posted only lifting mechanism represents a great danger, as it can fall and crush the driver.
4.16. Hot coolant, water and steam if exposed to skin covering cause burns.
4.17. Flammable substances (vapours, gases), in the process of handling of which the safety rules are violated, can cause a fire and explosion.
4.18. Gases and other toxic substances (butane, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, ethyl mercaptan and others), entering the human body through the respiratory system, lead to severe poisoning.
4.19. Leaded gasoline has a toxic effect on the body when its vapors are inhaled, the body is contaminated with it, it enters the body with food or drinking water.
4.20. The driver must comply with fire safety regulations. Smoking is allowed only in designated areas.
4.21 Gas-balloon (gas-diesel) vehicles can enter the maintenance and repair posts only after the engine has been switched to work on gasoline ( diesel fuel).
Before entering, it is necessary to check the gas supply system for leaks at a special post. It is forbidden to enter premises with a non-hermetic disposable power supply system.
When transferring the engine to liquid fuel, it is necessary to close the supply valves and completely exhaust gas from the power supply system (until the carburetor engine stops completely), then close the main valve, turn on the liquid fuel supply and start the engine.
4.22. The driver must observe the rules of personal hygiene. Before eating and smoking, wash your hands with soap and water, and after working with components and parts of a car running on leaded gasoline, wash your hands with kerosene beforehand.
4.23. The driver at the workplace assigned to him exercises the first level of control over the state of working conditions. Starting work with a survey of his workplace, the driver checks it for compliance with the requirements normative documents on labor protection and in case of detection of violations, takes measures to eliminate them. In the process of work, the driver complies with the requirements of the labor protection instructions for the profession and types of work established for him. If violations are detected, take measures to eliminate them up to the termination of work. Report violations to your immediate supervisor.
4.24. For violation of this instruction on labor protection and norms of behavior in the workplace, as well as norms internal regulations the driver is liable (criminal, disciplinary) in the manner prescribed by law.
4.25. In case of illness or injury, both at work and outside it, it is necessary to inform the manager about this and contact the medical institution
4.26. In case of an accident, help the victim in accordance with the instructions for providing first aid, call a medical officer. Preserve the situation at the workplace as it was at the time of the incident until the investigation, if this does not threaten the life and health of others and does not lead to an accident.
4.27. If you find a malfunction of the car, report it to the manager. Use and use of faulty equipment and devices is prohibited.
5. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS BEFORE STARTING WORK
5.1. Upon arrival at work, undergo a medical examination.
5.2. Put on overalls and safety shoes. Overalls should be appropriate for growth, not restrict movement, not have hanging strings, be neatly tucked in and fastened with all buttons.
5.3. Receive a task for the production of work from the work manager.
5.4. Get a waybill and briefing on the working conditions on the line and the features of the cargo being transported.
5.5. After receiving the assignment, the driver must:
- clarify the sequence of work and security measures;
- make sure that all mechanisms, metal structures and other parts of the car are in good condition in accordance with the "List of malfunctions and conditions under which the operation of vehicles is prohibited", "Rules of the road of the Russian Federation";
- check the presence and serviceability of electrical fuses and electrical wiring. All fuses must be standard and correspond to the rated current. Wiring should not have bare spots, and the places of its connection should exclude the possibility of sparking;
- check the tightness of the power supply system (if there is any fuel leakage or gas leakage);
- check the completeness of the car necessary tools, fixtures, inventory and their serviceability;
5.6. Cars running on gas fuel must be inspected daily to check the tightness and serviceability of gas equipment. The tightness of all connections is checked using special devices (leak detectors), by ear or by soap emulsion.
Malfunctions of gas equipment (non-tightness) are eliminated only at the posts for the repair and adjustment of gas equipment or in a specialized workshop.
5.7. Before starting the engine, the driver must:
- turn off and disconnect the heating elements;
- brake the car with a parking brake;
- put the gearshift lever (controller) in the neutral position;
- check the tightness of the power supply system;
- ventilate the engine compartment for at least 20 minutes (on vehicles running on gas fuel).
5.8. The driver may use the starting handle only in the event of a temporary failure of the starter or when starting the engine after a repair.
5.9. The driver is prohibited from:
- start the engine by towing;
- heat the engine, gearbox, crankcases of driving axles with open fire;
- release compressed natural gas or drain liquefied petroleum gas while the engine is running or the ignition is on;
- hit gas equipment and fittings under pressure;
- stop a gas-balloon car closer than 5 m from work places with open fire, as well as use open fire closer than 5 m from the car;
- check the tightness of the connections of gas pipelines, gas equipment and fittings by fire;
- operate vehicles with the air filter removed;
- refuel the car with fuel, antifreeze and other toxic liquids from an open container (bucket, watering can, etc.) or through a hose by sucking in the mouth;
- refuel gas cylinders with an overdue examination period, as well as faulty cylinders - with dents, cracks, with damaged fittings, in the absence of proper coloring, in the presence of a gas leak;
- blow through the technical pipelines of the car (fuel, antifreeze, etc.) with your mouth;
- wash the parts and components of the unit in gasoline;
- use open fire in explosive and fire hazardous rooms and near containers with flammable liquids and gases;
- smoke when refueling with fuels and lubricants;
- when inspecting fuel tanks and measuring the level of flammable liquid in tanks, use open fire;
- store gasoline, diesel fuel and other flammable materials in the cab.
5.10. Detected violations of security requirements must be eliminated on their own, and if it is impossible to do this, the driver is obliged to stop work and inform his immediate supervisor about this.
6. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS DURING WORK
6.1. Start moving the car only after making sure that there are no people or other obstacles in the way of movement, if necessary, give a sound signal.
6.2. When driving on roads common use, in yards and residential areas, the driver is obliged to comply with the requirements of the "Rules of the Road of the Russian Federation".
6.3. When driving on a slope, do not make sharp turns to avoid slipping or tipping over. When driving downhill, do not turn off the first gear, and when driving uphill, do not change gears.
6.4. On sharp turns, the speed of movement of the car should be minimal.
6.5. Before reversing the vehicle, make sure that this maneuver does not create a danger that there are no people nearby.
6.6. Before driving in reverse in conditions of insufficient rear visibility (because of the load in the body, when leaving the gate, etc.), require the allocation of a person to organize the movement of the car.
6.7. Before leaving the cab, turn off the ignition or cut off the fuel supply, brake the car with a parking brake, make sure that there is no danger associated with the movement of vehicles, both in the same direction and in the opposite direction. Do not jump from the cab, car body.
6.8. If the car is stopped on a section of the road that has a slope (even a slight one), place wheel chocks (shoes) under the wheels.
6.9. Clean dirt, snow and ice off the footboards in a timely manner. Avoid contact with oil and fuel.
6.10. Do not park the car in places blocking the passage of other vehicles.
6.11. Rest in the cab of the vehicle only when the engine is not running, as otherwise it may lead to poisoning by carbon monoxide contained in the exhaust gases of the vehicle.
6.12. In winter, to prevent cases of frostbite, when troubleshooting on the way, work only in gloves. It is forbidden to touch metal objects, parts and tools with hands without gloves.
6.13. Troubleshooting, inspecting individual vehicle components, as well as lubricating or adjusting them should only be done with the engine stopped, the brake on and the gear lever set to neutral.
6.14. Open the radiator cap of an overheated engine only after the engine has cooled down. It is necessary to open it in a mitten or cover it with a rag (rags), be as far as possible from the neck to avoid burns. Open carefully, avoiding intense release of steam. Inspection of the car should be carried out only when the mechanisms are not working.
6.15. Disabling safety devices (jamming contacts, disabling lift limiters, etc.) is prohibited.
6.16. The driver must be aware that antifreeze is a poison that can cause severe poisoning, even fatal.
Do not allow antifreeze to get on your lips or in your mouth. For ethylene glycol fluid, a separate container with a special marking must be used.
6.17. Remove used oiled cleaning materials in special metal boxes with tight-fitting lids.
6.18. Refuel the car with fuel in accordance with the safety rules established for gas stations.
6.19. When refueling a car in winter, use refueling nozzles only with gloves on, do not allow dousing and getting fuel on the skin of hands and body.
6.20. Before refueling the vehicle with gas, stop the engine and close the supply valves.
6.21. After filling the cylinders with gas, first close the valve on the dispenser, and then the filling valve on the vehicle and disconnect the gas filling hose.
If during refueling the gas filling hose is accidentally depressurized, immediately close the outlet valve on the gas filling station, and then the filling valve on the vehicle.
6.22. If, when starting at a gas station, the engine starts to pop, the driver must immediately turn off the engine and tow the car to a safe place for troubleshooting.
6.23. When stopping the movement of a gas-balloon (gas-diesel) car for parking for more than 10 minutes, close the main valve, and for less than 10 minutes it is allowed to leave the main valve open.
6.24. To open and close the sides of the truck, seek the assistance of another person.
6.25. When sent to work away from the gymnasium, on ice roads, crossing water bodies and in off-road conditions, receive additional instructions from the work manager.
6.26. Brief passengers before boarding freight car intended for the transport of people, on the procedure for boarding and disembarking, warning them that it is prohibited to stand in the back and sit on the sides of a moving vehicle.
6.27. To check the compliance of the stowage and reliability of fastening of cargo and awnings on the rolling stock with the safety requirements and ensuring the safety of goods, and in case of detection of violations in the stowage and fastening of cargo and awnings - demand from the person responsible for loading operations, eliminate them.
6.28. Transport glass containers with liquids only in special packaging, and they must be installed vertically (cap up).
6.29. Make sure that piece loads that rise above the sides of the body are tied with strong, serviceable rigging (ropes, ropes). It is forbidden to use metal rope and wire.
6.30. Make sure that box, roll-drum and other piece cargo is packed tightly, without gaps, strengthened or tied so that during movement, sudden braking, planing from a place and sharp turns, it cannot move along the floor of the body. If there are gaps between the places of the load, wooden spacers and spacers should be inserted.
6.31. Ensure that barrels with liquid cargo are installed with the cap up. Each row of barrels laid on its side should be wedged on the outer rows. It is forbidden to use other objects instead of wooden wedges.
6.32 Accept and transport dangerous goods and empty containers, taking into account the safety of transporting dangerous goods by road.
6.33. Ensure that all packages containing hazardous substances have labels indicating the type of hazard of the cargo, the top of the package, the presence of fragile vessels in the package.
6.34. Turn off the engine before loading dangerous goods onto the vehicle and unloading them from the vehicle.
6.35. Park your car no closer than 1 m from the car in front and at least 1.5 m from the car standing on the side under loading or unloading.
When placing a car for loading or unloading, observe an interval of at least 0.5 m between the building and the car and at least 1 m between the pile of cargo and the car.
6.36. When stopping and parking on unlit sections of the road at night or in conditions of insufficient visibility, turn on the marker or parking lights of the car.
6.37. When the car is forced to stop on the side of the road or on the carriageway for repairs, place an emergency stop sign or a flashing red light behind the car.
6.38. When working under a vehicle, position yourself so that your feet are not on the roadway.
6.39. When inflating or inflating tires removed from the car on the road, install a safety fork of the appropriate length and strength into the holes of the wheel disk or put the wheel with the lock ring down.
6.40. The driver is prohibited from:
- perform any work on maintenance and repair of the vehicle at a distance closer than 5 m from the area of operation of loading and unloading mechanisms;
- use an open fire and smoke at a filling station, carry out repair and adjustment work, refuel with the engine running, allow fuel to overflow, allow passengers to be in the cabin, cabin or body;
- allow the engine to run on a mixture of two fuels - gasoline and gas (with the exception of gas-diesel);
- block the cabin doors with cargo;
- transport in the cabin the number of people more than it is indicated in the passport of the manufacturer;
- transport people on footboards, as well as with open doors;
- jointly transport hazardous substances and foodstuffs;
- when refueling with gas fuel, stand near the gas filling hose and cylinders;
- tighten the connection nuts gas system under pressure, and knock on them with metal objects;
- work without gloves when refueling with gas fuel;
- fill cylinders in case of detection of depressurization of the power supply system;
- allow unauthorized persons to repair the car,
- Talk on your cell phone while driving.
6.41. In the event of malfunctions (breakdowns) of individual components of the car, the driver is obliged to stop work until these malfunctions are eliminated. If it is not possible to eliminate the malfunctions on their own, the driver is obliged to notify the work manager and the person responsible for the technical condition of the vehicle.
6.42. A car with faulty gas equipment must be in an open area without gas in cylinders.
6.43. Features of work in the autumn-winter period:
- the main rule when driving on a winter road is extra caution. The driver should soberly and comprehensively assess his capabilities, the capabilities of his car, the state of the road and weather conditions.
- main reason traffic accidents in winter - the irresponsibility of drivers on a slippery road. It must be remembered that on an icy road, sudden braking and acceleration of direction are unacceptable. The vehicle controls must be operated smoothly and carefully.
It should be remembered: you can leave unexpectedly on sleet, in this case, emergency actions always lead to a malfunction or an accident, you need to drive this section of the road calmly, avoiding changes in speed and direction, places of the road free of snow and ice (shoulders, ruts, etc.) . Engine braking is effective in icy conditions, especially during long descents.
- in winter, daylight hours are significantly reduced, some of the working time drivers work at night or in artificial lighting. At this time, it is necessary to pay attention to the light signaling, the correct adjustment of the headlights, the windshield must be clean and without cracks.
- when driving on loose snow, do not allow the wheels to slip, choose the right speed.
It must be remembered that under the snow there may be various objects that, when hit, the steering wheel can be pulled out of your hands.
- it is necessary to pay increased attention to the drivers of other vehicles, the possibility of a mistake by any of the road users, which can turn into an emergency situation for you, is not ruled out.
- special significance in autumn conditions - winter period acquired
MINISTRY OF ROAD TRANSPORT OF THE RSFSR
TECHNICAL MANAGEMENT
GUIDANCE DOCUMENT
January 1, 1985
POSITION
on conducting traffic safety briefings
with the driver
Introduced for the first time
RD-200-RSFSR-12-0071-86-09
Designed by:
State Research
institute of road transport
(NIIAT)
This guidance document was developed on the basis of the order of the Minister of Road Transport of the RSFSR N 13 dated 5.08.75, RD 200 of the Ukrainian SSR 219-84 "Instructions on the procedure for conducting traffic safety briefings with the driver's staff."
The work was carried out in accordance with the comprehensive plan for the most important research and development work for 1985, approved by the minutes of the meeting of the Collegium of the Ministry of Autotransport of the RSFSR dated December 20, 1984, as well as the Plan of Work on Standardization and Metrology of the Ministry of Autotransport of the RSFSR for 1985.
1. General Provisions
1.1. The purpose of briefings is to provide the driver with the necessary information to perform various kinds transportation.
1.2. The following types of driver briefings are established:
Introductory;
Pretrip;
Seasonal;
Special.
1.3. The admission of drivers to work on the line without passing the appropriate briefing is prohibited.
1.4. The organization of briefing, control of its completeness, timeliness of its implementation is assigned to the traffic safety service of the enterprise.
1.5. The time, place of the briefing and the list of persons who are entrusted with the conduct are approved by order of the head of the enterprise in accordance with the recommendations of this Regulation.
1.7. A note that drivers have passed traffic safety briefings is made (against their receipt) in the appropriate journal or in the driver's personal card.
2. Introductory briefing
2.1. An introductory briefing on traffic safety is carried out with all drivers hired by the enterprise.
2.2. An introductory briefing is conducted by the head of the enterprise (organization) or the head of the traffic safety service.
2.3. The introductory briefing includes the following provisions:
organization rules safe movement vehicles on the territory of the enterprise;
features of the working conditions of the enterprise, established routes, features of loading, reloading and unloading of typical cargoes, application mechanical means during loading and unloading operations;
actions of the driver in case of traffic accidents, analysis of accidents and measures to ensure traffic safety;
the procedure for passing pre-trip and post-trip medical examinations, special, periodic and seasonal briefings.
3. Pre-trip briefing
3.1. Pre-trip briefing is carried out with drivers providing long-distance and international transportation, transportation of children, transportation of dangerous, heavy and oversized cargo; with drivers sent for agricultural transportation and business trips, with drivers of buses (tourist and excursion).
3.2. The briefing is carried out by the head of the operation service or the head of the column (detachment).
3.3. The pre-trip briefing includes the following provisions:
traffic conditions and the presence of dangerous places on the route;
weather conditions;
mode of movement, organization of rest and meals;
order of parking and sludge, protection of vehicles;
features of the transportation of goods and passengers, the procedure for passing railway crossings and overpasses, crowded places;
features of transportation of children and students.
3.4. The production and technical service participates in the pre-trip briefing when:
transferring drivers to another brand of car;
driving vehicles with trailers, as well as informing drivers about the handling of fuels and lubricants.
3.5. The person conducting the pre-trip briefing controls the availability of the route map for the bus driver.
4. Seasonal briefing
4.1. Seasonal briefing is held twice a year in the periods preceding the autumn-winter and spring-summer transportation, in order to prepare the drivers for the additional difficulties associated with driving and operating the car.
4.2. Seasonal briefing is carried out by a driver-instructor for traffic safety or a traffic safety officer, as a rule, from 20 to 30 October and from 20 to 30 March according to a schedule approved by the head of the enterprise.
4.3. IN seasonal briefing includes issues of ensuring traffic safety and operation of the car in accordance with the weather ( low temperatures, snowfall, spring floods) and other conditions (increased activity of schoolchildren during holidays, features of passenger and pedestrian flows in the summer, an increase in passenger and transport flows).
5. Special instruction
5.1. Special training on traffic safety is carried out with all drivers of the enterprise in the following cases:
in case of dangerous changes in traffic conditions on the routes (the appearance of dangerous sections on the roads, sudden changes in weather conditions, etc.);
in the event of a sudden change in cargo and passenger routes;
upon receipt of information about committed incidents;
upon receipt of orders and orders coming from higher organizations.
5.2. Special briefings are conducted by traffic safety instructors, as well as traffic safety officers.
The text of the document is verified by:
"Collection of normative-legal materials on
ensuring traffic safety on
avtomobil.transp.",
Chelyabinsk: REKPOL, 1996
Road safety rules are binding on everyone, both drivers and pedestrians. Compliance with the rules should be carried out not out of fear of punishment, but out of responsibility for one's life and others.
At the legislative level, traffic safety is understood as a degree of protection from traffic accidents and their consequences. Regulations require employers to conduct mandatory briefings for drivers of vehicles. The main purpose of such events is to provide the employee with all the information that will allow him to fully fulfill his functions in driving a vehicle, to prevent an emergency on the road. Information should be formed in the instruction, and depending on the type of instruction, exactly what is required in specific situation information.
Who conducts the training
The management of a logistics company or other carrier organization is not entitled to allow employees to drive a vehicle without instructions.
As a rule, the enterprise has a traffic safety department, whose specialists develop training programs. General management and control over the development and implementation of these activities is carried out by the head of the unit. The functions of directly conducting driver briefings are assigned to a database engineer or a mechanic, head of the garage, depending on the structure of the enterprise.
Types of briefings
Carrying out briefings on traffic safety of drivers is necessarily recorded in the registration logs. The events themselves are held according to pre-compiled programs and are divided into several types.
Introductory
The instruction is mixed and is carried out at the time of hiring. The employee receives not only information about the rules of the database, but also information about labor protection. Instruction is mandatory for all specialists who will drive the vehicle, regardless of work experience and qualifications, which causes positive reviews drivers.
Primary
The briefing is carried out at the workplace and is also considered mixed, as it includes not only the rules safe operation vehicle, but General requirements safety practices in the workplace.
Repeated
It is subject to quarterly conduction and includes all the information conveyed at the initial briefing. Such an event is positively noted by employees. They believe that it is very useful to repeat what has been learned before, because much is gradually forgotten.
Pre-trip briefing of drivers on road safety
It is carried out in a number of cases:
- if the driver will go on the planned route for the first time;
- transportation of children;
- transportation of dangerous or;
- if the driver is transferred to another vehicle.
Seasonal
To be held twice a year. The topics of the briefings are the features of transport management in the off-season and in difficult winter conditions. Drivers' comments about this event are only positive, because they understand how important it is not to get lost in difficult situations and know how to act.
Special
It is carried out in emergency cases, when it is necessary to convey information to the staff about changes in regulations about traffic safety, about the need to change the route of traffic or about a "terrifying" accident on the road, about the threat of a possible terrorist act.
Information about the pre-trip briefing of drivers on road safety is not entered in the log, it is noted in the waybill.
Pre-trip briefing
The pre-trip briefing of drivers on road safety refers to the current one and is carried out official assigned responsibility for such activities. The following information must be included in the program:
- what is the nature of the road conditions on the route, dangerous places along the route;
- weather forecast for the day;
- what properties does the cargo have, if we are talking about cargo transportation;
- what safety measures the driver must observe when transporting people;
- if there are specific conditions on the route, how should the driver behave in emergency situations;
- rest and nutrition regimen;
- the responsibility of the driver for the serviceability of the vehicle along the entire route;
- the order of stops and parking, what measures must be taken to protect the cargo;
- the procedure for crossing railway crossings;
- what measures should be taken to safely carry out loading and unloading operations, how to properly secure the load;
- liability for unreasonable deviation from the route.
Instructions for transporting children
Pre-trip briefing of drivers on road safety in case of transportation of children, in addition to general information, should include the requirements of Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 117 of December 17, 2013. In particular, a vehicle that has been in operation for more than 10 years cannot be used to transport children. Cars must be equipped with GLONASS equipment and a tachograph. The sign "Transportation of children" must be installed. In this case, the following points should be included in the approximate topics of driver briefings:
- features and rules for disembarking and embarking children;
- schedule of technical stops, for example, every 50 minutes, but not less than every 100 km;
- stops for meals, every 3 or 5 hours;
- overnight stay.
The main thing is that children cannot be transported from 11 pm to 6 am, only in extreme cases, for example, to travel to the airport or train station. It is also possible to move a vehicle with an organized group of children at night if there is a delay on the route and no more than 50 km are left until the end of the trip.
Customer, i.e. school or other children's institution ordering transportation services, may put forward separate requirements for drivers, vehicles, of course, within the framework of the current legislation. Such Additional Information is brought to the attention of the driver at the pre-trip briefing.
General requirements
A review of the instructions for drivers gives a full understanding that there are general requirements for road safety and labor protection. So, for example, people who are sick and overworked are not allowed to drive a car. Before being allowed to perform official duties, the driver must undergo a medical examination. Prohibited use alcoholic beverages and narcotic drugs while driving. If the driver is resting in the cab, the engine must be turned off. You can not move in places where there are no driveways for cars. The driver must always have a driver's license, a waybill and be able to provide first aid.
It doesn’t matter what the driver briefing is called, introductory or pre-trip, the main purpose of each of them is to consolidate knowledge about safe methods driving, bring information about the expected danger and weather conditions.
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