Describe the preparation of the vehicle for loading. Rules for organizing loading and unloading operations

From damage and deterioration. Let's take a closer look at these rules.

The type and number of vehicles required for implementation is determined by the carrier depending on the nature and volume of traffic.

The carrier must ensure the timely submission of correct vehicle, suitable for transportation in accordance with () and meeting all sanitary standards. If the carrier submitted a transport that does not meet the previously agreed conditions, the shipper has the right to reject it.

Control over the timely arrival of rolling stock for loading, regulation of its placement, accounting for loading, use of free vehicles, accounting for the time of arrival and departure of vehicles is carried out by the Carrier or the Customer, depending on the accepted transportation scheme.

Before loading semi-trailers, box trailers, containers and tankers, the Customer is obliged to check the suitability of the rolling stock for the carriage of cargo. If damage is found that may affect the integrity or quality of the cargo during transportation, the Customer has the right to refuse to load the cargo into this rolling stock.

When loading and unloading at cargo points, the following types of vehicle placement can be used:

• lateral arrangement– loading and unloading is carried out through the side board of the vehicles;
• end arrangement a - loading and unloading are carried out through the rear side of the vehicle;
• oblique spacing– loading and unloading is carried out simultaneously through the rear and side boards of the vehicle.

Loading, fastening, sheltering, lashing and unloading the vehicle, removal of fasteners and coatings must be carried out by the Customer.

Opening and closing the hatches of tankers, turning pumps on or off, manipulating the hose that is installed on truck must be carried out by the driver.

The carrier, in agreement with the Customer, may undertake the loading and unloading operations. The driver can be involved in these works only with his consent. When loading, the driver can take the cargo from the car, and when unloading, he can deliver it to the car.

If the Carrier has taken upon himself the performance of loading and unloading, he is responsible for the safety of the cargo during the performance of these works.

The customer must keep the loading and unloading areas in proper condition, as well as the access roads to them.

Optional equipment trucks for the transportation of a specific cargo can be made by the Customer only in agreement with the Carrier.

Loading and unloading operations with cargo, the mass of which exceeds 50 kg and it is necessary to lift the cargo to a height of more than 2 m, must be carried out with the use of mechanization ().

When loading in bulk, the cargo should not rise above the level of the sides. If necessary, the main sides need to be increased, but the total height of the rolling stock with cargo should not be more than 4 meters from the road surface, otherwise this cargo will be considered.

The cargo should be placed and secured in such a way as to exclude their falling, dragging, or the possibility of injury to accompanying persons.

Piece loads exceeding the height of the sides of the body should be tied with strong, serviceable rigging (ropes, ropes). It is forbidden to tie loads with metal cables and wire.

Crates, drums and other piece goods must be loaded in such a way as to prevent them from shifting during heavy braking, starting from a standstill, and also on sharp turns. To do this, it is forbidden to leave gaps between them. They must be filled with wooden spacers and spacers of appropriate strength and length.

Between fragile goods (glass, ceramic products, enamelled and aluminum cookware and so on) lay straw, wood shavings or other materials that can protect them from combat and damage.

Loading of goods from a special ("Caution", "Glass", "Do not throw", "Top", "Do not tilt") must be carried out with particular care. They must be placed in the body in such a way that these inscriptions are visible during unloading.

When loading light and heavy loads into the vehicle, the heavy ones should be placed at the bottom, and the light ones at the top. must be evenly distributed between the trailer and the vehicle.

The driver is obliged to check the fastening of the load on the rolling stock in order to ensure the safety of the load, the vehicle and traffic safety conditions. In case of revealing any shortcomings in the fastening and placement of the cargo, the driver is obliged to inform the Customer about this. The consignor is obliged, at the request of the driver, to eliminate all the shortcomings identified by him.

The driver must also check that the dimensions of the cargo correspond to the dimensions indicated in.

The customer is obliged to monitor compliance with labor protection legislation, as well as safety standards during loading and unloading operations. He bears full responsibility for the consequences of non-compliance with these legislative acts. If, according to the contract, loading and unloading operations are carried out by the Carrier, then all obligations to comply with the law and responsibility for the consequences of their failure to comply lie with it.

The time of arrival of the rolling stock for loading is set from the moment when the driver at the point of loading filed, and the time of arrival of the car for unloading - from the moment the driver presents (consignment note) at the point of unloading.

These are the basic rules for loading and unloading cargo, the observance of which will save you from various negative consequences.

CHARTER OF AUTOMOBILE TRANSPORT OF THE RSFSR)

1. Loading of goods on a vehicle, securing, sheltering and lashing of goods must be carried out by the consignor, and unloading of goods from the vehicle, removal of fasteners and coatings - by the consignee.

The consignor and the consignee, respectively, close and open the sides of the vehicles and the hatches of the tankers, lower and remove the hoses from the hatches of the tankers, screw and unscrew the hoses.

In cases where at the checkpoints of the consignor (consignee) in accordance with established rules the cargo is inspected with the removal of the tarpaulin and the shelter of the goods after the inspection, the opening and closing of the hatches of tanks, etc., these operations are performed by the consignor (consignee).

2. The motor transport company or organization may, by agreement with the consignor or consignee, take over the loading and unloading of:

a) container, piece and rolling - barrel cargo delivered by a trade enterprise and Catering with a small turnover;

b) other goods if the motor transport enterprise or organization has means of mechanization for loading and unloading operations. In this case, the annual contract for the carriage of goods by road should provide for conditions that ensure the maximum use of loading and unloading mechanisms; the obligation of the consignor to carry out preliminary preparation of goods (palletization, containers, etc.) and provide a place for parking and minor repairs of loading and unloading mechanisms, as well as office space for changing rooms and rest for workers.

The agreement of a motor transport enterprise or organization with a consignor and consignee may provide for the participation of a driver in loading and unloading cargo in the manner prescribed in the Rules for labor protection at work. road transport.

If the driver participates in loading or unloading, the driver, during loading, takes the cargo from the side of the vehicle, and during unloading, the cargo is delivered by the driver onto the side of the vehicle.

3. In the event that motor transport enterprises or organizations, by agreement with the consignors (consignees), assume the production of loading and unloading operations, they are liable for damage to or damage to the cargo during loading and unloading that occurred through their fault.

4. When transporting construction and other goods in mass quantities, motor transport enterprises or organizations are obliged to organize the operation of vehicles, and consignors and consignees are obliged to ensure the acceptance and release of goods every day in at least two shifts, including on weekends and holidays, not allowing these days to reduce the volume of loading and unloading operations.

5. The consignor and consignee are obliged to maintain loading and unloading sites, as well as access roads to them in good condition at any time of the year to ensure unhindered passage and maneuvering of rolling stock, as well as to provide adequate lighting for work in the evening and at night.

6. Shipper and motor transport company or an organization when transporting goods are obliged, within the limits of the volumes of goods specified in the order (application) of the consignor (consignee), to load the rolling stock until its capacity is fully used, but not exceeding its carrying capacity.

In the case of mass transportation of light cargo (including agricultural cargo), a motor transport company or organization is obliged to increase the sides or take other measures to ensure an increase in the use of the carrying capacity of the rolling stock.

When loading bulk cargo transported in bulk, the surface of the cargo should not protrude beyond the upper edges of the sides of the rolling stock in order to prevent spillage of the cargo during movement.

7. Piece cargo transported without containers (metal bars, pipes, etc.), the acceptance and loading of which is impossible without a significant loss of time, must be combined by the consignor into larger loading units by tying into bundles or coils of wire in 3 - 5 places. The strength of the tie must be such that it is possible to lift the crane hook by any wire tie.

8. Heavy loads without containers must have special devices for slinging: ledges, frames, loops, eyes, etc.

When transported on pallets, individual packages are stacked on them in such a way that it is possible to check the quantity without disturbing their position on the pallet and fastening (with the exception of closed box pallets transported behind the seals of the consignor).

9. Cargo must be stowed in the rolling stock and securely fastened so that there is no shift, fall, pressure on the doors, abrasions or damage to the cargo during transportation, and the safety of the rolling stock during loading, unloading and en route is ensured.

It is prohibited to fasten cargo with nails, brackets and other means that damage the rolling stock.

10. Equipment necessary for loading and transport, auxiliary materials(goats, racks, trays, wire, shield fences, sills, etc.), as well as the means necessary for warming the goods (blankets, mats, etc.), must be provided and installed by the consignor and removed by the consignee. Tarpaulins, ropes for shelter and lashing of loads are provided by a motor transport enterprise or organization with payment according to tariffs.

11. Additional equipment and equipment of vehicles for the carriage of certain cargo can be carried out by the consignor only in agreement with the motor transport enterprise or organization.

12. Motor transport enterprises or organizations may, under an agreement with the consignor and at his expense, re-equip car bodies.

13. All devices belonging to the consignor are issued by the motor transport enterprise or organization to the consignee together with the cargo or returned to the consignor in accordance with his indication in the consignment note at his expense.

14. The driver is obliged to check the compliance of the stowage and fastening of cargo on the rolling stock with the requirements of traffic safety and ensuring the safety of the rolling stock, as well as to inform the consignor of the noticed irregularities in the stowage and fastening of the cargo that threaten its safety. The consignor, at the request of the driver, is obliged to eliminate the detected irregularities in the packing and securing of the cargo.

Based on traffic safety requirements, the driver is obliged to check the compliance of the dimensions of the cargo with the Rules traffic, as well as the state of securing and lashing the cargo, which should prevent the cargo from shifting outside the body or falling out of the body.

15. The consignor and the consignee are obliged to ensure control over compliance with safety regulations in the production of loading and unloading operations and bear full responsibility for accidents that occurred as a result of their failure to comply with these rules.

When carrying out loading and unloading operations by a motor transport enterprise or organization, the responsibility for ensuring control over compliance with safety regulations in the production of loading and unloading operations, as well as responsibility for accidents that occurred as a result of non-compliance with these rules, is borne by the motor transport enterprise or organization.

16. The terms for loading cargo onto a vehicle and unloading cargo, as well as the terms for performing additional operations related to loading and unloading cargo, are established by the rules for applying tariffs. The specified time limits also apply in cases of loading trailers and semi-trailers.

The time of arrival of the car for loading is calculated from the moment the driver presents the waybill at the point of loading, and the time of arrival of the car for unloading - from the moment the driver presents the bill of lading at the point of unloading.

If available at loading and unloading points (except stations railways) entrance gate, or checkpoints, or cargo analysis laboratories, the time of arrival of the car for loading or unloading is calculated from the moment the driver presents the waybill or waybill to the consignor or consignee at the entrance gate, or at the checkpoint, or in the laboratory.

Loading and unloading are considered completed after the delivery to the driver of properly executed commodity-transport documents for the loaded or unloaded cargo.

The time of the car run from the gate or checkpoint to the place of loading or unloading and back is excluded when calculating the time the car is under loading or unloading.

If the car arrives for loading before the agreed time, the car is considered to have arrived for loading at the agreed time, if the consignor does not accept it for loading from the moment of actual arrival.

Consignors, consignees are obliged to note in the bill of lading the time of arrival and departure of vehicles from points of loading and unloading.

The time of the car run from the gate or checkpoint to the place of loading or unloading and back, which is excluded when calculating the time the car is under loading or unloading, is determined in the contract for the carriage of goods by road.

17. Loading and unloading of goods in the part not provided for by the Charter of Road Transport of the RSFSR and this section of the Rules is carried out in accordance with the rules of transportation certain types cargo.

4 . Rules for loading, unloading, placing and securing cargo on a vehicle

4.1. To carry out loading and unloading operations with goods carried by vehicles, consignors and consignees must have loading and unloading areas with access roads to them, ensuring unhindered passage and maneuvering of vehicles, as well as the ability to work at night with proper lighting for workers. places.

4.2. Loading and unloading sites must be equipped with machines and devices for mechanized loading and unloading of goods; ensure compliance with fire, sanitary and environmental standards; ensure the safety of the cargo and the safety of the personnel working at these sites; have, if necessary, weight and other equipment for determining the mass and quality of the transported cargo, as well as telephone and other means of communication.

The number and equipment of loading (unloading) posts with devices for loading and unloading operations at the sites should correspond to the type and volume of the cargo being transported and ensure minimal downtime of vehicles during loading and unloading.

4.3. Loading of cargo onto a vehicle, securing, lashing and sheltering cargo, opening and closing the sides of the platform, tank hatches, lowering and removing hoses from tank hatches, screwing and unscrewing hoses, removing and installing removable awnings at loading points is carried out by the consignor; unloading of cargoes, removal of fastenings and shelters of cargo, as well as performance of the operations noted above with platform sides, removable awnings, hatches and hoses of tanks at unloading points is carried out by the consignee, unless otherwise provided by an agreement between them.

When cargo is loaded by the consignor, the responsibility for damage and damage to the cargo during loading, as well as for the consequences of improper fastening and placement of the cargo in the vehicle body (damage to the cargo during transportation, its displacement, overturning) lies with the consignor.

The carrier must control the processes of loading, fastening and placement of cargo in the body of the vehicle carried out by the consignor, closing the sides (hatches) and others specified in clause 4.3. operations, except for those cases when the representative of the carrier is not admitted to the place of loading of the cargo. If the consignor fails to comply with the requirements of the carrier for the placement and securing of goods, as well as other requirements specified in paragraph 4.3. operations, the carrier may refuse to carry out the carriage of goods with compensation to him by the consignor of the corresponding costs.

In the event of disagreement between the carrier and the shipper regarding the security of the stowage and securing of the cargo, the shipper must provide documentary proof of the safety by the signature of his competent authorized person on the bill of lading.

4.4. Before starting the movement and on the way, the driver is obliged, if there is an objective possibility, to control the placement, fastening and condition of the cargo in the body of the vehicle in order to prevent it from shifting and falling. If the placement, fastening, condition of the load pose a threat to road safety, the driver must take measures to eliminate the danger or stop further movement.

4.5. The carrier under a contract for the carriage of goods with the customer (consignor or consignee) may assume the performance of loading and unloading operations on the terms provided for in the relevant contract, taking into account the customer's preliminary preparation of cargo, the provision of parking spaces and minor repairs of loading and unloading machines and devices carrier, office space for changing rooms and rest areas for workers.

In the event that the carrier, under an agreement with the customer, assumes the performance of loading and unloading operations, placement and securing of cargo in the body of the vehicle and other operations, liability for damage to the cargo during the performance of these works and for the consequences of improper implementation of the relevant operations lies with carrier.

4.6. The participation of the driver of the vehicle in loading and unloading cargo is possible only with his consent, as well as the consent of the carrier, in a manner that does not contradict the rules of labor protection and safety in the production of loading and unloading operations in road transport. At the same time, when loading, the driver takes the cargo in the body, and when unloading, he delivers the cargo from the vehicle body.

When using vehicles equipped with lifting devices, the control of the lifting device is carried out by the driver of such a vehicle.

4.7. The consignor must ensure that the cargo is loaded into the carrier's vehicle in accordance with the type of cargo agreed in the application/order, its weight and quantity, as well as the time of work.

4.8. When transporting goods with a small volumetric weight, the carrier, in agreement with the consignor, may take measures to ensure an increase in the use of the carrying capacity of the vehicle.

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To prevent loss of loose and bulk cargo during transportation, the consignor must load them in such a way that the surface of the cargo does not protrude beyond the upper edges of the open body of the vehicle. At the same time, the carrier, together with the consignor, ensures that such goods are covered with tarpaulins or other devices.

4.9. Piece cargo, the loading of which onto vehicles and unloading without the use of mechanization requires a lot of time and labor, must be packed in transport packages or containers before loading by the consignor, taking into account the provision of a mechanized method of loading and unloading.

The procedure for forming transport packages and loading containers must comply with the Rules for the carriage of goods in containers and overpacks (section 11 of the Rules), as well as specifications for the manufacture, transportation and storage of products of manufacturers.

4.10. When carrying out loading operations, the consignor is obliged:

a) evenly place loads over the entire floor area of ​​the body of the vehicle or container, preventing eccentric distribution of the load in the body (container) and axle loads in excess of the values ​​established for the vehicle in real road conditions;

b) stack homogeneous piece cargoes in the body of a vehicle (container) in compliance with the same number of tiers and ensure reliable fastening of the upper tier of the stack;

c) place heavier loads closer to the axis of symmetry of the vehicle (container) body;

d) ensure the establishment of the center of gravity of the cargo as low as possible and in the middle of the length of the vehicle body (container);

e) prevent the stowage of cargoes with a higher volumetric weight on cargoes with a lower volumetric weight;

f) fill the gaps between the stack of cargo and the walls of the body (container) using various fasteners (gaskets, inflatable containers and other devices);

g) when loading long loads (pipes, rolled steel, timber, etc.) different sizes, of different lengths and thicknesses, select them the same in each individual row, longer loads should be placed in the lower rows.

4.11. In order to prevent tipping over or shifting of cargo in the body during the movement of the vehicle, the consignor is obliged to securely fasten it in the body of the vehicle using its own means of fastening, unless otherwise provided in the contract of carriage.

4.12. The choice of means of securing goods in the vehicle body (belts, chains, cables, wooden blocks, stops, anti-slip mats, etc.) is carried out by the consignor, taking into account the provision of road safety, the safety of the transported cargo and the vehicle.

4.13. Loads of large mass, which can only be loaded mechanically, must have loops, eyes, protrusions or other special devices for gripping when using lifting machines and devices.

When transporting these goods, based on the need to ensure traffic safety, the driver before starting the movement, as well as during the movement, is obliged to check the condition of the placement and fastening of the cargo on the vehicle.

4.14. Securing the load with nails, staples or other methods that damage the vehicle is not allowed.

4.15. The consignor (consignee) must provide, install and remove trays, belts, wire, other devices and auxiliary materials necessary for loading and transportation, unless otherwise provided in the contract of carriage.

The carrier may, for an additional fee, provide a tarpaulin and other materials for sheltering and lashing cargo, if this is provided for by the contract of carriage.

4.16. For the transportation of certain types of cargo, the carrier, by agreement with the consignor or consignee, can carry out additional equipment of the vehicle body, taking into account the requirements existing standards, rules and regulations.

4.17. Devices for ensuring the safety of goods and performing loading and unloading operations belonging to the consignor are transferred by the carrier to the consignee at the point of unloading together with the cargo or returned to the consignor at the point of loading or another place in accordance with the contract of carriage or indicated in the waybill.

4.18. If the carrier discovers that the stowage or securing of the cargo on the vehicle does not comply with the requirements of road safety, as well as the requirements for ensuring the safety of the cargo or the vehicle, the carrier must notify the customer about this and refuse to carry out the transportation until the customer eliminates the identified deficiencies.

4.19. The time of arrival of the vehicle for loading is calculated from the moment the driver presents the waybill and the identity document to the consignor, and the time of arrival of the vehicle for unloading - from the moment the consignee presents the consignment note at the unloading point.

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When transporting goods in containers with their removal from vehicles, drawn up in such cases with an accompanying statement ( Annex 8 to the Rules), the time of delivery of an empty container to the consignor or a loaded container to the consignee is calculated from the moment the driver presents the accompanying statement: to the consignor at the loading point, and to the consignee at the unloading point.

4.20. The loading of cargo into the vehicle is considered completed if the cargo is loaded into the body of the vehicle and a bill of lading is properly drawn up on it and in it and in waybill necessary marks have been made.

When the carrier submits a vehicle for loading at a previously agreed time, it is considered that the carrier has started to fulfill the contract at the agreed time. In this case, the consignor can accept the vehicle for loading from the moment of its actual arrival.

4.21. The unloading of the arrived cargo is considered completed if the cargo is completely unloaded from the vehicle, the consignee has drawn up a bill of lading, waybill and other documents for the transportation of cargo, and all necessary work body cleaning.

4.22. If the consignor or consignee has an entrance gate or checkpoint, the time of arrival of the vehicle for loading or unloading is calculated from the moment the driver presents the waybill or waybill to the consignor (consignee) at the entrance gate or checkpoint.

4.23. The travel time of a vehicle from the gate or checkpoint to the place of loading or unloading and back is excluded when calculating the time spent by the vehicle under loading or unloading.

4.24. The consignor, the consignee are obliged to mark in the waybill and the consignment note the time of delivery of the vehicle to the points of loading and unloading, and the time of departure from them.

4.25. At the warehouses of forwarding enterprises (terminals), loading and unloading and other works related to the dispatch and receipt of goods (preparation of goods, fastening, shelter and other operations) are performed by these enterprises, unless otherwise established by the contract of carriage.

4.26. After unloading the cargo, the vehicle body or container must be cleaned of cargo residues by the consignee, and after the transportation of dangerous and perishable goods, animals, birds and other goods that pollute the body, washed and, if necessary, steamed or disinfected. The specified operations for cleaning and sanitizing the body of the vehicle, by agreement of the parties, can be performed by the carrier.

4.27. The consignor or consignee bears primary liability to the carrier for damage to the vehicle, respectively, when loading or unloading cargo, as well as in transit due to improper placement and securing of cargo in the amount of actual costs incurred by the carrier for the repair of the vehicle.

4.28. The consignor (consignee) is obliged to ensure loading (unloading) and issue transport and accompanying documents within the time period established by agreement of the parties and calculated from the moment the vehicle arrives for loading or unloading. In the event of excessive downtime of the vehicle during loading or unloading, as well as due to improper execution of transport and accompanying documents or their absence, the guilty party is obliged to pay the carrier a fine in the amount established by agreement of the parties, and in the absence of this agreement - in accordance with the Charter of Road Transport.

4.29. The basic norms for the idle time of cars and road trains at the points of loading and unloading goods are given in Annex 9 to the Rules.

Loading methods - a set of methods and techniques that are aimed at lifting and moving goods. There are several ways to load and unload. Manual or mechanized - the choice of the type of loading is determined by the characteristics of the cargo and the conditions of loading. The time and cost of loading operations depend on the method of loading and unloading.

Of the known ways more common are manual, pallet loading and loading with special lifting equipment.

Manual way

Manual type of loading necessary in cases where we are talking about moving, transportation of piece goods and delicate goods. The manual method of loading and unloading takes place using manual force. It is used when loading furniture, household appliances, instrumentation.

Dignity manual type loading - versatility: it comes to the rescue if it is not possible to use loading equipment. Even the work of loading the pianos is carried out with the help of movers and rigging equipment. In addition, the load space is used more effectively in this way: when loaded into a container or a vehicle body by hand, the load is distributed more compactly.

mechanized way

Mechanized method of loading and unloading used in industry, construction and trade, when loading large consignments of goods and oversized cargo. In this case, various loaders and cranes are used.

When loading equipment and heavy items, apply lifting mechanisms. If you have to transport long loads, without technical means sometimes impossible to do. Works such as loading lumber, rails, beams and other loads of non-standard lengths are carried out using cranes. With this method of loading, fasteners in the form of ropes or cables are provided.

Technical resources are used to optimize loading operations and reduce their time in warehouses and factories. Loads are stacked on pallets and pallets and moved using forklifts. This significantly reduces the time of loading a container or vehicle. However, mechanized loading is not complete without manual labor, after all, laying and securing cargo inside a transport container is a task that only a person can handle.

What are the methods of loading on different types of transport?

The choice of the type of loading is the task of specialists. Professional loading services provided by modern transport companies, carried out using available ways loading. Whether cleaning and loading of snow or an apartment move is planned - before starting work, they calculate possible options choosing the appropriate one from them. Loaders and managers will take into account the rules for loading and unloading goods, which means that the work will be done quickly and safely for your property.