Recommendations when and how to properly fertilize the land for potatoes. Fertilizing plants during planting: general information and methods for different crops in different conditions

A good harvest can only be obtained on good land, and in order for the land to be good, it must be fertilized. When is the best time to fertilize the soil - in spring or autumn? Timing the application of fertilizer to the soil is of great importance. Many agronomists believe that those who fertilize the land with manure taken out in winter make a big mistake. The benefit is minimal. Fertilize the land should be in the spring, leaving the manure to lie for a month and a half before plowing. In this case, the fertilizer efficiency will almost double. About varieties, timing of application to the soil and effectiveness various kinds fertilizers and will be discussed in this article.

Timing of fertilization in the spring

Experts consider the spring season the most favorable time for introducing all types of fertilizers into the soil: organic, necessarily pre-prepared, mineral, taken in strictly defined doses, as well as their mixtures. They begin the procedure for fertilizing garden soil after the completion of the melting of the snow cover. Some amateur gardeners practice spreading fertilizer over the snow, but with this method, the applied substances can “float away” from the site along with melt water.

Fruit trees can be fertilized without waiting for the near-stem soil to completely thaw. Vegetable and flower crops It is recommended to feed immediately before planting. In order not to forget what fertilizers, where and when to apply, you need to make a plan in advance. In this case, all plants are guaranteed to receive the necessary trace elements in the optimal amount for their development. When fertilizing, you can not act on the principle: the more the better. Because organic and minerals applied in excess can adversely affect the condition of the crops grown. Mineral fertilizers and mixed top dressings require special care. When working with these types of fertilizers, you must follow the doses indicated on the label.

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Soil types by consistency

To begin with, we need to understand what we have in order for the use of fertilizers in the garden to be competent. There are such types of soil according to the consistency:

Sandy, sandy, clayey and loamy. To determine what kind of soil is in your area, you can do the following test. Put some earth in a bowl, add water to make something similar to dough. We need to try to make a bagel. If you manage to do this without difficulty, the "donut" does not crack - the soil is clayey - consider yourself lucky. If it cracks a little, breaks - loamy. If the bagel cannot even be molded, everything crumbles - sandy or sandy loam.

Garden owners with CLAY OR LOAM SOIL you need to ensure that a dry crust does not form on the top layer (loose under each bush), and also that there is no stagnation of water. Such land needs to receive fertilizers in the spring, such as: sand, peat, manure (if possible - rotted - under perennials- up to 10 kilograms per 1 sq.m., for the rest - up to 7 kg.). And if you add chopped twigs or straw, then you will greatly facilitate your digging. If you apply the above-mentioned top dressings from year to year for many years, then the soil will change in the right direction.

SANDY AND SANDY SOILS also have their pros and cons. This type of earth heats up well and quickly, but it does not store this heat well, and it contains quite a few microelements. When the digging of the garden is in full swing in the spring, you need to make compost and peat. To improve the ability sandy soil to retain moisture, also for its fertility, experienced gardeners and gardeners mix the available land with turf. It will also only benefit mineral fertilizers, selected and purchased for each separate culture most suitable.

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MAIN RULE in the application of fertilizers to your land is to prevent an overabundance of trace elements, which can harm both plants and people. Be sure to read and follow the instructions on the packaging of all fertilizers.

Application of organic and mineral fertilizers in the spring to the soil

In spring, the earth must be saturated with the substances necessary for plants on initial stage growth. When asked which fertilizers are better, one can answer that both mineral and organic substances can be used. Most best option- their combination.

How to fertilize the ground in spring with organic fertilizers

The best time to apply organics is in the spring, after the snow has melted. Many people prefer to spread fertilizer directly on the snow. But then they can be washed away with melt water and then the plants themselves will not have enough useful components. The most important thing is to be in time before the start of plowing.

The organic ones are

• humus,
• ash,
• compost,
• moor,
• bird droppings or manure.

The most versatile and well-known organic fertilizer is humus. It can be found in almost all gardening plots, because every summer resident tries to provide himself with it. The recommended rate is one bucket per square meter. Method of application - before digging up the site, scatter in an even layer.

Organic substances fill the earth with necessary substances, and provide positive influence on the composition of the soil. But you shouldn't get too carried away with them. Spring top dressing is preferable. No more than once in 3-4 years on heavy clay soils. On sandstones a little less often - once every 2 years.

Determining how much nitrogen is contained in compost or humus is difficult. Therefore, do not get too carried away with top dressing. An overabundance of organic matter can lead to negative results. For young seedlings, this can be fatal. brown leaves, a light coating on the plants themselves and around them is a sign of the appearance of a fungus. To prevent the appearance of fungus, along with humus, it is necessary to add ash to the ground with dolomite flour. This will neutralize the soil.

The main disadvantage of manure is the presence of seeds of various weeds in it. Weeds are in it with bedding, with animal feed. Once in the soil, the seeds germinate, clogging the area with weeds. Fresh manure in the spring is not used!

The introduction of organic matter in the spring has a beneficial effect on the structure of the soil and plant growth. It is even better to feed the earth using a combination of organic and mineral substances. For example, compost is well mixed with lime. Peat compost (a mixture of peat with manure) is mixed with phosphate rock.

How to fertilize the earth in spring with mineral fertilizers

Since organic top dressing feeds the soil mainly with nitrogen, plants can experience potassium and phosphorus starvation, which will negatively affect the initial stage of development. Therefore, it is necessary to use agrochemicals that will restore the nutritional balance. The norms for applying mineral fertilizers in the spring are as follows:

• phosphorus (superphosphate) - 250 g / m²;
• potash (or wood ash) - 200 g / m²;
• nitrogen (nitrate, carbamide, urea) - 300g / m². Nitrogen fertilizers are applied only if the soil has not received organic matter.

Ready-made mineral top dressings help to correctly calculate the dose of application. They reduce the labor intensity of fertilizing work when planting, and guarantee a predictable result.

Pest Control Articles

They nourish and protect plants. For example, the Kristallon complex contains not only necessary set nutritious macro- and microelements, but also increases immunity, protecting the plant from fungus.

And especially for potatoes, which are grown in almost every garden, a ready-made organomineral complex "Bulba" has been developed. They cultivate the soil before planting to stimulate the germination of bushes. Mineral fertilizers must be applied to the soil every year. They are quickly absorbed by plants, and therefore their supply is quickly depleted.

The main problem with spring fertilization of the soil mineral fertilizers– they can be washed too quickly into the lower layers of the soil during precipitation, and leave the land along with groundwater. Therefore, they must be applied a few days before planting, or scattered into the grooves between the rows of garden plants and in the near-stem circles of garden trees.

How to fertilize the earth in spring with organo-mineral fertilizers

They are humic compositions of mineral and organic substances. Each drug is used for individual scheme, but there is also general rules. For open soil spraying is used, and for closed - surface irrigation, drip irrigation, sprinkling and manual spraying on the leaves. For seed treatment, 300-700 ml of fertilizers are used per ton of seeds, for foliar feeding - 200-400 mm per 1 hectare of crops, for spraying - 5-10 ml per 10 liters of water, and for drip irrigation- 20-40 ml per 1000 liters of water for irrigation.

Separately, it is worth mentioning plants that improve the soil. These include rape, oil radish, rapeseed, turnip and others. Until recently, only lupine was used to improve the soil, which enriched the earth with nitrogenous mineral fertilizers, but recently other equally useful and effective plants have become known.

For example, after harvesting, you can sow a plot with rape, which, before the onset of frost, will have time to sprout and grow to a plant with 6-8 leaves in a rosette. In early spring, after the snow has melted, it will begin to grow intensively and should be plowed into the soil before the beginning of May. After that, the earth will be enriched with mineral and organic substances and improve the structure. In addition, rapeseed contains a large number of phytoncides that destroy pathogens in the soil.

If there is a possibility of non-use land plot a whole year, then you can sow it with oilseed radish. In this case, the soil will receive the necessary norm of nutrients, and there will be much less weeds. Approximately 70 grams of radish seeds go to one hundred square meters of land. For uniform sowing, it is better to mix the seeds with river sand.

To get a rich harvest, we suggest that you keep this quick fertilizer reminder.

Soil acidity

The acidity of the soil is important for the absorption of fertilizers. For the growth and proper development of plants, the pH should be at the level of 6.5.

In alkaline soils, where pH > 7, elements necessary for plants are poorly assimilated: phosphorus, iron, zinc, manganese.

Acidic soils with pH = 4-5.5 hinder the absorption of calcium, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus and sulfur.

pH scale

To determine the pH using an analyzer, you need to make several holes throughout the area, fill them with distilled water and, each time wiping the probe, measure the indicators. Next, calculate the average, which should be guided.

You can determine the acidity of the soil without equipment using vinegar and soda. To do this, you need to collect land in two containers. Pour vinegar into one, distilled water into the other and pour soda on top. If the reaction went in the first container, the earth is alkaline, if soda hissed, it is acidic.

Soil acidity can be neutralized by adding wood ash, slaked lime, ground limestone, shell rock or chalk. Application rates: 250-600 g/m2 depending on soil type.

You can acidify the soil with organic matter. But for heavy clay soils, ferrous sulfate, sulfur and ammonia fertilizers are used according to the manufacturer's instructions. The introduction of organic fertilizers to acidify clay soils will have the opposite effect.

ORGANIC FERTILIZERS

It's natural natural fertilizers vegetable or animal origin. In addition to changing the structure of the soil, they have a positive effect on its chemical composition, enriching the soil with elements necessary for plants.

Manure

Under the general term "manure" lies a variety of organic fertilizers. This fertilizer enriches the earth with calcium, potassium, nitrogen, manganese, sulfur and phosphorus.

IMPORTANT! Do not use fresh manure, as in the process of decay it releases substances that are harmful to plants.

In rotted form, manure is suitable for most horticultural crops.

Cow dung contains a lot of potassium, calcium and nitrogen. They bring it in the fall for deep digging 3-4 kg / m 2.

Rabbit manure and bird droppings are rich in nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus. It is embedded in the ground in autumn at 300-400 g / m 2.

Horse, sheep and goat manure is a source of nitrogen and potassium, has a short decomposition time and high heat transfer, which makes it a valuable fertilizer for greenhouses. They bring 4-6 kg / m2, embedding in the ground during autumn or spring digging.

Pig manure is useless. There are few nutrients in it, and it itself can cause various infections.

Ash

Wood ash contains phosphorus, potassium, manganese, magnesium, molybdenum, zinc, sulfur and large amounts of calcium. Ash contributes to the growth and proper development of plants, improves their winter hardiness, and also helps to absorb nutrients. Suitable for fertilizing almost all types of fruit and vegetable crops. Application rates: 300-500 g/m 2 . Ash cannot be used for blueberries, rhododendrons and azaleas.

Peat

Peat makes the soil breathable and comfortable for plant growth. For these purposes, low-lying peat with a high degree of decomposition or treated with lime is used. Peat is rich in humus. The use of peat is justified only in the case of infertile soils. Peat is introduced after digging, intervening in upper layer soil, or use as mulch throughout the season. Application rate: 4-8 kg/m 2 .

Mineral fertilizers

These are products chemical industry. Useful substances in them are in a concentrated state. Mineral fertilizers are divided into simple and complex (complex).

SIMPLE FERTILIZERS

nitrogen fertilizers

Nitrogen fertilizers significantly increase yields and make plants resistant to pests and some diseases. This type of fertilizer is suitable for all crops except legumes. Nitrogen mineral fertilizers, especially their nitrate form, contribute to the accumulation of nitrates in the soil.

Nitrogen urea, better known as urea, is the leader in nitrogen content among nitrogen fertilizers. It contains up to 45% of this substance. Urea is added only deepening, otherwise the nitrogen will begin to evaporate. Application rates depend on the plant - for example, 10 g / m 2 is enough for cucumbers, 20 g / m 2 for tomato and pepper.

Ammonium nitrate contains up to 35% nitrogen. They bring it in advance, even before the soil thaws, at the rate of 15-20 g / m 2.

cyanamide contains 19% nitrogen. They bring it into the still frozen soil due to the slow decay.

sodium nitrate contains up to 17% nitrogen, but it is well absorbed even in acidic soils. Saltpeter is added at 30-35 g/m 2 . Suitable for feeding plants with a formed root system.

Phosphate fertilizers

Simple superphosphate contains up to 25% phosphorus, double superphosphate - about 50%. A month before the introduction of superphosphate, ash is introduced into the soil. The norm for seedlings is 30 g / m 2, in greenhouses - up to 100 g / m 2.

Phosphorite flour used in acidic soils. Increases the plant's immunity to pests and cold weather. In addition to phosphorus, this fertilizer is rich in calcium. Bring it in the fall, before frost. Consumption - 50 g / m2. Phosphorus fertilizers are especially necessary for flowering plants.

Potash

Potassium chloride is suitable for potatoes, beets and almost all cereals. applied to the soil during autumn digging. During the winter, chlorine is washed away, leaving useful potassium in the ground. Application rates - 25 g / m 2.

Potassium sulfate contains up to 50% of the active substance and, unlike potassium chloride, does not contain chlorine. This is one of the favorite cucumber fertilizers. It is applied during spring digging at the rate of 30 g/m 2 .

COMPLEX FERTILIZERS

Nitrophosphate (nitroammophoska) It contains three main substances: nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus. Their exact ratio depends on the manufacturer. The use of nitrophosphate not only cures plants, but also prevents the development of diseases such as scab, black leg, powdery mildew. The increase in yield when using this complex can reach 70%. are improving taste qualities fruits. for potatoes and vegetable seedling it is enough to add 20 g/m 2 , strawberries require up to 40 g/m 2 .

Nitrophoska- This is a slightly different version of the nitrophosphate formula. This fertilizer complex is based on the same phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen.

Ammophos contains potassium, magnesium and phosphorus. This complex is also for greenhouses. Increased resistance of plants to diseases and pests. When digging the soil, the application rate is 20-30 g / m2 in open ground and in greenhouses - up to 50 g / m 2.

Diammophos — universal fertilizer for all types of soils. Contains phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen. Provides plant resistance to diseases, pests, adverse weather conditions. Fertilizer is applied in the spring for digging at 20-30 g / m 2 in open ground and up to 40 g / m 2 - in greenhouses.

Signs and symptoms of lack of fertilizer

Symptoms	Application required
Red-violet hiring on leaves Leaves fly around early Plant stunted	Phosphorus R Diammophos 30 g / m 2 or nitrophoska 25-30 g / m 2
Leaves covered in spots The edges of the leaves twist, wrinkle, die off	Magnesium M g Stop Potassium Application* Dolomite flour 20-30 g/m2 Magnesium sulfate 10-30 g/m 2
The edges of the leaves are burnt Dead zones appear	Potassium Potassium sulfate 10-20 g/m 2 Potassium chloride 10-30 g/m 2
Plant - emaciated, yellowed bad bloom Poorly developed lower leaves	Nitrogen Carbamide 20-DO g/m 2 Azofoska 40 g/m 2
The plant is not growing well The leaves fade, retaining the color of the veins	Iron Iron vitriol 0.5-1 g/l (spraying)
Young leaves and shoots are shriveled, twisted

In the spring, one of the main tasks is to fertilize the soil. What fertilizers to choose for this and how to fertilize the land in the spring in the country, if there is no manure? This will be discussed in this article.

Often green manure is increasingly used as a fertilizer in garden plots. Siderates are plants that are sown and then plowed into the ground, thereby improving its composition. The following crops are used as green manure crops:

• buckwheat;
• wheat
• oats;
• lupine;
• mustard and some other plants.

When sowing plants for fertilizer, those of them are selected that have well-developed roots and a large amount of vegetative mass. Such plants should have a short growth period, which is why they are planted as green manure. . What plants to plant to improve the soil depends on its condition. Grain crops planted as fertilizer are equal in productivity to horse or cow manure.

Green manure is often used as a fertilizer in garden plots.

The root system of such plantings is well branched, it loosens the soil, while enriching it with oxygen., the structure of the soil is improved, the upper layer of the earth is healed. In the process of growing such plantations, the soil is more saturated with moisture, its acidity decreases, and the soil is disinfected. And these positive traits the soil retains for several years after growing green manure on it.

Legumes planted on the site saturate the soil with nitrogen and phosphorus. These elements contribute to the rapid growth of the vegetative mass of horticultural crops and fruit trees. And rye is a supplier of potassium to the soil. Rye grows very fast, so it can be used as a green manure not only in autumn period, but also in the spring, immediately after the snow melts. Marigolds or marigolds should be used to disinfect the area. In order to better deal with Colorado potato beetle on the site, you should regularly use parsnips or alfalfa as green manure.

When choosing what to plant on the site to improve the composition of the soil, it should be remembered that vegetable crops grow better after certain plants. Rye contributes better growth potatoes, tomatoes or cucumbers.

In spring, plants like green manure are usually planted in near-stem circles of fruit trees. These plantings throughout the season will improve the soil with minerals and nitrogen, will not allow weeds to grow and multiply, and at the time of flowering of fruit trees, these plants will attract flying insects and thereby improve the pollination of trees.

Organic fertilizers for summer cottages (video)

Fertilizing the land with manure in spring

In the spring, fresh manure is not introduced into the soil, because it can burn root system landed vegetable plants. Therefore, rotted soil is usually used as top dressing in spring. horse dung or cow. Usually, manure is harvested during the summer and autumn, and only applied to the ground. in early spring. This organic fertilizer saturates the soil with nitrogen, which is essential for cultivated plants during the growth period - this microelement accelerates the growth of shoots and vegetative mass. In addition to nitrogen, manure contains other macro and microelements necessary for the full development of cultivated plants in the garden area.

Usually, manure should be applied to the soil immediately after the snow has melted. Usually, this organic fertilizer is spread over the area just before digging the soil after the ground has warmed up sufficiently after winter. However, when organic fertilizers are applied should be remembered that their excess is also harmful to plants, as well as the shortage. 10 kg of manure is applied per 1 m 2 of soil - this amount of this organic fertilizer is quite enough to saturate the soil with useful substances.

As top dressing of the soil in the spring, rotted horse manure or mullein is usually used.

If there is not too much manure to fertilize the entire garden with it, then this rotted organic fertilizer is applied directly to the planting holes.

As a feed in spring period slurry can also be used. It is prepared as follows: rotted manure is diluted with liquid (5 liters of water are taken per 1 kilogram of manure). Such fruit trees and planted vegetable plants are fertilized with liquid top dressing in spring. Particularly responsive to such feeding berry bushes, strawberry, apple, pear, stone fruit trees.

The introduction of rotted manure improves the composition of the soil, so it is also used as mulch. The introduction of this organic fertilizer helps plants absorb the applied mineral fertilizers faster and better. That's why experienced gardeners and introduce manure into the soil during the spring.

When there was no rotted manure in the spring, it can be replaced with wood ash

How to fertilize the land if there is no manure

When there was no rotted manure in the spring, it can be replaced with other organic matter. It can be:

• chicken manure;
• riding peat;
• rotted compost mass;
• sawdust from trees;
• straw;
• wood ash and other similar fertilizers.

These top dressings, when introduced into the soil, contribute to its loosening, enrich the depleted soil with the necessary macro and microelements, help build up the vegetative mass and develop all cultivated plants on the site.

How to apply mineral fertilizers (video)

When and how to feed the earth in spring with mineral fertilizers

In addition to organics, mineral additives should also be added in the spring. Gardeners select the composition of such fertilizers, taking into account the general condition of the soil, the crops that will be planted in specific areas, and many other factors.

Application term mineral dressings in the spring depends on when the snow melts in the garden. It is not worth scattering such dressings on the snow that has not melted.- most of the fertilizer can "float away" with the melt water. Mineral fertilizers can be applied to tree trunks even when the earth has not completely thawed. But under the planted vegetable crops, mineral supplements are poured directly prepared holes.

The term for applying mineral dressings in the spring depends on when the snow melts in the garden.

In the spring, the following mineral fertilizers are applied to the soil:

1. Containing nitrogen (ammonium nitrate, urea, ammonium sulfate). These top dressings accelerate the gaining of vegetative mass by plants, stimulate the growth of the root system, and contribute to obtaining high yields.
2. Fertilizers containing phosphorus (superphosphates and double superphosphates) are also very important for plants in the spring. After all, these trace elements stimulate the growth of plants, as well as their development. The rate of application of such fertilizers is considered to be 1 glass per 1 m2.

Using mineral fertilizers as spring dressings, it is necessary to strictly adhere to all instructions for the use of these additives, as well as the doses required for application to the soil. This takes into account the types of soil in which fertilizers are applied, and those plants that need to be fed.

The main disadvantage when applying mineral dressings in the spring is their possible leaching from the soil during the spring rains.

When using mineral fertilizers as spring dressings, it is necessary to strictly adhere to all instructions for the use of these additives.

Features of the application of nitrogen fertilizers

When applying nitrogen fertilizers, the following features should be considered:

1. Nitrogen contributes to the growth of the vegetative mass, the rapid growth of shoots and the root system, therefore, it is applied under any plants and trees at a certain period - in spring and early summer - when these cultivated plants are actively growing. But during the period of flowering, fruiting and subsequent preparation for winter, nitrogen should not be applied so as not to provoke excessive foliage growth in trees and shrubs to the detriment of a ripening crop.
2. The amount of nitrogen in the soil should be sufficient for plants, but its excess is harmful. Therefore, you should not get carried away with the introduction of organic fertilizers (especially mullein or other types of manure) and adhere to certain standards when applying such fertilizers.

Nitrogen contributes to the growth of the vegetative mass, the rapid growth of shoots and the root system

Universal fertilizers for horticultural and horticultural crops

There are a large number on sale that contain all the necessary mineral elements and other nutrients needed by plants. The introduction of such complex dressings allows you to immediately introduce into the soil all the elements that are needed. And the composition of such fertilizers can be different- depending on the type of soil and the characteristics of the growth of cultivated plants grown on the site.

When using these dressings, you must follow the instructions for their use and in no case reduce or increase the dosage unnecessarily.

In the spring, along with the awakening of nature, summer residents also become more active, because the hot season is coming. To obtain good harvest in the fall, it is necessary from the beginning of the season to prepare the ground for future beds, picking up necessary fertilizers in required quantities. At the same time, the needs of the crops with which they plan to plant the beds are taken into account. Experienced gardeners know how to feed the garden and how to do it right. A similar question arises, as a rule, for beginners who decide to master the science of growing vegetables and flowers on their site. The need to fertilize the land is dictated by the annual depletion of resources. If you do not enrich the soil with useful nutrients, then the yield will decrease every year.

Experts consider the spring season the most favorable time for applying all types of fertilizers to the soil: organic, necessarily pre-prepared, mineral, taken in strictly defined doses, as well as their mixtures. Start the procedure after the completion of the melting of the snow cover. Some amateur gardeners practice spreading top dressing over the snow, but with this method, the introduced substances can “float away” from the site along with melt water.

Fruit trees can be fed without waiting for the near-stem soil to completely thaw. Vegetable and flower crops are recommended to be fed immediately before planting. In order not to forget what fertilizers, where and when to apply, you need to make a plan in advance. In this case, all plants are guaranteed to receive the necessary trace elements in the optimal amount for their development.

When depositing funds, you cannot act on the principle: the more, the better. Because organic and mineral substances introduced in excess can adversely affect the condition of the crops grown. Mineral and mixed top dressings require special care. When working with these types, you must follow the doses indicated on the label.

Organic top dressing: advantages and disadvantages

Organic include:

• manure or humus;
• bird droppings"
• peat;
• compost.

Organics, which loosen the soil perfectly, contain many useful trace elements. In the village, these fertilizers are in abundance in every farmstead, so they can be bought inexpensively. Considering that organic matter is applied once every three years, too much money will not be required for this. The best effect on soil fertility is humus (rotted manure), which is scattered over the site for three to four weeks before digging the earth and planting vegetables.

For spring application pre-prepared organic fertilizers are suitable for the soil. Decomposed manure, which has turned into humus in a couple of years, increases the fertility of the land many times

A ten-liter bucket of humus is distributed on one square meter of the garden, which can be replaced with peat or compost. Here's how to make your own compost:

Organic top dressing, in addition to obvious advantages, has a number of disadvantages, namely:

• some substances (fresh manure, bird droppings) can simply "burn" the roots of plants;
• a large amount of funds that need to be delivered to the site and distributed with a lot of physical effort;
• the danger of infection with vegetable flies onions and carrots;
• problems with the search in the absence of nearby farms and personal farmsteads;
• strong specific odour.

There is also an interesting Mitlider method, more on the video:

Here is another video example independent production fertilizers:

Minerals - the key to high yields

It is easier to work with mineral fertilizers, as they are sold in concentrated form in all specialized stores. However, when calculating the volume of their introduction, special care must be taken. The dosages recommended by the manufacturers should be followed, depending on the needs of the crops grown in a particular place. garden plot. Granular phosphorus and nitrogen supplements are applied in accordance with established norms into the soil in the spring just before digging it. In this case, useful trace elements will be in close proximity to the root system of plants. The recommended depth of the granules is approximately 20 cm.

Many gardeners are biased towards mineral nutrition, believing that "chemistry" is harmful to the earth and the plants growing on it. Of course, the structure of the soil does not improve from the introduction mineral resources. For this purpose, organic matter is needed. But plants get access to all the trace elements necessary for growth, such as nitrogen and phosphorus. Potassium-based preparations contribute to faster fruit ripening. Complex fertilizers, which include two or even three components in their composition, are able to satisfy the need of plants for all nutrients. Complex top dressings are available in the form of liquid or granules.

Mineral fertilizers in granules are applied in the spring in strictly defined doses to the soil, thereby providing the plants with all the necessary nutrients.

For ten square meters of a garden in the spring, they usually make:

• 300–350 g of nitrogen supplements (ammonium nitrate, urea or urea);
• 250 g - phosphorus agents;
• 200 g - potassium substances that can be replaced with wood ash.

In summer, during intensive plant growth, top dressing is repeated, but the dose of all fertilizers is reduced three times.

Granular superphosphate is a universal nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer suitable for use on all types of soil. Provides nutrition for crops grown in the country or garden

Unlike organic fertilizers, mineral complexes must be applied to the soil annually. And financial resources for the purchase of mineral dressings must be allocated from family budget more. Naturally, the return on investment will not have to wait long. In autumn, the site will delight you with a rich harvest, and flower crops will begin to bring aesthetic pleasure even earlier.

How to fertilize the land in the fall, if there is no manure? This question is asked by many gardeners. After all, autumn is the perfect time to fertilize. AT winter period the soil rests, and all the organisms that are in it allow you to process useful components. In addition, fertilizing in the fall allows you to prepare the garden and garden for spring.

Synthetic or natural

After harvesting, it is necessary for the next season. However, not all summer residents know how to fertilize the land in the fall if there is no manure? Someone thinks that it is better to use several complex mixes at once. And someone, on the contrary, recommends using various fertilizers separately. This is the wrong approach. After all, some natural and synthetic additives can lose most of their useful properties during the winter.

In order to use fertilizers correctly, you need to know exactly which one can be applied to the soil in the fall, and which one should be left until spring. In addition, it should be noted that not all additives are universal. Some can only be used for trees, while others can only be used for soil intended for planting vegetables.

bird droppings

So, how to fertilize the land in the fall, if there is no manure. Bird droppings are considered the most concentrated organic fertilizer. This dressing is ideal for strawberries. However, it is very difficult to apply such fertilizer in spring and summer. After all, bird droppings are a caustic substance that can ruin a plant. Especially if the solution got on the roots of the bush. In addition, top dressing must be carefully prepared. Bird droppings are fermented, then defended and diluted with water.

It is best to use this fertilizer in the fall. Such organic matter can be introduced into the soil, which will then be dug up. Bird droppings do not need to be prepared and bred. Moreover, there is no need to fertilize annually. In addition, it can adversely affect the condition of the plants. It is better to bring bird droppings into the ground once every few years.

Compost application

How to fertilize the land in the fall, if there is no manure and bird droppings? In this case, many summer residents use compost, distributing it throughout the site. Often such fertilizer is dug up along with the soil. You can also cover the ground with compost in a continuous layer just before plowing. However, according to experts, these are not the most effective methods.

After the entire crop has been removed from the beds, all weeds should be weeded out. After that, the soil does not need to be dug up. It should be covered with a uniform layer of compost. In conclusion, it is recommended to pour the supplement with an EM preparation, previously diluted in accordance with the instructions. After processing, the earth should be loosened with a Fokin flat cutter and not touched until spring. This method of composting allows you to maintain soil fertility. The earth does not turn sour.

What plants are suitable for

Thanks to this top dressing in the spring, additional top dressing is not necessary. Suitable fertilizer for potatoes. In autumn, compost is distributed over the site, and tubers are planted in spring. Harvest dates are shifted by about 2 weeks. It should be noted that this fertilizer is suitable for all early vegetable crops.

What fertilizers to apply in the fall under fruit trees? Many advise using compost. After all, the garden also needs additional nutrition. It should be noted that such a substrate is often used to protect the root zone of all fruit trees. To do this, the compost is laid in a fairly thick layer around the trunk along the entire diameter. Fertilizer is left here until spring. When the first warm days come, the soil near the trunks must be carefully loosened. Thanks to such manipulations, the useful components contained in the substrate penetrate deep into the soil and begin to nourish the roots of trees and shrubs.

Is it worth using ash

Apply organic fertilizers in the fall to the soil should be wisely. To natural dressings it is worth taking the ashes as well. This substance is rich in potassium. It is usually introduced into heavy, clay soils. If the soil is soft, then it makes no sense to use quality. It will be washed out by spring meltwater from the soil structure. As for the application rate, then 1 square meter only a glass of ash is required.

It is worth noting that this fertilizer is ideal not only for replenishing potassium reserves in the soil, but also for combating some pests that can cause severe damage to certain crops. To do this, the area that will be used for planting garlic and onions must be carefully sprinkled with ash. This should be done on the last warm autumn days. The ash should cover the beds with a fairly dense layer at least 1 centimeter thick.

This organic fertilizer can be used to protect winter garlic and bow. In this case, the amount of ash is recommended to be reduced. The thickness of the layer should be no more than 20 millimeters.

Superphosphate

What fertilizers are applied in the fall to the soil? It can be not only organic top dressing, but also synthetic. For example, superphosphate. The main component of this compound is phosphorus. This substance is heavier than the rest dissolves in the soil. Therefore, it is recommended to make such supplements in the fall. Phosphate fertilizers are the main group of fertilizers. For 6 months, the active component has time to completely dissolve. AT summer period Phosphorus is an excellent nutrient base for any plant.

How much to deposit

Fertilizers for digging in the fall should be applied in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. If there are no instructions on the package, then you should adhere to the following rules:

1. Monophosphate (simple superphosphate) - 40 to 50 grams are required per 1 m 2.
2. Double superphosphate - 20 to 30 grams are required per 1 m 2.
3. Superphosphate granulated - 1 m 2 requires from 35 to 40 grams.

As for ammoniated superphosphate, it is not used for autumn application. After all, such a fertilizer is enriched with nitrogen, which is lost during the winter. Many experts recommend adding preparations containing potassium to the soil along with superphosphates. Without this component, phosphorus will not dissolve well.

Is it possible to use phosphate rock

So, what fertilizers are applied in the fall to the soil? This list includes phosphate rock. It is used for fertilizing impoverished and leached chernozems, which are being prepared for spring liming. This supplement is of natural origin. These are crushed rocks.

Many experts recommend applying such fertilizers for digging in the fall along with manure. This contributes to a better dissolution of phosphorus in the soil. In addition, it is not suitable for every plant, as it contains calcium. The main advantage of the supplement is the natural composition. This fertilizer is absolutely safe for humans.

Organic fertilizer - urea

Fertilizing the soil in autumn important process. For these purposes, you can use urea. It refers to nitrogen supplements. The second name of the substance is urea. Main active substance- nitrogen of the amide form. Thanks to this component, urea can be applied to the soil in the fall. Indeed, during this period, it makes no sense to use nitrogen fertilizers. As for urea, the main substance in it is contained in the amide form. This prevents nitrogen from leaving the soil.

How to use urea

So, what fertilizers to apply in the fall under fruit trees, and which ones to use for beds? Urea is usually used in combination with phosphorus additives. Of course, nitrogen fertilizer can be applied in the spring. However, the time for this will be much less. To fertilize the soil, superphosphate should be neutralized with limestone or chalk. In this case, it is worth observing the proportions. For 1 kilogram of superphosphate, 100 grams of limestone or chalk is required. Two parts of carbamide should be added to one part of such a mixture. The mixture should be mixed and then applied to the soil. For 1 m 2, from 120 to 150 grams of the finished composition is required.

As for fruit trees, urea in combination with manure should be used for top dressing. In this case, the amount of carbamide should be less. For 1 m 2, from 40 to 50 grams will be enough. In this case, it is worth considering which tree the fertilizer will be applied under. For example, to feed an apple tree, 40 grams of superphosphate, 70 grams of urea and 5 buckets of animal organics are required.

Potassium sulfate

Fertilizing the soil in autumn is of particular importance. Calcium sulphate is an additive that is used in combination with phosphate and nitrogen supplements. Such a preparation is often used to fertilize the soil around gooseberry, currant and raspberry bushes. In addition, the supplement is suitable for feeding garden strawberries and strawberries.

Potassium sulphate, which was introduced into the soil in the fall, allows shrubs to easily overwinter. At the same time, the percentage of survival of horticultural crops increases even with severe frosts. As for the dosage, 1 m 2 requires no more than 30 grams of fertilizer.

Calcium chloride

A similar substance is used as a fertilizer for potatoes. In autumn, the drug is scattered over the fields. suitable for the soil to be applied for spring planting chlorine intolerant plants. This substance is an unstable element. Six months after the application of such a fertilizer, chlorine will partially disappear or dissolve in melt water. At the same time, calcium will be well preserved in the soil. It is recommended to apply no more than 20 grams of such fertilizer per 1 m 2.

It is not recommended to introduce microelements individually into the ground in the autumn period, since only a small part of them will remain by spring. As a result, the substances will not be able to affect the yield of plants.