What temperature should be in central heating batteries. What temperature should be in the apartment during the heating season
Heat / Heating batteries
Problems with heating during the heating season and the cold in the apartment can be a reason to go to court. By law, batteries must warm the room no lower than the temperature established by special regulations.
What should be the temperature in the apartment? Legal requirements
Temperature in living quarters apartment building determined by the "Rules for the provision utilities owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings", as well as" GOST R 51617-2000. State standard Russian Federation. Housing and communal services. General specifications.»
The "Rules for the provision of public services" states that in residential premises the temperature should not be lower than +18 ° C (in corner rooms - +20 ° C). And in areas with the temperature of the coldest five-day period of -31 ° C and below, the air temperature in residential premises should not be lower than +20 ° C (in corner rooms - +22 ° C).
At night (from 00:00 to 05:00) the air temperature in the apartment can drop by no more than 4 °C. AT daytime temperature drop below regulatory level not allowed.
At the same time, GOST R 51617-2000 (State standard of the Russian Federation. Housing and communal services. General specifications. approved Decree of the State Standard of Russia dated June 19, 2000 N 158-st) establishes a minimum level of air temperature for certain types of premises in an apartment.
| room | The air temperature in the rooms cold period year, °C |
| Living room of an apartment or hostel | 18 (20 ) |
| The same, in areas with the temperature of the coldest five-day period (security 0.92) minus 31 °C and below | 20 (22 ) |
| Kitchen of the apartment and hostel, cube: | 18 |
| Drying cabinet for clothes and shoes in the apartment | - |
| Bathroom | 25 |
| Restroom individual | 18 |
| Combined restroom and bathroom | 25 |
| The same, with individual heating | 18 |
| Washroom | 18 |
| Shared shower room | 25 |
| Common restroom | 16 |
| Dressing room for cleaning and ironing clothes, washroom in the hostel | 18 |
| Vestibule, common corridor, anteroom in the apartment building, stairwell | 16 |
| Lobby, common corridor, stairwell in the hostel | 18 |
| Laundry room | 15 |
| Ironing, drying room in hostels | 15 |
| Storage rooms for personal belongings, sports equipment; household and linen in the hostel | 12 |
| Isolation room in the hostel | 20 |
| Elevator machine room | 5 |
| Garbage chamber | 5 |
Notes: In the corner rooms of apartments and dormitories, the air temperature should be 2 °C higher than the specified
How to measure the temperature of the air in your apartment?
The current "Rules for the provision of public services" explain the situation as follows:
... Measurement of air temperature in residential premises is carried out in a room (if there are several rooms, in the largest living room), in the center of planes spaced from inner surface outer wall and a heating element by 0.5 m and in the center of the room (the point of intersection of the diagonal lines of the room) at a height of 1 m. In this case, the measuring instruments must comply with the requirements of the standards (GOST 30494-96) ...
What to do if the temperature in your apartment drops below normal?
If you find that your apartment is colder than required by law, you must notify your emergency dispatch service. The application can be made both in writing and orally (by phone call).
The duty officer is obliged to register your application and set the time for the verification.
The time for the inspection is appointed no later than 2 hours from the moment the consumer receives a message about the violation of the quality of the utility service, unless a different time is agreed with the consumer.
Upon completion of the audit, an audit report is drawn up. If during its course the fact of a violation of the quality of the utility service is established, then the inspection report indicates the date and time of the inspection, the identified violations of the quality parameters of the utility service, the methods (tools) used during the inspection to identify such violations, conclusions about the date and time of the beginning of the violation of the quality of the utility services.
Cold in the apartment: what compensation can you expect?
If no one comes to you, or comes, the acts are signed, but nothing changes, then you have a natural desire to influence the situation in more radical ways.
Before proceeding to consider possible methods impact on public utilities, let's clarify what obligations the current legislation imposes on the heat supplier to a residential building.
The requirements for an allowable interruption in heat supply are formulated as follows (for details, see the Rules for the Provision of Utility Services to Owners and Users of Premises in Apartment Buildings and Residential Buildings, Appendix 1, Section VI):
- no more than 24 hours (in total) within 1 month;
- no more than 16 hours at a time - at an air temperature in residential premises from + 12 ° С to standard temperature indicated in the table above;
- no more than 8 hours at a time - at an air temperature in residential premises from + 10 ° С to + 12 ° С;
- no more than 4 hours at a time - at an air temperature in residential premises from + 8 ° С to + 10 ° С
The responsibility of public utilities for violations of these requirements is as follows:
- for each hour of excess allowable duration interruption of heating, calculated in total for the billing period in which the specified excess occurred, the amount of the utility service fee for such a billing period is reduced by 0.15% of the fee determined for such a billing period.
Well, what if heat is supplied to the apartment, but the batteries do not heat the room? In this case, the following requirements are set:
- permissible decrease in the standard temperature at night (from 0.00 to 5.00 hours) - no more than 3 ° C from the level indicated above;
- decrease in air temperature in the living room during the daytime (from 5.00 to 0.00 hours) is not allowed
Responsibility for violation of these rules is established as follows:
- for each hour of deviation in the air temperature in the residential premises in total during the billing period in which the specified deviation occurred, the amount of the utility service fee for such a billing period is reduced by 0.15% of the fee determined for such a billing period for each degree of temperature deviation.
Thus, the current legislation allows:
- In case of disconnection of your batteries for each hour in excess of the permitted duration of disconnection of batteries (the terms are indicated above), collect 0.15% of the monthly (this is our settlement period) payment for heat
- If the apartment is cold, but the batteries still heat, then you can demand a reduction in the monthly heating fee by 0.15% for every hour when the temperature was below the standard.
The recalculation can be a significant amount. Let's count.
Suppose you pay about 3,000 rubles a month for heating your apartment in winter. You are tired of constantly freezing and, say, on December 3, you drew up an act stating that the temperature in your apartment does not exceed 15 degrees Celsius (determined based on the temperature in the largest room in terms of area).
However, within a month there was no response from the public utilities. The house is still cold. What will be the recalculation?
We take 27 days following the drawing up of the act. It will be 648 hours. We multiply this number of hours by 0.15%, we get a figure of 97.2%. For this amount, you must recalculate. It turns out - that you are actually not obliged to pay for heating if this service is not provided with high quality.
Naturally, no one will return this money to you voluntarily. You have to go to court.
What are the chances of winning a lawsuit about cold batteries in an apartment?
There are precedents that residents managed to achieve a recalculation of heating fees due to the cold in the apartment.
In particular, in 2014, in several court instances, a resident of the Perm Territory managed to recover from 136,000 rubles in favor for the low temperature in a residential building.
According to Rossiyskaya Gazeta, a resident of Gubakha, Natalia Alekseeva (surname changed), filed a lawsuit against the local management company in the spring of 2014, demanding 350,000 rubles from public utilities. She substantiated her statement by the fact that during the heating season of 2012-2013, as well as in winter next year The temperature in her apartment did not rise above 15 degrees. Meanwhile, according to the rules for the provision of public services, the air in residential premises should be warmed up to 18 degrees, and in corner rooms - up to 20.
Alekseeva invited employees of the Criminal Code to take her temperature. In total, such measurements were made ten times. And never once did they fit the bill. The plaintiff even noted in her statement to the court that because of the cold in the apartment she fell ill, and listed several diseases that brought her to the hospital.
Alekseeva did not stop complaining to various authorities, district and regional, trying to achieve a recalculation of utility bills. And in 2013, she even refused to pay for heating, believing that the money was taken from her unreasonably. The case then reached the world court, which issued an order to recover 31 thousand rubles of debt from Alekseeva. But this decision was overturned, as she was able to prove the improper provision of a service such as heating.
As a result, all attempts to resolve the problem peacefully failed. Claims with a request to recalculate the payment for heat were rejected. No compensation was offered to the woman. And then she went to court.
At the trial, representatives of the management company completely denied their involvement in the low temperatures in Alekseeva's apartment. They stated that there is no contract between them for the provision of such a service as heating, and the money for it does not go to their cash desk. Therefore, they did not recognize the demands made.
However, the Gubakhinsky City Court decided otherwise. The fact is that according to the management agreement apartment building, where Alekseeva lives, the Criminal Code is obliged to provide services for water supply, sanitation and heating. According to the same document, payment for them should be made directly to resource-supplying organizations.
The management company, in addition, has an agreement with the local housing and communal services department on the supply of thermal energy. It states that this resource is intended for heating residential buildings, and the air temperature in them must comply with the standards.
Therefore, the court recognized Alekseeva's demands as legitimate, and all the objections of the Criminal Code as unfounded. The absence of a heating contract between them does not play any role, since this obligation of the communal organization is indicated in the contract for the management of an apartment building.
Taking into account that the management company could no longer argue the fact of poor-quality heat supply, the court granted the plaintiff's demands for the recovery of money. At the same time, Alekseeva is obliged to return 77 thousand rubles as a recalculation, in addition, a fine of half this amount and 20 thousand rubles as compensation for non-pecuniary damage. Total 136 thousand.
What is the temperature of the radiators in the apartment - the norm?
During the heating season must be maintained optimum temperature heating batteries in an apartment, the norm of which is regulated by Decree No. 354 of the Government of the Russian Federation of 05/06/2011. With centralized heat supply, as in the heating system of a private house, the heating of the coolant in the network is regulated depending on weather conditions. The goal is to maintain the standard air temperature in residential premises. However, these standards are often not met due to different reasons, and the residents have to solve the problem on their own.
Requirements for heating networks
With district heating, the source of heat is a boiler house or a CHP where hot water high-temperature boilers are installed (steam boilers at CHPs). The fuel is usually natural gas, other energy carriers are used to a lesser extent. The temperature of the heat carrier at the outlet of the boiler is 115 °C, but the water does not boil under pressure. The need for heating up to 115 ° C is explained by the fact that boiler plants in this mode operate with maximum efficiency.
The transition from 115 ° C to the required temperature value is provided by plate or shell-and-tube heat exchangers. At CHP plants, heat exchangers receive exhaust steam from turbines to produce electricity. According to regulatory requirements, the water temperature in the heating pipes should not exceed 105 ° C, the lower limit depends on outdoor conditions. In this range, the heating of water in the heating network is regulated depending on the weather, for which each boiler room has temperature chart heating systems. For home networks, 2 calculation schedules are used:
These figures show the maximum temperature of the supply and return water during the most severe frosts in a particular area. But at the beginning and at the end of the heating season, when the weather is still not too cold, it makes no sense to heat the coolant to 105 ° C, therefore, a real temperature heating schedule is drawn up, which describes how much water should be heated at different temperature outside air. The dependence of heating on weather conditions is shown in the table, which contains excerpts from the schedule for Ufa:
outdoor air average daily
The table is presented as an example and is correct only for this city, in another locality there is an addiction, climatic conditions across the country are different.
It is quite difficult to find out exactly what the temperature of the coolant in a centralized heating network is. To do this, you need to have a remote thermometer that determines the degree of surface heating. So to determine how the heating standards in the apartment are observed, it is possible only by the air temperature in the rooms.
heating requirements
According to the aforementioned Decree, the start of centralized heating is carried out after 5 days, during which the average outdoor temperature does not exceed +8 °C. If after 4 cold days on the fifth day it will be warm again, then the start of the heating period is postponed until compliance with specified conditions. Heating norms prescribe that the termination of heating operation occurs according to the same principle: 5 days must pass with an average daily temperature of +8 ° C.
The Decree contains amendments providing individual approach to the supply of heat to buildings that fully comply with the requirements for thermal insulation. Heat supply organizations are required to turn on the heating of such houses as soon as the temperature in the street drops to the value provided for project documentation. It is easy to guess that in reality these changes are not carried out very well, and the start of heat supply occurs simultaneously in all residential buildings - insulated and ordinary.
During the heating period, the district heating system must provide multi-apartment residential buildings with a sufficient amount of heat energy. In order for the heat supply service to be considered fully provided, the following requirements for the permissible air temperature in rooms for various purposes must be met:
- living rooms - from 18 to 24 °С, corner rooms - from 20 °С;
- bathroom (or separate toilet and bathroom) - from 18 to 26 ° C;
- kitchen (taking into account the heat source in the form of a stove) - from 18 to 26 ° С;
- pantry - from 12 to 22 ° С;
- corridor - from 16 to 20 °С.
For apartment buildings located in cold northern regions, the lower limit of permissible temperature in living rooms has been increased to +20 °С (in corner rooms up to +22 °С). The increase comes into force on the condition that the frost on the street reaches -31 ° C (on average per day) and lasts at least 5 days. It is also allowed to reduce the temperature in the apartment by 3 ° C from midnight to 5.00 in the morning.
Heat supply to a number of apartments or the building as a whole may be interrupted as a result of an emergency and unforeseen repairs. But for holding repair work given by regulatory documents certain time depending on weather conditions. The colder outdoor air, the sooner the relevant service is obliged to rectify the fault. The total duration of breaks in heating operation is no more than 24 hours per month.
Failure to comply with the requirements of the heat supply organization
When the duration of repair measures exceeds the time allocated according to the norms, the heat supplier is obliged to recalculate the payment, its value is reduced by 0.15% for each extra hour of disconnected heat supply. According to the rules, the same recalculation must be carried out for all the time when the temperature in the apartments was below the permissible level (18 ° C). At the same time, the deducted amount of payment cannot be more than the amount for the entire period when sufficient heat was not supplied to the radiators for heating. In some cases normative document allows full exemption of affected tenants from payment.
In order to get the discount provided legislative acts, tenants of an apartment building must complete a number of formalities:
Practice shows that employees of a heating network enterprise may not come with an inspection or their visit does not bring results. In such a situation, the act is drawn up independently and endorsed by at least 2 service users, and then by the chairman elected by the council of apartment building owners. A copy of the act is officially transferred to the heat supply organization and is registered there. The provision of a poor quality service is considered from the moment when the act is signed by all parties.
Further non-fulfillment by the enterprise of its obligations leads to litigation, where the act drawn up earlier, which has legal force, will play an important role. Similar actions against unscrupulous heat suppliers are necessary to encourage them to reconstruct worn-out networks and equipment, and it will be more expensive to pay for claims.
see also
What should be the temperature in the apartment - norms
The t in the dwelling is influenced by:
- Climate.
- Seasons.
- Individual features of housing.
Normal temperatures may vary in different areas. For example, in the southern and northern regions, in the eastern and western regions, its numbers differ.
Due to the alternation of the seasons, the microclimate also changes. AT summer period The temperature rises and falls significantly in winter.
Features of housing planning also affect the maintenance of comfortable living. For example, in a corner apartment, the degree of warmth is slightly lower.
The human factor is also involved in creating temperature features. Each person has his own concept of heat and coolness. Women are naturally thermophilic, they need a slightly higher temperature than men. Young children do not know how to independently maintain their bodies; it is easy to both overheat and overcool them, which negatively affects their health.
Temperature regulation is carried out in accordance with GOSTR and the rules of the organization providing utilities.
- Comfortable consider t from 20 to 25 ° C.
- During the period of cold weather 19 - 22 C.
- In the heat 22 - 25 C.
Temperature regime different rooms:
Do not create sudden changes in heat between rooms, no more than 2°.
Heating season
In the Government Decree No. 354 of 05/06/2011, the heating period is clearly indicated. Based on this decision, heat enters our homes with a steady decrease in temperature. environment less than eight degrees for eight days.
On the sixth day, we may not wait for the due service if:
- Not produced preliminary preparation heat supply networks. Usually, all repair work is carried out in the summer.
- Accident. From a sudden breakdown, preventive measures can be powerless. Many factors such as severe winter frosts or huge summer heat, contribute to the rapid deterioration of communications.
The norm is designed for apartments with centralized heat supply. Having individual heating you can not wait for the start of the season, but regulate the temperature in the house yourself.
The beginning of the heating season does not have a fixed date in our country. Depends on natural factors. Severe cold can come in early autumn or its middle.
The approximate start date for heat delivery is the end of September and mid-October.
What temperature should be in a corner apartment
The temperature in the corner apartment should be two degrees higher than in others and is 20 degrees, the base is 18. To maintain the set figure, in a cooler corner apartment, an additional battery is introduced into the project even before construction.
Optimal t mode:
What temperature should be in the batteries
The temperature in our batteries is constantly changing, mainly it depends on changes in the weather, but it is never higher than 90 degrees, this is enough to maintain comfortable conditions even in extreme cold. The main radiator of the corresponding brand with the necessary heat transfer.
Usually, throughout the year, water is heated to 50–70 degrees, in summer it is supplied to a tap marked “for hot”, and in winter to the heating system.
The easiest way to measure:
- Place the thermometer in the container.
- Fill hot water from the tap.
Deviation is allowed only in big side by 4 degrees.
Other measurement methods:
Device for constant thermometry:
- Choose the most appropriate place on the radiator.
- Put the most common alcohol thermometer.
- Fix for thermal insulation with foam rubber.
Fast, inexpensive, convenient and the temperature is regularly monitored.
Important. If the temperature does not meet the specified norm, file a complaint with the housing and communal services. The arriving commission will determine the temperature of the water in the heating system. They are required to act in relation to paragraph 4 in the "Methods of control" GOST 3049-96. Measuring device has a quality certificate, registration and verification. The error in its work is not more than 0.1 degrees.
Troubleshooting
Heating problems are immediately visible. Cold and constant dampness, the appearance of fungus on the walls. About any comfortable for human body living and speech can not be.
Main signs of problems:
Barely warm batteries- the most important sign of your problems.
Reasons for the situation:
- Wrong design.
- Wrong hardware installed.
- Unauthorized connections.
- Poor system installation.
- The presence of air in the pipes.
- Violations during the installation of radiators.
- Pipe wear.
- Lack of tight connections.
Troubleshooting step by step guide
- Layout.
- The volume of the heated area.
- Possible heat loss.
Important! Do not wait for the start of the heating season, inspect all pipes and radiators in your apartment in advance.
Do not save on equipment, repairing a flooded apartment of neighbors will cost more.
Not all plastic pipes are suitable for heating installation, from hot water they may melt or burst.
Recalculation of payment for heating
If the temperature in the apartment does not meet the specified standards, it is necessary to present writing their requirements in housing and communal services. Within two days, a special commission, after inspecting the housing and measuring the temperature in the batteries, will confirm the violation.
With a temperature regime in rooms of 14 degrees Celsius, citizens have the right not to pay for this utility service. And the relevant organizations are required to recalculate, guided by Appendix 1 of Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 23, 2006 No. 307 "On the procedure for providing public services to citizens."
Recalculation is made in such cases:
- The daily temperature of the living room is less than +18, for the corner room +20.
- The frost is -30, and the heating norms have not been increased to +20 and +22, respectively.
- The total shutdown time during the month is above 24 hours. It should be noted that the interruption of the heat supply must be fixed. You can't prove anything without papers.
- One-time shutdown at external t -12 more than 16 hours.
You must also apply for recalculation:
Recalculation will be denied if:
Recalculation is possible during the year once. Before starting the procedure, carefully weigh the pros and cons. The process is lengthy and requires a lot of paperwork. Careful preparation is needed.
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What should be the battery temperature in heating season
Heating apartments in high-rise buildings is the prerogative of the authorized company or homeowner.
If you managed to get permission and make individual heating of your home, this is an indisputable plus.
In this case, you can, personally, regulate the temperature in residential premises and at the same time be independent of anyone.
With a centralized heating method, everything is much more complicated.
Standards for heating coolants
On the basis of sanitary standards, norms have been established regarding the heating system in residential multi-apartment buildings.
As a basis, take into account the needs of the average adult.
The calculation itself is rather complicated, and only specialists of a certain level can carry it out.
They are established and approved at the legislative level and are spelled out in SNiP.
If you are cold in your apartment due to cold batteries, you need to know what temperature should be in the batteries in winter period in order to contact the relevant authorities in case of non-compliance with the standards.
Do not forget that a lot, in this case, depends on:
- outdoor air temperature,
- working fluid temperature,
- the material from which the radiators are made.
If you have any questions to representatives of the service organization, you can write an application and invite the ZhEK engineer for measurements, who, using special devices, will perform all the necessary actions.
Thus, he will find out the temperature of the batteries in the apartment, its norm may fluctuate slightly in one direction or another (depending on the weather outside).
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After all the measurements are taken, the specialist draws up an act, one copy of which is kept for himself, and the other is given to the owner of the apartment.
According to the results of the audit, utilities are obliged to correct the problems in a short time.
At the same time, each owner of an apartment or house in which discrepancies are found may demand that he recalculate the payment for poor quality services for heating.
The fee decreases in proportion to the area of the apartment .
One of the most important factors warm home, the temperature of the working liquid substance in the radiators supplied by the circulation pump to the heating system is considered (installation diagram).
According to established standards, a coolant must be supplied to the batteries, the heating level of which varies from eighty to eighty-five degrees Celsius.
Temperature Measurement Methods
This meter is called
.
If you take measurements an ordinary thermometer, a few more degrees will need to be added to the indicators.
The most accurate readings can be obtained through infrared device- pyrometer. Its error is no more than 0.5 degrees.
For regular temperature monitoring use only the safest device - an alcohol thermometer.
For these purposes, it is attached to the radiator with adhesive tape and wrapped heat-insulating material.
How to use electrical option thermometer ?
You need to take a wire with a thermocouple and wind it to the heating device. In this manner, indicators are taken.
If a commission came to your apartment to measure the temperature of the batteries, they must have a certified device.
You have the right to demand from a representative of the inspecting organization documents confirming that the equipment has passed state verification.
The requirements for the heating system are very high. .
The process of delivering hot coolant circulation pumps(the rules for installation in the heating system are written here) to a residential building and its uniform distribution over all apartments is not an easy task.
It is necessary to approach this issue responsibly, and with an understanding of all technological subtleties.
In order for the heating system to work efficiently, all its elements must function smoothly.
This applies to all pipes and batteries. in each of the apartments of a multi-storey building.
Therefore, when replacing radiators (read how to install heating batteries in a private house in this article), you need to take into account the features and subtleties of the heating main.
If this is not done, some apartments will experience an excess of heat, while residents of other apartments will not better times (they will have cold batteries).
How can optimization be achieved heating urban dwellings?
Answer: by introducing the following rules :
- in safety regulations it is said that the temperature of the working liquid substance in the heating main must be 20 degrees lower than the temperature of self-igniting materials.
For residential buildings coolant limit has established norms- 65 - 115 degrees Celsius (this is seasonally adjusted);
In case this indicator is exceeded, a restrictive structure must be installed on the battery (it is written about the methods of distributing heating in a private house here);
In some cases, these standards may be changed.
Service providers should be guided by the average daily temperature outside.
Where to complain if the apartment is cold
Before you go in search of heat, it is worth remembering the following:
- hot water is being supplied to our apartments through the central heating system only when the street temperature reaches certain values.
According to the regulations, the heating season can begin under one condition: for five days in a row, the external temperature is kept at no more than +8 degrees.
In this case, heat must be supplied to our home.
If the heating throughout the house is working properly. and only your apartment remains cold, which means that the problem lies in a particular apartment.
Then, first of all, it is worth checking if your heating system is not airy.
To understand this, it is enough to feel the individual sections for their heating.
If the batteries are warm, in parts, then the reason is most likely airing.
Air from the system can be released using the Mayevsky crane. which should be installed on radiators in each room (see options for installing heating radiators in an apartment here).
Before opening the valve, you need to substitute a basin or bucket under it.
When the coolant starts to come out of the tap without a characteristic hissing sound, this means that there is no air in the batteries.
After that, the tap must be closed and after a while the batteries should be checked, they should warm up evenly.
Established norms of hot working fluid in a centralized heating system the following:
- plus fifty - plus seventy-five degrees Celsius at the point of water intake.
If, for some reason, these figures drop to forty-five degrees, consumers are entitled to a ten percent discount when paying for heating.
If the hot water temperature is only forty degrees, you are entitled to a 30% discount.
When the temperature is below forty degrees - service is not payable .
If the relevant services do not respond to your complaints, you can take measurements yourself in the presence of your neighbors.
To do this, you need a device such as a pyrometer. .
The act can be drawn up in any form, the main thing is that the document has the signatures of people who were next to you during the measurements.
Remember! The guarantee of your health and all those living in this apartment largely depends on the optimal microclimate in the living room.
And to create it and maintain it at the proper level is within the power of every homeowner.
In the apartment, it is very important to create an ideal microclimate. The air should not be too dry.
For each individual room, there are norms for the amount of fresh air.
Some experts believe that they are a little overpriced. But, if the air exchange in your apartment is half of the established standards, this is considered quite acceptable.
Watch a fragment of a television program dedicated to the standards for supplying heat to apartments.
The heating battery is the main element of the heating system in a city apartment, effective home appliance for heat transfer. It is from the batteries (radiators) and their temperature that the coziness and comfort of living for all residents of the house largely depend.
In this article we will tell you: what should be the temperature of the radiators in the apartment, what are its norms and whether interruptions in the heat supply are acceptable.
Start of the heating season
Start of heating supply at residential apartments indicated in Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 05/06/2011 N 354. The document states that as soon as, average daily temperature outdoor air is below +8 ºС and remains unchanged for 5 days in a row, heating is turned on in the apartments.
In all other cases, the moment of heat supply can be legally delayed. Detailed information about when which temperature include heating in apartments You can read.
Note: heat will begin to flow into the apartments no earlier than on the 6th day after the recorded temperature indicators of the air outside.
Most regions of the country heating season starts from mid-October and ends in April.
Reasons for the lack of heat in the apartment
There may be situations when, due to the negligent attitude of the heat supply company to its own duties, there is no heat supply to the apartments. Why? The reasons for the lack of heat include:
- Breakdown of the heating system at home;
- The filling of pipes that conduct heat to houses with air;
- Unfinished renovations.
If the heating supply delay is caused by a breakdown of the in-house system, then it is impossible to correct the situation until the problem is fixed.
If the cause of the delay is the filling of the heat supply pipes with air, it is necessary to contact the operating organization. The specialist must “blow out” the batteries within a day after the appeal, and there will be no obstacles to filling them with circulating liquid.
Why is the heat supply to the radiators interrupted?
The beginning of the heating season does not yet mean its continuity. Sometimes the heating supply is temporarily stopped, which causes a lot of questions and indignation on the part of the population.
It is important to know that it is legal, interruptions in the heating supply can be:
- Maximum 24 hours. Provided that the minimum air temperature in the apartment is +12 ºС;
- Maximum 8 hours. If the temperature drops to +10 to +12 ºС;
- No more than 4 hours if the thermometer shows +8 ºС and below.
All downtime periods are indicated in total for a month. If residents notice an excess of these values, they should file a complaint with the responsible organization. Familiarize with optimal temperature indicators in the apartment in winter can be in.
Heating battery temperature standards
The heating system of an apartment building is the result of engineering work. It is a complex mechanism consisting of many elements.
Therefore, it is so important to follow the rules for the installation and operation of heating radiators in each apartment. Otherwise, the heat will be distributed unevenly, which will lead to the fact that it will be warm in one apartment, and cold in the next one.
An important point is also . In order to avoid such situations and came up with appropriate allowed values(standards).
Permissible minimum battery temperature
Like any other indicator, important for normal vital activity person ( , etc.) battery temperature during the heating season must have admissible minimum.
However minimum temperature batteries in apartments by law and regulations not spelled out. This means that the indicator must be kept allowable temperature air in the apartment (+18 to +25 degrees).
Obviously, which is unacceptable for low battery temperatures, achieve normal air temperature throughout the apartment impossible.
What should be the maximum value?
Unlike the minimum, the maximum value is precisely indicated in SNiP 41-01-2003 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning". This document defines the standards established for the in-house elements of the heating system:
- Maximum acceptable norm the temperature of the batteries in the apartment is considered to be 95 ° C with a two-pipe heating system;
- At single pipe system heating temperature maximum is 115 ° C;
- The recommended temperature is between 85°C and 90°C. This is because 100°C is the boiling point of water. When this indicator is reached, special measures are applied to prevent boiling;
Note: although the temperature maximum is 115°C, battery operation in this mode is not recommended. They break quickly if they work with such an increased load.
How to measure battery temperature?
If you suspect that the batteries are heating poorly, you can measure their temperature. There are several ways to measure battery temperature, namely:
- Ordinary thermometer. In this case, 1-2°C should be added to the measured surface of the heater;
- With help infrared thermometer;
- An alcohol thermometer measures the temperature of the battery by tightly wrapping it around it. For measurement accuracy, it is necessary to cover the thermometer with a heat-insulating material.
It is important: the device that measures the temperature of the batteries must have a quality certificate. The measurement range should be from 5 to 40 degrees C - this greatly minimizes the measurement error. Permissible error is not more than 0.1 gr.S of measurement.
If the battery temperature significantly does not reach recommended values should be written application in management company for the measurement. Commission in the presence of the tenant of the apartment will make control measurement of fluid circulating in the battery and establish mismatch.
Note: before measuring the temperature of the batteries, measure the temperature of the hot water from the tap. These indicators are interconnected with each other. If the thermometer readings are in the range from 60 to 75 ° C - this is considered the norm, if below - a deviation from it.
What to do if there is no heating?
If it was not possible to wait for heating, it's time to move on to decisive action. First, you need to understand the reason for what is happening. If it turns out that everything is to blame for a breakdown in the heating system of the house, it must be fixed. If the supply company is to blame for the delay in heating, it must be proved that the apartment is cold.
To do this, together with a representative of the operating company, it is necessary to measure the temperature in each room. If it is lower, it is important to record the readings.
Based on the results of measurements, the service company is obliged to take measures, correct the situation and recalculate the heating fee in periods of non-compliance. If there are no actions on the part of the responsible company, it can be held administratively liable for violating the rules of public services for the population.
The minimum allowable air temperature in a living room in winter is +18 °C. As soon as an underestimated value of this indicator is fixed, the organization supplying heat is obliged to reduce the payment for it by 0.15% for each hour of violations.
If the recalculation did not motivate the responsible organization to correct errors, a collective complaint should be made by the residents of the house about the violation of the temperature regime. It will become the basis for going to court. For violations, the organization supplying heat can be severely fined.
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The supply of heat to the house must be carried out in accordance with the standards established by the Government. In the event of violations, residents have the right to apply to the Criminal Code with a request to normalize heating and recalculate utility bills.
What temperature should the batteries be?
The heating season starts in autumn. exact date there is no beginning, but there are certain rules heat supply. If the temperature outside stays around +8 degrees Celsius for 5 days, then heating is supplied on the sixth day. Temperature indicators indoors depend on several components:
- battery temperature;
- heat output inside the dwelling;
- area of the apartment;
- frequency of airing the room;
- location of rooms in general structure Houses ( corner apartments and colder rooms)
- building and insulating materials of the walls of the house.
According to Government Decree No. 354 of May 6, 2011, the following temperature standards are provided for in the apartment:
- residential part: +18° С;
- corner room: +20° С;
- kitchen: +18° С;
- sanitary unit: +25° С;
- landing: +16° С;
- lift: +5° С;
- basement: +4° С;
- attic: +4° C.
It should be noted that in the northern regions temperature conditions a little more (in the living room: + 20 ° C, in the corner room: + 22 ° C). Measurements are made with a special thermometer, which must be located at least 1.5 m above the floor and not closer than 1 m to the wall. Measurements are carried out within 10 minutes.
Batteries should warm up the room to the values indicated above. Otherwise, tenants have the right to count on the recalculation of utility bills. Tolerance water temperature in the batteries in the daytime: 3 ° C. At night (from 00:00 to 05:00) - up to 5 ° C. A greater decrease in temperature is not allowed except in emergency situations.
According to the standards approved by the Decree of the State Construction Committee of September 27, 2003 No. 170, when water is supplied from the bottom up, the following temperature regimes are established:
| Outdoor temperature (degrees Celsius) |
Feed pipe (degrees Celsius) |
| +50 | |
| +67 | |
| +70 | |
| -3 | |
| -4 |
Important: in accordance with SNiP - at 41-01-2003, the maximum allowable water temperature in a two-pipe system is 95 ° C, in a single-pipe system - 105 ° C.
How to measure battery temperature?
To measure, you need to draw a glass of hot water from the battery and release the thermometer there.
Additional ways:
- Measurement of the temperature of the pipe itself. 1-2 ° C is added to the obtained value.
- Making measurements with an infrared thermometer-pyrometer. It determines the temperature with an accuracy of 0.5 ° C.
- Measurement with an alcohol thermometer. It is glued to the battery and wrapped with any heat-insulating material. Such a device allows you to constantly be aware of temperature fluctuations.
- Measurement with an electrical instrument.
What to do if the batteries do not heat up?
At the request of the apartment owner, a representative from the management company (or public utility) is invited to take heat measurements. It is allowed to carry out the procedure only with a device that has passed verification. Its range should be from +5 to 40 ° C with an error of 0.1 ° C.
The obtained values are entered in the act, on the basis of which a decision is made to eliminate the violation and recalculate (if the temperature is less than the established norms).
If the Criminal Code is inactive, then the tenant of the MKD has the right to file a complaint with:
- Housing inspection. This is the body exercising control over the implementation of housing legislation; technical condition MKD; provision of public services in in full. The claim is submitted personally to the office; by registered mail; in in electronic format(if such a method is provided in the region).
- Rospotrebnadzor. You can contact the structure if the service is not provided in full, but a fee is charged for it. It will be possible to file a complaint through the official website (section "Reception of citizens' appeals"); mail; reception organ.
- Prosecutor's office. When filing a complaint, be sure to indicate the address and name of the complainant. This is required to provide a response. If violations are revealed, the prosecutor has the right to issue an order to eliminate it or to apply to the court to protect the interests of a person (group of persons).
- Court. This is the last resort that can help the homeowner. The judge makes a decision on the recalculation of the payment for heating, as well as on the obligation to eliminate the shortcomings.
Thus, the heat supply is carried out in accordance with the standards for heating the apartment (registered in SNiP). In the case of low temperatures, the owner has the right to apply to the Criminal Code to eliminate violations and recalculate utility bills.
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