Currently, any type of transport poses a potential threat to human health and life. Technological progress, along with comfort and speed of movement, has also brought a significant degree of threat. Depending on the type of transport accident, it is possible to receive multiple injuries and burns that are life-threatening.

Transport accident is a vehicle accident that resulted in the death of people or the infliction of severe bodily harm to the victims, the destruction and damage to transport structures and facilities, or damage to the environment.

Transport disaster- This major accident with significant loss of life. Transport accidents are divided according to the type of transport on which they occurred, and (or) the damaging factor of dangerous goods.

Road traffic accident (RTA) is a transport accident that occurred in the process of road traffic involving a vehicle and resulted in the death of people or infliction of severe bodily harm, damage Vehicle, roads, structures, cargo or other material damage.

Emergencies caused by traffic accidents, causes, possible consequences and actions of the population in the event of a threat or emergency

The modern period is characterized by the development of transport and as a result of movement more than 50% of accidents and disasters occur on various types transport. The safest mode of transport for passengers is a city bus, and the most dangerous is a car and a motorcycle. Therefore, as a result of traffic accidents, a large number of citizens die and are injured and injured, many become disabled.

The most common types of accidents are collisions of vehicles or their overturning, collisions with pedestrians, collisions with obstacles.

The main causes of traffic accidents are:

Low professional level of individual drivers,

Drunk driving;

Violation of traffic rules;

Vehicle malfunctions;

Bad condition pavement;

Unfavorable weather conditions;

Influence on the mental, physiological state of drivers, pedestrians, dangerous and harmful factors.

Security measures

When boarding a car and driving, it is advisable for a passenger to sit in the middle of the rear seat, or at least in the back seat, if you are in the front seat, be sure to fasten your seat belt; during the movement, do not distract the driver and constantly monitor traffic; sitting on the seat sideways in the direction of travel is dangerous, with sudden braking, injury is possible; it is dangerous to get into a car with a drunk driver; do not allow children to kneel and look out the rear window, when braking, a blow to the head may occur.

In the event of an accident, the driver passenger car must: avoid a head-on collision with a car without exposing his side to another car; it is advisable not to collide with another car in the place where it has a gas tank; in the event of a collision, to mitigate the impact force, it is advisable to crash with the right or left edge of the hood; in case of an inevitable head-on collision, rest your hands on the steering wheel, with your left foot on the casing of the left wheel, with your right foot on the brake pedal; if the car catches fire, immediately evacuate passengers to a safe distance.

In the event of a car accident, the passenger must: tighten the muscles and not relax until they come to a complete stop; in a frontal collision, if you are sitting in the back, put your hands and feet on the front seat, press your head to your hands; if sitting in front, rest against the front reading, but not against the glass; in the event of a car overturning, press against the seat and hold on to it with your hands, remembering that the main thing is to protect your head from injury; do not try to leave the car while driving in a frontal collision; if the car is in the water, wait for the cabin to fill with water, do not panic, inhale the remaining air and get out;

Actions of a passenger in a bus, trolleybus, tram in case of an accident: at the time of the impact, while sitting on the seat, rest your feet and hands on the front seat, and if you are standing, grab the handrail, in case of a fall, do not hit your head; maintain muscle tension until the transport stops completely; after an accident or catastrophe, immediately leave the vehicle without causing panic, through an emergency window, emergency exit, through a window or through the upper ventilation hatches; in the event of a fire in the cabin, use a handkerchief or other part of the fabric to protect the respiratory system; use a fire extinguisher or sand if possible; in case of a short circuit, flash in the passenger compartment of a tram or trolleybus, leave the vehicle when it stops and the electrical circuit is disconnected.

If the bus with passengers is in the water, stay where you are until the passenger compartment is filled with water, without creating panic among the passengers; remember that the main danger is not water, but other passengers. Get out through the window, the upper ventilation hatches until the bus cabin is filled with water, breathe deeper and more often to saturate the body with oxygen.

When traveling in public transport, the passenger must: remember that the middle of the passenger compartment is the safest place; in case of sudden braking, it is better to sit with your back forward; hold the back of the front seat with your hands when sitting facing forward; it is safer to sit on the starboard side than on the port side; if you are standing, then place the support points so that their projection onto the floor forms a triangle of a larger area; when braking hard, pay attention to where you will fall and who will fall on you.

Major incidents on railway transport- train wrecks, railway accidents and catastrophes.

train wreck- this is a collision of passenger or freight trains, the result of which is the death or injury of people, the destruction of the locomotive or wagons.

Railway accident- accident on railway, resulting in damage to one or more units of rolling stock of railways to the extent of overhaul and (or) the death of one or more people, causing bodily harm to the victims.

Train disaster- a railway accident, as a rule, with human casualties.

The main causes of accidents and crashes: malfunction of the track, rolling stock and technical means management; errors of employees responsible for the safety of train traffic; violation of the rules for crossing railways by road; the erroneous actions of the railway workers.

Among the disasters, train wrecks and accidents, there are: derailment of rolling stock, collisions, collisions with obstacles at crossings, fires and explosions on rolling stock, collision of trains with each other.

The consequences of accidents and catastrophes at stations and stages are: explosions of dangerous goods, leading to the destruction of the track, rolling stock, structures; spill or release into the atmosphere of aggressive or toxic substances; fires of rolling stock, station buildings and other structures; defeat of railway workers, passengers by fire, explosions, poisonous liquids and gases; destruction of transported goods.

Depending on the number of victims, there are 5 categories of railway road accidents and disasters:

Security measures

When using railway transport services, it is necessary: ​​to be located in the middle of the train; do not put heavy and bulky things on the upper shelves of the car; leave passages at night free; do not forget the location of personal belongings (documents, money, valuables); foreign objects (bottles, food) should not be on the table.

In the event of a train crash or emergency braking: grab onto the handrails and rest your feet on something; it must be remembered that after the first blow there may be others, continue to hold; after the blows stop, leave the car, otherwise a fire may occur, in case of its absence, try to provide first aid to the injured, calm the passengers without causing panic; when the doors are blocked by a crowd of people, use windows - emergency exits, as well as through the window of any compartment, but due to its strength when broken, injury is possible; when leaving the car, take documents, money and necessary clothes; Help the other passengers to get out as well by breaking the windows of the carriages from the outside.

In the event of a fire in the carriage, the passenger must: in the event of smoke or fire, urgently use a scarf, any cloth soaked with liquid to protect the respiratory system; a long stay in a compartment is dangerous, because. the temperature in an enclosed space rises quickly and it is possible to burn the lungs with one breath and lose consciousness from the dangerous toxic gas released during combustion; get out of the car through the vestibule when it is filled with people, use the emergency exit; strictly follow the instructions of the conductor; leaving the car, engage in rescue operations, observing safety measures (risk of stride voltage with broken wires, passing oncoming trains, spilled fuel, etc.).

Accidents and disasters in air transport

In civil aviation, cases of complete or partial destruction of an aircraft with passengers on board are called aviation accidents.

plane crash- a dangerous incident on an aircraft, in flight or in the process of evacuation, which led to the death or disappearance of people, causing bodily harm to the injured, destruction or damage to the aircraft and material assets carried on it.

The main causes of accidents can be grouped into the following groups: human factor - 50-60%, equipment failure - 15-30%, environmental impact - 10-20%, others - 5-10%. More than half of air accidents occur at airfields and adjacent areas.

Security measures

After boarding the aircraft, the passenger must: be in outerwear, in case of fire it will save from burns; is in shoes - it will save you from all kinds of fragments; remove tie, scarf, glasses, hairpins and other sharp objects; fasten your seat belt, check the location of the oxygen mask.

In case of decompression (rarefied air in the cabin): whistling, pain, noise and ringing in the ears, warming and tingling of the skin, deafening roar - immediately put on an oxygen mask and move less, if possible help other people put them on.

When takeoff and landing accidents the crew of the aircraft manages to notify the passengers about the accident. Before an accident, the passenger must: take a fixed position (bend, tightly clasp his hands under his knees, tilting his head as much as possible or rest his hands on the front seat, put his head on his hands, and rest his feet on the floor).

At the moment of impact, strain as much as possible. After the plane stops, you must leave through the nearest exit route.

At emergency exit from the plane you should: open the emergency hatch, use the rescue rope, throwing it out, observing the exit rules (first the legs, then the head); remove high-heeled shoes and synthetic stockings; stretch the fabric chute, sit on the threshold of the inflatable ladder and go down; do not hold on to the onboard edged cord - burns are possible.

At aircraft cabin fire to protect skin burns, and respiratory organs from poisonous gases, use outerwear; movement is possible to the exit when the aircraft is completely stopped; if there is a lot of smoke, move on all fours (crouching), the main danger is smoke, not fire; if there is a crowd at the exit, look for other exits; if there is fire and smoke outside, do not open emergency hatches in this place; when leaving the cabin, refuse hand luggage; fight panic and apathy, because lose precious time, it could cost you your life. The plane must be left in 5 minutes and move away from it at a distance of 1.5 km, before the explosion of fuel.

Accidents and disasters in water and pipeline transport

Accidents on water transport are classified:

-- shipwreck- loss of the ship or its complete destruction;

-- accident- damage to the ship or its being aground for at least 40 hours (passenger - 12 hours);

-- accident- a dangerous incident on a river vessel that led to the release of hazardous chemical, biological, radioactive substances, ionizing radiation, oil spills.

Pipeline accident- this is an accident on the pipeline route associated with the release or outflow under pressure of hazardous chemical or fire-explosive substances, leading to a man-made emergency.

Depending on the type of transported product, accidents on main pipelines can pose one or another danger - from possible loss of life to damage to the economy and environmental disasters.

Damaging fire factors are: open fire and sparks; increased temperature of air and surrounding objects; toxic combustion products; reduced oxygen concentration; destruction or damage to buildings, structures, installations, the possibility of an explosion.

Damage factors of the explosion: shock wave; flame and fire; destruction of equipment, building structures, communications; formation during an explosion and leakage from damaged apparatus of harmful substances, their content in the air in quantities exceeding the maximum allowable; fragmentation field.

During fires and explosions, a person receives burns of varying severity, injuries, injuries, poisoning by combustion products, electric shock.

Accidents and disasters in the subway (underground transport)

Transport accidents and catastrophes can also occur in the subway, which can lead to serious consequences - fires, explosions and lead to death.

Sources of fire or explosion are: electrical discharges, thermal manifestations of chemical reactions, sparks from impact and friction.

Security measures

The safety measures in case of emergencies in the subway used by passengers are similar to the safety measures in railway transport.

To ensure the life of passengers, the metro needs to intensify work to improve security measures:

Use of fans in case of smoke;

Video filming and video recording (color, image preservation for three days, to consider a person's face);

Security of the wagon system;

Use of metal detectors and hazardous liquid detectors;

Arched detectors for the determination of explosives and narcotic substances;

Providing a searcher system;

Special X-ray units and scanners;

Screening installations to help identify explosives or weapons hidden under clothing;

In order to prevent emergencies, use printed media mass media(MEDIA);

Technical means of protection;

Intercoms that allow, if necessary, to contact the station staff or the police;

Inform passengers about how to survive in this situation.

Accidents at chemically hazardous facilities

Chemical accidents- this is a violation of technological processes in production, damage to pipelines, tanks, storage facilities, vehicles, leading to the release of emergency chemical hazardous substances (AHOV) into the atmosphere in quantities that pose a danger to human life and health, the functioning of the biosphere.

Chemical, pulp and paper and processing plants, mineral fertilizer plants, ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy plants, as well as cold storage plants, confectionery factories, etc. have large reserves of hazardous chemicals, mainly chorus, ammonia, phosgene, hydrocyanic acid, sulfurous anhydride and other substances. A chemical accident for humans and animals consists in a disruption of the normal functioning of the body and the possibility of long-term genetic consequences, and under certain circumstances, in a fatal outcome when AChB enters the body through the respiratory system, skin, mucous membranes, wounds, and along with food.

Security measures

At the warning signal of the population about the accident "Attention to all!" (sirens wailing and intermittent beeps of enterprises), it is necessary to follow the procedure for receiving it, the rules for sealing the premises, protecting food and water. Make and store in an accessible place cotton-gauze bandages for yourself and family members, as well as a memo on the actions of the population in case of an accident at a chemically hazardous facility. If possible, purchase gas masks with boxes that protect against the corresponding types of hazardous chemicals.

At the signal "Attention everyone!" turn on the radio and TV for reliable information about the accident and recommended actions. Close windows, turn off electrical appliances and gas. Put on rubber boots, a raincoat, take documents, necessary warm clothes, a three-day supply of non-perishable food, notify your neighbors and quickly, but without panic, leave the zone of possible infection perpendicular to the direction of the wind, at a distance of at least 1.5 km from the previous place of stay.

To protect the respiratory organs, use a gas mask, and in its absence, a cotton-gauze bandage or handy fabric items soaked in water with a 2-5% solution of baking soda (protection from chlorine), a 2% solution of citric or acetic acid " ammonia protection. If it is impossible to leave the contaminated area, tightly close windows, doors, ventilation holes and chimneys. Seal the gaps in them with paper or tape.

Do not hide on the first floors of buildings, in basements and semi-basements. In case of accidents on railways and highways associated with the transportation of hazardous chemicals, a dangerous zone is established within a radius of 200 meters from the accident site. Approaching this zone and entering it is strictly prohibited.

If you suspect a AHOV lesion, exclude any physical activity, take plenty of fluids (milk, tea) and consult a doctor immediately. Entrance to buildings is allowed only after a control check of the content of AHOV in them. If you are directly affected by AHOV, take a shower as soon as possible. Wash contaminated clothing, and if it is impossible to wash, throw it away. Carry out a thorough wet cleaning premises. Refrain from drinking tap (well) water, fruits and vegetables from the garden, livestock and poultry meat slaughtered after the accident, until an official conclusion about their safety.

Radiation accident- this is a violation of the safety rules for the operation of a nuclear power plant, equipment or device, in which there was a release of radioactive products or ionizing radiation beyond the limits provided for by the project safe operation leading to public exposure and environmental pollution.

The main damaging factors of accidents are radiation exposure and radioactive contamination. Accidents can be accompanied by explosions and fires. Radiation impact on a person consists in the violation of the vital functions of various organs (mainly the hematopoietic organs, the nervous system, the gastrointestinal tract) and the development of radiation sickness under the influence of ionizing radiation.

Radioactive contamination is caused by exposure to alpha, beta and gamma ionizing radiation and is caused by the release of unreacted elements and fission products of a nuclear reaction (radioactive hose, dust, fragments of a nuclear product) during an accident, as well as the formation of various radioactive materials and objects (soil) as a result of their exposure.

In the event of a radiation accident, by means of methods and means of notifying the population, create stocks of the necessary means intended for use (sealing materials, iodine preparations, food, water, etc.).

When warning about a radiation accident, while outside, immediately protect your respiratory organs with a handkerchief, scarf and hurry to take cover indoors. Once in the shelter, take off your outer clothing and shoes, place them in a plastic bag, and take a shower. Close windows and doors. Turn on the TV and radio for more information about the accident and guidance from local authorities. Seal vents, cracks in windows, doors and do not approach them unnecessarily. Stock up on water in sealed containers. Wrap opened products in polyethylene film and place in refrigerator or cupboard. For respiratory protection, use a respirator, cotton-gauze bandage or improvised fabric items moistened with water to increase their filtering properties.

When receiving instructions through the media, carry out iodine prophylaxis by taking one tablet (0.125 g) of potassium iodide for 7 days, and for children under 2 years old - 0.04 g of a tablet. In the absence of potassium iodide, use an iodide solution: 3-5 drops of a 5% iodine solution in a glass of water, for children under 2 years old - one or two drops.

The order of action of the population in a radioactively contaminated area. To prevent or reduce the impact of radioactive substances on the body, it is recommended: leave the room only if necessary and for a short time, while using a respirator, raincoat, rubber boots and gloves; in open areas, do not undress, do not sit on the ground and do not smoke, exclude swimming in open water and picking wild berries and mushrooms; periodically moisten the area near the house, and in the room carry out a thorough wet cleaning daily using detergents; before entering the room, wash your shoes, shake out and brush your outer clothing with a damp brush; wash your hands thoroughly before eating and rinse your mouth with a 0.5% solution of baking soda. Compliance with these requirements will help to avoid radiation sickness.

The action of the population during the evacuation

In preparation for the evacuation, prepare personal protective equipment, including improvised ones (capes, raincoats made of film, rubber boots, gloves), put clothes and shoes for the season in a suitcase or backpack, a one-day supply of food, underwear, documents, money and other necessary things. Wrap your suitcase or backpack in plastic wrap.

When leaving the apartment during the evacuation, turn off all electrical and gas appliances, take quickly perishable products to the trash bin, and attach the announcement “There is no one in apartment No. __” on the door. When boarding a transport or forming a pedestrian column, register with a representative of the evacuation commission. When you arrive in a safe area, take a shower and change your underwear and shoes for non-infected ones.

hydrodynamic accident- this is an emergency event associated with the failure (destruction) of a hydraulic structure or part of it and the uncontrolled movement of large masses of water, causing destruction and flooding of vast areas. The main potentially hazardous hydraulic structures include dams, water intake and water collection facilities (locks).

Destruction (breakthrough) of hydraulic structures occurs as a result of the action of natural forces (earthquakes, hurricanes, erosion of dams) or human impact (strike with nuclear or conventional weapons on hydraulic structures, large natural dams, acts of sabotage), as well as due to structural defects or errors design.

The consequences of hydrodynamic accidents are: damage and destruction of hydroelectric facilities and short-term or long-term termination of their functions; defeat of people and destruction of structures by a breakthrough wave formed as a result of the destruction of a hydraulic structure, having a height of 2 to 12 m and a speed of 3 to 25 km / h (for mountainous areas - up to 100 km / h); catastrophic flooding of vast areas with a layer of water from 0.5 to 10 m or more.

In the event of a threat of a hydrodynamic accident (hydroelectric complex), it is necessary to exit (leave) the danger zone in the prescribed manner to a designated safe area or to elevated areas of the terrain. Take with you documents, valuables, essentials and a supply of food for 2-3 days. Move some of the property that needs to be protected from flooding, but cannot be taken with you, to the attic, the upper floors of the building, trees. Before leaving the house, turn off the electricity and gas, tightly close windows, doors, ventilation and other openings.

In case of sudden flooding, to escape from the impact of a breakthrough wave, immediately take the nearest elevated place, climb a large tree or the top floor of a stable building. If you are in the water when a breakthrough wave approaches, dive into the depth at the base of the wave.

Once in the water, swim or with the help of improvised means get out to a dry place, preferably on a road or dam, along which you can get to a non-flooded area. When the house is flooded, turn off its power supply, give a signal about the presence of people in the house (in the apartment) by hanging a flag made of bright fabric from the window during the day, and a lantern at night.

For information, use the radio with self-powered. Move the most valuable property to the upper floors and attics. Manage food inventory and drinking water, their protection from the effects of standing water and economical use.

In preparation for a possible evacuation by water, take documents, emergency items, water-repellent clothing and shoes, improvised rescue equipment ( air mattress, pillows). Do not attempt to evacuate yourself. This is possible only if the territory is not flooded, there is a threat of a deterioration in the situation, the need to receive medical care, food is used up and there are no prospects for receiving outside help.

After a hydrodynamic accident, before entering the building, make sure that there are no significant damages, ceilings and walls. Ventilate the building to remove accumulated gases. Do not use open flame sources until the room is completely ventilated and the gas supply system is checked for proper operation. Check the condition of the electrical wiring, gas supply pipes, water supply and sewerage. It is allowed to use them only after the conclusion of specialists about serviceability and suitability for work. Dry the room by opening all doors and windows. Remove dirt from floors and walls, pump out water from basements. Do not eat food that has been in contact with water.

Road accidents and their causes

To Category:

Driving a car

Road accidents and their causes

Passenger fall is a traffic accident in which a passenger (any person other than the driver who is in the vehicle) falls from a moving vehicle.

Other incidents include cases of collisions with horse-drawn vehicles, others not mentioned in the above classification.

In the Soviet Army, depending on the circumstances, nature and consequences of damage, the following types of traffic accidents are distinguished:
- catastrophes - incidents that caused the death of people;
- accidents - incidents as a result of which bodily injuries were caused to people and the damaged car is subject to write-off or major repairs;
– breakdowns - incidents when damage to the car can be repaired current repairs;
- accidents - incidents that arose through no fault of the driver or other persons of the military unit.

Traffic safety depends on many conditions. People of many specialties - motorists, road builders, urban planners and others - each in their field are working to ensure traffic safety. But the most important and decisive person on whom traffic safety depends is the driver.

To prevent traffic accidents in auto transport enterprises, under the guidance and participation of the State traffic inspectorate, the following activities are carried out: systematic educational work with drivers, improving their skills, regular familiarization with the new requirements of traffic rules and changes in traffic patterns in connection with the repair of streets (roads) , introduction one way traffic or other prohibitions; instructing drivers when assigning a car to them about the features of this model; information about the complication of traffic conditions due to the deterioration of road or weather conditions; briefing before transportation of passengers, oversized and dangerous goods; systematic control on the line, dissemination of the experience of the best drivers; registration of all traffic accidents and violations of traffic rules by drivers, their detailed analysis and group discussion.

In addition, they control the quality of maintenance and repair of cars and trailers, check their technical condition upon release to the line and return.

To manage the work on the prevention of road accidents in the fleet, a position of a traffic safety engineer is provided, and in the republican ministries of road transport and the largest automobile departments - special departments.

The executive committees of local Councils of People's Deputies and organizations of the road service with the State traffic inspectorate are working to improve the condition and maintenance of streets and roads, introduce modern technical means of regulation and organize safer traffic patterns.

To reward the best drivers, long time working without traffic accidents, violations labor discipline and rules of the road, the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR, by a decree of July 31, 1963, established the badge "For work without accidents." They are awarded to drivers for excellent work with a car run of 200, 300 and 500 thousand km. Other union republics are introducing similar signs.

All traffic accidents are subject to registration by the State traffic inspectorate, motor transport enterprise and road organizations regardless of the severity of bodily injuries inflicted on people and the amount of material damage.

Minor car breakdowns and minor injuries to people are also taken into account. The reason for such “minor” cases is most often the violation of traffic rules by drivers. Accounting for such traffic accidents allows you to identify and eliminate the causes that may lead to more serious accidents, and to carry out educational work with drivers.

In the "Driver's record card", which is a characteristic of his work, they enter the violations of traffic rules and traffic accidents committed by him.

The main causes of road traffic accidents. Most traffic accidents occur due to the fault of drivers due to their violation of traffic rules, as well as insufficient qualifications.

Gross, most common violations of traffic rules include: driving while intoxicated, exceeding the speed limit, non-observance of the required distance between cars, violation of the rules for overtaking and crossing intersections, driving to left side roads and following not in the appropriate lane, inattention and violation of the rules for transporting people.

Driving while intoxicated leads to the most serious consequences. Due to intoxication, the driver loses control over his actions, he develops unjustified self-confidence, his attention becomes dull, his ability to analyze the traffic situation deteriorates, and his reaction slows down.

Driving while intoxicated is punished administratively, and in case of repetition - criminally (see Article 2111 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR or similar articles of the Criminal Code union republics). The Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR dated June 19, 1972 "On measures to strengthen the fight against drunkenness and alcoholism" is also aimed at strengthening the fight against drunkenness while driving.

The choice of speed without taking into account the traffic situation is one of the significant causes of traffic accidents. The choice of speed depends on road conditions(type and condition of the road surface, slope of the roadbed), visibility and visibility, technical condition of the vehicle, condition and type of cargo being transported. So, speeding when cornering often leads to a rollover of the car.

Failure to keep a distance from the vehicle ahead increases the risk of collision with it. in cities and settlements take a distance of 0.5 m per 1 km / h of speed, when driving on roads - 1 m per 1 km / h. These values ​​are taken for a dry road surface on a horizontal section with a friction coefficient of at least 0.6. When driving in other conditions, the distance is chosen in accordance with these conditions so that it is possible to stop the vehicle when the vehicle ahead suddenly stops. *

Overtaking - one of the most important and frequent maneuvers - is associated with an increased speed of the overtaking vehicle and a limited view of the road for the driver. Incorrect overtaking often leads to frontal and side collisions, collisions and other serious consequences.

The main thing when overtaking is to quickly and accurately determine the safe distance and interval between cars. You should overtake only if it is possible to exceed the speed of the overtaken vehicle by at least 15 km/h, which allows you to reduce the overtaking path (zone) (Fig. 161), this is especially important when overtaking with driving into the oncoming traffic lane, when necessary return to your lane before an oncoming vehicle approaches.

More than half of overtaking traffic accidents occur as a result of the fact that drivers do not have time to complete overtaking, i.e., take their lane to a dangerous place on the road or an obstacle (narrowing of the road, bridge, intersection, parked car it. etc.) or until the approach of an oncoming vehicle.

Rice. 161. Way (zone) overtaking.

You can only overtake a vehicle moving in the forward direction. Therefore, it is very important to determine the intention of the driver of the vehicle being overtaken.

Before any maneuver (turn, turn, detour or overtake), the driver must turn on the appropriate warning signal. However, the absence of a signal does not mean that the vehicle ahead will not change direction. Every third collision is the result of the fact that the driver of the overtaken vehicle starts the maneuver without activating the warning signal. Therefore, if the further direction of movement is determined by the situation or behavior of the driver of the vehicle following in front of the kelz, overtaking should be refrained from.

Violation of the rules for crossing intersections leads to traffic accidents with a serious outcome (collision of vehicles, collision with pedestrians). 28% of all accidents in the regional centers of the RSFSR occur at intersections, of which 1/4 are at regulated ones.

Departure to the left side of the street (road) is most often observed when a car is moving on the curves of the road, which, with limited visibility, leads to collisions of vehicles.

The inattentive attitude of drivers to other road users, including pedestrians, especially children, and superficial observation of the road, the traffic situation, road signs and marking lines is an important factor causing traffic accidents.

A common cause of road accidents is inadequate driver training. Thus, 3rd class drivers commit 1.5-2 times more accidents than 2nd and 1st class drivers. Drivers with experience up to 1 year are involved in traffic accidents 1.5 times more often than those with experience from 1 to 3 years. Professional development is one of the main conditions for the prevention of road accidents.

Only the most disciplined drivers with at least three years of experience are allowed to transport people in trucks with specially equipped bodies.

When analyzing a traffic accident, it is important to characterize not only the details of the very moment of the accident (for example, a collision between two cars), but also the events that preceded it. These events are important because, in many cases, the prerequisites for a traffic accident are created much earlier than the actual accident. These prerequisites include: careless attitude to checking the technical condition of vehicles when leaving the line, overwork of drivers, overtime work, etc. So, considering an overturned truck at a bend in the road, it is important not only to pay attention to the speed of the car, but also to consider in detail the nature and placement of the load, body fastening, suspension condition, which significantly affects the amount of roll of the car.

A prominent place among the causes of traffic accidents is the indiscipline of pedestrians, including children.

Some of the accidents occur due to poor road conditions, shortcomings in the arrangement of streets and traffic organization.

Over 70% of traffic accidents caused by technical malfunctions of vehicles occur due to malfunction of the brakes and steering, which in most cases is due to insufficient control over the technical condition of vehicles produced on the line, their poor quality maintenance, insufficient responsibility and exactingness of the driver.

Season, day of the week and time of day significantly affect the number of road accidents.

About 65% of traffic accidents occur from May to October, which is associated with a significant increase in the intensity and speed of vehicles in summer and autumn.

On Sundays, most motor transport enterprises do not work and the traffic intensity decreases, however, the number of accidents is 10% more, and the people affected by them are 25% more than on Thursdays. This is due to changes in traffic conditions on rest days compared to the prevailing usual everyday conditions (another area of ​​the city, unfamiliar streets, roads, intersections), large quantity motorcyclists, as well as the transportation of the population to places of rest.

Relatively more often traffic rules are violated from 4 to 8 pm. During a significant part of the year, these hours coincide with the dark time of the day, when the conditions for monitoring the traffic situation become very complicated and the flow of vehicles and pedestrians increases.

To Category: - Driving

It is clear in itself that accidents, in fact, arise due to violations by drivers of the Rules of the Road. Autoinstructors will try to figure out more specifically what can lead to a traffic accident.

Violation of traffic rules

For example, violation of the maximum speed limit. Probably, all of us have seen that in a city where the speed limit is 60 km / h, some motorists do not even fit into the limit of 90 km / h.

It is not uncommon for violations of such rules as: driving at a prohibiting traffic light, overtaking in prohibited places, non-compliance with priority rules.

However, traffic rules are violated not only by motorists, but also by pedestrians themselves who cross the road, completely ignoring prohibition signs and traffic lights. Even cyclists are no exception, they ride without paying any attention to other road users. And, of course, one of the most common causes of accidents is driving while intoxicated. Accidents also happen due to excessive driver fatigue, for example, after a long journey.

Statistical information for 2011 is shown in the picture:

Vehicle malfunctions

A common cause of accidents is a technical malfunction of cars. For example, according to the legislation of the Russian Federation, subsequent movement is prohibited with technical malfunctions, as well as further operation of the vehicle in general. In the second case, you have the right to bring the car, at least to a car repair shop, and in the first case, only a tow truck or towing will help.

So, for example, if your headlight burns out, then you can get to the place of parking or repair, but if the brakes fail, then that’s all - it’s forbidden to move on your own.

Failure to follow these rules is the main cause of accidents.

Contempt

Accidents also occur because all participants in the movement, from pedestrians to drivers, are not attentive to each other. It often happens that the driver, without even violating traffic rules , just doesn't have time to react. Due to dulled attention, drivers do not notice the brake lights of the car ahead, the direction indicators, which subsequently leads to an accident.

Roads

An old topic of conversation is the poor condition of the roads. After all, we all have encountered urgent potholes, pits and ruts. But it often becomes dangerous factor spontaneous departure of the car into the oncoming lane. And the road services, for some reason, do not bear responsibility. It is not uncommon that the cause of an accident is a technical malfunction of traffic organizers, for example, traffic lights. If the green light is on all the traffic lights at once, then in the event of an accident in this case, the traffic participants will not be punished at all, and the road services and the traffic police will be guilty of this, but who is pleased to be a participant in the accident, even if not through their own fault.

The right decision when detecting a malfunctioning traffic light, of course, will either turn around and go the other way, or call the traffic controller by phone, but this will take you some time.

Poor preparation

Another cause of accidents is insufficient training of new drivers in theory, but mostly in practice. And this is the real violation of the law, i.e. a crime for which, in theory, there should be a serious punishment. After all, such people become potential killers, exposing everyone around them to great danger. It also happens that people just learn to be right “so that they are”, and they start driving only after a few years, in this case everything learned is simply forgotten, so in order to drive and not create emergency situations on the road, it is enough to periodically practice on deserted roads.

Be careful and good luck on the road!

The article used an image from the site www.lenta.ru and www.ria.ru

The main causes of accidents

If you ask an ordinary layman about what, in his opinion, is the cause of traffic accidents, he will probably answer: violation of the Rules of the Road. However, such an answer will be clearly incomplete: in addition, there are a number of reasons leading to accidents.

Most accidents occur due to the indiscipline of road users (drivers, pedestrians, cyclists, etc.), who disregard the rules of the road.

A typical example is violation speed limit: which of us has not seen how, in the area of ​​​​a sign that allows you to move at a speed of no more than 60 km / h, some cars “fly by” at a much higher speed.

The following violations that lead to accidents are also “popular”: driving into a lane intended for oncoming traffic, overtaking in prohibited places, violating the rules of maneuvering, driving at a traffic light, ignoring priority signs.

However, not only drivers violate the rules of the road. Pedestrians behave no better than them, who either cross the road in the wrong place (and often without even bothering to look around and make sure there are no vehicles in the immediate vicinity), or do it at a prohibitory traffic light.

The same goes for cyclists: riding too far from the edge of the road, neglecting others traffic rules for many - almost in the order of things.

Another common cause of road accidents is drunk driving. No further explanation is needed here.

Often the cause of traffic accidents is overworking the driver up to falling asleep at the wheel.

Many accidents happen due to a technical malfunction of cars. Recall that there is a legally approved List of technical malfunctions, in the presence of which the operation of vehicles is prohibited. In addition, with some malfunctions, even further movement is prohibited. The difference between operation and further movement is that in the first case, you have the right to drive on your own to the place of repair or parking, and in the second, any further movement is prohibited, and the car will have to be towed or transported on a tow truck.

For example, if on the road your headlight bulb burned out or the parking brake failed, you can drive to the place of parking or repair, but subsequent operation of the car is allowed only after troubleshooting. But if your brakes fail (for example, the pedal “falls through”), or the steering, or the windshield wipers do not work during rain, further movement is prohibited. Either fix the problem on the spot, or (in the case of windshield wipers) wait for the precipitation to end, or deliver the car to the place of repair or parking by towing or using a tow truck.

Neglect of these requirements often leads to serious traffic accidents. For example, if the steering fails, the car becomes completely uncontrollable, and it can be carried both into the oncoming traffic lane, and into a ditch or onto the sidewalk. Failure of the brake system is also extremely dangerous: you will not be able to stop the car when an obstacle appears, and it will be almost impossible to avoid an accident (especially at an intersection).

A common cause of traffic accidents is the inattentive attitude towards other road users by both drivers and pedestrians. For example, you are driving along the road without violating anything, but at this time you are abstractly thinking about something of your own. Consequently, your attention is dulled, and you do not have time to notice a pedestrian who has appeared on the roadway and, accordingly, react to a change in traffic conditions. Even if the pedestrian violated the rules of the road, but if you had been more attentive, you would have seen him earlier, and the collision could have been avoided. Well, as for pedestrians, many of them go out on carriageway where it pleases, done without noticing anything around.

Due to inattention, drivers often do not notice the brake lights of the car in front that have turned on, the direction indicator of another car has turned on, “lose” their lane, etc. All this can also eventually lead to an accident.

Often road traffic accidents occur due to the poor condition of the roads. Which of us has not come across potholes, potholes, open sewer manholes, and other “charms” on the road. But even small size a pit can cause the car to roll over or spontaneously leave it in the oncoming lane when driving not even on the very high speed(sometimes a speed of 70-80 km / h is enough for this, and on a slippery road - even 30-40 km / h).

It should be noted that if the cause of the accident was the unsatisfactory condition of the road, then the responsibility for the traffic accident can be fully or partially assigned to representatives of the road services, with all the ensuing consequences.
Serious traffic accidents are often caused by a malfunction of the technical means of organizing traffic. Most typical example- a faulty traffic light (meaning a faulty one, and not a broken one or with a flashing yellow signal). The worst thing is when all the traffic lights installed at the intersection are green. An accident with the most serious consequences is possible here - after all, all cars will move at a speed of green light. Drivers - participants in a traffic accident in such a situation will not be found guilty - the responsibility will be fully borne by the road services.

Sometimes it happens that in one direction at the spoiled traffic light the green light is on all the time, and in the other - red. Many hurried drivers in such cases simply wait for the crossed road to be empty, and, having chosen the moment, they pass the intersection at a prohibiting traffic signal. If this leads to a traffic accident, the driver who ran the red light will be found responsible for the accident, although some of the blame should be placed on the road services, since it was they who did not ensure the normal operation of the road equipment. It is more correct in such a situation to turn around and go the other way, or call with mobile phone to the traffic police and ask to send a traffic controller.

Another common cause of road accidents is young drivers who have just obtained a driver's license and do not have sufficient driving experience.

In addition, some people, having studied at a driving school and received a license, long time do not drive. Someone went to study just “to be right”, someone plans to buy a car only in a few years, and is studying now “because there is time”, etc. When, after a few years, they finally decide to drive, by this time they completely forget everything they were taught in driving school. In this case, a driver's license gives them only the legal right to drive a car; but in order to also have a moral right, you need to practice on deserted roads or drive at night (when there are almost no cars on the streets) in order to remember the basic skills and not create several times per trip dangerous situations on the road.

Dear drivers! We ask you to pay attention to these causes of accidents and be careful and careful on the roads.

Traffic Police Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation for the Korenovsky District

Traffic Police Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs for the Korenovsky District calls on road users be mutually polite and follow the rules of the road