The myth about the quality of products in the USSR is leg10ner. Library of guests and regulatory documents

As practice shows, the quality of food products produced in the country is deteriorating every year, which negatively affects the health of the population of Russia, and also makes the products of domestic enterprises uncompetitive with foreign manufacturers, which, as a result, forces out domestic goods from store shelves and leads to the closure of manufacturing enterprises. .

This information is a repost from one site:

Another story about where everything is heading ...

Inspired by a recent report of cancer on the wife of a guy from the Honda Club.

Since I again got into the organization - the manufacturer of condensed milk - today we will talk about this product.

You have often seen various programs on TV, where they confusingly talk about how sad things are in this market ...

So this is what they say Kindergarten compared to reality.

It is worth noting that the condensed milk product itself was historically invented in America. Back in 1856. Mr. Borden came up with a simple technology for condensing milk with sugar by evaporating water. The resulting mass, which was (roughly) half dissolved sugar concentrate, half milk concentrate, was very useful in nature and easy to store. Its use in feeding soldiers in war time gave a strong impetus to the development of this product.

adopted in the USSR GOST 2903-78, which clearly regulated how, from what and in what this product should be packed.

The main thing was that you can only use natural milk and sugar. We ask for everything.

However, with the advent of the dashing 90s, the development of chemistry, coupled with the barry tendencies in the country, began the era of seaming in a can of technical specifications.

Until 2002, enterprises worked quite honestly - if GOST was written on the bank, then there was real milk, if TU - specifications(determine what the company decided to put in this product) - then anything could be in the product. The main stimulus for the development of bypass technologies was the desire to reduce costs.

This desire led to the replacement of the main component - milk with substances that, with certain tricks, can obtain formal parameters (control points) in the form of fat content, acidity, and so on. They began to put vegetable fats, then they replaced it with Palm oil, then ... then to substandard fats ... Instead of milk, powdered milk went into business, then whey - waste from cheese production. All this not only worsened the taste indicators, but also completely eliminated the concept of “benefit” in this product.

However, in 2003, a terrible time came. The factories realized that there was no government for them. And you can pour anything into a jar with the inscription GOST and there will be no sanctions. And the general culture of consumption of the population was and remains so low that it allows you to remember that GOST is good, the rest is bad. A striking representative of this trend was the plant of Glavprodukt — Verkhovsky Milk Canning Plant. These began to pour into the jar such that even the technologist, whom I personally know, said that she was stupidly fucking crazy from the arrogance of this company. Pieces of fat began to float in the jars, which, according to the laws of physics, concentrated around their own kind and turned into pieces of foreign bodies. Even more often there were deposits on the covers and walls.

The next round of lawlessness came when the price of tin went up. And it should be noted that we have a unique country. Tin is made at a single plant - Magnitogorsk. And as soon as power passed to the next commerce, prices rose somewhat. Factories began experimenting with the thickness and quality of tinplate. The result was cans with rusty tin.

Recently I saw a unique can of boiled milk from Glavproduct - tin and welding are so bad that fat, probably not milk, flows out through the seam on the can ... Right in the store on the shelf THIS is worth it. And all don't give a damn.

I note that when all the juices were already squeezed out of the product and there was nothing sacred left in the rusty “flapping” thin tin cans, our state realized that something good had to be done to support our rapidly developing industry.

And they began to rewrite GOSTs.

The first to replace the normal Soviet GOST came GOST R 53436-2009, where the horizon was slightly expanded.

The absence of a pronounced taste of milk, the use of a whole list of E ...

But in principle, there, in the jar, there should have been milk.

However, the producers were concerned that the mentality of the buyer would not allow them to sell the rest of the junk without the GOST inscription. And the state went forward.

They adopted GOST R 53507-2009, which states that everything can be in the jar, except, perhaps, a live rat and strontium. On two sheets, those components that were invented by our and not our chemists could hardly fit. But now the word GOST can be safely used on the label on a completely legal basis.

But for those who do not fit into these standards, that is, there is another loophole. A huge inscription GOST ISO 9001-2001 is carried out on the front label. It's funny that this GOST generally does not refer to the product, to the certification of the plant for compliance with ISO requirements. In other words, a chimera.

And today, the shelves are filled with products that not only do not correspond to the elementary characteristics of condensed milk, but are also stupidly harmful for consumption. Let's not talk about children...

I would like to note the main players who have not seen condensed milk in a can of condensed milk for a long time.

This cohort constitutes the waste-producing elite.

The Verkhovsky Combine is the patrimony of Glavprodukt, and that says it all. Not only is there no milk, but the composition of the product is such that horror takes.

The Gagarin plant is the patrimony of proud Armenians who feed "these Russians" with junk. Because they will eat everything.

Porech Combine - a semi-underground office in a dilapidated dirty workshop in Yaroslavl region. The quality of products has long been legendary.

Ostankino plant - makes condensed milk in plastic jar from sour cream. Junk is still ...

On the reverse side of this medal, there are worthy plants.

Alekseevsky - there is a line of quality products, but it is rarely on the shelves. They made a name for themselves, and then they began to push shnyaga under this name. But even in their best milk - the proportion of what should not be there - reaches 30%. For there is not as much milk in the country as we eat dairy products. Alas.

Rogachev Combine (Belarus) - everything would be fine, but there is a problem with the radiation background of raw materials entering the plant. Alas, the echoes of Chernobyl will haunt us all for a long time to come. And for some reason, recently everyone has noted a decrease in the quality of the product.

Glubokoe plant (Belarus) - they know how and sometimes they make high-quality milk.

It is not necessary to understand this, it is useful to know for information.

But you need to remember only one thing - a can of condensed milk in an AUCHAN network cannot cost less than 50 rubles. Brilliant offers for 20 - 25 rubles - a guaranteed purchase of the periodic table.

And never buy cheap boiled milk. Substandard products of the plant are poured into it and digested. Often with significant excesses in terms of microbiology. Which is already dangerous. However, if white milk with microflora bombards (blows) the jar, then there will be no boiled milk, although the microflora will be unreal there.

Do not even take bottled condensed milk in your hands - such a bottle of real milk is 1 kg. should cost about 100 rubles, but usually costs 60.

Taking into account the fact that not a single plant operates at a loss, it is worth considering that you remain at a loss by buying cheap stuff and, most importantly, by putting this muck in your mouth.

Unfortunately, recently the situation with the effectiveness of regulatory bodies, and most importantly with their powers, is so sad that there are no real measures to influence the plants. Not only lawlessness flourishes there in terms of the composition of the product, but also in terms of microbiology. In other words, E. coli.

Since I do not work in any of the listed plants, believe me - this is just good advice.

I will say briefly - if you really need it - take the expensive one from the three listed good factories. The rest - not worth it, to put it mildly ...

Worth a look!!!

From 01.01.2012 the following national standards come into force with the right of early application:

GOST R 51865-2002 "Pasta products" is replaced by GOST R 51865-2010 "Pasta products";

Instead of GOST 7699-78 "Potato starch", GOST R 53876-2010 "Potato starch" is introduced;

GOST R 53882-2010 “Lamb bakery products” is being introduced instead of GOST 30354-96 “Lamb bakery products”;

Instead of GOST 15977 “Canned sugar corn”, GOST R 53958-2010 “Natural canned food. Sweet corn";

Instead of GOST 15842 “Canned green peas”, GOST R 54050-2010 “Natural canned food. Green peas";

Instead of GOST 3858-73 "Sauerkraut", GOST 7180-73 "Salted cucumbers" and GOST 7181-73 "Salted tomatoes", GOST R 53972-2010 "Salted and pickled vegetables" is introduced;

Instead of GOS 5284-84 “Canned meat “stewed beef”, GOST R 54033-2010 “Canned meat. Stewed meat."

In addition, for the first time since July 1, 2011, national standard GOST R 53861-2010 “Products of dietary (therapeutic and preventive) nutrition. Composite dry protein mixes”, and from 01.01.2012 GOST R 53952-2010 “Enriched drinking milk” is introduced.

Trade classification

According to trade classification distinguish the following groups of goods: bakery, confectionery, fruits and vegetables, tea, coffee, juices, water, wine and vodka, meat, fish, dairy, tobacco products.
Moreover, in trade foodstuffs can be allocated to grocery and gastronomic groups.
AT grocery group includes flour, cereals, pasta, tea, coffee, salt, sugar, vegetable oil, spices and other products; in gastronomic, as a rule, ready-to-eat products - sausages, ham products (meat gastronomy), smoked, dried, baked fish, balyk products (fish gastronomy), butter, sour cream, cheeses (dairy gastronomy) and canned food.
Within the group, according to the standard, goods are distinguished by species, types, varieties (depending on origin or production) and varieties (depending on quality indicators).
A commodity grade is a gradation of the quality of a product of a certain type according to one or more quality indicators, established regulatory documentation. So, there are types of coffee of natural origin: Brazilian, Indian, Colombian, etc.; depending on production - raw or fried, in grains, ground or soluble without sediment. According to the quality indicators, coffee beans and ground coffee are of the highest and 1st commercial grades.
Fresh fruits, berries, vegetables have different natural varieties according to biological characteristics. For fruits and berries they are called pomological, for grapes - ampelographic, for vegetables - economic and botanical.
In fish, families are distinguished (the family of sturgeon, salmon, herring, etc.), genera.
An assortment is a set of types, varieties, names of goods, united by some feature. It can be industrial (industrial) and commercial. Industrial assortment - the composition of products by types, types, grades, brands, produced by a particular industry or a separate enterprise. The trade assortment is called the range of goods sold through wholesale and retail trade organizations.
The concept of a rational and balanced diet, which contributes to an increase in the culture of consumption and the formation of reasonable needs of people, requires the improvement of the range of food products.

Food labeling

In accordance with the law "On the Protection of Consumer Rights", food packaging must contain the following information:

Name, address of the manufacturer, other contact information, Name of the product and its consumer properties (composition, weight, grade, caliber, the nutritional value, energy value, storage conditions, method of preparation, etc.), Standards on the basis of which this product is produced (GOST, TU), or to which it complies (Russian Standard mark), Production time and shelf life of the product.

The main labeling carriers for food products are goods, packaging, labels, control sheets, inserts, price tags.

Directly the goods can be marked by applying a brand or stamp. The brand is applied to products such as meat, offal, meat products, eggs. There are several ways to apply the stamp - burning or applying a special paint. And also stamps can be pressed in, typical example cheese marking, or gouge. The stamp is also often applied directly to the packaging of the product, for example, data such as the manufacturer's code number, batch number and date of manufacture are usually stamped into tin cans with canned meat and fish. Similar stamps, only applied with paint, can be seen on the packaging of dairy and fat-and-oil products, for example, stamps are applied to packages of milk and kefir, packs of cottage cheese and butter.

In situations where the packaging is not intended for the application of information, a label is affixed to it. The label usually contains the above mandatory information about the product, but it paper base allows you to get high-quality marking, in terms of printing, design and color.

Another information carrier can be an insert, which is often used in the confectionery industry, for example, an insert can be seen in colorful boxes of chocolates or packages of cookies. And the last information carrier for food products is the price tag, which provides information about the retail price of the product.

Markings such as trademarks, bar coding, anti-counterfeiting marks, eco-labels and prestige marks are becoming increasingly important today.

A trademark is an individual name of a product, a kind of guarantee of the declared quality, and the consumer today is becoming more and more picky and demanding. Trademarks are actively created, used and promoted by food manufacturers, this trend is already spreading even to such unified products as canned meat, fish and dairy, cereals.

It is relevant today to apply a bar code to food packaging, because many retail chains, supermarkets and large grocery stores are introducing automated accounting systems based on the use of a bar code on packages. A barcode is a type of encoding information about a product, which is represented by a sequence of strips of a certain height, but of different widths. The barcode is read by special lasers and allows you to control the process of goods movement. In our country, the EAN-13 (European Article Numbering) bar coding standard is supported, which includes a sequence of 13 strokes, carrying information about the country, manufacturer and product code. Manufacturers wishing to place a bar code on their product packaging must be prepared to purchase special equipment for its application, and some work to develop this procedure. Indeed, in order for the barcode on the package to really “work”, and not just serve as an ornament, certain conditions for its application must be observed.

You can often find prestige marks on packages. Such marking has the function of an emotional stimulus, it includes such signs as " Best Product on the Russian market”, “Product of the Year”, and other signs confirming the success of the product when participating in various exhibitions and competitions. This marking, as it were, guarantees the quality of the product, stimulating the purchase by the consumer.

Eco-labeling is very popular today abroad, as ecology is one of the global problems today. Environmental symbols can have several meanings: confirm the environmental friendliness of the product, confirm the possibility of packaging recycling, encourage care for environment, for example, a label urging you to throw away the packaging when using the product only in the waste bins.

Popular in our country and this type of marking, as signs of protection against counterfeiting. After all, for some groups of goods, the percentage of counterfeit and low-quality products reached a value of 70-80% a few years ago.

Manufacturers who have serious intentions for the domestic market have to not only individualize their product with the help of trademark, but also to work out systems for protecting products from fakes, various stamps, watermarks, packaging forms, etc. This is the type of label that neither producers nor consumers would like to meet, especially in the food market.

Food labeling is one way to provide consumers with their product, so manufacturers should be careful about its application, especially if the product is food. With proper application of markings on a product, packaging or label, marking can become one of the factors for successful marketing.

Labeling of packaging materials

« Der Grune Punkt". Green dot. Since 1990, it has been placed on packaging materials, and means that the manufacturer guarantees the acceptance and recycling of labeled packaging material. Used in Germany, France, Belgium, Ireland, Luxembourg, Austria, Spain and Portugal and several other countries:

Triangle of three arrows - " Möbius loop”, means that the material from which the packaging is made can be recycled, or that the packaging is partially or completely made from recycled materials:

Recyclable plastic sign. This sign is placed on all types of polymer packaging. Plastic packaging is divided into 7 types of plastics, each of them has its own digital symbol, which manufacturers apply to inform about the type of material, the possibilities of its processing and to simplify the sorting procedure before sending the plastic for recycling and recycling:

The number indicating the type of plastic is located inside the triangle. Under the triangle letter abbreviation, denoting the type of plastic:

1. PET or PAT- polyethylene terphthalate. Used for the manufacture of packaging (bottles, cans, boxes, etc.) for bottling soft drinks, juices, water. Also, this material can be found in packages for different kind powders, free-flowing food products etc. Very well recyclable and reusable.
2. HDPE or LDPE- polyethylene high pressure. Used to make mugs and bags for milk and water, bottles for bleach, shampoos, detergents and cleaners. For making plastic bags. Canister for engine and other machine oils, etc. Very well recyclable and reusable.
3. PVC or PVC- polyvinyl chloride. Used for packing liquids for window cleaning, food vegetable oils. Cans are made from it for packaging bulk food products and various kinds of edible fats. And it is this plastic that is practically not recyclable. Moreover, there is evidence that the carcinogen vinyl chloride contained in it has the ability to penetrate food, and then into the human body. Also for the production of PVC, many additives are used that are very toxic to humans: phthalates, heavy metals, etc. And yet, the process of production, use and disposal of PVC is accompanied by the formation a large number dioxins (most dangerous poisons) and other extremely toxic chemical substances.
4. LDPE or HDPE- polyethylene low pressure. Used in production plastic bags, flexible plastic packaging and for the production of some plastic bottles. Good for recycling and reuse.
5. PP or PP- polypropylene. Bottle caps, discs, syrup and ketchup bottles, yogurt cups, and film packaging are made from it.
6. PS or PS- polystyrene. It is used in the production of pallets for meat and poultry, containers for eggs.
7. OTHER or OTHER. A mixture of various plastics or polymers not listed above. Packaging marked with this number cannot be recycled and ends its life cycle in a landfill or in an incinerator.
Among the signs used on the territory of Russia, it is usedsystem conformity mark mandatory certification according to environmental requirements:

Every poor country has disgusting food. This is the law, it works everywhere without exception, unless, of course, the country is so poor that people are fed from the land. Russia has become significantly poorer over the past couple of years. However, our people, contrary to common sense, began to praise the food. Many are convinced that fresh Abkhazian tangerines, full-fat domestic milk and natural Belarusian cottage cheese finally got on their table.

Heavy instruments of self-hypnosis are used, turning greenhouse Chinese tomatoes into fragrant Krasnodar ones. The person who praises Rossiyskiy cheese in 2016 has previously done complex psychological work with himself. We have become fashionable to pretend that you understand food. And knowingly "savor" repeatedly thawed Argentine beef. Maybe people are ashamed that they, not having had time to get to know the taste of real food, again switched to compound feed.

Shame makes you keep your face to the last.

Nostalgia processes the consciousness of Russians even more strongly. An insidious trap: a person, it would seem, misses the times when he was young, fresh and in a hurry to own wedding, and in the end, his feelings are reduced to longing for saltpeter sausage and crushed tomatoes.

If Russia today is only slipping into poverty, then Soviet Union was a poor country. And the poor don't eat well. And they didn't eat.

Today, Russia is approaching the Belarusian ones in terms of the quality of products. And this is a fall, not an increase.

The same nostalgia for the Potato cake helps to survive it. If you try to make cottage cheese or yogurt from the Belarusian milk bought on the market or in the "farm" store, you are unlikely to succeed. Also, it will not work to ferment real milk with Belarusian yogurt or sour cream. Not surprisingly, the production raw milk in Belarus each year is growing sharply, and since 2000 the number of livestock has been at the level of 4.3-4.4 million heads. On the other hand, imports of milk, cream, condensed milk and palm oil from the European Union, Asia, Latin America. And exports skyrocketed.

The Belarusians themselves, by the way, are not happy with their products and prefer to buy goods in Poland, Lithuania or Latvia - all sorts of "bags" create long traffic jams at the border.

Because the Belarusians know that their products are the most Soviet, and the producers are responsible with their heads not for the quality, but for the plan.

My mother taught merchandising in Soviet times. From an early age, I spent my free time in my mother's classes. Or at the lectures of her colleagues who taught food technology, accounting and reporting of the grocery store. I honed my reading skills on collections of food GOSTs.

Few people know that Soviet food standards, firstly, had notes indicating the possibility of replacing one ingredient with another. Secondly, GOSTs were changed frequently, for some types of products even twice a season, depending on the crop and milk yield. Thirdly, products for domestic use and for export were made according to different GOSTs. So, for export sausages, it was forbidden to use any packaging films, except for cellophane.

A varied list of phosphates, nitrates and nitrites was also used only in sausages for the domestic market - for example, sodium phosphate monosubstituted 2-water, which is also used as a laxative and as a component of glass washing liquid. A common ingredient in washing powders, sodium tripolyphosphate was also used in sausages. To preserve the color, sodium and potassium nitrates were used - unconditional carcinogens. Boiled sausages and sausages were allowed to contain 5,000 mg of nitrites per kilogram - when frying, they turned into toxins.

The list of "improvers" and substitutes in sausages alone was huge. GOSTs officially allowed the use of cheek meat, boiled hooves, bladders, cow passages in sausages instead of trimmed meat ...

Each type of sausage was accompanied by a note indicating the possibility of replacing the ingredients: trimmed mutton with lean meat in volume up to 15%, meat in beef sausage for pork trimmings - up to 20%, buffalo and yak meat instead of beef - up to 100%, old sausages, sausages and sausages were allowed to be put in fresh ones, extracts were allowed to be used instead of natural spices, salt boiled bones and plasma were allowed to replace the meat mass, up to 10% of the sausage could consist of cuts of old smoked meats.

And finally, the final and most important note in the sausage GOST 23670-79, as amended in 1980, says that “instead of beef, pork, lamb, the joint use of a protein stabilizer, a mass of meat beef, or pork, or mutton, food plasma (serum) blood is allowed , starch or wheat flour.

And this is just one GOST. And there were hundreds of them. And thousands of technical specifications, according to which most food products were produced. According to specifications, the oil for frying chips was replaced every eight months.

"Birch sap" for kindergartens was sweetened water with vitamins.

About quality confectionery say Soviet GOST 240-85 for margarine, cooking and combined fats, which made it possible to produce fats from the same palm oil, palm stearin, cotton palmitin. And palm oil was then much lower purity.

Cakes "Potato", cake "Log" according to specifications were prepared from scraps, crumbs, marriage of biscuits and cookies with the addition of cooking oil and cocoa powder substitute. Cake and sweets "Ptichye Moloko" were also prepared according to specifications from a variety of substitutes. There were no GOSTs with agar-agar, cocoa butter and natural eggs for Bird's Milk; today they are invented by culinary bloggers who make money on longing for the Soviet system. The current producers of "GOST" chocolates make money on it. pure water business on blind nostalgia.

People yearn for the chocolate icing made from combi fat, which they were sold for the price of modern truffles.

Ice cream, about which patriots moan so loudly today, was produced according to GOST only until 1966, and after that it began to be produced according to specifications, and there were years when each republic had its own specifications for ice cream, depending on the situation with the dairy industry. According to the specifications, ice cream was made from vegetable fats, combined fat, starch and flour were added instead of agar-agar, and in the early 1980s, creamy ice cream varieties were replaced with dairy ones: creamy ice cream remained only in Moscow and Leningrad, but no one was going to feed the provinces in fat.

Ice cream in the provinces was not six - eight varieties, as in the capitals, but one - three.

In the south of Russia, there were regions where, since the 1970s, no ice cream was sold outside the regional centers, except for tomato, because all dairy products from agricultural regions were exported cleanly to Moscow. In Tyumen, the third kind of ice cream (milk popsicle) appeared only in the late 1980s, and before that there was only milk in a glass and milk on a stick. The second channel on TV, by the way, also appeared only at the end of the Union, before that they got by with the first one.

I must say that GOSTs and even TUs were not an indicator of the quality of products. Theft, deceit in the Soviet Food Industry and trade were ubiquitous. And sometimes at the official level. At large sausage factories there were ordinary workshops with cheek sausage, meat-and-bone boiling and bladder, and the Gostovsky workshop, which worked for special rations, the Beryozka store and the OBKhSS, products for bribes and control came from this workshop. In smaller factories, they simply launched different lines. For example, two shifts with double capacity produced starched sausage, and the third, at night, drove the Gost standard.

Dairy products, which, according to GOSTs, by the way, were also powdered and with vegetable fats, were mercilessly diluted and stolen.

Milk was diluted even on the collective farm, then - on the way to the dairy, on the way from the factory to the store, in the store.

Sour cream was diluted with diluted milk according to the same scheme, if necessary, compensating for the losses with starch. Sour cream, in which there is a spoon, is not sour cream, but starchy porridge: in normal sour cream, a spoon should not stand. People who yearn for a spoonful of sour cream simply did not see anything good in Soviet life. Because then everyone was stealing.

Only on a large scale that the state put up with it and introduced the concept of natural loss, hoping that the thieves would leave at least a little to the people. Allowed for different products different level natural loss, up to 20%, it included shrinkage, shrinkage, beating, spoilage, marriage, refusal and theft. But they began to steal even more: they legally collected cream and fatty sour cream, cut hams from chickens, cut off a shoulder blade, carried away fresh fruit in the amount of permissible loss, and then took it in excess of the norm and also diluted it, made it heavier, pumped it up with water. The trick about weighting chickens with water was not invented in retail chains - it was discovered even under the tsar.

And how much did such joy cost? A liter of sour cream in the central zone cost one and a half rubles, in remote regions - 1 ruble. 65 kop. A liter of milk - 48-50 kopecks. Creamy ice cream in Moscow until the mid-1980s cost 19 kopecks, and such a miracle as milk ice cream cost 21 kopecks at the borders of the homeland.

Sweets with condensed milk, molasses and fudge made from vegetable oils with cocoa waste such as "Petrel", "Pilot", "Swallow" cost 3 rubles in the third price zone. 40 kop. Allegedly, chocolates such as "Mask" and "Rillage in Chocolate" cost up to 15 rubles. Soup sets - 1.5 rubles, meat that has never been on sale - 2.5 rubles. Meat on the market - from 7 rubles.

A few percent of the population could afford to buy goods in the market. With a good Soviet salary of 120 rubles.

Don't listen to those who say that Soviet people earned 250-400 rubles. Only elite intellectual workers, miners, shift workers-geologists had such money. In 1976, 39% of the country's population, or almost 100 million people, lived in villages and villages, where a good salary was 60-80 rubles. Grassroots intelligentsia in the countryside received up to 100 rubles, in the city - 110-130 rubles. per month.

In 1965, the Central Research economic institution The State Planning Commission of the RSFSR revealed that 73.51% of citizens did not reach the poverty line in terms of income, earning less than 65 rubles. per month. In 1970 average salary, combined from the salaries of a milkmaid and a Stakhanovist miner, in the Union was 122 rubles, and the median, that is, the most common, was 98 rubles. At tariff scale there were coefficients: the farther from Moscow the cashier of the same savings bank lived, the less he earned.

Salaries middle class the specialist was enough for 6.5 kg of "chocolate" sweets or 10 kg good meat. Fortunately, they were almost never on sale - I didn’t have to be upset.

People ate little, bought little by little. My mother, who had to go to stores on the other side of the counter, recalls that people bought sweets of 100-150 grams at most. In paper bags.

Cheese - 150 g each, butter - 50-60 g each. On the day of receiving a pension in the area of ​​​​pension, old women felled to the grocery store - "for butter". To prevent staff from having ideological conflicts with everyday life, they were explained at trade union meetings that soviet man prefers to buy little by little, but fresh.

The authorities then faced the task of filling the belly of the people at any cost. Stearin, starch and bone decoctions were used. To prevent citizens from stretching their legs, if possible, vitamin-mineral complexes were added to the products. The same as for livestock.

From the provinces to Moscow and Leningrad, they raked out all the edible stocks, leaving the outback to queue for the Chayna sausage and sweets-pillows. Prices grew as they moved away from the capital, the whole country was divided into three price zones, prices for many goods were indicated for three belts at once. Moscow did not pay attention to this, and the provinces quickly forgot that they lived from hand to mouth. And today it is desperately torn into poverty, to the Soviet "birch" sap and cubes of combined fat.

GOST 108-76 Cocoa powder. Specifications

GOST 11041-88 Russian cheese. Specifications

GOST 1129-93 Sunflower oil. Specifications

GOST 11293-89 Gelatin. Specifications

GOST 12003-76 Dried fruits. Packaging, marking, transportation and storage

GOST 12183-66 Rye-wheat and wheat-rye wholemeal baking flour. Specifications

GOST 12306-66 Soft vitreous wheat flour for pasta. Specifications

GOST 13342-77 Dried vegetables. Packaging, marking, transportation and storage

GOST 13907-86 Fresh eggplant. Specifications

GOST 13908-68 Fresh sweet pepper. Specifications

GOST 14176-69 Corn flour. Specifications

GOST 15043-69 Dried pitted peaches - dried apricots without factory processing

GOST 15842-90 Canned green peas. Specifications

GOST 15849-89 Canned fruits and berries for baby food. Specifications

GOST 15877-70 Canned sugar corn. Specifications

GOST 15979-70 Canned string beans. Specifications

GOST 16079-70 Salted whitefish. Specifications

GOST 16080-02 Salted Far Eastern salmon. Specifications

GOST 16270-70 Fresh apples early dates maturation. Specifications

GOST 1629-97 Salmon granular cask caviar. Specifications

GOST 1633-73 Vegetable marinades. Specifications

GOST 16599-71 Vanillin. Specifications

GOST 16730-71 Dried green peas. Specifications

GOST 16731-71 Dried white parsley, celery and parsnip roots. Specifications

GOST 16732-71 Dried parsley, celery and dill. Specifications

GOST 16831-71 Sweet almond kernel. Specifications

GOST 16832-71 Walnuts. Specifications

GOST 16833-71 Walnut kernel. Specifications

GOST 16834-81 Hazelnuts. Specifications

GOST 16835-81 Hazelnut kernels. Specifications

GOST 171-81 Pressed baking yeast. Specifications

GOST 1721-85 Fresh table carrots harvested and supplied. Specifications

GOST 1722-85 Fresh table beet harvested and supplied. Specifications

GOST 1723-86 Fresh onion harvested and supplied. Specifications

GOST 1724-85 Fresh white cabbage harvested and supplied. Specifications

GOST 1725-85 Fresh tomatoes. Specifications

GOST 1726-85 Fresh cucumbers. Specifications

GOST 17594-81 Dry bay leaf. Specifications

GOST 18173-04 Canned granular salmon caviar. Specifications

GOST 19215-73 Fresh cranberries. Requirements for procurement, supply and sale

GOST 1937-90 Black loose leaf tea not packaged. Specifications

GOST 1938 Black tea. Specifications

GOST 1939-90 Packed green tea. Specifications

GOST 19792-01 Natural honey. Specifications

GOST 20414-93 Frozen squid and cuttlefish. Specifications

GOST 20845-02 Frozen shrimp. Specifications

GOST 21-94 Sugar-sand. Specifications

GOST 21122-75 Fresh apples of late ripening. Specifications

GOST 21149-93 Oat flakes. Specifications

GOST 2156-76 Sodium bicarbonate. Specifications

GOST 21713-76 Fresh pears of late ripening. Specifications

GOST 21714-76 Fresh early ripening pears. Specifications

GOST 21832-76 Fresh apricots. Specifications

GOST 21833-76 Fresh peaches. Specifications

GOST 21920-76 Large fresh plum and cherry plum. Specifications

GOST 21921-76 Fresh cherry. Specifications

GOST 21922-76 Fresh cherries. Specifications

GOST 22-94 Refined sugar. Specifications

GOST 22371-77 Pureed or crushed fruits and berries, with sugar. Specifications

GOST 25391-82 Broiler chicken meat. Specifications

GOST 25832-89 Diet bakery products. Specifications

GOST 25896-83 Fresh table grapes. Specifications

GOST 26832-86 Fresh potatoes for food processing. Specifications

GOST 27168-86 Flour for baby food. Specifications

GOST 27568-87 Hard rennet cheeses for export. Specifications

GOST 27569-87 Fresh marketable garlic. Specifications

GOST 276-60 Wheat groats (Poltava, "Artek"). Specifications

GOST 27844-88 Bakery products. Specifications

GOST 28402-89 Breadcrumbs. General specifications

GOST 28414-89 Fats for cooking, confectionery and baking industry. General specifications

GOST 28432-90 Dried potatoes. Specifications

GOST 28483-90 Dried baker's yeast. Specifications

GOST 28501-90 Dried stone fruits. Specifications

GOST 28502-90 Dried pome fruits. Specifications

GOST 28620-90 Butter bakery products. General specifications

GOST 28698-90 Small salted fish. General specifications

GOST 2903-78 Condensed whole milk with sugar. Specifications

GOST 29055-91 Spices. Coriander. Specifications

GOST 29135-91 Fruit juices. General specifications

GOST 29187-91 Frozen fruits and berries. General specifications

GOST 29276-92 Canned fish for baby food. Specifications

GOST 30054-03 Canned fish and seafood preserves. Terms and Definitions

GOST 30314-06 Frozen scallop fillet. Specifications

GOST 3034-75 Oatmeal. Specifications

GOST 30363-96 Egg products. General specifications

GOST 30545-99 Canned meat for feeding infants. General specifications

GOST 30650-99 Canned poultry for children. General specifications

GOST 3343-89 Concentrated tomato products. General specifications

GOST 37-91 Cow butter. Specifications

GOST 3858-73 Sauerkraut. Specifications

GOST 3948-90 Frozen fish fillet. Specifications

GOST 4.29-71 Canned meat and meat and vegetables. Nomenclature of indicators

GOST 4427-82 Oranges. Specifications

GOST 4428-82 Tangerines. Specifications

GOST 4429-82 Lemons. Specifications

GOST 52783-07 Milk for feeding children of preschool and school age. Specifications

GOST 52819-07 Canned poultry meat for dietary (prophylactic) nutrition of young children. Specifications

GOST 52820-07 Turkey meat for baby food. Specifications

GOST 5550-74 Buckwheat. Specifications

GOST 572-60 Polished millet groats. Specifications

GOST 5784-60 Barley groats. Specifications

GOST 6002-69 Corn grits. Specifications

GOST 6014-68 Fresh potatoes for processing. Specifications

GOST 6201-68 Polished peas. Specifications

GOST 6292-93 Rice groats. Specifications

GOST 6534-89 Chocolate. General specifications

GOST 6828-89 Fresh strawberries. Requirements for procurement, supply and sale

GOST 6882-88 Dried grapes. Specifications

GOST 6929-88 Jam. General specifications

GOST 7009-88 Jams. General specifications

GOST 7022-97 Semolina. Specifications

GOST 7061-88 Jam. General specifications

GOST 7066-77 Food plate lentils. Procurement and delivery requirements

GOST 7176-85 Fresh food potatoes, harvested and supplied. Specifications

GOST 7180-73 Pickled cucumbers. Specifications

GOST 7231-90 Canned tomatoes. General specifications

GOST 7448-06 Salted fish. Specifications

GOST 7449-96 Salted salmon fish. Specifications

GOST 7616-85 Hard rennet cheeses. Specifications

GOST 7699-78 Potato starch. Specifications

GOST 7758-75 Food beans. Specifications

GOST 7825-96 Soybean oil. Specifications

GOST 7967-87 Fresh red cabbage. Specifications

GOST 7968-89 Fresh cauliflower. Requirements for procurement, supply and sale

GOST 7975-68 Food fresh pumpkin. Specifications

GOST 7977-87 Fresh garlic harvested and supplied. Specifications

GOST 815-04 Salted herring. Specifications

GOST 8714-72 Edible fat from fish and marine mammals. Specifications

GOST 8988-02 Rapeseed oil. Specifications

GOST 908-04 Food grade citric acid monohydrate. Specifications

GOST 937-72 Natural tomato juice. Specifications

GOST R 50647-94 Catering. Terms and Definitions

GOST R 50763-07 Culinary products sold to the public. General specifications

GOST R 51172-98 Food concentrates. Medical-prophylactic cereals for baby food. Specifications

GOST R 51187-98 Semi-finished minced meat products, dumplings, minced meat for baby food. General specifications

GOST R 51331-99 Yoghurts. General specifications

GOST R 51495-99 Frozen squid. Specifications

GOST R 51496-99 Raw, blanched and boiled frozen shrimps. Specifications

GOST R 51603-00 Fresh bananas. Specifications

GOST R 51770-01 Canned meat products for feeding infants. General specifications

GOST R 51782-01 Fresh table carrots sold in retail trading network. Specifications

GOST R 51783-01 Fresh onion sold in a retail network. Specifications

GOST R 51785-01 Bakery products. Terms and Definitions

GOST R 51808-01 Fresh food potatoes sold in a retail network. Specifications

GOST R 51809-01 Fresh white cabbage sold in a retail network. Specifications

GOST R 51917-02 Dairy and milk-containing products. Terms and Definitions

GOST R 51934-02 Jam. Specifications

GOST R 51985-02 Corn starch. General specifications

GOST R 52092-03 Sour cream. Specifications

GOST R 52093-03 Kefir. Specifications

GOST R 52094-03 Ryazhenka. Specifications

GOST R 52095-03 Curdled milk. Specifications

GOST R 52096-03 Cottage cheese. Specifications

GOST R 52109-03 Drinking water packaged in containers. General specifications

GOST R 52121-03 Edible chicken eggs. Specifications

GOST R 52183-03 Canned food. Vegetable juices. Tomato juice. Specifications

GOST R 52184-03 Canned food. Fruit juices of direct extraction. Technical conditions

GOST R 52185-03 Concentrated fruit juices. Specifications

GOST R 52186-03 Canned food. Reconstituted fruit juices. Specifications

GOST R 52187-03 Canned food. Fruit nectars. General specifications

GOST R 52188-03 Canned food. Fruit juice drinks. General specifications

GOST R 52189-03 Wheat flour. General specifications

GOST R 52198-03 Canned meat and vegetable products for nutrition of young children. Specifications

GOST R 52199-03 Canned meat (class A). Meat puree for children. Specifications

GOST R 52253-04 Butter and butter paste from cow's milk. General specifications

GOST R 52306-05 Poultry meat (carcasses of chickens, broiler chickens and their cut parts) for baby food. Specifications

GOST R 52418-05 Mechanically deboned chicken meat for baby food. Specifications

GOST R 52465-05 Sunflower oil. Specifications

GOST R 52474-05 Canned food. Juices, nectars and cocktails for the nutrition of young children. Specifications

GOST R 52475-05 Fruit-based canned food for feeding young children. Specifications

GOST R 52476-05 Vegetable-based canned food for feeding young children. Specifications

GOST R 52478-05 Beef and veal for the production of baby food. Specifications

GOST R 52674-06 Meat and offal, frozen in blocks, for the production of food products for young children. Specifications

GOST R 52687-06 Fermented milk products enriched with bifidobacteria bifidum. Specifications

GOST R 52704-06 Canned meat and vegetable products from poultry meat for nutrition of young children. Specifications

GOST R 52705-06 Poultry meat-based canned food for feeding young children. Specifications

GOST R 52783-07 Milk for feeding children of preschool and school age. Specifications

GOST R 52818-07 Cooked sausage products from poultry meat for baby food. General specifications

GOST R 52820-07 Turkey meat for baby food. Specifications

GOST R 52969-08 Butter. Specifications

GOST R 52992-08 Semi-smoked sausages for baby food. Specifications

GOST R 52995-08 Soy milk. Determination of the content of soy and pea proteins

GOST R 53353-09 Frozen granular salmon caviar. Specifications

GOST R 53645-09 Cooked sausage products for baby food. Specifications

TU 10.02.01.98.89 Frozen dumplings for baby food

TU 9110-290-05747152-99 Molodetsky bakery products

TU 9115-034-17028327-05 Bakery products Lyceum

TU 9119-355-23476484-04 School pizza

TU 9119-368-23476484-05 Pancakes with fruit filling

TU 9131-002-00340641-98 Cookies and cookies fortified with Ca, Fe for children

TU 9137-095-00334675-04 Wafers with vitamins

TU 9212-460-00419779-02 Processed meat by-products

TU 9213-733-00419779-02 Children's sausages

TU 9213-737-00419779-02 Ham in casing

TU 9213-738-00419779-02 Boiled-smoked sausages for children

TU 9213-739-00419779-02 Semi-smoked sausages

TU 9213-798-00419779-04 Sausages for children

TU 9213-853-00419779-04 Cooked sausage products premium for nutrition of children of school and preschool age

TU 9214-209-00008064-97 Semi-finished minced meat and vegetable products for baby food

TU 9214-345-23476484-01 Frozen dumplings

TU 9214-364-23476484-04 School pancakes

TU 9214-375-23476484-09 Semi-finished products from turkey meat

TU 9214-770-00419779-02 Semi-finished natural chopped meat products for nutrition of preschool and school children, dietary nutrition

TU 9217-215-00008064-98 Canned food. Meat pate for preschool meals

TU 9222-007-00869318-09 Yoghurt. Specifications

TU 9222-047-00419006-05 Sterilized fortified drinking milk for baby food

TU 9222-195-004197.85-00 Sterilized fortified milk

TU 9222-355-00419785-04 Sour cream

TU 9266-134-00472124-04 Molded fish semi-finished products for preschool and school meals

When buying a pack of "Peasant" in a store, not everyone knows that he is not buying oil at all, but something similar to it in color and smell. And the manufacturer does not hide this, one has only to look at the packaging. How to distinguish real products, what kind of TU is and how it differs from GOST, read on.

Surely each of you paid attention to the mysterious abbreviation TU with a long number, located on the packaging of certain products. Many do not attach importance to this, and in vain. Also on some products you can find GOST with the number. Why does the manufacturer provide this information?

All products sold in stores must comply with either GOST or TU.

GOST

GOST - state industry standard, developed for most types of food. This is a standard approved by the state, in the development of which many different institutions, experts, departments took part. Thus, if the product complies with this GOST, we can say that this product is safe, its composition is known in advance and it is also known that there are no harmful and prohibited substances in the composition. Most of the GOSTs were developed in distant Soviet times when it was not customary to replace meat with soy, use chemical additives and genetically modified products. Therefore, even today, if a manufacturer claims that his product is produced in accordance with GOST, then we can hope that stew is just stew, and condensed milk is exactly milk, and not an incomprehensible liquid.

For example, let's take stew. It has GOST 5284-84, according to which canned beef stew must be produced according to the recipe:

name of raw materials	Mass fraction of components, %, by grade
	higher	first
Beef I category trimmed with a fat content of not more than 6%	87,0	-
Beef II category trimmed with a fat content of not more than 6%	-	87,0
Raw beef fat	10,5	10,5
Peeled chopped onion	1,33	1,33
Salt	1,14	1,14
Ground black pepper	0,01	0,01
Bay leaf	0,02	0,02

That's it, there shouldn't be anything else in it. Therefore, if you take beef stew from the shelves, on the can of which it is indicated that it is produced (corresponds to) GOST 5284-84, then you can be sure that it does not contain soy and meat in it at least 87%.

The same applies to other products - sausages, condensed milk, sour cream, butter, etc. If GOST is written on the package, you can take it and be sure that the jar contains exactly what is written on the package and you can eat it.

THAT

But not all cans of the same stew have GOST. On many copies flaunts TU - technical condition.

Many small and large manufacturers develop their own product standards. And they produce it precisely according to these personally created technical conditions. Tomorrow you can organize the production of any of your products, develop and register specifications for it, and calmly produce goods according to this specification.

As you might guess, almost anything can be included in these specifications - soy, dyes, and preservatives. Therefore, products according to specifications do not always differ in quality and safety.

For some goods, GOSTs become obsolete, and new specifications are being developed for them that meet new trends in the production of a particular product. And a product according to TU can be better and better than a product according to GOST, but this is not always the case. Let's get back to our favorite stew - why develop a new specification for it, if there is an excellent GOST? It’s right to put soybeans in a jar instead of meat, fill it all with preservatives and dyes. Formally, you can’t find fault with the manufacturer - he produced canned food according to his specifications. But the product, to put it mildly, did not quite turn out to be stew ...

Therefore, if you have a choice of what to take - a product in accordance with GOST or TU, take it in accordance with GOST, you will not lose. Yes, there may be cases when, according to GOST, the manufacturer does not comply with the recipe, but this is already a violation and you can complain about it.

Wordplay

Pay attention to the counter with butter in the store. The choice is huge: "Peasant", "Creamy", "Smolensk". Now take a closer look - on which of the packs is the word OIL written on it?

Everything is very simple, there is a play on words - when you see the name “Peasant” on the package, resembling a pack of butter, you think that this is oil and you buy it. But no, turn the pack over and you will see that this is a vegetable-fat spread produced according to TU. This is usually written in small letters on the back. There is no smell of oil here, as they say. Just the name is "Peasant". No matter how it sounds (vegetable-fat spread "Smolenskoe" for example), it will not become oil.

The same tricks with mayonnaise. "Salad" says the package, shaped like mayonnaise. Excuse me, what is this? The word "mayonnaise" is not on the package. Well, this is not mayonnaise at all - on the reverse side, all the same specifications. And the composition is full of chemistry ... GOST does not allow chemistry, therefore they do not write the word "mayonnaise" - because then you need to comply with the requirements of GOST.

Many more examples can be given:
“Homemade stew” - turn over the jar - canned food according to TU, and not necessarily with meat.
"Milk condensed milk" - we turn over the jar - it is produced according to technical specifications from powdered milk with an admixture of dyes and preservatives.