House series 1 447 standard project. Unusual redevelopment

I-447С. "Second generation" of five-story houses of the I-447 series. The houses of these series can be recognized by the adjacent pairs of balconies at the ends of the building and from the side of the entrances to the entrance. There are many modifications of this series: from 1-447S-1 to 1-447S-54.

Series: 1-447C

House type: brick, large block

Manufacturer: Glavmospromstroymaterialy (MPSM, currently part of the Glavstroy corporation) Development of standard projects residential buildings series 1-447C with an improved layout of apartments was launched by the Giprogor Institute in 1963 on the basis of design assignments approved on May 21, 1963 by the State Committee for Civil Engineering and Architecture under the USSR State Committee for Construction. Since 1964, the development of projects has been carried out by TsNIIEP housing.

Years of construction: 1963-1980s

Number of floors: 3 - 9

Number of rooms in apartments: 1, 2, 3, 4

Living quarters height: 2.48 m

Number of apartments per floor: 4

Number of sections (entrances): from 2

Type of sections (entrances): End (with a set of apartments on the floor 3-1-2-1, 1-2-2-2), ordinary (with a set of apartments on the floor 3-2-1-3, 2-3-2-2)

Section type: Houses of the 1-447 series can be either two-section or multi-section, mainly five floors, but there are also four-story buildings. The set of apartments is standard - 1, 2 and 3 room apartments, with total area from 28 sq.m. to 57 sq.m. Some of the two- and three-room apartments in the house have adjoining rooms; in the corner two- and three-room apartments, all rooms are isolated.

Elevators: No

Stairs: without a common fire balcony.

Ventilation: natural exhaust, blocks in the kitchen and in the bathroom (bathroom)

Garbage disposal: No

Technical floor: The solution of the zero cycle is provided in three versions - without a basement, with a technical underground, with a basement

Technical buildings: No

Balconies: in all apartments, starting from the 2nd floor

Bathrooms: combined

Exterior walls: External walls - seven-slit or porous-perforated brick, 38-40 cm thick (in early houses- up to 51 cm, but, as a rule, they used low-quality silicate brick

Internal walls: The inner central longitudinal wall, inter-apartment walls and walls of stairwells 27 cm thick (in early houses - 38 cm).

Inter-apartment and inter-room carriers: Interior partitions- large-panel gypsum concrete 8 cm thick

Covers: Ceilings - reinforced concrete hollow core slabs 22 cm thick

Series 1-447 is present in absolutely all regions of Russia, in terms of prevalence among brick 5-storey buildings of all periods, it occupies the 1st place. various sections maybe 3 or 4 apartments on the landing. In the databases of some BTI 5-storey brick houses series 1-447 are erroneously listed as series I-511 houses (1-511)

This nationwide series brick five-story buildings found distribution not only in all cities former USSR, but also in Moscow. A series of houses 1-447 continued from 1958 until 1980 in an already modified form. Based on a series of houses 1-447, several dozen modifications arose - from series 1-447C-1 to 1-447C-54. The changes affected primarily the number of storeys, equipping with elevators and updating the outer walls. Maybe that's why in terms of the demolition of houses of the 1-447 series, there is no particular excitement, with the exception of cases of reconstruction of entire districts.

The typical series of houses 1-447 is recognizable by the outer walls of gray or red unlined brick, two rows of windows at the ends of the house and rectangular case.

Houses of the 1-447 series can be either two-section or multi-section, mainly five floors, but there are also four-story buildings. The set of apartments is standard - 1, 2 and 3-room apartments, with a total area of 28 sq. m to 57 sq. m. There are 4 apartments on the floor. The type of sections is different. End sections can have the following set of flats: 3-1-2-1 or 1-2-2-2. In ordinary sections there are apartments with the following number of rooms - 3-2-1-3 or 2-3-2-2. Part of the 2 and 3-room apartments of the 1-447 series is designed with adjacent rooms, with the exception of only corner apartments, in which all rooms are isolated.

The strength of the construction of houses of the 1-447 series is achieved due to the strength of the load-bearing walls - the outer, inner central longitudinal, transverse inter-apartment walls and the walls of the flights of stairs are made of brick. Hollow cores were used as floors. reinforced concrete slabs, interior partitions are made of large-panel drywall. The roof can be four-pitched (in earlier series of houses 1-447), later - with a two-pitched slope. Coating type - roofing material, slate and roofing iron.

In addition to structural strength, among the advantages of the 1-447 series houses is the isolation of rooms and the possibility of redevelopment of adjacent rooms into isolated ones. You can also change the configuration of the internal space due to the demolition of interior partitions. All apartments, except for the first floors, have balconies.

The disadvantages include the following, typical for five-story buildings:
. lack of an elevator and a garbage chute in low-rise versions
. small kitchen (6 sqm)
. combined bathroom
. low ceilings (2.5 m)
. small rooms

When conducting overhaul, houses of the 1-447 series are usually faced with plaster, if necessary, equipped with elevator units. Among the most common modified series, two stand out - the 1-447 series and the 1-447C series.

Structure and floor plan of the early versions of series 1-447

Multi-storey versions

There are also 9-story residential buildings of the 1-447C series (as well as hotels and hostels of this series). These are either "towers" with one or two entrances, or multi-section houses.

1-447 is one of the most common in the country. Houses of this project are present in absolutely all regions of Russia. The construction of houses of the 1-447 series continued from 1958 until 1980 in an already modified form. On the basis of a series of houses 1-447, several dozen modifications arose - from series 1-447С-1 to 1-447С-54. The changes affected the number of storeys, equipping with elevators and updating the outer walls.

In Moscow, series 1-447 is mainly found in areas that became part of the city after 1960: Kuntsevo, Tushino, Degunino, Cheryomushki, Dmitrovsky, Babushkinsky, Lyublino, Sviblovo, Butovo, Ochakovo-Matveevsky, Kosino-Ukhtomsky, Vnukovo, Kryukovo .

In the Moscow region, houses of the 1-447 series were built in the cities: Dolgoprudny, Khimki, Zheleznodorozhny, Bykovo, Dmitrov, Shcherbinka, Pavlov Posad, Zvenigorod, Balashikha, Klimovsk, Solnechnogorsk, Klin, Lobnya, Golitsyno, Pushkino, Monino, Reutov, Lyubertsy, Aprelevka etc.

"" series 1-447 are recognizable by the outer walls of unlined brick, two rows of windows in the end sides (usually without balconies) and a rectangular body without corner sections and ledges.

Part of the two- and three-room apartments in the house with adjacent rooms, in the corner two- and three-room apartments, all rooms are isolated. Cooker: gas. Ventilation: natural exhaust. There is also a modification with small-sized 1-room apartments (the so-called "small family").

Officially, houses of the 1-447 series are not included in the list of demolished houses; there are isolated cases of demolition in some areas during the complex reconstruction of neighborhoods, as well as for the sake of expanding highways or building traffic interchanges. Some houses have been refurbished. When carrying out rehabilitation, houses of the 1-447 series are usually faced with plaster, if necessary, equipped with elevator units.

The prospect of mass demolition brick houses series 1-447 in the future is possible. It all depends on the plan for the reconstruction of a particular quarter. There is an implemented standard project reconstruction without resettlement of residents with a superstructure up to 7 floors and an extension of the elevator unit.

Detailed characteristics of the series

entrances	from 2
number of storeys	5, less often - 4 (Moscow), 3, 4, 5 (other cities). The first floor in Moscow is usually residential; in the regions it is found both residential and non-residential
Ceiling height	2,50
elevators	No
Balconies	In all apartments, starting from the 2nd floor
Apartment per floor	4, rarely 3
Years of construction	Moscow: 1958-1964, Other cities: 1958 - 1978
Built houses	Moscow: about 100 Regions: more than 5000
Apartment areas	1-room apartment total: 28-33 m², residential: 15-20 m², kitchen: 5-5.5 m² 2-room apartment total: 40-43 m² residential: 28-32 m², kitchen: 6 m² 3-room apartment total: 40-57 m², residential: 26-41 m², kitchen: 6 m².
bathrooms	Combined in all apartments
stairs	No common fire balcony
Garbage chute	No
Ventilation	Natural exhaust, blocks in kitchens and bathrooms
Walls and ceilings	External walls - brick 38-40 cm thick (in early houses - low-quality silicate brick). Ceilings - reinforced concrete slabs 22 cm thick. Inter-apartment walls and walls of stairwells - 27 cm (in early houses - 38 cm). Interior partitions - gypsum concrete, 8 cm thick.
Colors and finishes	Colors: gray, red. There is no cladding.
roof type	In early houses - four-slope In late houses - flat, with a slight gable slope Coating: rolled waterproofing, roofing iron or corrugated asbestos plywood (slate) is found in early houses
Advantages	Possibility of demolition of interior partitions
disadvantages	Small kitchens in two- and three-room apartments
Manufacturer	Glavmospromstroymaterialy (MPSM, currently part of Glavstroy Corporation)
Designer	Giprogor

1-447 - a series of residential buildings in the USSR, developed in the late 1950s. 1-447 - this is the most massive series of brick Khrushchevs, which was built throughout the USSR from the late 1950s to the mid-1960s, and modifications - until the end of the 1970s. "Khrushchev" series 1-447 are recognizable by the outer walls of unlined brick, two rows of windows in the end sides (usually without balconies) and a rectangular body without corner sections and ledges.

Description

Design

Houses of multi-section type, from 2 to 8 sections in length, 4-section ones are most common. The house consists of end and ordinary sections.

The material of the walls is brick, most often white silicate, there are houses made of red brick. The plaster is missing. Some houses are painted or a combination of red and white brick for decor. load-bearing walls- longitudinal outer and inner central, transverse inter-apartment and stairwell walls. Partitions are gypsum concrete, thickness - 80 mm; floors - multi-hollow reinforced concrete slabs 220 mm thick. The roof of most houses is hipped, covered with asbestos-cement slate or roofing iron. Gutters - outdoor drainpipes. There are also houses flat roof bituminous. Ceiling height 2.48 m. The first floor is usually residential. Balconies are available on all floors except the first. However, there are houses without balconies in corner apartments or without balconies at all.

Communications

Heating - central water, cold water supply - centralized, sewerage - centralized. Hot water supply - centralized or local: gas water heaters, in the absence of gas supply - wood water heaters (titans). With local hot water supply, the structure of the house provides for chimneys laid in the transverse inter-apartment walls and the walls of the stairwells. Ventilation - natural in the kitchen and bathroom. The apartments are equipped with a bathroom and a gas kitchen stove. In areas without gas supply, wood-burning cookers or electrical (in the presence of powerful electrical networks).

There is no elevator or garbage chute.

Apartments

The houses have one-, two- and three-room apartments. There are 4 apartments on the landing. In the end sections, a set of apartments is 3-1-2-1 or 1-2-2-2, in ordinary 3-2-1-3 or 2-3-2-2. However, in many houses shortened ordinary sections are used, which coincide with the end sections in terms of layout.

Rooms in 2-room apartments are adjacent (there are rare options for an improved layout, where there are 2 isolated rooms), in 3-room apartments, two are adjacent and one is isolated. The checkpoint is the most a large room(living room) Bathroom combined in all apartments.

Advantages and disadvantages

Advantages:

Disadvantages:

Connecting rooms in two- and three-room apartments.
Close hallway.
Shared bathroom in all apartments. At the same time, a washing machine of shallow depth can be placed in the bathroom.
Like all Khrushchevs - the small size of the kitchen.
Very small landings, even compared to some series of Khrushchevs.
Most apartments face one side of the world.
Shortage of three-room apartments. In many houses of the series, shortened ordinary sections are used, in which there are no three-room apartments.

Modifications

On the basis of a series of houses 1-447, several dozen modifications arose - from series 1-447S-1 to 1-447S-54. The changes affected, first of all, the number of storeys, equipment with elevators and renovation of external walls.

As a rule, five-story modifications are no longer referred to as Khrushchev houses, but as Brezhnev houses.

Based on the 1-447C series, the 114-85 series was developed.

1-447C

The "second generation" of brick five-story houses of the 1-447 series.

These include 1-447C-3x (x=3...9), 1-447C-40, 1-447C-43.

The houses of these series can be recognized by the adjacent pairs of balconies at the ends of the building and from the side of the entrances to the entrance. In different sections there can be 3 or 4 apartments on the landing, in the latter case the landing is larger.

Four-room apartments, 2-room and 3-room apartments appeared in the houses with a focus on 2 sides of the house (“vest”). Reduced number of adjoining rooms. In all apartments, except for one-room apartments, separate bathrooms with a longitudinally oriented bath appeared, while the kitchen became somewhat smaller. hallmark- a sloping wall between the bathroom and the hallway to increase the area of the latter.

1-447С-47, 1-447С-48, 1-447С-49

Nine-storey multi-section residential building. Most often it consists of 4 or 6 sections, however, there are options with a different number of sections - from 2 to 10.

The house is equipped with a passenger elevator and a garbage chute.

The house has 2, 3, less often 1 and 4-room apartments. There are 4 apartments on the landing, the standard set is 3-2-2-3, less often 4-1-2-3 (mainly in the end sections). In 2-room rooms there are isolated rooms, in 3-room rooms there are 2 adjoining rooms (a walk-through living room), in 4-room rooms, depending on the modification, there can be 2 adjoining or all separate. Separate bathroom with a longitudinal arrangement of the bath, except for 1-room apartments.

The area of apartments is 31-33 m2 for one-room apartments, 44-47 m2 for two-room apartments, 56-59 m2 for three-room apartments, 69-70 m2 for four-room apartments. The kitchen area is from 5.6 m 2 in the early houses to 7.3 m 2 in the latter.

2-room apartments have a balcony, 3-room apartments have balconies recessed into the facade. The end sections have an additional loggia at the end of the house, which is recessed into the facade (1-447С-48) or protrudes from it.

1Р-447С-25

Nine-storey one-section residential building with 54 apartments. There are options with interlocked sections. The house is equipped with a passenger elevator and a garbage chute. The stair-lift node is located in the center of the house, two corridors depart from it in opposite directions, each of which contains entrances to three apartments. In the left corridor there is a garbage chute, in some houses there is an additional evacuation staircase.

There are 6 apartments on the landing of the house: two one-room apartments with windows to the courtyard and balconies, one and two-room apartments with windows and loggias on the main facade. At the ends of the building there are three-room apartments with loggias on the main facade and windows on three sides. The area of apartments is 28-33 m2 for one-room apartments, 43 m2 for two-room apartments, and 60-62 m2 for three-room apartments. All rooms in the apartments are isolated. The bathroom in one-room apartments is combined, in two- and three-room apartments it is separate with a transverse bathtub.

1Р-447С-26

Nine-story tower-type residential building with 54 apartments. There are 6 apartments on the landing: in the middle there are two 1-room apartments, on the side of the entrance windows - two 2-room apartments, opposite - a 2-room apartment and a 3-room apartment. The house is equipped with a passenger elevator and a garbage chute. One-room apartments have wide balconies, two- and three-room apartments have balconies. The bathroom in one-room apartments is combined, in two- and three-room apartments it is separate with a transverse bathtub. In the 3-room and the adjacent 2-room there are adjoining rooms, in the rest the rooms are separate.

Notes

Links

Geography buildings series 1-447 on map Russia - oknardia

Residential buildings

Main concepts
Series	1-335 · 1-447 1-464 1-510 1-511 1-513 1-515/5 1-515/9sh 1-515/9m/9mA 1-515/9YuL 114-85 114- 86 111-90 111-96 111-97 111-101 111-108 111-121 111-134 121-60-25 E-93 II-18/9 II-18/ 12 II-29 II-32 II-49 II-57 II-60 II-66 II-67 Smirnovskaya II-67 Tishinskaya II-68 II-68-03 BPS-6 IP-46S

Despite the fact that most of the five-story buildings built in the late 1950s have been demolished or are being prepared for demolition, several series of well-known (but not too beloved) Khrushchevs still belong to the “unbearable series”. This, for example, panel series 1-515, block 1-510 and brick 1-511, 1-447.
This time we will consider several apartments in such houses at once. Most often, these are five-story houses (there are three or four-story options) without elevators and with a residential ground floor. The thickness of the outer walls, depending on the series, is 30-40 cm, the thickness of the internal load-bearing walls is 20-30 cm, the partitions are 8 cm.
The most important unifying feature of such apartments is very low ceilings (about 250 cm, but in early versions the height reaches 270 cm) and small areas of both residential and non-residential areas of the apartment. Therefore, if possible, it is more expedient to increase, expand and unite the space in this apartment, rather than split it up. One-room apartments of unbearable series are similar in layout, differ slightly in area, and also have different arrangements of windows and balconies: in corner apartments there can be two windows, in non-corner ones - one. Each apartment has a balcony. The big advantage is that all partitions inside the apartment are not load-bearing, which means that they can be easily disposed of.
Some of the options are suitable for all listed series, some for only one, but all of them can be useful sources of ideas for redevelopment. Moreover, in most cases, redevelopment must be agreed and legalized before starting repairs.

Such apartment layouts are found in houses of the 1-511, 1-447, 1-515/5 series. The option with a balcony and another window is corner apartment. Such a layout can both add inconvenience, and vice versa - open up many new opportunities.

The option with one window and a balcony is found in series 1-515, 1-511 and others. This layout, unlike others, contains a separate bathroom and a corridor. The same space in other layouts is formally considered a living room, which limits the possibilities of redevelopment.

Here the balcony is located on the long wall of the room; otherwise, the layout does not differ from the first option. Such apartments are found in series 1-510.

1. For all series
redevelopment
One of the most obvious and win-win redevelopment options one-room apartment- turning it into a studio. In this case, the entrance hall remains an isolated room, behind the door of which there is one common space, consisting of a bedroom, living room and kitchen. Also in the corner behind the partition there is a dressing room, and the rest of the space is freed from unnecessary cabinets.
The TV separating the sleeping and living area can be rotated in any direction, small dinner table- expand if necessary. The bathroom has a bathtub, washing machine, washbasin and toilet.
Details
Premises: isolated entrance hall, shared bathroom, dressing room behind a partition, combined kitchen and living room. Suitable for one tenant, for a couple, for hospitable hosts and lovers of order. gas stove on the electric one. The pluses of the layout: a separate dressing room, free living space. The minuses of the layout: the lack of isolated living rooms.

Even in a small apartment you can give Special attention hallway and make it an independent interesting room.

To separate a bedroom or wardrobe, it is not necessary to build a wall with a doorway - just fence off the room, leaving passages 65-90 cm wide on one or both sides.

In the case of a small studio, you should pay attention to Scandinavian style interior. Lightness and the rejection of unnecessary details are important here, which will help visually expand the space of the apartment.

2. For series 1-515, 1-511
redevelopment
In this case, the emphasis is on a large kitchen, bathroom and bathroom. Due to the corridor, the size of the bathroom has been increased, so a bathtub, a washing machine and a washbasin are placed in a separate bathroom, and a washbasin and a toilet in the adjacent bathroom. The kitchen also adds space former corridor, the partition is almost completely demolished. As a result, the kitchen leaves a lot of space for a large work area, a wide refrigerator and a table for four to six people. The living room is located folding sofa, a large closet along the wall, an armchair and a TV.
Details
Premises: separate bathroom and bathroom, shared kitchen and bedroom-living room, hallway. Suitable for those who do not spend much time at home; for those who like to cook and gather guests at the table. To agree on the layout, you will need to replace the gas stove with an electric one. In other series, the corridor is formally part of the room, but sometimes it is possible to agree on the transfer of the bathroom to it. Pros of the layout: large comfortable kitchen and a bathroom; free space; there is no unnecessary corridor. Disadvantages of the layout: the lack of a full bed and a separate bedroom.

If you really try, you can plan the kitchen so that everything fits in it, and each item takes its logical place. The effort put into the project phase will pay off with the joy of working in such a kitchen.

It is not necessary to clutter the living room wall with cabinets or TV stands. Sometimes The best decision- hang it on the wall and leave the space around free.

A little trick for a separate bathroom is the presence of a small washbasin. This solves many problems and adds functionality to the room.

Option 3. For series 1-511, 1-447, 1-515/5.
redevelopment
Here from one big room made a small bedroom and a living room combined with a kitchen. One of the walls of the bedroom is located diagonally at an angle, parallel to it is a bar counter that continues the kitchen surface. This arrangement helps to save space, and also makes it more interesting. In the bathroom, instead of a bathtub, there is a shower cabin, in addition, there is a toilet bowl and a common countertop with a washbasin, a washing machine and storage shelves.
Details
Premises: an isolated small bedroom, a kitchen with a living room, a shared bathroom, an entrance hall. Suitable for a couple of residents and for those who mainly rest at home. Pros of planning: a separate bedroom, a comfortable public area.
Disadvantages of the layout: lack of storage areas, lack of a table.

Diagonal walls and furniture add variety to any room, give it individuality and comfort.

Instead of a finished shower cabin, you can always design a shower according to your own taste and lay out the pallet with any tile or mosaic you like.

Although bar counters are often associated with 1990s interiors today, there are ways to make them stylish and appropriate in a modern interior.

Option 4. For series 1-511, 1-447, 1-515/5
redevelopment
In this embodiment, the space can be transformed using sliding glass doors: if necessary, you can make the room single or separate the sleeping area. The kitchen is extended thanks to the living area, where the sofa with coffee table and a table for six or more people. In the remaining space there is a separate dressing room and a bed with a TV. In the bathroom, the bath has been replaced with a shower, so there is a storage cabinet.
Details
Premises: dressing room, bedroom, living room with kitchen, bathroom, entrance hall. Suitable for one or two residents who like to receive guests and arrange small feasts, as well as for connoisseurs of order and those who find it important to retire. Layout advantages: interesting solution living room-kitchen, separate bedroom area, isolated dressing room. Disadvantages of the layout: little free space.

For small apartments light, “floating” furniture is well suited: chairs on thin legs, chests of drawers - instead of heavy cabinets and kitchen equipment with an open plinth.

A wall with a TV and a cabinet for it is an important place in the apartment where your eyes will often fall. So it is worth paying special attention to it.

Option 5. For series 1-511, 1-447, 1-515/5
redevelopment
Share like this small room two is not the best good decision for a small Khrushchev one-room apartment. But, if there is a strong need for this, you can separate one of the rooms not with a wall, but with an accordion door. Thus, if the door is fully opened, the corridor also becomes part of the room. In a small room there is a small wardrobe, a bed and even a crib, in the second - a living room and a large closet. In the isolated kitchen there is a small table and work zone. The bathroom has a bathtub, toilet bowl, washbasin, washing machine and countertop with drawers and shelves for storage.
Details
Premises: separate bedroom, living room, kitchen, bathroom and hallway with a corridor. Suitable for a family with a small child or for those who often have guests. layout: two rooms, convertible space, many beds. Disadvantages of layout: small cramped rooms, lack of storage space.

An excellent replacement for a TV (besides a book) is a screen with a projector that can be placed anywhere and moved an infinite number of times.

Even the smallest rack can be turned into an object of creativity if you design it specifically for yourself and paint it in your favorite color. Good example such a design - in this photo.