Device for forced ventilation of the bath. Natural ventilation in the bath: the principles of arrangement and layout of ventilation holes

Russian bath is very beneficial for health. The fundamental point in its construction is well-equipped ventilation in the bath in the steam room. In this room, as a rule, very high temperature and humidity. Properly organized air circulation is a necessary condition.

Often, many homeowners doubt whether ventilation is needed in the bath in the steam room. The proposed material will allow you to correctly answer this question and solve all the problems with the arrangement of ventilation without much difficulty and without significant material costs.

Ventilation in the steam room is necessary for air circulation

Why do you need ventilation in the steam room

Proper ventilation of the sauna steam room helps to solve the following problems:

• maintaining a comfortable indoor temperature;
• health safety;
• the preservation of the wood used for the interior decoration of the steam room.

Ventilation products in the steam room help to regulate the temperature, and keep the wood from dampness and fungus longer

If the ventilation of the steam room in the Russian bath is not properly equipped, the appearance of such negative factors as:

• rapid cooling of heated air;
• accumulation of gases during the adoption of procedures;
• premature decay of finishing materials;
• the appearance of harmful microbes, bacteria, mold, fungi;
• bad smell.

The proposed material will describe in detail what should be properly organized ventilation in the steam room of the bath, video and photo materials will clearly illustrate all the key points.

Basic principles of steam room ventilation

A specific scheme for arranging ventilation is usually selected taking into account the architectural features of the building itself, the size, number of rooms, etc. In this case, it is necessary to strictly observe the basic principles for arranging ventilation systems for steam rooms in Russian baths. If they are violated, various negative phenomena can occur that create a serious threat to the health and life of vacationers.

The fresh air inlet is located just above the floor level. In order for the incoming air to warm up immediately, the inlet is located in the immediate vicinity of the furnace.

The outlet for used air is located under the ceiling. The main thing is that the inlet and outlet for air be equipped on opposite walls.

Important! Under no circumstances should these holes be placed at the same level! The air in the interior space will not fully circulate. There will be a temperature difference that creates a serious health hazard.

The dimensions of the inlet and outlet holes are identical. They are selected depending on the dimensions of the internal space of the steam room. For 1 cu. m of air requires 24 cm of pipe diameter. If necessary, arrangement of additional air outlets is allowed.

The ventilation of the steam room is arranged in such a way that the exhaust air is completely replaced every 3-4 hours. This is required by sanitary and fire safety standards.

The vent in the bath is equipped with valves to regulate the air flow

The ventilation device in the steam room of the bath requires the mandatory placement of a valve system. You can use special blinds for this. This will allow you to control the amount of air entering and exiting. If necessary, the bath can be heated or cooled very quickly and without much difficulty.

You need to think about how to make ventilation in the steam room of the bath already when drawing up a project. This will allow you to correctly place all ventilation pipes, openings, etc. during construction. This will allow you to properly equip the mines, lay pipes and perform all other work. It will be much more difficult to equip the air circulation system after the completion of construction work.

Before building a bath, it is necessary to consider the location of the ventilation ducts in the bath

Varieties of ventilation systems for the steam room

Ventilation in the bath in the steam room (see photo) is used in 3 types - natural, forced (i.e. mechanical) and combined. The choice of a particular system is made taking into account factors such as:

• the size of the steam room and the dimensions of the building as a whole;
• it is possible to correctly place the exhaust pipes;
• the material from which the bath was built;
• use of the bath all year round or only in the summer season.

Warm air is lighter than cold air. Therefore, with properly equipped ventilation in the bath in the steam room, heated flows rise to the ceiling and are gradually drawn out through the vent. The air coming from the outside is immediately heated from the stove and passes into the room without creating a temperature difference. Here is the basic principle by which ventilation works in the bath in the steam room.

natural ventilation

The natural ventilation system provides air exchange due to different levels of pressure and temperature in the internal space (in the steam room) and outside, i.e. on the street. When the exhaust air exits through the outlet, the internal atmosphere in the room is discharged, creating conditions for drawing in cold air through the bottom inlet. In this case, special attention should be paid to the insulation of the bath. Otherwise, high-quality heating will not work.

Natural ventilation in a steam room in a frame bath is most often used for small buildings built from breathable material, i.e., from wood. Additional elements of the ventilation system in this case are small gaps in the log walls. The main advantage of natural ventilation is its low cost.

Forced and combined ventilation

A mechanical or forced ventilation system in a bath in a steam room is necessary if:

• the total area of ​​the bath is large;
• the building was built of brick, cinder blocks, stone;
• the steam room is very large;
• exhaust pipes cannot be placed correctly;
• heavy duty oven.

Do-it-yourself forced ventilation of the steam room of the bath is mounted without any problems. It uses:

• fans;
• supply valves;
• deflectors.

Forced ventilation in the bath is suitable for large rooms

Nuance! The ventilation system in the bath in the steam room, heated with a geyser, requires the arrangement of a separate ventilation duct.

The combined ventilation system is equipped using elements of both systems described above. Fresh air enters naturally, i.e. through the lower inlet. Extraction of exhaust air masses is provided by mechanical devices.

How to choose a steam room fan

A classic duct-type fan for a steam room is not suitable. High temperature and humidity are detrimental to such devices. In the steam room, fans of a special design are used. The material for their manufacture is glass-filled polyamide. Such models are resistant to moisture and can withstand temperatures up to 130 ° C.

Glass fiber reinforced polyamide is an ideal material for steam room fans

The fan model is selected in accordance with the technical specifications.

It should be remembered! Ordinary room fans can only be used for the final drying and airing of the steam room after the adoption of procedures and subsequent cleaning.

If you have money, you can install a self-regulating system for ventilation in the bath in the steam room. This device will automatically provide air inlet and outlet, temperature, humidity level. It is advisable to purchase such systems only from trusted manufacturers.

Basic schemes

What can be the ventilation in the steam room of the bath, the diagram, video and other materials attached below will show clearly. You just need to choose 1 of the 4 attached options and correctly perform all the necessary work.

According to scheme A, the fresh air inlet is arranged below the stove. The outlet channel is mounted on a directly opposite wall under the ceiling.

The exhaust pipe is installed vertically. Its length is calculated so that the upper edge of the pipe rises slightly above the roof ridge. This will ensure the normal functioning of the ventilation system during strong winds.

Scheme A of the location of ventilation in the bath

Properly selected sizes of pipes for exhaust air will ensure the natural circulation of air masses. Additional adjustment is provided by the installation of dampers.

The use of scheme B is assumed only if only 1 of the walls of the steam room can be used for arranging ventilation. Air openings are located opposite the heater. The inlet hole is raised 30 cm from the finished floor. The outlet window is lowered 20 cm from the ceiling.

Scheme B Arrangement of ventilation ducts in front of the heater

The air passing through the bottom inlet is heated by the furnace and rises in the direction of the air outlet. Mechanical pulling devices are necessary for the normal functioning of the system.

According to scheme C, it is possible to provide ventilation not only for the steam room, but also for the underground space. The inlet hole is arranged in the wall behind the heater. It must be raised above the finished floor by 20 cm.

Scheme C with air supply under the floor of the bath

The heated supply air passes into the basement through the cracks of the leaking floor. Then it returns to the steam room and moves towards the exhaust opening. From here, the exhausted air masses go outside.

For a constantly used bath, ventilation according to scheme D can be used. In this case, the inlet is arranged at the bottom, but opposite the stove, and not behind it, as in other options. Height above the floor - 20 cm. Extraction of exhaust air is provided by means of a blower and a chimney.

In order for the ventilation in the bath in the steam room to work effectively, it is necessary to choose the right location for the stove. It is most convenient to equip it inside the steam room. If the stove is located in an adjacent room, the efficiency of the ventilation system and the heater itself will be noticeably lower.

Preparatory work

To arrange ventilation in the steam room, it is necessary to prepare the following materials:

• brick and/or stone;
• cement and sand;
• ventilation ducts;
• finished valves or material for their manufacture;
• a metal sheet;
• lining for lining the box;
• fixing material - nails, screws, self-tapping screws.

To work, you will need the following tools:

• hacksaw;
• Bulgarian;
• a hammer;
• screwdriver;
• tape measure, level, plumb;
• construction mixer;
• drill or perforator;
• a set of spatulas;
• container for mixing the solution;
• technical knife;

Work is best done in special clothing. Wear gloves and a respirator if necessary.

Supply ventilation installation

The inlet channel for supplying fresh air is located in the immediate vicinity of the furnace of the sauna stove. It is desirable that the inlet is located above a sheet of metal sheathing that protects the wood from the accidental ingress of small coals.

First, you need to make a box from a suitable material. Its dimensions should exceed the dimensions of the chimney by about 20%. The outer opening of the box is located on the outer wall. It is undesirable to place it in the basement.

If the firebox is located in the actual steam room, a convection box is additionally equipped. At the wall in which the air inlet is located, you need to lay out a podium of bricks placed “on edge”. They are laid out in 3 rows - under the wall, in the middle and on the edge.

The masonry for the oven is arranged to a height of 25 cm. It must be brought to a brick screen and must be blocked. In order for the newly incoming air to pass directly into the furnace, it is better not to lay the last 2 bricks. The butt is lined with bricks.

The convection box is mounted to the end. At the end, a blower is equipped. Under it is a protective substrate for the safety of the floor covering.

When the podium is completely ready, you can start installing the furnace. To evenly distribute the load, it is desirable to use a corner made of metal.

After the final installation, stone or brickwork is arranged around the furnace. To form a gap, it is moved 5-6 cm from the furnace. Next, a special screen is installed. It needs to form holes for the passage of hot air.

Installation of outflow ventilation

The outflow box is installed diametrically opposite from the inlet. It is raised above the finished floor by 30 cm. The inner area of ​​the box is approximately 1.25 m².

Through the wall, the outflow duct is led to the ceiling and an external outlet is equipped for it. You can remove the exhaust air to an adjacent room. In this way, it will be possible to warm it up without extra costs.

Outflow ventilation can be placed on top of the ceiling

To avoid accidental burns, the chimney box must be lined with a brick or stone casing. At the same time, a special hole with a door must be left below, which will be a blower. An additional hole, equipped on top, will allow the use of the chimney as a heat pump, this will create both heating of the room and proper air circulation.

How to ventilate a Russian bath

The correct ventilation device in the steam room of the Russian bath does not involve the use of any mechanical devices. Otherwise, the heated air will be expelled very quickly. Efficiency and pleasure from bathing procedures will decrease significantly.

In the Russian bath, natural ventilation is used, where the outflow of air is carried out through the window.

Therefore, the Russian bath must be carefully cleaned, ventilated and dried after each use. For ventilation, a special window is installed in the wall opposite the door. You can use a mechanical extractor. The door must be kept open for ventilation.

It is necessary to remove leaves from brooms and random objects from the beds. Then you need to wash all surfaces and dry them with towels and / or a special absorbent cloth. This will protect against the formation of mold and the reproduction of harmful microorganisms. After cleaning, airing and drying, the steam room is ready for further use.

The steam room in the Russian bath is combined with a washing room, so it needs to be dried after each use

How to warm up a Russian bath

First you need to fire up the oven. The outlet openings must be kept closed. Only input opens.

Having warmed up the room to the desired temperature, you need to open the valve of the lower air outlet pipe. This will ensure proper air circulation. The temperature will not drop.

In order to warm up the stove, it is necessary to open the valve in the stove of the Russian bath

Passing into the box from below, the heated air will gradually displace cool air masses to the outlet. When passing through the box, they will provide additional heating of the room. In parallel, the ventilation of the steam room will also take place.

If ventilation is not working properly

During the use of the steam room, it is necessary to periodically check the health of the ventilation system. With good air circulation in the steam room, it is always easy to breathe, the body heats up evenly, the temperature and humidity are maintained at the required level.

If the ventilation in the bath in the steam room was installed incorrectly or became unusable over time, signs such as:

• abundant condensation on vertical surfaces;
• mold, especially in the corners;
• putrid smell;
• uneven air heating;
• drafts;
• slow setting of the required temperature;
• excessively rapid heat loss;
• an unpleasant internal atmosphere that makes it difficult to breathe.

Mold in the steam room indicates a lack of ventilation

If at least 1 or 2 of the above factors are present, then the ventilation in the bath in the steam room is not properly equipped. Another option is clogging and / or damage to the system, the need for urgent repair and / or thorough cleaning of individual elements or the ventilation system as a whole.

Clogging of ventilation ducts disrupts its operation

From the foregoing, it becomes clear that it is inexpensive and not very difficult to properly ventilate the steam room of the bath. However, this requires careful observance of all technologies. The attached video "How to make ventilation in the steam room of the bath" will help to avoid mistakes.

A high-quality ventilation system is an indispensable element of the steam room. The absence or improper organization of ventilation in the bath is dangerous to human health. A properly equipped system will protect people from carbon monoxide and improve the comfort of staying indoors. We will talk about the features and technology of installing the ventilation system in the bath later.

Characteristics of proper ventilation for the steam room

Proper ventilation in the bath performs several functions at once:

• provides the room with oxygen;
• improves the comfort of staying in the steam room;
• removes carbon monoxide;
• allows economically expedient to spend firewood;
• evenly distributes air flow;
• protects the building from the formation of mold or fungus.

The best option for ventilation in the bath is supply and exhaust. For these purposes, equip:

• air inlet - through them an influx of fresh air into the steam room is organized, a fan with a ventilation tube is installed, additional air inflow is provided by open windows or through the door;
• exhaust hole - the removal of heated air from the room, through the furnace, blower or devices that improve traction.

To improve the supply and exhaust ventilation system, various methods are used. We offer you to get acquainted with one of the most effective ventilation systems:

1. The supply openings are located at the bottom of the room, next to the firebox.

2. Exhaust openings strictly on the opposite side from above. It is possible to organize two holes at once for better air control.

3. The height of the exhaust port determines the draft level. If the vent is low, additionally reinforce the system with a vent pipe.

4. With the help of special dampers, the air supply from the room is controlled.

5. The air in the steam room is renewed every 2-3 hours.

In addition, the individual parameters of the ventilation system are determined by the type of room, the version of the bath. For example, in a Russian bath, periodic ventilation will help renew the air. In addition, the size and location of the installation of the furnace are taken into account; in relation to this parameter, two types of ventilation are organized.

How to make ventilation in a steam room with a separate firebox

We offer a variant of the organization of ventilation in the steam room, the firebox of which is located in the next room. This scheme is popular in ordinary Russian baths. To bring the firebox to an adjacent room, a furnace tunnel is used. Among the advantages of this arrangement of the furnace, we note:

• lack of garbage in the steam room;
• the door to the room opens only at the entrance;
• the possibility of mounting heat-resistant glass for admiring an open flame.

There are two ways to install air inlets in a room:

1. Arrangement of a ventilation duct in the underground space. Removing it in front of the furnace room, installing ventilation grilles on the channel.

2. Floor supply of ventilation.

On the opposite wall, install the hood, diagonally in relation to the air inlet.

The main quality of the organization of proper ventilation is that the inlet openings in area should coincide with the exhaust ones.

Ventilation scheme in a steam room with a firebox indoors

If the stove-heater is located directly in the steam room, then the organization of ventilation is different. In this case, air flows through the blower solve the problem with natural ventilation. This method is appropriate if the fire in the furnace is constantly.

If there is no chimney in the bath, and the stove operates in a short-term mode, a more advanced ventilation system is used. Familiarize yourself with the technology of arranging the ventilation system in the steam room:

1. Build a special brick podium on which the oven is installed. With its help, a ventilation duct is supplied to the furnace.

2. Lay the ends, build another box of bricks. As a result, the first structure is installed at the top of the furnace channel, and the second - to the door of the steam room.

3. On a wall adjacent to a regular room, build doors in the places where the masonry passes. They heat the next room, if necessary.

4. An oven is installed on the podium, it can be mounted on a corner or on steel paintings. Finish the furnace with brick, install a brick screen, with two convection valves.

5. The exhaust ventilation system operates due to the furnace furnace.

Correct installation of the ventilation system is based on its correct adjustment. General rules for managing the ventilation system:

• at the beginning of the furnace furnace, all openings and supply and exhaust are closed;
• wait for the temperature to rise, then adjust the vents with valves;
• if it is necessary to increase the volume of oxygen in the room, open the inlet;
• upon completion of work, open the shutters for better ventilation of the steam room.

Steam room ventilation photo:

To determine the temperature and humidity in the room, use special devices. An alcohol or electric type thermometer will help measure the temperature. Please note that the use of the mercury version is strictly prohibited. Use a hygrometer to determine the humidity level.

The principle of operation of the ventilation system is based on the following factors:

• melting the oven, the air is gradually heated and exits through the convection door;
• the lower door remains open until the oven is fully heated;
• close the door from below and work with the top hatch;
• in the process of soaring, only the blower installed on the box opens;
• after using the steam room for its intended purpose, ventilate the room well.

Do-it-yourself ventilation device in the steam room

The main functions of the ventilation system in the bath:

• air supply during bath procedures;
• high-quality room drying.

The ventilation system in the bath should not:

• violate the temperature of the room, in the process of taking bath procedures;
• to separate temperature flows, that is, cool air is closer to the floor, and warm air is from above;
• remove unused air from the steam room.

In addition, the lack of ventilation leads to the appearance of unpleasant air in the room, the formation of mold and fungus, which are harmful to human health.

There are three main types of ventilation in the steam room:

• the natural option is the supply of air flows through the pressure difference;
• mechanical option - air supply using special mechanisms, when measuring these characteristics with instruments;
• combined option - the creation of artificial pressure by fans and hoods.

There are two types of air transport in the room: supply and exhaust. For these purposes, a hole located diagonally with respect to the inlet is equipped.

It is not recommended to install an exhaust outlet in the steam room on the ceiling; this ventilation system increases the warm-up time of the room. It is rational to install the hood under the ceiling, additionally equipping a damper on it to adjust the draft.

In addition, provide a ventilated floor in the bath. Thus, the life of the floor covering is increased, as it is in constant contact with water. Recommendations for the arrangement of floor ventilation:

1. During the installation of the foundation base, ensure the ventilation of the floors, build vents from the basement.

2. On opposite walls, build ventilation holes that provide air flow. Install gratings on them to prevent rodents from entering.

3. The finished floor should be slightly higher in level than the blower is located. Thus, it will function as a hood.

4. Install wooden boards with a small gap, at least half a centimeter.

5. After taking bath procedures, ventilate the room well and dry the floors.

Another way to organize the ventilation system in the bath is “According to Bast”. In this case, fresh air enters the room from the ward space, and exhaust from the hole located near the door. For these purposes, build an exhaust box made of wood, lined with foil inside.

Build a ventilation duct under the floor, next to a metal sheet that prevents heat from entering it. The size of the structure should not exceed twenty percent. Adjusting the flow of fresh air through such a system is quite simple. It is enough to open the vent and blower. In addition, it is possible to avoid the accumulation of an unpleasant aroma in the steam room. This method of organizing ventilation is appropriate if the firebox is located directly in the steam room.

Ways to organize ventilation in the steam room with your own hands

Install the inlet under the stove 50 cm from the floor, and the outlet on the opposite side, thirty centimeters from the ceiling. The forced movement of air masses is provided by a fan. Thus, it is possible to ensure uniform heating of the air. The height of the first opening regulates the draft force of natural ventilation.

Two ventilation holes are located on the same wall, always opposite the stove. The inlet is installed at a distance of thirty centimeters from the floor, and the outlet is thirty centimeters from the ceiling. Install a fan in the outlet, the cooled air, entering the room, collides with the stove, heats up and exits.

Position the inlet behind the stove, at a distance of about twenty centimeters from the floor. The inlet is installed at the same height, only near the ceiling of the opposite wall. A hood is installed in the second hole. The principle of operation of the system is based on the ingress of cooled air into the steam room, passing through the oven and pulling out the second hole.

This method is relevant for a steam room with a floor that has holes for water to drain. The inlet is installed behind the furnace, and the outlet is a drain pipe through which air is vented to the outside.

Relevant for a bath with a constantly working stove. The inlet is arranged opposite the stove, and the blower with a chimney acts as an outlet

If it is necessary to increase the temperature in the steam room, it is enough to close all the plugs. After taking bath procedures, they are removed. It is quite possible to organize these ventilation schemes on your own, without buying expensive appliances and special material investments.

How to make a vapor barrier for a steam room with your own hands

Vapor barrier in the steam room allows you to maintain the optimum temperature of the room. Special materials in the form of vapor-tight films, insulation and waterproofing will help create high-quality vapor barrier. The film provides protection of the insulation from the penetration of water vapor, while not letting in the moisture that is in the hot air.

Qualitatively equipped vapor barrier and ventilation system increase the service life of the room itself and its exterior finish. Since hot air rises, first of all, vapor barrier the ceiling with high quality.

For these purposes, use lahi, boards, about 6 cm thick. From above, they are covered with aluminum-based foil, cardboard with increased density or waxed paper soaked in drying oil. After fixing one of these materials, the ceiling is finished with clay and insulated.

In addition, the edged board will help to vaporize the ceiling. On the boards, cardboard impregnated with drying oil is installed, which is then sheathed with wooden clapboard.

Expanded polystyrene boards are a modern replacement for soft clay, they are distinguished by good thermal insulation and performance characteristics.

As vapor barrier materials for the walls of the steam room use:

Glassine and roofing material for thermal insulation of the steam room are rarely used. This is due to the fact that with strong heating, they emit toxic substances and unpleasant odors. The steam room is vapor-proofed with special foil materials. Allocate combined methods of vapor and thermal insulation. For example, NPP polypropylene, among its advantages we note:

• excellent resistance to moisture;
• resistance to temperature increase;
• laminated coating prevents the development of mold and mildew;
• combined thermal insulation.

In addition, it is possible to use rolled vapor barrier in the form of rolled foil or fiberglass boards. To seal the joints between vapor barrier materials, use foil tape.

The plates are installed on the ceiling with a small compensation gap of 20 mm. Thus, the effect of moisture on these areas is reduced. Please note that the vapor barrier in the steam room must be securely hidden behind the main finishing material, and a high-quality ventilation system is its complement.

Do-it-yourself ventilation in the steam room

Baths, saunas and swimming pools A high-quality ventilation system is an indispensable element of the steam room. The absence or improper organization of ventilation in the bath is dangerous to human health.

Do-it-yourself ventilation in the bath: how to do it right

Why do you need to attend to the question of how to properly ventilate the bath? Not only maintaining a comfortable temperature in the dressing room, washing room, steam room, rest room, but also safety, as well as the service life of the building and its parts, depends on how well the ventilation in the bath is arranged. When designing a bath and starting its construction, it should be remembered that the ventilation in the bath with your own hands must be done taking into account certain subtleties and nuances. With your own hands, with the help of instructions, photos and videos, all stages of ventilation installation in the bath and steam room can be performed.

Properly arranged ventilation in the bath will provide a comfortable temperature inside the steam room and extend the life of wooden elements.

The principle of operation of the ventilation system in the bath

The operation of the ventilation system is based on well-known physical laws, and the scheme of its device is simple and understandable. Two types of openings are required for continuous air circulation:

Air inlets are needed to bring fresh air into the room. With the correct ventilation device in the bath, they should be located as close as possible to the floor and near the stove. With this arrangement, the incoming air heats up quickly and the temperature in the bath is stably maintained.

The direction of movement of air masses inside the steam room

Exhaust openings are designed to remove superheated humidified air and carbon monoxide from the steam room. They should be arranged as high as possible, that is, just below the level of the ceiling, and be located opposite the air inlets in order to create and maintain a constant air exchange.

Advice! An exhaust hole in the ceiling will lead to rapid cooling of the room, so this location is undesirable.

There are no difficulties with the fundamental localization of supply and exhaust openings when installing ventilation in a bathhouse with your own hands. But the task of maintaining a high temperature in the steam room while effectively removing exhaust air and carbon monoxide from it is not easy.

You also need to pay attention to maintaining a temperature that is comfortable for both sanitary and hygienic procedures and for relaxation, in all parts of the bath: dressing room, washing room, relaxation room. And if you have to create and implement a ventilation scheme in the bath with your own hands, you should think about the competent execution of work.

Scheme of proper air circulation in the bath

Types of ventilation

There are two types of ventilation:

Which one to choose when installing a ventilation system with your own hands depends on the design of the bath and the volume of its premises.

Ventilation system with electronic control unit

natural ventilation

This type of ventilation works due to the difference in temperature and pressure inside and outside the room. The efficiency of its work depends on the location of the openings for the inflow and outlet of air. The most suitable solution is that the supply openings are located near the floor, at a height of 250-350 mm, next to the stove, and the exhaust openings are on the opposite wall, 150-200 mm below the ceiling level.

The best photos of finishing the bath inside and a description of the stages of work. Sequence of actions when repairing a sauna. Recommended materials and installation rules for use. Waterproofing and wall insulation.

Natural ventilation systems are not suitable for ventilating a steam room or steam room, since the cold air in this room collects at the very floor, and the hot air in the upper part. Adjusting the movement of air flows is accompanied by difficulties, but with the correct arrangement of the ventilation elements in the steam room of a Russian bath, it is possible to cope with this problem with your own hands.

Natural ventilation is not suitable for a steam room, it is advisable to equip it in a rest room

Forced ventilation

For this type of ventilation in the steam room of a Russian bath or sauna, two subspecies can be distinguished:

1. Ventilation with the help of special electronic systems that control the temperature and humidity of the air, regulating its flow and filtration with the help of automation. Such systems are quite expensive, and their use is often knocked out of the budget.
2. Combined ventilation system, when due to the use of fans, the effect of natural ventilation is obtained.

The location of the ventilation ducts inside the walls of the bath

Dependence of the bath ventilation system on the type of building

Natural ventilation, provided that the vents are correctly positioned and their sizes correspond to the volumes of the premises, functions well in a Russian bath, assembled from a log or a beam.

The frame building is a sealed structure. It is advisable to use forced ventilation in frame baths. The supply opening in the outer wall of the steam room should be additionally equipped with a blower fan.

In a brick or foam block building, only forced ventilation is possible.

The type of ventilation system is selected depending on the materials from which the bath is built.

Planning the ventilation system of the bath: subtleties and nuances

Before proceeding with the choice of the ventilation scheme in the bath and the device of its design with your own hands, you need to understand the intricacies and nuances of design.

Fact! Even small errors in the layout of the supply and exhaust openings lead to undesirable consequences. In the steam room, either the constant air temperature will decrease, or the concentration of carbon monoxide will increase.

During the construction of any bath - the ventilation of the bath and its schematic diagram is laid in the process of construction. The question "how to make ventilation in the bath" should be decided at the design stage.

The ventilation ducts of the dressing room, washing room, steam room, rest rooms and openings for the inflow of fresh air and the removal of a mixture of carbon monoxide with exhausted moist and hot air masses must be laid at the appropriate stages of construction. Gate valves and gratings to control the size of supply and exhaust openings and sections of ventilation ducts are already installed at the stage of finishing the premises.

The planning of the ventilation system must be carried out at the stage of development of the design project of the bath room

Basically, the functioning of the ventilation of the bath depends on two factors:

• the dimensions of the ventilation openings - both supply and exhaust - which are determined by the volume of the room, whether it is a dressing room, a washing room, a steam room or a rest room;
• position of ventilation holes.

Vent sizes

The dimensions of the ventilation openings depend on the volume of a particular room: dressing room, steam room, washing room or rest room. It is very important both to accurately calculate the size of these openings, and to ensure that it can be changed. To adjust the gaps in the openings, doors-latches and gratings are installed.

Air vent with slider for adjusting the amount of fresh air inflow

It should be noted that with large ventilation windows it will be difficult to heat the room to the correct temperature. There will either be a danger of a constant waste of fuel and electricity, or difficulties in adjusting the cross section of the ventilation ducts, that is, the distance at which each opening will need to be opened with one's own hands.

Advice! The area of ​​the ventilation opening is determined at the rate of 24 cm² per 1 m³ of the volume of the ventilated room. For a good draft of fresh air from the outside, the exhaust opening must be larger than the inlet.

If the area of ​​the ventilation openings is insufficient, the temperature, air humidity and concentration of carbon monoxide in the room can rise to critical values.

The optimal size of the ventilation opening is calculated at the rate of 24 sq. cm per 1 cubic meter of room volume

The position of the ventilation openings

The action of any ventilation system is based on the replacement of masses of heated air set in motion under the pressure of air coming from outside - colder and heavier. It is important to be able to regulate the direction of the heat flow coming from the stove installed in the bath. The ventilation in the steam room is often equipped with not one inlet, but two for this very reason. To localize heat flows, it is enough to create a gap of a certain width in one or both of them with the help of valves.

Scheme of placement inside the steam room of ventilation openings for the inflow of fresh and removal of polluted air

Ventilation in the Russian bath

The quality of the ventilation system of the bath, designed and assembled by oneself, is laid down at the project stage.

The air currents circulating in the rooms will have different temperatures, but the discomfort from this should be felt as little as possible.

Advice! Comfort in the bath depends not only on the absence of sudden temperature changes "horizontally", that is, when moving from one room to another: from the rest room to the dressing room or from the steam room to the washing room. A soft movement of air masses vertically is necessary: ​​the air temperature near the floor should not be much lower than the temperature at the level of an average human height.

The microclimate in the bath directly depends on the number of ventilation holes, their size and location.

The uniformity of the intake, mixing and removal of air masses depends on the number of supply and exhaust openings, their size, location relative to each other and heating devices, as well as the equipment of additional control devices.

The main schemes of the ventilation device in the bath

Any sauna ventilation scheme is designed with one goal in mind - maintaining the temperature, humidity and freshness of the air in the steam room. The premises of the bath, and especially the steam room, are exposed to water and steam, so they need periodic ventilation and drying. But airing and drying will be ineffective if proper ventilation is not organized in the bath. Proper and constant ventilation of the steam bath significantly reduces the effects of wood absorbing moisture.

The main task of the ventilation of the bath is to maintain the temperature, humidity and freshness of the air in the steam room.

Bath floor ventilation

Air exchange in bath rooms is facilitated by a ventilated floor.

A wooden floor with constant contact with water loses its usefulness after 5 years. Requirements for ventilation through the floor:

• to create a flow, make small vents in the foundation of the bath;
• lay the floor, leaving gaps between the boards up to 1 cm;
• lay inlet openings in parallel walls (not forgetting to protect them with gratings from rodents);
• in order for the stove to work as an additional hood, lay the finishing floor above the level of the blower;
• after using the bath, leave the doors open until the floor in the room is dry.

Scheme of arrangement of the ventilation system in the sauna

Ventilation in the dressing room of the bath

With your own hands, in the presence of photo and video instructions, ventilation in the rest room of the bath and in the dressing room is the easiest to do, since they do not have direct contact with water. A natural or combined type of ventilation is used, when fresh air enters through the supply duct and is removed by a fan through the exhaust duct of the steam room, vestibule or bathroom. It is also possible to install ventilators, for which you will need a direct outlet to the street and a power supply connection.

In the dressing room, you can equip a natural or combined type of ventilation

Ventilation in the washing bath

For air exchange in the washing room, a forced ventilation system is often made, which is driven by an electric motor. Air flows lead towards the vestibule. The supply and exhaust channels are made of the same section, the input of the first is set above the ground level (by 2 m), and the output of the second is above the roof.

Ventilation in the steam room

The requirements for the microclimate of the steam room are special. It should warm up quickly, it should maintain an optimal level of humidity and be free from drafts. Therefore, for the steam room, the correct position and dimensions of the supply and exhaust channels, which are laid during construction, are relevant. To regulate the inflow and outflow of air, valves in the vents are sufficient, but with a large volume of the room, a supply or exhaust fan may be needed.

Scheme of arrangement of ventilation in the steam room

The above general principles for designing ventilation in a bath, videos and photos attached to instructions from network or other resources should help those who want to build a bath with their own hands to bring this desire to a concrete embodiment.

Do-it-yourself ventilation in the bath: how to do it right

Do-it-yourself ventilation in the bath - why do you need ventilation in the bath, how to make ventilation in the bath yourself, device principles, diagrams, instructions, photos, videos.

Do-it-yourself ventilation in the bath

In the process of arranging the bath, special attention should be paid to the organization of high-quality ventilation. Without proper air exchange, the steam room simply cannot be used normally. If desired, all work on the installation of the necessary systems can be done by hand. It is enough just to figure out the order of laying and connecting the main units and do everything in accordance with the instructions.

Why do you need ventilation in the bath?

Why do you need ventilation in the bath

Bath ventilation is very important. To avoid lengthy and not very interesting explanations, you can consider everything with a specific example.

The visitor to the bath stays in a room filled with a large amount of hot steam. The person inhales this vapor. We know that humans breathe in oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide. In the absence of sufficient air exchange, after a while a person will simply burn out.

That is why the ventilation in the bath should be as efficient as possible and made in full accordance with the technology. There are several types of ventilation systems. Explore the features of each option and choose the method that best suits your case.

Steam room ventilation

Ventilation systems are installed to solve two main tasks, namely:

• ensuring the supply of clean air to the bath;
• removal of exhaust air from the steam room.

Additionally, ventilation provides faster and better drying of the steam room. It is necessary to study the features of existing ventilation systems and understand the order of their installation in order to obtain the most efficient and high-quality air exchange.

It is important that during the operation of the ventilation system the temperature regime characteristic of the bath is not violated. Air exchange should be organized in such a way that there are no disturbances in the distribution of temperature flows in the bath. Cool air in the steam room can only be near the floor. And the higher the ceiling, the higher the air temperature should be.

Ventilation should not remove clean air from the bath. A properly equipped system supplies fresh air to the room and removes the exhaust air. Errors in the installation of the system will lead to extremely adverse consequences for both the bath and its visitors.

Mold damage to wood

The main types of ventilation systems

There are several types of air exchange systems suitable for use in a bath, namely:

• natural ventilation. The principle of operation of such a system is based on the use of the pressure difference inside the bath and on the street. The simplest and most inefficient option;

Exhaust fan from the steam room

Exhaust air is removed from the bath through a special ventilation duct. The air exchange installation technology requires that the duct be installed diagonally to the inlet through which fresh air enters the bath.

Take care of the ventilation device in all areas of the bath, and not just in the steam room. The dressing room, rest room and other rooms of the bath should also be well ventilated.

What you need to know about floor ventilation?

Quite often, the owners of the baths forget that the floor of the steam room must also be well ventilated. Such forgetfulness leads to a very rapid deterioration of the structural elements of the floor and, in general, a deterioration in the characteristics of the bath.

Floors are constantly in contact with water. Without properly organized air exchange, the floor will collapse very quickly, and the floor covering will have to be changed after 2-3 years.

You need to think about floor ventilation even at the stage of bath construction, because. in an already finished room, it will be much more difficult to create high-quality air exchange.

First stage. Make small vents in opposite walls of the basement. It is best to provide for these vents at the stage of construction of the concrete base of the bath. Creating any holes in an already finished structure will lead to some decrease in the strength of the building.

Ventilation in the steam room

Second phase. Make one ventilation hole in opposite walls of the serviced room. Through them, clean air will flow into the room. Holes must be through. Ready channels are recommended to be closed with special ventilation grilles. Such protection will not allow all sorts of rodents and other pests to enter the bath.

Ventilation in the bath

Third stage. When building a furnace, make sure that its blower is slightly below the level of the finished floor. Thanks to this placement, the oven will also start working in the hood mode.

Fourth stage. Lay floor boards. When laying them, you need to leave gaps about 7-10 mm wide. Through these cracks, water can flow down. If the liquid lingers on the floor every time, the boards will rot very quickly.

Quite often, floor ventilation is arranged “according to Bast”. According to this technology, fresh air comes from under the stove, and exhaust oxygen is removed through a hole under the ceiling.

In accordance with the requirements of fire safety, a metal sheet must lie near the sauna stove. It is near this sheet that a hole is created to supply fresh air to the bath.

For the device of such air exchange, a special exhaust duct is required. You can buy a box ready-made or assemble it yourself from boards. The inner surface of the exhaust box must be covered with foil. The size of the box should be approximately 15-20% larger than the diameter of the chimney.

Ventilation "according to Bast" is the best option for those cases when the stove is located directly in the steam room. In such a situation, ventilation ducts can be equipped even directly in a brick podium.

Pay attention to the installation location of the sauna stove. If the stove is located directly in the steam room, then natural air exchange is present initially. You just don’t need to rely solely on it - such ventilation only works when the stove is running.

The most optimal option for installing ventilation is the arrangement of air exchange channels on opposite walls of the bath. They must be at different heights.

It is not recommended to place the ventilation holes too high. Although in most other cases it is recommended to make an exhaust hole directly under the ceiling, slightly different rules apply in baths. If you place the hood directly under the ceiling, hot air will leave the room very quickly.

For baths, the optimal height for placing ventilation holes is a level equal to 1-1.5 m.

Bath ventilation installation guide

There are several simple ways to organize effective air exchange in the bath. Study each of them and choose the best one for your steam room.

First way. Create an opening for fresh air. It should be behind the stove, about half a meter from the floor. Make a hole for exhaust air from the side opposite to the inlet, at a height of about 30 cm from the floor level. Install a fan in the outlet.

Create an opening for fresh air

The lower you place the exhaust duct, the more intense the air exchange will be.

However, there is no need to be too zealous either. Try to make holes at the recommended height, as such values ​​are the most optimal. Openings are recommended to be closed with ventilation grilles.

The second way. With this air exchange, both vents will be on the same wall. Work will be carried out with a wall parallel to the stove. The inlet duct is created at a level of about 30 cm from the floor, the exhaust duct is at the same distance from the ceiling of the bath. The exhaust opening is equipped with a fan. Close open channels with ventilation grilles.

The third way. Make a hole behind the sauna stove for air to enter. Position the intake duct about 20 cm from the floor surface. The exhaust channel is made at approximately the same height, but in the opposite wall. The exhaust opening is equipped with a fan. Close open channels with ventilation grilles.

Fourth way. This air exchange option is great for baths, the flooring of which is laid with slots to drain water. Make an inlet behind the stove unit at a distance of about 30 cm from the floor surface. An exhaust hole is not made in the case of such ventilation - the exhaust air will leave the bath through the cracks in the floor covering, and only after that it will be discharged to the street through a common ventilation pipe.

Ventilated floors in the bath

Fifth way. Such ventilation is ideal for baths with a constantly working furnace unit. Install the inlet channel opposite the stove, stepping back about 30 cm from the floor. The function of the hood will be performed by the oven.

Thus, the procedure for arranging ventilation is practically the same in all the considered methods. Each of them involves the creation of one or two holes, only the place and height of their placement change.

You can also make the holes yourself. Brick walls are easily traversed with a puncher, and log walls with any tool suitable for this, for example, a wood drill. It is recommended to put plastic pipes into the finished holes. Don't forget about protective ventilation grilles. In the future, you are unlikely to be happy with uninvited guests in the form of rodents.

Do-it-yourself ventilation in the bath - step by step instructions!

Find out in what order the ventilation in the bath is connected with your own hands. A detailed guide describing all the stages of work. Photo + video.

In order for bath procedures to bring only benefit and pleasure, two conditions are necessary:

• high level of temperature and humidity in the steam room;
• the presence of a sufficient amount of oxygen.

These seemingly mutually exclusive tasks are solved by ventilation in the bathhouse in general and in the steam room in particular. Despite the fact that high humidity and temperature should be maintained in the steam room of the Russian bath, one cannot do without access to fresh (cold) air: oxygen is processed by our lungs, partially burned out by the stove, and carbon monoxide (CO is the chemical formula carbon monoxide).

How to make ventilation in the bath. In the figure, red arrows show the movement of hot air, blue - cold

If you do not organize the replacement of “exhausted” air with fresh air, instead of improving health and increasing efficiency (this is what we go to the bath for), you can get lethargy, weakness and headache at best, and at worst - a hospital bed or even a place in the cemetery.

Properly arranged ventilation provides air circulation, while oxygen enters in sufficient quantities, and carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are released into the atmosphere. After the end of the bath procedures, with good ventilation, the steam is actively removed outside the building, and the rooms in which there was previously high humidity dry out. If this aspect was not given sufficient attention, after a couple of years in the steam room, and then in other rooms, the lining rots, the smell of mustiness and sweat appears and gradually increases, and the wood turns into dust. Now, I hope, it is clear whether ventilation is needed in the bath ...

Heating and ventilation of the bath. Please note that the exhaust hole is located at a low height from the floor - as a rule, not higher than 50 cm. With this scheme, exhaust steam is emitted into the atmosphere. Moreover, the floor in the steam room warms up well

Ventilation in the bath is not needed in only one case: if it is all built of wood and has not been insulated anywhere - neither inside nor outside. In this case, air exchange occurs due to the fact that the wood "breathes". Even in this case, they talk about the presence of natural ventilation in the bath: any wood has pores and cracks through which the outflow / inflow of air occurs, temperature and humidity are regulated. But if there is insulation or moisture / vapor insulation in the bath from rounded logs, then the creation of additional ventilation holes is necessary.

There are three types of ventilation:

1. mechanical ventilation. In this case, the inflow and outflow of air masses occurs due to artificially created air movement. Air parameters are controlled by technical means.
2. Natural ventilation: circulation occurs due to the difference in pressure inside and outside the room. This method is possible only if there are "breathing" walls or thoughtfully arranged ventilation vents.
3. Combined ventilation: the simultaneous use of the natural movement of air masses and technical devices (in the simplest case, fans).

The video below shows a variant of combined ventilation.

In a specific case, 100 micron aluminum foil was used in the construction of the ventilation duct.

Bath ventilation device

In the simplest version, the ventilation system of a steam room or bath consists of two (sometimes more) holes in the walls and / or foundation: supply and exhaust. The whole trick is in choosing the location of these holes and in their sizes. Sometimes, to provide more active air exchange, fans can be installed.

Heating and ventilation of the bath. In the simplest case, the exhaust vent is located near the ceiling

There is no single ventilation scheme for a bath: they are too different both in design features and in the materials from which they are made. But there are general rules and some of the most common schemes, adhering to which, you can choose the optimal ventilation for your particular case.

The dimensions of the ventilation openings are calculated based on the volume of the steam room: for one cubic meter of ventilated area, the size of the openings should be 24 cm 2.

Despite the fact that the main task in the bath is to maintain high humidity in the steam room and a sufficient level of temperature, it is impossible to make the ventilation holes too small: they will not provide the necessary level of air exchange. Exhaust vents must match the size of the supply: if the proportions are violated, air exchange will also be insufficient. In some cases, to speed up the removal of exhaust air and speed up the drying of the bath, two exhaust holes can be made.

To ensure the required air conditions when heating the steam room, special covers / plugs are made on the ventilation ducts that can be opened / closed from the steam room, thereby regulating humidity / temperature / air exchange. Generally speaking, the presence of plugs or covers on any vent facing the street is a must: in winter, cold air actively rushes into a warm room and the presence of covers or regulators to stop it is necessary.

Where can there be supply and exhaust openings

Most often, at least partially located in the steam room. In this case, the supply hole is made near the furnace at a distance no higher than 30 cm from the floor. The incoming cold air quickly warms up from the furnace and rises. This is quite popular, but not the best way to organize ventilation for a bath. Ventilation is much more effective when the supply holes are located in the foundation under the floor (so that rodents do not penetrate through them, the holes are equipped with metal bars). This option solves two problems at once: it delivers fresh air to the bath, and also effectively dries the floors and walls after the procedures are completed. Floor boards, in this case, are not laid close, but with a small gap for free passage of air. If you don’t want to leave gaps in the floor (although this is very good for a bath), you can make several ventilation holes in the floor, covered with wooden grates. The air movement in this case will not be so active, more powerful fans may be needed, but the circuit will remain operational.

When planning the supply vents in the foundation, keep in mind that the air in the bath should come from the street, and not from the underground, otherwise it will have a musty smell. To organize air intake from the street, a box made of wood (often home-made), plastic or metal (ready-made) is placed in the hole, and it is also taken out near the stove. Usually, inlets are located in the area that is protected by a metal or asbestos sheet from coals and firebrands.

Ventilation openings in the foundation are provided at the planning stage. If the foundation is already ready, but there are no ventilation holes, you can make the floor ventilation in the steam room differently: lay the floor boards on the logs, but not close to each other, but with a gap of 0.5-1 cm. In the gap between the draft (earth / concrete) floor and the finishing floor, an outlet is arranged, which passes into a ventilation pipe that leads the exhaust air to the roof (but not to the attic). This option provides for the presence of only one inlet, which is usually arranged below the heater. The exhaust pipe under the floor is installed on the opposite side of the room (but not opposite, but obliquely).

It is impossible to make an exhaust pipe in a steam room from plastic boxes for ventilation - they cannot withstand high temperatures, but it is permissible to use them in a locker room or washing department.

With such a ventilation scheme in the steam room, cold air warms up near the stove, rises, then, cooling down, falls down, seeps through the cracks in the floor under the floor and is discharged through the outlet pipe. These two options effectively remove moisture after the bath, they can also be considered floor ventilation schemes in the bath.

Exhaust openings can be located on the opposite wall from the supply opening (if both of these walls face the street) or on the same wall, but in the opposite corner. There is a scheme in which they are located at the top on the wall opposite (30 cm from the ceiling), sometimes they are located below (30 cm from the floor). If the exhaust vent is at the bottom or on the same wall as the supply vent, a fan is needed to create airflow.

In order for the ventilation in the bath to remain effective, it is impossible:

• make ventilation vents smaller than calculated ones;
• to place the supply and exhaust openings one opposite the other - so the incoming air is almost immediately removed without giving up oxygen, a draft is formed, which is contraindicated for a bath.

Steam room ventilation schemes

Consider some of the most common options for ventilation in the steam room:

These are the most commonly used ventilation schemes for steam rooms in the bath, there are many more variations and combinations. Based on these four options for organizing ventilation, you can develop a scheme for your steam room.

Ventilation in the washing section of the bath

In the washing room, high humidity is a common thing, and so that the lining does not rot or an unpleasant smell appears, it is necessary to provide floor ventilation. It is arranged similarly to floor ventilation in a steam room: an exhaust hole is made between the rough and finishing floors, which can be equipped with a fan. The exhaust pipe is displayed on the roof.

With such a floor ventilation scheme in the washing compartment, the coldest exhaust air is removed, and warmer air from the upper layers descends in its place. Thus, an increase in the comfort of the people living here is also achieved.

The principle of the ventilation device in all other rooms of the bath is the same. You need to decide on the optimal ventilation system specifically for your conditions and select / develop the most suitable scheme. The ventilation in the washing department differs only in that, due to lower air temperatures, plastic ventilation ducts can be used here (which cannot be done in the steam room) and fans can be installed not heat-resistant, but only tolerating high humidity (moisture-proof).

Brick and Turkish bath ventilation

When planning a ventilation system for a brick bath, it must be taken into account that its efficiency should be several times higher than that of a wooden one. Indeed, in this case, it will be necessary to dry not only the inner lining of the steam room / washing / locker room, but also the walls: brick is a very hygroscopic material. To remove all moisture, it is necessary that the inflow / outflow of air during drying be very active, and the vents should have reliable dampers that allow you to adjust the intensity of air movement.

When arranging ventilation with its 100% humidity, exhaust ventilation must also be very efficient: in an hour of operation, it is necessary to provide six changes of air in the room. In addition, it is necessary to provide for the possibility of removing condensate, which forms during cooling in large quantities. There are two ways to solve this problem: install an air dryer in the pipe, which discharges condensate into the sewer system, or provide a channel for condensate drainage in the ventilation pipe (it also goes into the sewer).

Conclusion: it is necessary to plan ventilation at the design stage of the bath, placing supply vents in the foundation. If necessary, you can make vents in the finished walls, but this is quite troublesome and difficult.

Among the most important indicators of the Russian bath, they traditionally name the temperature and the level of humidity, forgetting about another fundamental indicator - air exchange. This is very reckless, because even if you carefully insulate the room and achieve comfortable humidity, staying in a steam room with stale air will not only be uncomfortable, but also dangerous. If you want to avoid such a fate, take care of the ventilation in the steam room in advance. You can even equip such a system with your own hands - let's take a closer look at how to do it right.

Before proceeding to the description of the features of the direct technological process, first we will clarify why ventilation is necessary in the bath in the steam room. It is no secret that many skeptics consider its arrangement only an unjustified waste of time and money, but this is far from the case - the lack of a ventilation system can lead to at least three sharply negative consequences.

Types of ventilation systems for the steam room

Ventilation in the bath in the steam room can be of three types:

• natural;
• mechanical;
• combined.

The natural system assumes that air circulation is provided by the difference in pressure and temperature levels in the steam room and on the street. The principle of operation here is simple: first, hot air rises to the upper zone of the steam room, and then leaves through the exhaust hole to the street, thereby discharging the atmosphere in the bath - this creates the conditions for drawing in new air through the supply hole. The advantage of such ventilation is minimal financial costs. But here one nuance must be taken into account: with insufficient insulation of the structure, the natural air duct will be an obstacle to high-quality heating of the bath.

Steam room ventilation scheme

Mechanical ventilation operates by means of special devices that control the exit of exhaust air and the supply of new air flows into the steam room. As a rule, various kinds of fans act as such devices. The advantage of the mechanical system is that ventilation equipment can be installed in almost any area of ​​the room.

Advice. A classic duct fan is not suitable for a bath, as it will not endure the harsh conditions of a steam room - it is better to use special models made of glass-filled polyamide that can withstand high temperatures - up to 130 degrees.

Combined ventilation combines elements of both natural and mechanical systems. It functions in this way: mechanical devices are responsible for extracting the exhaust air, and fresh air enters through a separate supply opening.

Ventilation schemes

There are at least five working ventilation schemes that can be used in a steam room - choose a specific option based on the design features of your Russian bath.

• The supply opening is behind the stove at a distance of 50 cm from the heater, and the exhaust opening is opposite, at a distance of 20 cm from the base of the floor. The air is removed forcibly - this is provided by a fan built into the lower opening.
• The supply opening is behind the heater at a distance of 30 cm from the floor base, the exhaust opening is at a distance of 20 cm from the floor on the opposite wall. The air is forced out - with the help of a fan. The main feature of the scheme is a very high rate of heating of fresh air.

Bath ventilation systems

• Both openings - both flow and exhaust - are placed on one side directly opposite the stove, but at different levels: the first is at a distance of 30 cm from the base of the floor, the second is 20 cm from the ceiling. The system operates using a fan, which is mounted in the exhaust opening.

Advice. Such a scheme is suitable for baths with an internal placement of a steam room - when the room has only one external side.

• The supply hole is behind the stove at a height of 20 cm from the base of the floor. There is no exhaust opening - instead, a special leaking floor is provided: the exhaust air masses pass through its slots to the ventilation pipe. Such a system guarantees the performance of an additional function - prompt drying of the floor.
• The supply opening is opposite the stove at a distance of 20 cm from the base of the floor. The role of the exhaust hole is assigned to the blower. Such a scheme is suitable only for those baths where the heater operates continuously.

General rules for organizing ventilation in the steam room

Whichever version of the ventilation system you choose, you need to equip it according to certain rules.

Firstly, it is desirable to make all holes for ventilation even at the stage of building a bath, since punching channels in an already finished structure is a very difficult process. The ideal option is to decide on a suitable scheme during the design of a Russian bath in order to make all the necessary changes to the work plan in a timely manner.

Secondly, the dimensions of the exhaust opening should be approximately the same as the dimensions of the supply opening. In any case, the "output" should not be less than the "input", otherwise it will not be possible to ensure a full outflow of exhaust air from the steam room. And in order to speed up this process, it is allowed to increase the dimensions of the exhaust opening and even equip two “exits” in one room.

Make a valve to block the air flow in the cold season

Thirdly, in order to regulate the airflow of the steam room, all ventilation openings must be equipped with special shutters or shutters. They will come in handy in several situations: when heating the steam room, when the vents will need to be covered to quickly raise the temperature to the required level, as well as in the frosty season, when cold air will actively rush into a warm room.

Fourthly, the cross section of the ventilation hole should be related to the area of ​​the steam room in the proportion: 1 cu. m area - 24 cm section. If the holes are small, the air in the room will not be able to quickly update.

Of course, organizing ventilation in the bath with your own hands is not an easy task. But it is fundamentally necessary: ​​without air exchange, you can forget about the comfort, safety and durability of the steam room. Now you know the main rules and subtleties of this work - if you stick to them, you will definitely be able to make a high-quality ventilation system even without professional help.

Ventilation in the bath: video

Being indoors, a person absorbs oxygen, exhaling carbon dioxide. Everything seems to be as usual, but if such a room means a steam room, where hot steam is constantly swirling, then fresh air in this case has nowhere to come from. In such a room it is impossible not only to rest, but even just to be. After all, the body gradually relaxes, the amount of oxygen, in turn, decreases, and by the time there is nothing to breathe, a person may simply not reach the door.

According to safety standards, the replacement of air in the steam room should occur many times a day so that the people who are there can relax and cleanse themselves. Otherwise, a person will not be able to restore strength and will return home tired, with migraines and oxygen starvation. That is why the bath must be equipped with proper ventilation, because what can cope with the microclimate better than it? Neither herbs nor various incense will be able to add a couple of "usefulness" if there is no air circulation.

So, today we will talk about how ventilation is provided in the steam room with your own hands.

Improperly equipped ventilation can lead to certain consequences.

1. Even with good ventilation, the tree is subjected to enormous loads, so it often lasts no more than twenty years. Without fresh air, the service life will be reduced several times.
2. If carbon dioxide is not removed from the steam room, then its use will do more harm than good. In addition to carbon dioxide, combustion products accumulate there, and fungi and mold are permanent “guests” of any room with insufficient ventilation.
3. If the steam room is not ventilated, then soon it will be filled with the smell of rotten wood and stale air.

Another important function of air circulation is heat transfer. The fact is that air with high humidity does not conduct heat well and as a result, the stove will only heat the space around it. That is why the ventilation inlet is usually located behind the stove, almost above the floor itself. This contributes to the fact that already heated air is distributed through the steam room; if the ventilation inlet is located in another place, it will supply cold air to the room, thereby disrupting heat transfer.

The exit must be installed on the opposite side of the entrance.

Note! A common mistake is often encountered: the entrance and exit are placed on the same level. This creates a vicious cycle that barely affects most of the room. As a result, it will be too cold below, and too hot under the ceiling.

When arranging a bath, not only the correct choice of one or another ventilation scheme is important. Of great importance is the diameter of the ventilation holes. It is calculated as follows: for every 24 cm of the hole there must be one cubic meter of the room, otherwise there will be no circulation.

It should be noted that it is desirable to equip the inlets and outlets with plugs to regulate the intensity of air exchange. Mines should be laid even during the construction of the bath.

Bath ventilation methods - which is better?

The steam room can be ventilated both by natural air movement and artificially, using a specially installed fan. Artificial ventilation is rightfully considered simpler, because it is possible to properly equip the entrance / exit only with special knowledge and considerable experience.

Note! Not every duct fan is suitable for providing artificial air ventilation. The installed model must tolerate high humidity and temperature changes well, otherwise the electronics will break, which is extremely dangerous in a conventional wooden structure, which is often a Russian bath.

The technology of arranging ventilation in the steam room

To begin with, we note that the air flow primarily depends on the furnace. So it's worth finding out how it works.

Where does the ventilation of the bath begin?

It is worth noting that the firebox can be located both in the steam room itself and in the next room. Brick or stone is used for lining the furnace. A 5 cm gap is required between the lining and the metal.

Often, a firebox is installed in the rest room - so the garbage will not accumulate, and you will not have to run to the steam room every time in order to throw firewood. And now - directly to work.

First stage. Forced ventilation

A special channel is equipped for it, located above the floor. The channel should be located near the firebox where a metal sheet is laid that protects the tree from coal.

Step one. First you need to build a special box, which would be about 1/5 more than the chimney. The box is displayed outside, and not under the floor, otherwise unpleasant odors will constantly hover in the steam room.

Note! When the firebox is located directly in the steam room, two boxes are needed at once - the second will be convection.

Step two. Next, you need to equip a special podium near the wall, in which holes are made for air flow. For this, three rows of bricks are laid out with an “edge” - one under the wall, the second in the middle, and the third at the edge.

Step three. Masonry is being made for a furnace 25 cm high up to the very brick screen, in the upper part of it (masonry) must be blocked. In place of the immediate location of the furnace, you do not need to put the last two bricks - so fresh air will go into the furnace itself. The end must be laid with a brick.

Step four. The convection box must be brought to the end. A blower is installed on its end. It is necessary to put something under it, otherwise it will constantly rub against the floor when opening / closing etc.

Step four. After the construction of the podium, you can install the oven. This is best done on special metal corners, which will evenly distribute the load on the box. It remains only to overlay the oven and install a screen with several holes. These holes will be ventilation, which will allow you to warm the room with hot air.

Second phase. Outflow ventilation

We have already considered the construction technology of the main heat pump. It remains only to take care of the outflow of air. The ideal option is to install the outflow box diagonally with respect to the inlet, which will allow you to ventilate the steam room as efficiently as possible.

Step one. If the brick shirt of one of the walls goes, for example, into the rest room, then you just need to bring out another door there. So you can kill two birds with one stone: take the air out of the steam room and heat the dressing room (of course, if the box is installed correctly).

Step two. Box construction. This box must be made with an area of ​​​​125 cm² (+ 10%) and installed approximately 30 cm above the floor surface. Next, the ventilation duct should go through the wall to the ceiling and go outside.

Note! For the construction of the structure, you can use ready-made ventilation ducts, sheathing them with clapboard after assembly. So the products will look more natural, not differing from the general background.

About heating and ventilation

If the lower doors are open during the operation of the furnace, then the air, penetrating through them, warms up and leaves the room through the upper ones (but not completely - some of it drops and heats up again). The lower door should be opened even before the oven is melted in order to ensure its “acceleration”.

At the same time, the steam room will heat up until the hot air reaches the bottom of the box, after which it will begin to squeeze out cooler air, which, in turn, goes outside and heats everything that comes in its way. This is how the steam room is ventilated and heated at the same time, and this is how proper ventilation should function.

Note! The convection doors open every time someone is in the steam room. These doors, being connected to neighboring rooms, warm them up.

As a conclusion

Few people know that when insulating a chimney in a bath, they deprive themselves of another source of heat. Of course, you should not leave a red-hot chimney in a “bare” form, you need to make a brick casing around it, building a blower door on the second row. And if you equip a second door on top, then a real heat pump will come out, which will both warm up and ventilate the room.

Video - Do-it-yourself steam room