Night driving. The most important factor in safe driving is compliance with the speed limit.

Night driving is undoubtedly more dangerous than daytime driving, but many drivers still don't see it that way. Even despite the fact that at night the traffic intensity is ten times less than during the day, the main percentage of accidents occur at night. And, of course, the darkness is to blame. Driving in the dark limits visibility, creates the danger of blinding by the headlights of oncoming traffic, the driver gets tired faster at night, and his attention is weakened. But for one reason or another, all drivers still have to drive at night, especially in winter, when daylight hours are very short.

Possible dangers

The very first danger is the physiological characteristics of a person. At night, a person must sleep, and the desire to fall asleep carries a considerable danger, because a person with the naked eye can see during the day, and not at night. Whatever lighting is used, it will not replace daylight for the driver.

Old yellowed glass headlights, as well as dirt on them, reduce the intensity of illumination. Incorrectly adjusted headlights create an even greater danger - they can dazzle the driver of an oncoming vehicle.

Starting to overtake, you can make a mistake and incorrectly determine the distance to the vehicle in front, since under artificial lighting, vision often deceives a person. When driving on dark, unlit lanterns country roads possible unexpected appearance of wild animals. A blinded and frightened animal may not run off to the side, but stand in place as if rooted to the spot, while the risk of running into it is very high.

Compliance with the speed limit

People who are experts in traffic safety come to one main opinion - it is necessary to reduce the speed limit. A lot of cars are equipped with headlights capable of illuminating a 100-meter interval in front of a vehicle with a high beam mode, and with a low beam - 30-45 m. it is recommended to reduce the speed and switch over already at a speed not exceeding 60 km / h.

If you are moving along a long-familiar section of the road, then this does not give you the right to relax and increase speed, hoping that you know every bump here. Russian roads they are arranged in such a way that in any place where yesterday there was absolutely even asphalt, a pit may appear today. And if during the day you would have noticed this hole without any problems, then at night you can easily fly into it.

With the onset of darkness, observing all the rules of the speed limit, do not forget about passing vehicles. It happens that the driver of the vehicle moving behind could not distinguish the lit brake lights from the side lights. The result is clear in advance - an accident. To avoid such a situation, in addition to observing the speed limit, you should keep a distance, which should be more than during the day.

In case of a forced stop, do not forget to turn on the parking lights, they are strictly forbidden to turn off. This rule also applies to driving a car in the daytime.

When an oncoming vehicle approaches with high beams on, a signal should be given to the driver of the oncoming vehicle. If there was no response to the warning, then when driving, you should not look at the luminous headlights of the oncoming vehicle. As experienced drivers advise, this technique helps: when driving, you should close one eye, and watch the road with the other. Being blinded, one eye stops seeing for a couple of tens of seconds, but the other, being closed, remains sighted. This allows him to observe the road until the second eye returns to normal.

Glare can also occur from the rear of the following vehicle by reflecting light from the rear-view mirrors. When the high beam mode is on on the vehicle catching up with you, you need to warn the driver about this, for example, by blinking the parking lights. But if your warning was ignored, then it is better to give way to him, thereby ensuring the safety of both yourself and this hurry.

If you feel a desire to fall asleep at the wheel, you can use the following recommendations: if there are passengers, talk loudly with them, waving a dream; Loud listening to rhythmic music also helps; you can wash cold water; stop for a while and do a warm-up (kick the wheels). And if nothing helps, and unbearably sleepy, it is better to set aside a couple of hours and sleep. You will compensate for this time with the cheerfulness that came after sleep.

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To date, speeding or non-compliance with its specific road conditions is one of the main causes of accidents. As a result, road users are injured and killed, and the higher the speed, the higher the severity of the consequences of an accident.

In order to intensify and improve the efficiency of work to ensure road safety and prevent gross violations of the Rules of the Road associated with exceeding the established speed by drivers, to prevent traffic accidents and reduce the severity of their consequences on the territory of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania on October 5, 2016 by employees of the State traffic inspectorate of the republic carried out preventive measures "Speed", during which employees held preventive conversations with road users about how vital it is to observe the speed limit.

The purpose of the event is to reduce the level of accidents in the service area, the severity of the consequences of road traffic injuries and the suppression of the most severe traffic violations associated with exceeding the established speed limit. State traffic inspectors reminded drivers to observe the speed limit, the need to take into account the traffic intensity, the characteristics and condition of the vehicle and cargo, road and meteorological conditions, including visibility in the direction of travel.

The most important factor safe movement, is an right choice distance and compliance with the speed limit, and taking possible measures to reduce speed up to stopping the vehicle, if necessary.

It is impossible to deal with accidents on the roads by the forces of the State traffic inspectorate alone. Confronting road traffic injuries is the task of the whole society as a whole, as well as each road user individually.

Rules of the road - the law of life! Exceeding the speed in urban traffic conditions does not lead to a significant gain in time. The road is always fraught with danger, where there is no place for self-confidence and carelessness.

Remember this, and our roads will be safe!

themes: traffic police

In the Irafsky district of North Ossetia, the action "Keep speed!"

Probably any person, if you ask him: "Do you know the rules of the road?", will answer in the affirmative. At the same time, many people neglect these rules. Exceeding or wrong choice of speed are one of the main violations of traffic rules by drivers, resulting in the largest number incidents.

Today, traffic police officers in the Irafsky district carried out a preventive action called "Speed" in the service area.

The goal is to reduce accidents due to speeding.

When conducting preventive conversations with drivers, the inspectors reminded them that when driving, they must be law-abiding road users, since the life and health of other road users depend on their actions.

Also, the police pasted leaflets on the windows of cars calling for compliance with the speed limit.

The speed must provide the driver with the possibility of constant control over the movement of the vehicle.

As speed increases, the driver's field of vision narrows. At speed, the driver sees only a narrow strip of asphalt in front of his car. Signs, traffic lights, people, cars and the edge of the road remain out of sight. Which often leads to serious consequences ....

Employees of the State traffic inspectorate hope that the action will remain in the memory of motorists, and henceforth they will be more responsible for observing traffic rules, without endangering themselves and those around them on the road.

In the Prigorodny district of North Ossetia, inspectors reminded about the observance of the speed limit

In order to prevent traffic violations that provoke traffic accidents by traffic police officers on roads and in settlements Prigorodny district organized preventive raid activities "Keep speed".

The leadership of the traffic police noted - "The statistics of incidents show that consequences of an accident that occurred as a result of non-compliance with the speed limit by drivers are characterized by a high severity of consequences. Significantly exceeding the set speed, the driver partially, and sometimes completely loses control over the control of the car, this often leads to traffic accidents in which people are seriously injured, and sometimes the outcome is tragic. Of course, the guarantor of road safety is the strictest observance of traffic rules. In addition to compliance with traffic rules, such a moment as the manifestation of mutual respect in the process of traffic is also important. Sometimes you have to watch how some drivers use an aggressive driving style, these are usually young people with little driving experience. With experience and over the years comes caution, a conscious attitude to everything related to the management of transport, since a car is a means of increased danger.

The purpose of the events organized by us is to draw the attention of road users to the problem of accidents, and to minimize accidents due to exceeding the established speed."

Actions of drivers provided for in clause 10.1 of the Rules of the Road

During the monitoring of traffic accidents, cases were identified in which drivers tried to avoid a traffic accident, mistakenly believing that the only way to do this was to change lanes. At the same time, they had the technical ability to avoid the accident by applying the brakes and not changing lanes, since at the time of the accident their lane was free.

It should be recalled that if the driver changed lanes, but did not avoid a traffic accident, then he is liable under the law. Let's take a situation demonstrating the above as an example.

The driver of car "A" was moving on the right lane of the carriageway on a section of the road where there are two traffic lanes in each direction. At some point, the driver detected a pedestrian crossing carriageway from left to right, and entered the left lane. Assuming that the pedestrian would continue moving in the same direction, the driver of car "A" drove into the left lane of his direction of travel in order to avoid an accident, where he hit a stopped pedestrian, causing him serious bodily harm. The pedestrian crossed the roadway in the wrong place, endangering the movement of the driver of car "A", thereby violating the requirements of part 1 of clause 1.5 of the SDA.

Other actions of the driver, including changing lanes, are not provided for by the Rules of the Road and, according to general rule, cannot be considered legitimate.

"What Russian does not like fast driving? This phrase from the first part of Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol's poem "Dead Souls" very accurately characterizes the Russian soul. And although it was written more than 170 years ago, in our time, the time of high speeds, it becomes especially relevant. Modern cars can develop tremendous speeds, and drivers often succumb to the temptation to ride with the breeze. But the passion for high-speed traffic is fraught with serious danger. Let's try to figure out why driving at high speed is not at all safe.

According to the Rules of the Road, the main legal document regulating the behavior of drivers on the road, the maximum permitted speed in built-up areas is 60 km / h, unless there are appropriate prohibition signs that define another top speed traffic: 15 km/h, 40 km/h, etc. The introduction of such traffic signs is not accidental. Road users are not only drivers and passengers Vehicle but also pedestrians. You can cross the street using an underground or ground pedestrian crossing - this is the safest option. However, often pedestrians cross from one side of the street to the other through pedestrian crossings, leaving directly on the roadway. In this case, the appearance of a pedestrian on the road may be sudden. In this case, emergency braking must be applied to avoid a collision.

Instantaneously, the car will not be able to stop for several reasons. First, the reaction time of the driver, after which he presses the brake pedal, is 0.4 - 1.6 s, that is, on average 1 s. During this time, the vehicle will continue to move at the same speed. Secondly, after an emergency pressing of the brake pedal, the wheels will stop rotating and begin to slide on the road surface. It will take some time for the car to come to a complete stop. Let's try to calculate the dependence of the braking distance on the speed before braking.

Let be the initial speed; at the end of deceleration, the speed is equal to 0 m/s. The force that will reduce the speed of movement is the force of sliding friction. According to Amonton Coulomb's law, it is equal to:

where is the coefficient of sliding friction, is the reaction force pavement. Then the braking distance will consist of two sections. First section - uniform motion at a speed for a time equal to the reaction time of the driver. The second area - uniformly accelerated motion with constant negative acceleration. Applying Newton's second law and taking into account that the reaction force of the road surface is balanced by the force of gravity, we get:

where is the acceleration free fall, that is, the car will move with an acceleration equal in magnitude to .

Using kinematic equations for uniform and uniformly accelerated rectilinear movements, we obtain the formula for the stopping distance:

It can be seen from the dependence obtained that the length of the braking distance is determined by the initial speed, the reaction time of the driver, the coefficient of sliding friction and the free fall acceleration, which is approximately equal to 9.8 m/s. The coefficient of sliding friction depends on the condition of the road surface and vehicle tires. For dry asphalt, it is in the range: 0,5 – 0.8, mean value is 0,65 , and for wet - in the range: 0,25 – 0,75 , the mean value is 0,5 . Thus, the average stopping distance of a car moving on dry asphalt at a speed 20 km/h or approximately 5.6 m/s, equals approximately 8.1 m. In this case, the probability of a collision with a pedestrian suddenly on the roadway is quite small, and the speed of the car is relatively low. It is for this reason that near unregulated pedestrian crossings there is a sign limiting the maximum possible speed of movement 20 km/h However, if, other things being equal, we move at a speed 90 km/h or 25 m/s, braking distance on average increases to a value of approximately 74.1 m That is, the braking distance, taking into account the reaction time of the driver, increases more than 9 times! Avoiding a collision in this case is almost impossible. Therefore, compliance with the speed limit is vital for those involved in road traffic pedestrians, especially children.

According to the proposed method, we suggest that you solve the problem:

Calculate the worst case braking distance when driving on wet pavement at a speed of 100 km/h, using the this material values of physical quantities.

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