3.1.1. The territory of the chemical industry enterprise must be fenced and have at least two permanently serviceable exits to highways or adjacent public roads.

3.1.2. All roads and passages on the territory of the enterprise must be kept in good condition, repaired in a timely manner, in accordance with winter time clear of snow and illuminate at night to ensure safe passage.

3.1.3. Free access must be provided to all buildings and structures of the enterprise. Driveways and entrances to buildings and fire water sources, as well as approaches to fire equipment and equipment must be free. Fire gaps between buildings are not allowed to be used for storage of materials, equipment, packaging containers and for parking vehicles.

3.1.4. The closure of sections of roads or driveways for their repair (or for other reasons), which prevents the passage of fire trucks, must be immediately notified to the fire department.

For the period of repair of the company's roads, detour direction signs should be installed in appropriate places or crossings through the repaired sections should be arranged.

3.1.5. Moving and transitions through intraplant railways must always be free for the passage of fire trucks and have solid flooring at the level with the rail heads. Parking of wagons without locomotives at crossings is prohibited.

3.1.6. For the proper maintenance of roads, entrances, fire hydrants and water sources, the persons appointed by the order for the enterprise are responsible.

3.1.7. In winter, fire hydrants and their entrances must be cleared of snow, and the roofs of hydrants must be cleared of ice. hydrants must be insulated.

3.1.8. It is necessary to ensure that there are convenient access roads to the existing sites and piers of natural water sources for the installation of fire trucks and there are devices for taking water in summer and winter periods of the year.

3.1.9. The territory of the enterprise must be kept clean. Avoid contamination with flammable liquids, garbage and production waste. Production waste that cannot be disposed of, garbage, fallen leaves, dry grass should be regularly removed and removed from the territory of the enterprise.

3.1.10. On the premises of the enterprise, as well as in industrial premises, at the bases and warehouses, smoking, burning of garbage and waste is prohibited, about which there should be warning signs in prominent places. In areas designated for smoking, urns or barrels of water are installed and the inscription "Smoking Area" is made.

3.1.11. In areas of the territory of the enterprise where the accumulation of combustible vapors or gases is possible, the passage of cars, tractors, motorcycles and other vehicles is prohibited.

3.1.12. Equipment parts and materials necessary for production should be placed in specially designated places, agreed with the State Fire Supervision authorities, in a strictly defined quantity and in compliance with the rules for their storage.

3.1.13. Fire-fighting equipment and fire extinguishing equipment should be placed in well-accessible and visible places, illuminated at night. On the territory of the enterprise, stencils on the order of calling should be posted in prominent places. fire brigade.

3.1.14. The construction of temporary combustible buildings and structures on the territory of the industrial zone is not allowed.

3.1.15. Stationary fire escapes, as well as fences on the roofs of buildings, must be kept in good condition.

3.2.1. All production, service, storage and auxiliary buildings, premises and open installations should be kept clean and tidy at all times.

3.2.2. In the premises and outdoor installations of workshops and warehouses, all passages, emergency exits, corridors, vestibules, stairs, approaches to production equipment and machines, materials and fire extinguishing equipment, communications and fire alarm should always be free. Doors on escape routes must open freely in the direction of exit from the building.

3.2.3. For rooms that can be overloaded with equipment or materials, it is necessary to establish the maximum allowable load rate and write it down in the shop manual.

The maximum allowable load rate can be determined:

a) an indication of the maximum allowable volume, mass or quantity of substances and materials simultaneously used or stored in this room;

b) an indication allowable rate, based on the productivity of the workshop, department, site (for example, no more than a daily, shift or hourly need for raw materials and auxiliary materials);

c) the allocation of clear lines on the floor of areas for storing substances, materials and containers, taking into account the provision of normal longitudinal and transverse passages, emergency exits and approaches to fire extinguishing equipment.

3.2.4. It is forbidden to store and use in the basements and basement floors of industrial and administrative buildings explosives, gases under pressure, film, plastics, polymers and other materials that have an increased fire hazard. It is forbidden to store material assets on the ramps of warehouses, in ventilation chambers.

3.2.5. In the stairwells of buildings it is forbidden to arrange working, storage and other premises, lay industrial gas pipelines, pipelines with flammable and combustible liquids, arrange exits from the mines of cargo lifts, as well as install equipment that impedes the movement of people.

3.2.6. It is not allowed to use the attic space in production purposes or to store wealth. Attic spaces must be kept locked at all times; the keys to them must be kept in a certain place, accessible to receive them at any time.

3.2.7. Safety devices against the spread of fire and combustion products through openings in fire walls and ceilings ( fire doors, water curtains, dampers, dampers, anti-smoke devices) must always be in good working order. Their performance must be checked within the time limits determined by shop instructions.

3.2.8. It is forbidden to redevelop industrial and office premises if there is no project agreed with local supervisory authorities and approved by the administration. When redevelopment, it is impossible to allow a decrease in fire resistance limits building structures, worsening the conditions for evacuating people, reducing efficiency, removing flammable vapors, gases, dust and combustible production waste.

3.2.9. Trenches, pits and underground channels in workshops of category A, B and E, in the presence of vapors or gases with a density of more than 0.8 relative to air, should be kept constantly covered with sand. In the presence of open pits or unfilled channels, if this is allowed by the "Safety Rules in Explosive and Explosive Chemical and Petrochemical Production", systematic monitoring of their cleanliness and serviceability should be established.

3.2.10. When crossing fire barriers with various communications, the gaps between them and the structures of the barriers must be tightly sealed over their entire thickness with non-combustible material.

3.2.11. Devices against the spread of flammable and combustible liquids, made in the form of a barrier along the perimeter of open areas and whatnots, in the form of sides along the perimeter of intermediate platforms of rooms and outdoor whatnots, around openings in interfloor ceilings, on the roofs of buildings when placed on them production equipment or whatnots, as well as ramps at doorways and the bunding of the tanks must be kept in good order: damage to them, made during the repair of equipment, should be immediately eliminated.

3.2.12. Floor cleaning of working premises should be carried out as necessary, but at least once per shift; cleaning of external passages, platforms and stairs - at least once a day.

3.2.13. To clean the filled areas of the workshop and production equipment, it is necessary to use industrial vacuum cleaners or a specially designed pneumatic cleaning system, and in their absence, cleaning should be carried out with a wet or wet method.

3.2.14. Oiled overalls should be stored in metal cabinets hung up. For better ventilation, the doors should have holes in the top and bottom.

3.2.15. Rags, rags and other cleaning materials should be collected in metal boxes with lids. The contents of these boxes at least once a shift before the end of work should be sent for regeneration or destruction.

3.2.16. Combustible structures of warehouses, industrial and auxiliary buildings should be protected from fire with fire-retardant paint, coating or impregnation. Existing fire protection in case of destruction must be restored.

3.3.1. The operation of production equipment in each workshop and department, the norms for the overhaul run, the norms for loading equipment and the main parameters of the process must comply with the requirements of the technological regulations approved in the prescribed manner.

3.3.2. Technological equipment under normal operating conditions, it must be fireproof, and for cases of malfunctions and accidents, protective measures must be provided to limit the scope and consequences of a fire.

3.3.3. Violations of the established norms of pressure, temperature and other parameters of the technological regulations that affect the fire safety of the process should be carefully considered by the administration of the shop or plant to find out the reasons and take measures to prevent the recurrence of such cases.

3.3.4. At each enterprise, in accordance with the current rules and regulations, as well as special lists approved by the Ministry Chemical industry, the category and class of explosion and fire hazard of production workshops, installations and warehouses should be determined and appropriate inscriptions should be made at the entrance to the premises.

3.3.5. Service staff enterprises should know the characteristics fire hazard applied or produced (received) substances and materials. Apply in production processes and storage of substances and materials with unexplored parameters of fire and explosion hazard is prohibited.

3.3.6. The tightness of apparatuses and pipelines with fire and explosion hazardous substances must be systematically monitored.

3.3.7. It is forbidden to perform production operations on faulty equipment (installations and machines), as well as with faulty or disconnected control and measuring and protective devices, as this can lead to fires or fires.

3.3.8. Must comply deadlines conducting inspections of equipment, as well as stopping it for repairs and creating conditions for safe inspections and repairs.

3.3.9. To ensure the safety of equipment operation in open areas and whatnots, the following should be provided:

a) opportunity quick removal water and solidifying liquids from the devices when they stop working;

b) heating in winter of switching valves, gate valves, drainage lines, safety and other devices that may fail to work when low temperatures, cause an accident and fire;

c) the possibility of safe evacuation of people in the event of a fire, as well as the conditions for a safe attack on the fire;

d) the presence of serviceable (with a shelf height of more than 20 m) dry pipes with a diameter of at least 65 mm connected to a fire-fighting water supply system, as well as adapted to supply water from fire engines.

3.3.10. It is forbidden to lay pipelines for the transportation of flammable and explosive, poisonous and caustic substances through household, utility and administrative premises, switchgears, electrical rooms, instrumentation rooms and ventilation chambers.

3.3.11. The locations of the fittings used to ensure the safety of apparatus and pipelines in the event of a fire should be shown on the layout of the main communications of the workshop, indicating their purpose and the sequence of switching on or closing in case of fire.

3.3.12. In workshops where, according to the conditions of technology, the use of open apparatuses, containers or open containers with flammable and combustible liquids cannot be avoided, it is necessary:

a) clearly determine the amount of flammable liquids at the workplace at the same time and not exceed it; the established norm should provide the minimum required amount of flammable and combustible liquids;

b) work with the capture of released vapors by local suctions;

c) have serviceable lids on open bathtubs and containers and close them during non-working periods and in case of fire;

d) ensure the possibility of emergency draining of liquid from stationary baths and containers;

e) carry out work to replace flammable solvents with less hazardous and non-combustible ones.

3.3.13. Drainage devices liquefied gases, flammable liquids, flammable and toxic liquids from containers and apparatus in the event of an accident or fire, must always be in good order. Emergency drain line valves must have identification marks, and the approaches to them - to be free.

Emergency draining can only be carried out at the direction of the head of the workshop, installation or the head of the liquidation of the accident (fire). The sequence of operations for emergency draining should be provided for in the instructions.

3.3.14. The operation of containers and apparatuses with faulty, disconnected or incorrectly adjusted safety and breathing valves in the absence of outlet pipes removed from the premises is not allowed.

3.3.15. General plant or workshop flare devices must be fenced to exclude free access to them. It is not allowed to operate the flare device without a flame arrester on the gas line in front of the flare barrel, without a wind-protected igniter (constantly burning flame tongue) or an automatic ignition system.

3.3.16. It is forbidden to operate in the absence of flame arresters (hydraulic locks) or if they are turned off the following units:

a) breathing lines from devices and containers with flammable liquids, as well as with flammable liquids heated to their flash point and above;

b) lines with flammable and combustible liquids, operating with an incomplete section or intermittently;

c) gas-air and steam-air lines, if mixtures of explosive concentrations can form in them;

d) lines with combustible gases (for example, acetylene) and liquids capable of explosive decomposition.

Flame arresters that do not correspond to design data or whose effectiveness has not been confirmed by experimental verification should not be used.

3.3.17. There should be free access to the installation sites of fire arresters and hydraulic locks for their inspection and repair. If there is a risk of icing or fouling of the flame arrester, appropriate protective measures must be taken.

3.3.18. Checking the condition of flame arresters and, if necessary, cleaning them must be carried out in accordance with the schedule approved by the chief engineer, but at least once every 3 months. This requirement does not apply to flame arresters protecting the breathing lines of external tanks (see 5.1.12).

3.3.19. Tanks, reservoirs and tanks with flammable liquids and liquefied gases it is forbidden to fill in excess of the established limit.

The limiting degree of filling of tanks and capacitive apparatus should be indicated in technological regulations. Compliance with the specified filling limit must be ensured by an automatic control system or visual observation during the filling period. Level meters for flammable liquids and liquefied gases must be fireproof.

3.3.20. To prevent the occurrence of harmful dynamic loads and temperature effects, it is not allowed:

a) sharply change the pressure when stopping, starting and operating the apparatus; the permissible intensity of the increase or decrease in pressure over time should be indicated in the instructions;

b) sharply change the temperature during the periods of stop, start-up and operation of the apparatus; the permissible intensity of temperature increase and decrease should be indicated in the instructions;

c) allow vibration of machines and pipelines;

d) operate devices and pipelines with faulty temperature compensators.

3.3.21. The materials used for thermal insulation and thermal insulation coatings must be non-combustible.

The surface of the thermal insulation must be clean. Sections of thermal insulation impregnated with a flammable liquid must be replaced immediately after repairing the damage that caused the liquid to leak.

3.3.22. Heating of a frozen product, ice and crystal hydrate plugs in pipelines should be carried out only hot water or ferry. The use of open fire for these purposes is not allowed. The use of other methods of heating may be allowed only with the permission of the chief engineer.

It is not allowed to warm up plugs in a damaged pipeline in the presence of a product under pressure in it without first turning it off.

3.3.23. Repair work on pressurized equipment, stuffing and tightening glands on operating pumps and compressors, as well as sealing flanges on apparatus and pipelines without reducing the pressure in them to atmospheric pressure is prohibited.

3.3.24. In the presence of substances and materials capable of spontaneous combustion in air, it is necessary to take the following measures to prevent or inhibit the oxidation process:

a) use various ways isolation of substances from exposure to air (storage of powdered products and liquid substances in hermetically sealed containers, protected by non-flammable gases, protected from air by a layer of liquid or a film of wax, grease, etc.);

b) reduce the surface of oxidation (limiting the size of stacks, compaction of the mass);

c) create conditions that ensure more intensive removal of reaction heat (ventilation of stagnant zones, arrangement of horizontal and vertical air gaps in stacks, forced cooling, etc.);

d) introduce small amounts of inhibitors that inhibit the oxidation process.

3.3.25. Cleaning the surface of apparatuses and pipelines from spontaneously igniting deposits should be carried out with the permission of the head of the workshop in strict accordance with the Rules and instructions for the repair and cleaning of apparatuses and equipment.

3.3.26. Substances and materials that, as a result of interaction with each other, cause ignition, explosion or form combustible and toxic gases, must not be allowed to come into contact.

3.3.27. In the explosion and fire shops, it is necessary to monitor the heating temperature and regular lubrication of the rubbing parts of the equipment, preventing their temperature from rising against the set value.

3.3.28. When processing explosive and flammable substances, foreign solid objects (metal particles, stones, etc.) should not be allowed to enter machines with moving mechanisms and apparatuses with mixers. It is impossible to allow the operation of machines and devices with disabled or faulty magnetic traps; strikes that cause sparks should not be allowed; when opening and closing manhole covers, when moving weights, etc.

3.3.29. Hot surfaces of apparatuses and pipelines, if they pose a risk of ignition of substances in contact with them or explosion of gases, vapors and dust, must be thermally insulated to reduce the surface temperature to a safe value (no more than 80% of the substance's autoignition temperature).

3.3.30. On the wheels of transport carts, ladders and other devices moving on wheels and located in explosive workshops of categories A, E and B, there must be soft metal rims or rubber tires.

3.3.31. Operation of heating devices, except for central and air heating systems, without the permission of the chief power engineer and coordination with fire department not allowed.

3.3.32. Do not allow damage to the protective thermal insulation of the metal supports of apparatuses with flammable and toxic liquids and gases.

3.3.33. In fire and explosion hazardous workshops and on equipment that poses a risk of explosion or ignition of substances, in accordance with the requirements of GOST, signs must be posted prohibiting the use of open fire, as well as signs warning about caution in the presence of flammable and explosive substances.

The administration of the enterprise (workshop) is obliged to familiarize all employees with such signs and explain what they mean.

Ads:

Order of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation of January 12, 2009 N 3

On the approval of the "Special Rules fire safety State and municipal archives of the Russian Federation"

In accordance with the Regulations on the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 29, 2008 N 406 (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 02.06.2008, N 22, Art. 2583) I order:

1. Approve the attached "Special rules for fire safety of state and municipal archives of the Russian Federation".

2. To impose control over the execution of this order on the Deputy Minister A.E. Busygin.

Minister A.A. Avdeev

Registration N 13882

Special fire safety rules for state and municipal archives of the Russian Federation

I. General provisions

1.1. These "Special Fire Safety Rules for State and Municipal Archives of the Russian Federation" (hereinafter referred to as the Special Rules) establish fire safety requirements that are mandatory for the application and execution by state and municipal archives of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as archives), their officials and employees, including those involved under a contract of employment (hereinafter referred to as employees), in order to protect the life and health of citizens, state or municipal property, documents of the Archival Fund of the Russian Federation and other archival documents, property of legal entities.

1.2. The following terms, definitions and abbreviations are used in these Special Rules:

archive- an institution or structural subdivision of an organization that stores, collects, records and uses archival documents;

archival fund- a set of archival documents, historically or logically related to each other;

state archive - a federal state institution created by the Government of the Russian Federation, or a state institution of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, created by a body state power the subject of the Russian Federation that store, complete, record and use the documents of the Archival Fund of the Russian Federation, as well as other archival documents;

document of the Archival Fund of the Russian Federation - an archival document that has passed an examination of the value of documents, put on state records and subject to permanent storage;

municipal archive - a structural subdivision of a local self-government body of a municipal district, city district or a municipal institution created by this body that stores, compiles, records and uses documents from the Archival Fund of the Russian Federation, as well as other archival documents;

fire safety measures - actions to ensure fire safety, including the implementation of fire safety requirements;

violation of fire safety requirements - non-fulfillment or improper fulfillment of fire safety requirements;

fire safety regulations - technical regulations and standards, as well as those in force before entry into force technical regulations and newly developed fire safety standards, fire safety rules, standards, instructions and other documents containing, respectively, mandatory and advisory fire safety requirements;

fire- uncontrolled burning, causing material damage, harm to the life and health of citizens, the interests of society and the state;

Fire safety - the state of protection of the individual, property, society and the state from fires;

fire department- a set of management bodies, divisions and organizations created in the prescribed manner, designed to organize the prevention of fires, extinguish them and carry out the rescue operations assigned to them;

fire mode - rules of conduct for people, the procedure for organizing production and (or) maintaining premises (territories), ensuring the prevention of violations of fire safety requirements and extinguishing fires;

fire prevention - a set of preventive measures aimed at eliminating the possibility of fires and limiting their consequences;

fire safety requirements - special conditions of a social and (or) technical nature, established in order to ensure fire safety by the legislation of the Russian Federation, normative documents or authorized government agency.

1.3. Along with real special rules in order to ensure the fire safety of archives (including the determination of fire distances, space-planning and design solutions, categorization by explosion and fire hazard, provision of fire safety systems for buildings and premises), one should also be guided by technical regulations, standards, norms and rules of fire safety , building codes and regulations and other documents containing fire safety requirements, as well as technical documentation of manufacturers (suppliers) of substances and materials, products and equipment containing indicators of their fire hazard and fire safety measures when handling them.

1.4. The fire safety of the archive should be ensured by fire prevention and fire protection systems, including organizational and technical measures.

1.5. Creation, organization of work and calculation of the number of fire departments are determined in accordance with federal law dated December 21, 1994 N 69-FZ "On fire safety" .

1.6. Upon detection of violations of fire safety rules, the archive employee is obliged to inform the management of the archive about this, as well as take possible measures to eliminate these violations.

1.7. Responsible for ensuring the fire safety of the archive and its divisions, organizing and providing training for archive employees in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation are their heads.

1.8. Archive employees, including managers, are allowed to work only after they have completed fire safety training.

Training in fire safety measures is carried out in accordance with the Fire Safety Standards "Training in Fire Safety Measures for Employees of Organizations", approved by order of the Russian Emergencies Ministry of December 12, 2007 N 645 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on January 21, 2008, registration N 10938).

1.9. Each archive issues an order to establish fire regime with instructions on fire safety measures.

Instructions for individual departments, premises and for the performance of certain types of work should supplement and specify the requirements, based on the specifics of the fire hazard of the premises and the types of work performed.

The order and instructions are subject to study by the employees of the archive in the fire safety training system and are placed in places accessible for viewing.

In the buildings of archives, with more than 10 people on the floor at a time, plans (schemes) for evacuating people in case of fire, as well as a system (installation) for warning people about a fire, are developed and placed in prominent places.

In archives with a mass stay of people (50 or more people), in addition to a schematic plan for evacuating people in case of fire, an instruction should be developed that determines the actions of personnel to ensure the safe and quick evacuation of people.

1.10. To involve employees in the work of preventing and fighting fires in the state archives, fire-technical commissions are being created.

1.11. Every day, at the end of the archive, the premises are inspected in the manner prescribed by the instruction on fire safety measures. If violations of fire safety requirements are identified during the inspection, measures must be taken to eliminate them. If it is impossible to independently eliminate the identified violations of fire safety requirements, report this to the head of the archive and make an appropriate entry in the log of the inspection of the premises.

1.12. In the archive, at least once every 6 months, training alarms (practical training) should be held to practice the actions of personnel in case of fire.

II. Fire safety requirements for the maintenance of the territory, buildings and premises

2.1. The buildings of the archives are provided with free access and access for fire trucks. Driveways and entrances should not be used for storage of materials, equipment and parking of vehicles.

Driveways, passages to the main and emergency exits and external fire escapes, approaches to fire warning and fire extinguishing equipment must always be free and illuminated at night. Entrances and driveways in winter should be regularly cleared of snow.

Light indicators water wells with fire hydrants must be kept in good condition.

Fire hydrants must be in good condition, and in winter they must be insulated and cleared of snow and ice.

2.2. On the territory of the archive, the use of open flames (bonfires, torches) is prohibited.

2.3. During operation, it is necessary to ensure the maintenance of buildings, equipment and the operability of systems fire protection in accordance with the requirements of the design and technical documentation. Changing the design, space-planning and engineering solutions, as well as the functional purpose of the premises should be carried out in accordance with the legislation on urban planning, taking into account the requirements of regulatory documents on fire safety.

Fire, welding, cutting, painting and other fire hazardous work should be carried out in accordance with the Fire Safety Rules in the Russian Federation (PPB 01-03), approved by order of the Russian Emergencies Ministry of 06/18/2003 N 313 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on 06/27/2003, registration N 4838 ). Control over compliance with fire safety rules during fire hazardous work should be carried out by a person appointed by the head of the archive.

The procedure for accepting work related to the repair of buildings, premises, engineering equipment and fire protection systems is determined by the head of the archive, unless otherwise provided by legislative, regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation and regulatory documents on fire safety.

2.4. For archives, laboratory production and storage facilities their categories for explosion and fire hazard should be determined according to the methodology established by the Norms fire safety "Definition of categories of premises, buildings and outdoor installations for explosion and fire hazard (NPB 105-03), approved by order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia dated 18.06.2003 N 314.

2.5. The use and storage of equipment, products, substances and materials that do not have certificates of compliance with fire safety requirements (in cases where such certificates are required) is not allowed.

2.6. The number of visitors in the reading and exhibition halls should not exceed their allowable capacity, established in the instructions on fire safety measures, based on the conditions for ensuring the safe evacuation of people in case of fire.

2.7. When arranging exhibition equipment in the halls, evacuation routes to stairwells and evacuation exits must be provided in accordance with fire safety regulations.

In the exhibition halls, the need for the duty of persons responsible for fire safety is determined by the head of the archive.

2.8. air ducts ventilation systems must be cleaned within the time limits specified in the instructions on fire safety measures.

2.9. Smoking is prohibited on the territory and in the premises of the archive, except for the places specified in the instructions on fire safety measures. Smoking areas must be equipped with non-combustible ashtrays or water urns and marked with appropriate fire safety signs.

2.10. It is not allowed to use the attic space of buildings for production purposes or for the storage of material assets. doors attic space must be kept locked at all times. On the doors specified premises there should be information about the location of the keys. Attic windows should be glazed and permanently closed.

2.11. fire retardant treatment wooden structures and wooden racks should be periodically repeated, taking into account the service life of fire-retardant coatings.

Flame retardant failures must be repaired immediately. The condition of fire retardant coatings should be checked at least twice a year.

2.12. It is prohibited to use and store explosives, flammable liquids (hereinafter referred to as flammable liquids) and flammable liquids (hereinafter referred to as FL), gas cylinders under pressure, goods in aerosol packaging and other explosive and flammable substances and materials in the basement and basement floors of buildings, except for cases specified in clause 4.4.2 of these Special Rules. Window basements must be glazed and permanently closed.

2.13. In archives, laboratory-production, warehouse and office premises it is prohibited:

apply when cleaning the premises of flammable and combustible liquids;

thaw frozen water, sewer and other pipes with open fire;

insulate attic floors, backfill partitions with combustible materials, and also install hollow partitions made of combustible materials;

arrange living quarters and allow temporary residence of citizens.

2.14. The doors of stairwells and elevator halls must be self-closing with a seal in the porches. Door locks must be in good working order.

2.15. At the intersection of walls, ceilings and enclosing structures with various engineering communications, the resulting holes and gaps must be sealed mortar or other non-combustible materials.

2.16. Signs with the inscriptions "Responsible for fire condition __________", "About a fire, call _________".

III. Fire safety requirements for the maintenance of evacuation routes and exits

3.1. Doors of emergency exits from floor corridors, halls, foyers, lobbies, stairwells and archive rooms should open freely and in the direction of exit from the building, with the exception of doors, the opening of which is not regulated by the requirements of fire safety regulations.

3.2. In the buildings of the archives it is prohibited:

install mirrors on escape routes, arrange fake doors resembling real doors;

fix self-closing doors in the open position;

install equipment and other items in the premises and on the evacuation routes that prevent the evacuation of people and the access to fire extinguishing and signaling equipment;

apply for finishing, including cladding, painting, pasting escape routes, materials, including decorative elements, with higher fire hazard rates than provided for by fire safety regulations.

3.3. Volumetric self-luminous fire safety signs with self-powered and from the mains, used on evacuation routes (including light indicators "Escape (emergency) exit", "Escape door"), must always be in good condition.

Emergency lighting should turn on automatically when the power supply to the working lighting is interrupted.

3.4. Carpets and rugs in rooms with mass stay people (50 or more people) must be firmly attached to the floor.

IV. Fire safety requirements for archives, laboratory production and storage facilities

4.1. In archives, laboratory-production and warehouse premises, it is not allowed to arrange household rooms for eating and other utility rooms.

4.2. Archives should be equipped with metal shelving.

It is allowed for the period until the reconstruction (repair) of the buildings (premises) of the archive storage, the operation of existing stationary wooden racks treated with flame retardants, subject to the requirements set forth in these Special Rules.

Metal cabinets, safes, shelving cabinets, as well as compartments with metal partitions and shelves can be used as auxiliary or special equipment.

4.3. Racks and cabinets should be installed in archives in compliance with the following standards:

distance between rows of racks and cabinets (main aisle) - at least 1.2 m;

distance (passage) between racks - not less than 0.75 m;

the distance between the outer wall of the building and racks (cabinets) installed parallel to the wall - at least 0.75 m;

the distance between the wall and the end of the rack or cabinet (bypass) is at least 0.45 cm.

4.4. It is not allowed to place racks, cabinets and other equipment for storing documents close to the outer walls of the building and ventilation ducts.

V. Requirements for archives of documents on film media

5.1. It is prohibited to store documents on paper in the archives of film and photo documents, microfilms and microfiche of the insurance fund of copies of unique and especially valuable documents.

5.2. Storage of insurance copies of film documents and microfilms of the insurance fund must be carried out in metal boxes or boxes made of non-combustible materials.

5.3. The storage of film and photo documents on a nitro basis should be carried out separately from documents on a triacetate basis only in special storage boxes that meet fire safety requirements for storing nitro film, with an additional air exhaust device from the lower zone of the room.

VI. Requirements for laboratory and production buildings and premises

6.1. It is forbidden to perform production operations on equipment and installations with malfunctions, as well as when the instrumentation is turned off, by which the specified modes of temperature, pressure and other technological parameters are determined.

6.2. Laboratory employees are required to know the fire hazard of the substances and materials used and to observe safety measures during storage and work with them.

6.3. Laboratory furniture and equipment should be installed so that they do not interfere with the evacuation of people. The width of the passages between the equipment must be at least 1 m.

6.4. The working surfaces of tables, racks, fume hoods designed to work with flammable and explosive liquids and substances must be coated with non-combustible materials. To work with acids, alkalis and other chemically active substances, tables and cabinets must be made of materials that are resistant to their effects, with non-combustible material sides (to prevent spillage of liquid outside the cabinet, table).

6.5. Work in laboratories associated with the possibility of toxic or flammable vapors and gases should be carried out only in fume hoods. Use fume hoods with broken glasses or faulty ventilation is prohibited.

6.6. Film scraps should be put away in special metal boxes and taken out of the room at the end of work. Do not put film cuts in common bins with trash, paper, and other materials.

6.7. In the premises of laboratories, no more than a daily norm of acetone, alcohol and other flammable and combustible liquids can be stored at the same time. Acetone or glue used during work for gluing the film should be in a container with a ground stopper with a capacity of not more than 50 ml and after work be cleaned in a closed metal cabinet.

6.8. For laboratory pantries, the maximum allowable quantities of one-time storage of flammable and combustible liquids should be established. At workplaces, it is possible to store only such an amount of flammable liquids and combustible liquids (in a form ready for use) that does not exceed the shift demand. In this case, the containers must be tightly closed.

6.9. Only one box with film can be placed on the film checking table during operation, and the remaining boxes can be placed in the filmostat, on a shelf, receiving table or trolley installed at each film checking table. Do not place film boxes near ventilation openings.

6.10. Grounding of processing machines and other equipment, the device of which is provided by the manufacturer, must be in good condition.

6.11. It is forbidden to accumulate film in film processors and other machines in excess of the norms established by the instruction on fire safety measures.

6.12. Filling machines with solutions, as well as checking technical condition film developing, cleaning and restoration machines must be carried out in accordance with their operating manual.

6.13. The hall of processing and restoration machines must be equipped with emergency lighting.

VII. Requirements for material warehouses. Storage of chemicals, flammable and combustible liquids

7.1. It is necessary to store substances and materials in warehouses (premises) taking into account their flammable physical and chemical properties (including the ability to oxidize, self-heat and ignite when exposed to moisture, contact with air), signs of compatibility and uniformity of fire extinguishing agents in accordance with the requirements of the Rules of the Fire security in the Russian Federation (PPB 01-03), approved by order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia dated June 18, 2003 N 313 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on June 27, 2003, registration N 4838).

Storage of materials and substances with unexplored indicators of their fire and explosion hazard, or without certificates, together with other materials and substances, is not allowed.

7.2. Storage of combustible materials or non-combustible materials in combustible containers is allowed in basement and basement floors that have windows with smoke exhaust pits and independent staircases with direct access to the outside.

7.3. Emergency lighting in warehouses, operation gas stoves and electric heaters, as well as the installation of socket outlets in warehouses is not allowed.

7.4. With rackless storage, materials must be stacked. Opposite the doorways of warehouses, passages with a width equal to the width of the doors, but not less than 1 m, should be left. Every 6 m in warehouses, longitudinal passages with a width of at least 0.8 m should be arranged.

7.5. The electrical equipment of warehouses at the end of the working day must be de-energized. Devices designed to disconnect the power supply of the warehouse must be located outside the warehouse on a wall made of non-combustible materials or on a free-standing support, placed in a cabinet or niche with a sealing device and locked with a lock.

7.6. In warehouses, one-time storage of combustible substances, flammable liquids and combustible liquids in an amount exceeding set by the instruction on fire safety regulations.

7.7. Release, receipt and transportation of flammable liquids and combustible liquids should be carried out only in serviceable, clean and unbreakable containers, with tightly closed plugs (lock type or threaded).

7.8. Joint storage of chemicals, flammable liquids and combustible liquids, as well as empty containers is not allowed. Empty containers and all packaging materials must be removed in a timely manner to specially designated places. Containers should be sorted by type (combustible, non-combustible) and stored separately.

7.9. Cylinders with combustible gases, containers (bottles, large bottles, other containers) with flammable liquids and combustible liquids, as well as aerosol packages must be protected from solar and other thermal effects.

7.10. Opening containers with flammable liquids and combustible liquids should be carried out using a special tool that excludes sparking. It is forbidden to use steel objects for rolling barrels with flammable and combustible liquids.

7.11. Storage of flammable liquids and combustible liquids is allowed only in serviceable containers. If malfunctions are detected or there are no plugs in containers with flammable liquids and combustible liquids, they should not be accepted for storage.

7.12. Spilling of flammable liquids and combustible liquids directly from containers is prohibited. Special devices (pumps, siphons) must be used for dispensing and bottling of flammable and combustible liquids.

7.13. Filling of flammable liquids and GZH should be carried out without splashing. When pouring flammable and combustible liquids, it is not allowed to overfill the container.

7.14. All chemicals must be stored in their original packaging. Opening containers, minor repairs, packaging of chemicals, preparation of working mixtures, bottling of flammable liquids and combustible liquids should be carried out in rooms isolated from storage areas. Each unit of packaging and containers must be labeled with the name of the contents. Storage of chemicals in the open state and in packaging or containers without inscriptions is prohibited.

7.15. When entering the warehouse, flammable and explosive substances must be immediately separated for specialized storage.

7.16. Spilled substances must be removed immediately. Spilled liquids should immediately be covered with sand, for which a box with sand and a shovel should be in the storage of flammable and combustible liquids.

VIII. electrical installations

8.1. Power and lighting electrical equipment, electrical wiring and electrical installations of archives must be in good condition.

8.2. Current-carrying parts, switchgears, devices and measuring instruments as well as safety devices various types, knife switches, starting devices and devices should be mounted only on bases made of non-combustible materials.

8.3. All electrical installations must be protected against short circuit currents and other deviations from normal operating modes.

8.4. Connections, terminations and branches of wires and cables in order to avoid high transient resistances should be made using crimping, welding or special clamps.

8.5. The lighting network must be installed so that the luminaires are at least 0.5 m away from combustible building structures, products (wooden cabinets) and materials (case boxes, bundles).

8.6. The device and operation in the buildings of the archives of electrical networks-temporary houses is not allowed, with the exception of electrical wiring that feeds the places of temporary production of construction and repair and installation works.

8.7. Portable lamps must be equipped with protective glass caps, nets and hooks for hanging them. For these lamps and other mobile (portable) receivers, flexible wires with copper conductors must be used.

8.8. Installation of switches or plug connectors in the network of evacuation and emergency lighting is not allowed.

8.9. Access to electrical panels, electric motors and apparatus must always be free. In case of overheating of the electric motors, they must be switched off immediately until the faults are rectified.

8.10. Electrical installations and electrical appliances in rooms in which there is no staff on duty at the end of working hours must be de-energized. Electrical installations and electrical products may remain energized if this is due to their functional purpose and (or) provided for by the requirements of the operating instructions.

8.11. For the prompt shutdown of electricity in the event of a fire (with the exception of fire protection systems), a procedure (priority) for de-energizing the power grids should be developed. The order (priority) of de-energization should be given in the instructions on fire safety measures.

8.12. The use of electric heaters is allowed in office premises. Electric heaters at the end of the working day must be disconnected from the mains. Operation of heating devices in the absence or malfunction of thermostats and thermal protection devices is not allowed.

8.13. Routine work on maintenance and scheduled preventive maintenance (hereinafter referred to as maintenance and preventive maintenance) of electrical equipment and electrical networks must be carried out in accordance with the annual schedule approved by the head of the archive by qualified archive maintenance personnel or a specialized organization licensed to carry out these works, under an agreement and, including, include:

scheduled preventive inspections of electrical equipment and power networks;

checking the availability and serviceability of protection devices;

checking the insulation resistance of cables and wires, the reliability of connections, protective grounding and the mode of operation of electric motors, both visually and using instruments;

periodic (at least twice a month) dust removal of switchboards, electric motors, ballasts, lamps and electrical wiring;

timely elimination of violations and malfunctions that can lead to fires.

The results of maintenance and preventive maintenance and Taken measures to eliminate violations and malfunctions should be recorded in the appropriate log.

8.14. Duty personnel should be provided with electric hand lamps in case of a power outage.

8.15. During the operation of electrical installations and the mains, it is prohibited:

use electrical wires and cables with damaged or lost insulation properties;

use damaged sockets, lighting and junction boxes, knife switches and other electrical installation products;

to wrap electric lamps with paper, cloth and other combustible materials;

use uncalibrated fuse links or other homemade devices overload and short circuit protection;

store various items, substances and materials near electrical panels, electric motors and starting equipment.

IX. Fire safety equipment

9.1 Automatic fire extinguishing and fire alarm systems, fire warning and evacuation management systems, internal fire water supply and smoke ventilation, as well as primary fire extinguishing equipment must be in good condition and always ready.

Installation, repair and maintenance, including maintenance and repair of the specified installations and systems, must be carried out in accordance with the annual schedule drawn up taking into account the technical documentation of manufacturers and the requirements of regulatory documents on fire safety, by a specialized organization licensed to carry out specified works, under the contract.

9.2. During maintenance and preventive maintenance, in case of complete or partial (separate lines, detectors) shutdown of fire protection installations and systems, persons responsible for ensuring fire safety are required to take measures to protect premises and equipment from fire.

9.3. Archives must be equipped with warning and evacuation control systems for people in case of fires in buildings and structures in accordance with the Fire Safety Standards "Design of fire warning systems for people in buildings and structures (NPB 104-03), approved by order of the EMERCOM of Russia dated 06.20.2003 N 323 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on June 27, 2003, registration N 4837) The procedure for using warning and evacuation systems should be defined in the instructions on fire safety measures and in evacuation plans, indicating the persons who have the right to put the systems into action.

In buildings where they are not required technical means notification of people about a fire, the instructions on fire safety measures should determine the procedure for notifying people about a fire and the persons responsible for notification.

9.4. Cabinets for fire hydrants of the internal fire water supply, equipped with hoses and barrels, must be numbered and sealed. Fire hoses must be connected to trunks and faucets. The need and frequency of rolling sleeves to a new fold are set by the manufacturer.

9.5. The premises of the archive must be provided with primary fire extinguishing equipment.

All archives, laboratory-production, warehouse and office premises, as well as technological installations, must be provided with fire extinguishers, which must be used to localize and eliminate small fires, as well as fires in their initial stage of development.

When determining the types and quantities primary funds fire extinguishing should take into account the physico-chemical and flammable properties combustible substances, their relation to fire extinguishing substances, as well as the area of ​​protected premises.

Completion of technological equipment with fire extinguishers is carried out in accordance with the requirements specifications(passports) for this equipment or the relevant fire safety regulations.

The acquisition of imported equipment with fire extinguishers is carried out in accordance with the terms of the contract for its supply.

The choice of the type and the required number of fire extinguishers in the protected room should be made depending on their fire extinguishing capacity, maximum area, as well as the fire class of combustible substances and materials:

class A - fires of solid substances, mainly of organic origin, the combustion of which is accompanied by smoldering (wood, textiles, paper);

class B - fires of flammable liquids or melting solids;

class (E) - fires associated with the burning of electrical installations.

The choice of the type of fire extinguisher (mobile or manual) is determined by the size of possible fires. With their significant size, it is necessary to use mobile fire extinguishers.

If combined fires are possible, then preference is given to a more versatile fire extinguisher in terms of application.

For the maximum area of ​​premises of different categories ( maximum area protected by one or a group of fire extinguishers), it is necessary to provide for the number of fire extinguishers of a certain type.

At least two hand-held fire extinguishers must be placed on each floor.

If there are several small rooms of the same fire hazard category, the number of necessary fire extinguishers is determined according to the table, taking into account the total area of ​​\u200b\u200bthese rooms.

Fire extinguishers sent for recharging must be replaced with an appropriate number of charged fire extinguishers.

When protecting the premises of archives, it is necessary to use predominantly halon and carbon dioxide fire extinguishers, taking into account the maximum allowable concentration extinguishing agent.

Premises equipped with automatic fixed fire extinguishing installations are provided with fire extinguishers by 50%, based on their estimated number.

The distance from a possible source of fire to the location of the fire extinguisher should not exceed 20 m.

Each fire extinguisher installed at the facility must have a serial number printed on the body with white paint, as well as a passport in the prescribed form.

Fire extinguishers must be kept in good condition, periodically (at least once a quarter) inspected, checked and cleaned of dust, and recharged in a timely manner according to the schedule.

Accounting for the availability and condition of primary fire extinguishing equipment should be kept in a special log.

The archive should identify the persons responsible for the acquisition, repair, preservation and good condition of primary fire extinguishing equipment.

9.6. Placement of primary fire extinguishing equipment in corridors and passages should not interfere with the safe evacuation of people. Fire extinguishers should be located in prominent places near the exits from the premises at a height of not more than 1.5 m.

9.7. The use of primary fire extinguishing equipment for household and other needs not related to fire extinguishing is prohibited.

X. General procedure in case of fire

10.1. Each employee of the archive upon detection of a fire or signs of burning (smell of burning, smoke, temperature rise) is obliged to:

immediately report this to the fire department, and you must indicate the place of the fire and give your last name;

take, if possible, measures to evacuate people and preserve material values;

take measures to extinguish the fire, if possible, using primary fire extinguishing equipment.

10.2. The official of the archive, who arrived at the place of fire, is obliged:

duplicate the message about the occurrence of a fire to the fire brigade and notify the higher management;

in the event of a threat to people's lives, immediately organize their rescue, using the available forces and means for this;

organize a meeting of fire departments and assist in choosing the shortest path to get to the fire;

check operation automatic systems fire protection (warning, fire extinguishing, smoke removal);

if necessary, organize a power outage (with the exception of fire protection systems), stop the operation of ventilation systems in the emergency and adjacent premises, take other measures that help prevent the development of fire and smoke in the building;

stop all work in the building, except for work related to fire extinguishing and liquidation measures;

remove all employees who are not involved in fire extinguishing and liquidation measures outside the danger zone;

to carry out general guidance on extinguishing a fire before the arrival of fire departments;

ensure compliance with safety requirements by employees participating in fire extinguishing;

simultaneously with fire extinguishing, organize the evacuation and protection of archival documents and material assets.

10.3. Upon the arrival of the fire department, the management of the archive is obliged to follow all the instructions of the head of the fire extinguishing, to provide the necessary assistance in the evacuation of people and valuables, as well as in extinguishing and eliminating the fire.

______________________________

* Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, 1994, N 35, art. 3649; 1995, N 35, Art. 3503; 1996, N 17, Art. 1911; 1998, N 4, art. 430; 2000, No. 46, art. 4537; 2001, N 33, Art. 3413; 2002, N 1, Art. 2; No. 30, Art. 3033; 2003, N 2, Art. 167; 2004, N 19, Art. 1839; No. 27, art. 2711; No. 35, art. 3607; 2005, N 14, art. 1212; No. 19, art. 1752; 2006, N 6, Art. 636; No. 44, Art. 4537; No. 45, art. 4640; No. 50, Art. 5279; No. 52, Art. 5498; 2007, N 43, Art. 5084; 2008, N 30 (part I), art. 3593.

** According to the conclusion of the Ministry of Justice of Russia, this normative legal act does not need state registration (letter of the Ministry of Justice of Russia dated June 26, 2003 N 07 / 6463-YUD).

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ORDER of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation of 12-01-2009 3 ON THE APPROVAL OF SPECIAL RULES FOR FIRE SAFETY IN STATE AND MUNICIPAL ... Relevant in 2017

II. Fire safety requirements for the maintenance of the territory, buildings and premises

2.1. The buildings of the archives are provided with free access and access for fire trucks. Driveways and entrances should not be used for storage of materials, equipment and parking of vehicles.

Driveways, passages to the main and emergency exits and external fire escapes, approaches to fire warning and fire extinguishing equipment must always be free and illuminated at night. Entrances and driveways in winter should be regularly cleared of snow.

Light indicators of water wells with fire hydrants must be kept in good condition.

Fire hydrants must be in good condition, and in winter they must be insulated and cleared of snow and ice.

2.2. On the territory of the archive, the use of open flames (bonfires, torches) is prohibited.

2.3. During operation, it is necessary to ensure the maintenance of buildings, equipment and the operability of fire protection systems in accordance with the requirements of design and technical documentation. Changing the design, space-planning and engineering solutions, as well as the functional purpose of the premises should be carried out in accordance with the legislation on urban planning, taking into account the requirements of regulatory documents on fire safety.

Fire, welding, cutting, painting and other fire hazardous work should be carried out in accordance with the Fire Safety Rules in the Russian Federation (PPB 01-03), approved by Order of the Russian Emergencies Ministry of 06/18/2003 N 313 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on 06/27/2003, registration N 4838 ). Control over compliance with fire safety rules during fire hazardous work should be carried out by a person appointed by the head of the archive.

The procedure for accepting work related to the repair of buildings, premises, engineering equipment and fire protection systems is determined by the head of the archive, unless otherwise provided by legislative, regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation and regulatory documents on fire safety.

2.4. For archives, laboratory, production and storage facilities, their categories for explosion and fire hazard must be determined according to the methodology established by the Fire Safety Standards "Determination of categories of premises, buildings and outdoor installations for explosion and fire hazard" (NPB 105-03), approved by the Order EMERCOM of Russia dated 18.06.2003 N 314<*>.

<*>According to the conclusion of the Ministry of Justice of Russia, this regulatory legal act does not need state registration (letter of the Ministry of Justice of Russia dated June 26, 2003 N 07 / 6463-YUD).

2.5. The use and storage of equipment, products, substances and materials that do not have certificates of compliance with fire safety requirements (in cases where such certificates are required) is not allowed.

2.6. The number of visitors in the reading and exhibition halls should not exceed their allowable capacity, established in the instructions on fire safety measures, based on the conditions for ensuring the safe evacuation of people in case of fire.

2.7. When arranging exhibition equipment in the halls, evacuation routes to stairwells and evacuation exits must be provided in accordance with fire safety regulations.

In the exhibition halls, the need for the duty of persons responsible for fire safety is determined by the head of the archive.

2.8. Air ducts of ventilation systems must be cleaned within the time limits specified in the instructions on fire safety measures.

2.9. Smoking is prohibited on the territory and in the premises of the archive, except for the places specified in the instructions on fire safety measures. Smoking areas must be equipped with non-combustible ashtrays or water urns and marked with appropriate fire safety signs.

2.10. It is not allowed to use the attic space of buildings for production purposes or for the storage of material assets. Attic doors must be kept locked at all times. On the doors of these rooms there should be information about the location of the keys. Attic windows should be glazed and permanently closed.

2.11. Fire-retardant treatment of wooden structures and wooden racks should be periodically repeated, taking into account the service life of fire-retardant coatings.

Flame retardant failures must be repaired immediately.

The condition of fire retardant coatings should be checked at least twice a year.

2.12. It is prohibited to use and store explosives, flammable liquids (hereinafter referred to as flammable liquids) and flammable liquids (hereinafter referred to as FL), gas cylinders under pressure, goods in aerosol packaging and other explosive and flammable substances and materials in the basement and basement floors of buildings, except for cases specified in clause 4.4.2 of these Special Rules. Basement windows should be glazed and permanently closed.

2.13. In archives, laboratory-production, warehouse and office premises it is prohibited:

apply when cleaning the premises of flammable and combustible liquids;

thaw frozen water, sewer and other pipes with open fire;

insulate attic floors, backfill partitions with combustible materials, as well as install hollow partitions made of combustible materials;

arrange living quarters and allow temporary residence of citizens.

2.14. The doors of stairwells and elevator halls must be self-closing with a seal in the porches. Door locks must be in good working order.

2.15. At the intersection of walls, ceilings and enclosing structures with various engineering communications the resulting holes and gaps must be sealed with mortar or other non-combustible materials.

2.16. Signs with the inscriptions: "Responsible for the fire condition __________", "About a fire, call _________" should be posted in archives, laboratory-production, warehouse and office premises.