Fire safety measures in the territory. Instructions on fire safety measures in office premises

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS.

1.1 Responsibility for the fire safety of construction sites, the timely implementation of fire prevention measures, the organization of fire protection, the provision of fire extinguishing equipment, the organization and work of the fire-technical commission and voluntary fire brigades is personally borne by the head construction organization(associations, trusts, managements), supervisor of works or a person replacing him.

1.2 Responsibility for the fire safety of individual construction sites, the timely implementation of fire prevention measures provided for by the project and these Rules, the availability and proper maintenance of fire extinguishing equipment shall be borne by line managers (foremen, foremen) of construction organizations.

1.3 Responsibility for compliance with fire safety in separate rooms, workplaces is borne by employees appointed by order of the foreman, foreman .

1.4 Heads of construction and installation organizations are obliged to:

a) organize the study and ensure control over the implementation of these Rules at subordinate facilities, as well as fire-fighting measures of projects for the organization of construction and production of works by engineering and technical workers, employees and workers, establish the procedure for fire-fighting training for workers at a construction site;

b) establish a smoking regime at construction sites, conduct hot and other fire-hazardous work, the procedure for cleaning, calling and recycling combustible construction waste;

c) familiarize the team at the construction site with the fire hazard of each type of construction and installation works, as well as the substances, materials, structures and equipment used in construction;

d) timely organize at the construction site in accordance with the existing procedure a fire, voluntary fire brigade and a fire and technical commission, take measures to ensure subordinate facilities fire fighting equipment and equipment, means of communication and fire automatics, fire-fighting water supply, visual agitation, fire safety signs, as well as primary means fire extinguishing in accordance with the requirements of the standards, establish control over the proper maintenance and constant readiness for the use of fire extinguishing, signaling and communication equipment;

e) not to allow construction and installation works in the absence of fire water supply, roads, entrances and communications. AT winter time ensure the insulation of fire reservoirs, the cleaning of roads from snow and the implementation of other additional measures to enhance the fire safety of construction sites; take immediate measures to eliminate identified violations of fire safety rules;

e) appoint by order the persons responsible for fire condition individual objects and construction sites, for the serviceability of engineering fire-fighting systems and installations;

g) in the event of a fire at subordinate facilities, establish the causes and conditions that contributed to its occurrence, develop preventive measures.

1.5 Line engineering and technical workers responsible for the fire safety of construction sites (sections) (foremen, foremen) are required to:

a) ensure that the assigned work areas comply with the established fire regime all workers, employees and persons involved in the construction;

b) know the fire hazard of the production site;

c) timely and efficiently fire fighting measures provided by the projects and these Rules;

d) ensure the fire-safe operation of heating devices, heat-producing installations, electrical networks, and take immediate measures to eliminate the identified malfunctions that could lead to a fire;

e) ensure the proper maintenance and constant readiness of fire extinguishing equipment, train workers and employees in the rules for the use of these funds. Do not allow the use of fire extinguishing equipment and fire fighting equipment for other purposes;

f) every day after work is completed, check the fire-fighting condition of the subordinate facility (section), turn off the power grids and equipment. Put the object under protection (if any), register the identified and eliminated shortcomings in a special journal. Do not allow the presence of workers, employees and other persons who have completed work in amenity and auxiliary premises in the evening and at night.

1.6 All employees are required to be instructed on fire safety measures at least once every 3 months, with a note in a special journal and comply with all the requirements of this instruction.

2. MAINTENANCE OF THE TERRITORY. FIRE REQUIREMENTS

SAFETY.

2.1. Prior to construction on the construction site, all buildings and structures located in fire breaks should be demolished. When preserving existing buildings, it is necessary to develop appropriate fire prevention measures.

2.2. The location of production, storage and auxiliary buildings and structures on the construction site must comply with the duly approved construction plan developed as part of the construction organization project, taking into account the requirements of these Rules and current design standards.

Fire breaks between open warehouses, buildings (structures) on the territory of the construction site must meet the requirements of the head of SNiP 11-89-80 " master plans industrial enterprises. Design standards”.

It is not allowed to place structures on the construction site with deviation from the current norms and rules and the approved master plan.

2.3 . Fire breaks from sheds and booths of lifts made of fireproof materials, mobile mortar mixers and others construction machines before the building under construction is not standardized and accepted according to the operating conditions.

2.4 At the entrance to the construction site, it is necessary to establish (hang out) plans in accordance with GOST 12.1.114-82 on the applied buildings and auxiliary buildings and structures under construction and auxiliary buildings, entrances, entrances, the location of water sources, fire extinguishing and communication equipment.

2.5. To buildings under construction and operated, including temporary, places open storage building materials, structures and equipment should be provided with free access. The arrangement of entrances and roads to the buildings under construction must be completed by the start of the main construction work. Along buildings with a width of more than 18 m, driveways should be on two longitudinal sides, and with a width of more than 100 m - on all sides of the building. The distance from the edge of the carriageway to the walls of buildings, structures and sites should not exceed 25 m.

Deviations from these requirements are allowed in agreement with the authorities of the State Fire Supervision for conditions of cramped development. It is forbidden to clutter up entrances, driveways, entrances and exits in buildings, as well as approaches to fire equipment, equipment, hydrants and

means of communication. Driveways and roads must be in good condition. When laying pipelines or cables across roads, it is necessary to arrange crossings, bridges or temporary detours. About production repair work or temporary closure for the passage of roads, passages, the general contractor must immediately inform the nearest fire department.

2.6. It is forbidden to store combustibles in fire breaks. Construction Materials and equipment in combustible packaging work time, as well as the volume of more than a daily requirement during working hours; non-combustible building materials are allowed to be stored within these gaps while providing free access to buildings in accordance with paragraphs. 2.4 and 2.6.

2.7. The area occupied by open warehouses combustible materials, as well as production, storage and auxiliary buildings made of combustible and slow-burning materials, must be cleared of dry grass, weeds, bark and wood chips.

Timber in consumable warehouses must be formed in piles, observing fire breaks. roundwood stacked in stacks with a height of not more than 1.5 m with a gasket between rows of stops to prevent rolling.

Sawn timber is stacked in stacks, the height of which, when stacked in rows, should be no more than half the width of the stack, and when stacked in cages, no more than the width of the stack.

Combustible building materials (timber, roofing felt, roofing material, etc.), products, structures made of combustible materials, as well as equipment and cargo in combustible packaging, when stored in open areas, should be placed in stacks or groups with an area of \u200b\u200bno more than 100 m3. Gaps between stacks (groups) and from them to buildings and auxiliary buildings under construction and structures should be taken at least 24 m.

2.8. Separate block containers can be placed in groups with no more than 10 in the group. The distance between the groups of these structures and from them to other buildings is taken at least 18 m.

Temporary structures are located from buildings under construction and other buildings at a distance of at least 18 m or at blank fire walls.

On each temporary, mobile building and structure, signs must be posted indicating its purpose, inventory number and the name of the person responsible for its operation, fire condition.

2. 9. Temporary workshops and warehouses are allowed to be located in buildings under construction, in agreement with the State Fire Supervision authorities (with the exception of warehouses of combustible substances and materials, warehouses of expensive and valuable equipment, as well as equipment in combustible packaging, production facilities or equipment related to the processing of combustible materials) subject to compliance requirements of the "Model Fire Safety Rules for Industrial Enterprises". It is allowed to place administrative and amenity premises in parts of buildings allocated with deaf fire partitions of type 1 and ceilings of type 3.

It is not allowed to place temporary warehouses (pantries), workshops and administrative and amenity premises in buildings under construction with unprotected load-bearing metal structures and panels with combustible polymer insulation.

2.10. Quicklime must be stored in closed, separate warehouses. The floor of these rooms should be raised above ground level by at least 0.2 m. When storing quicklime, measures should be taken to prevent moisture from entering it.

Lime slaking pits may be located at a distance of at least 5 m from the lime storage warehouse and at least 15 m from other buildings, structures and warehouses.

2.11. The construction site and buildings under construction must be kept clean at all times. Construction waste (timber cuttings, wood chips, bark, shavings, sawdust, etc.) must be removed daily from work sites and from the construction site to specially designated places.

Places for temporary storage of combustible waste (wood chips, shavings, cuttings, packaging, etc.) should be located at a distance of at least 50 m from the nearest buildings, structures and borders of the timber warehouse, as well as from areas of mass occurrence of peat, forest ( conifers) and grain arrays, peat warehouses, fibrous substances, feed warehouses, etc. Sawdust should be poured into specially designated places or boxes. Other waste (rags, metal shavings, etc.) must be stored separately from wood waste.

Furniture and equipment (with the exception of equipment to be installed ‘in accordance with the approved work schedule) is allowed to be brought into buildings under construction by the time of completion finishing works in their immediate installation in place.

2.12. It is prohibited to make fires on the construction site.

2.13. It is forbidden to smoke in places of storage and use of combustible substances and materials, as well as in temporary administrative buildings and structures.

Smoking on the construction site, including buildings and structures, is allowed only in specially designated areas that have the inscription “Smoking Area”, provided with fire extinguishing equipment, urns, boxes of sand and barrels of water.

2.14 . in prominent places construction sites and in areas where combustible substances and materials are stored and used, no-smoking warning signs, fire-fighting posters and fire safety instructions should be posted. At construction sites, at the “Fire” sound alarms, in control rooms, at the sites of work foreman, lists of combat crews of the voluntary fire brigade should be posted indicating the procedure for gathering its members, as well as actions in case of fire.

2.15. During reconstruction, expansion, technical re-equipment, overhaul and commissioning of objects, the part under construction is separated from the existing one by temporary fire partitions of type 1 and ceilings of type 3. At the same time, the conditions for the safe evacuation of people from parts of buildings and structures should not be violated.

If it is impossible to fulfill this event in the course of technical re-equipment, the administration of the facility, together with the construction and installation organization, must develop, in agreement with the bodies of the State Fire Supervision, measures to ensure fire safety.

FIRE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS WHEN IMPLEMENTED

CONSTRUCTION AND ASSEMBLY WORKS

3.1 External fire escapes and fences on the roofs of buildings under construction, provided for by the project, should be installed immediately after the installation of supporting structures.

Scaffolding and scaffolding during the construction of buildings are arranged in accordance with the requirements of the chapter SNiP 111-4-80 “Safety in construction” and the fire safety requirements for escape routes scaffolding and formwork made of wood must be impregnated with a flame retardant composition.

For scaffolding and formwork placed outside the building, impregnation of wood (surface) with a fire retardant is performed only in summer.

3.2. In the construction of buildings with a height of three floors or more, inventory metal scaffolding should be used, as a rule.

Scaffolding of buildings for every 40 m of their perimeter must be equipped with one ladder or ladder, but not less than two ladders (ladders) for the entire building. Scaffolding and scaffolding should be cleaned periodically and after completion of work. construction debris, snow, ice, and, if necessary, sprinkle with sand.

It is prohibited to close (insulate) scaffold structures with combustible materials (plywood, plastic, fiberboard, tarpaulin, etc.).

3.3. To evacuate people from high-rise structures (chimneys, tower cooling towers, dams, silos, etc.), it is necessary to arrange at least two stairs made of fireproof materials for the entire construction period.

3.4. Formwork made of combustible and slow-burning materials is allowed to be arranged simultaneously on no more than three floors. Once the required concrete strength has been achieved, the timber formwork and scaffolding must be removed from the building. If it is necessary to arrange wooden formwork and scaffolding for more than three floors, additional fire-fighting measures should be provided (laying temporary fire-fighting water pipes with the installation of fire hydrants on the floors, etc.).

3.5 . Work inside buildings and structures with the use of combustible substances and materials, simultaneously with other construction and installation work related to the use of open fire (welding, etc.), is not allowed.

3.6. Work on the fire protection of metal structures in order to increase their fire resistance limit is carried out simultaneously with the construction of the building.

3.7. In the presence of combustible materials in buildings, it is necessary to take measures to prevent the spread of fire through openings in walls and ceilings (sealing joints of internal, external walls and interfloor ceilings, sealing in places of passage engineering communications with the required fire resistance limits).

Openings in buildings and structures during their temporary insulation should be filled with non-combustible or slow-burning materials.

3.8. Temporary structures (warmhouses) for flooring and other works must be made of non-combustible and slow-burning materials.

3.9. In buildings under construction, the underground space in the ceiling up to the flooring should be cleaned of combustible debris (chips, wood chips, sawdust, etc.).

3.10. During the construction of buildings with unprotected load-bearing structures and enclosing structures made of metal or asbestos-cement sheets with combustible or slow-burning insulation, fire safety measures at all stages of construction must be provided for in the work design.

3.11 . Works related to the installation of structures, with combustible heaters or the use of combustible heaters, are carried out according to work permits issued by the performers of the work and signed by the person responsible for the fire-prevention condition of the construction.

The work permit must indicate the place, technological sequence, production methods, specific fire prevention measures, responsible persons and its validity period.

At the work sites, the inscriptions “Flammable - easily combustible insulation” are posted.

3.12. The laying of combustible insulation and the installation of a waterproofing carpet on the surface, the laying of a protective gravel layer, the installation of enclosing structures using combustible heaters should be carried out in areas of no more than 500 m2.

At the place of work, the amount of insulation and roofing roll materials should not exceed the replacement requirement.

Combustible insulation is stored outside the building under construction in a separate building or on a special site at a distance of at least 18 m from buildings under construction and temporary buildings, structures and warehouses.

At the end of the work shift, it is forbidden to leave unused combustible and slow-burning insulation, roofing roll materials, unmounted panels with such insulation inside or on the roofs of buildings, as well as in fire breaks.

3.13. In case of damage to the metal sheathing of panels with combustible or slow-burning insulation, immediate measures are taken to repair and restore them using mechanical joints (bolted, etc.).

3.14. Prior to the installation of panels with polymeric insulators, laying of polymeric insulators on the coating, and work on the installation of roofs, all exits provided for by the project to the coating of buildings (from stairwells, along external stairs), its fencing must be completed. To report a fire, a telephone or other means of communication should be installed at the exits to the coverage.

In production roofing works with a coverage area of 100 m2 or more with the use of combustible or slow-burning insulation on the roof for fire extinguishing purposes, a temporary fire-fighting water supply should be provided. The distance between fire hydrants is taken from the condition of supplying at least two jets to any point of the roof with a water flow rate of 5 l / s each.

before the use of combustible and slow-burning materials.

3.15. It is not allowed to fill the ribs of the profiled flooring with bituminous mastic when sticking the vapor barrier layer and the formation of a thickening of the mastic layers with a deviation from the project.

3.16. Units for fusing rolled materials with a thickened layer may be used for roofing only according to reinforced concrete slabs and coatings using non-combustible insulation.

Refueling units on the roof is carried out in a special place, provided with two fire extinguishers and a box of sand. It is not allowed to store fuel for refueling units and empty fuel containers on the roof.

3.17. For artificial heating of concrete, it is allowed to use steam, hot water, air and electricity. In this case, the following conditions must be observed:

for thermal protection of concrete, it is allowed to use slow-burning and non-combustible materials, as well as moistened or processed lime mortar sawdust;

for the installation of greenhouses, use fireproof or slow-burning heaters;

Areas heated by electric current must be under the constant supervision of qualified electricians.

For power supply in the electric heating zone, use KRPT cables or insulated wires PRG-500 (with additional protection rubber hose). It is forbidden to lay wires directly on the ground.

Within the heating zone, it is necessary to install signal lamps that light up when voltage is applied to the line. When they burn out, the voltage supply to the line should be automatically turned off.

Warning posters (“Danger. Under voltage”, etc.) must be hung out in areas where concrete is heated electrically.

3.18. It is forbidden to use combustible materials as protection for bare current-carrying parts, heating elements, spirals and other electric heating installations for electric heating of concrete. Bare live parts ( heating elements, spirals, electrodes, etc.) must be protected from ingress of foreign objects by metal casings or barriers made of non-combustible materials.

Electrical heating network disconnecting devices should be installed in accessible places.

4. FIRE SAFETY MEASURES DURING STORAGE AND WORKING WITH ADHESIVES, MASTICS, AND OTHER COMBUSTIBLE SUBSTANCES AND MATERIALS

4.1. Structures for the storage of flammable liquids at construction sites are placed in accordance with the requirements of the "Fire Safety Rules of the Republic of Belarus for storage, transportation and distribution of petroleum products" PPB RB 2.11-2001 and these Rules.

4.2. Flammable liquids should be stored and prepared in separate buildings made of non-combustible materials, equipped with ventilation, as well as in containers specially designed for this purpose. It is not allowed to store flammable liquids together with other substances and materials, as well as in basement and semi-basement structures (premises).

4.3. Do not store flammable liquids in open containers.

It is allowed to pour and dispense flammable liquids only into hermetically sealed metal containers using pumps through a copper mesh. It is forbidden to pour liquids in buckets, as well as using a siphon.

4.4 . Empty containers from flammable liquids should be stored in a specially designated area, at least 24 m away from the place of work, nearest buildings and structures.

4.5. It is forbidden to use flammable liquids for degreasing (impregnation) of building structures (except for the cases specified in clause 4.9), equipment, cleaning carpet floors, etc.

4.6. Structures, products and materials must be used in accordance with the requirements of the relevant regulatory documents.

It is not allowed to use substances, materials and products for which there are no characteristics of their fire hazard.

When using imported substances and materials, it is necessary to strictly follow the company's instructions and instructions for working with these materials.

It is forbidden to use imported substances and materials that do not have company guidelines and safety and fire safety instructions for the production of work with these materials.

4.7. Premises and working areas in which they work with combustible substances (preparation of the composition and applying it to products) that emit explosive and flammable vapors must be provided with natural or forced supply air. exhaust ventilation. The frequency of air exchange for safe work is determined by the project for the production of work according to the calculation. In these and adjacent premises it is not allowed to find persons who are not directly involved in the performance of work.

4.8. When using combustible substances, their quantity at the workplace should not exceed the shift requirement. Containers with combustible substances should only be opened before use. It is not allowed to keep them open. At the end of the work, the containers must be handed over to the warehouse.

Containers from combustible substances should be stored in a specially designated place, outside the premises of the new building.

4.9 . Combustible floor coatings should generally be applied when natural light in areas of no more than 100 m2 under the supervision of the person responsible for these works. Work must begin from places farthest from exits from the premises; in the corridors - after the completion of work in the premises.

4.10. Epoxy resins, adhesives, mastics, including paints and varnishes based on synthetic resins, are applied to tile and roll polymer materials after the completion of construction and installation and sanitary works before the final painting of the premises.

4.11 . To perform work using combustible substances, you should use a tool made of materials that do not give sparks (aluminum, copper, plastic, bronze). Tools and equipment used when working with combustible substances must be washed in an open area or in a room with ventilation.

4.12 . In rooms where materials based on polymers, organic substances that emit flammable and explosive vapors are stored, manufactured and used, it is prohibited to carry out work related to the use of fire or sparking.

Warning notices and instructions on fire safety measures should be posted before entering these rooms.

4.13. To work with combustible substances and materials (roll, tile, epoxy resins, mastics containing flammable substances, etc.), persons who have been trained in the fire-technical minimum program and instructed in fire safety measures before starting work.

Premises where they work with combustible substances and materials must be provided with primary fire extinguishing equipment at the rate of: two fire extinguishers and a felt mat per 100 m2 of the room.

Works with flammable substances and polymeric materials may be carried out only with the written permission of the persons responsible for the fire-prevention state of the building, and only after the implementation of measures to ensure fire safety.

4.14. Cooking and heating of insulating and bituminous mastics is carried out in special serviceable boilers with tight-fitting lids made of fireproof materials. It is allowed to fill the boilers no more than 3/4 of their capacity. The filler loaded into the boiler must be dry.

When installing a bitumen boiler on outdoors over it should arrange a canopy of fireproof materials. Near the digester there should be a set of fire fighting equipment (fire extinguishers, shovels and dry sand). The place for cooking and heating mastics and bitumen is surrounded by a shaft with a height of at least 0.3 m. The furnace opening of the boiler is equipped with a folding visor made of fireproof material. It is forbidden to leave unattended boilers in which bituminous compositions are heated.

Boilers may be installed in groups, the number of boilers in a group should not exceed three. The distance between groups of boilers must be at least 9 m. A place for cooking and heating mastics and bitumen is allocated on specially designated areas and located at a distance

from buildings and structures V, IV, 1Ua fire resistance - not less than 30 m;

from buildings and structures III, Sha, 1116 degree of fire resistance - not less than 20 m;

from buildings and structures of I and II degrees of fire resistance - at least 10 m.

4.15. In the event of a leak in the boiler, it is necessary to stop the furnace immediately, clean the boiler and repair or replace it.

4.16. Bituminous compositions should be heated indoors in electric tanks. It is forbidden to use open fire for heating.

4.17. When working with bituminous mastic, it is necessary:

a) hot delivery bituminous mastic on the working horizons (floors) to carry out mechanized in special metal tanks, having the shape of a truncated cone, facing the wide part down, with tight-fitting lids. Lids must have locking devices that prevent opening in case of accidental drop of the tank. Carrying mastics in open containers is prohibited;

b) in order to avoid splashing of the mastic, fill the tanks no more than ¾ of their volume and place them in places that exclude their tipping over;

c) supply the heated mastic to the roof with a pump through a steel mastic pipeline attached to vertical sections to building structures, grooves are not allowed. On horizontal sections of the roof, mastic can be supplied through a heat-resistant hose.

At the connection point of the hose steel pipe a protective case 40-50 cm long (made of tarpaulin and other materials) must be put on.

After filling the installation for applying mastic, it is necessary to pump out the mastic remaining in it from the pipeline.

4.18 . After completion of work, access of people to closed tanks and rooms in which priming or painting with flammable liquids was carried out is not allowed;

warning notices are posted about it. It is allowed to resume work in these devices and premises only with the permission of the work manager or foreman.

4.19. The preparation of bituminous mastic using flammable solvents should be carried out, as a rule, in a cold state.

It is forbidden to use open fire within a radius of less than 50 m from the place where bitumen is mixed with solvents (gasoline, turpentine, etc.).

When mixing, heated bitumen should be poured into gasoline (and not gasoline into bitumen), mixing it only with a wooden stirrer. The bitumen temperature at the time of preparation of the primer should not exceed 70 °C.

5. FIRE SAFETY MEASURES DURING WELDING AND OTHER FIRE WORKS

5.1. Welding and others hot work associated with the use open source fire, are carried out in accordance with the "Instruction on labor protection and fire safety during hot work", chapter SNiP 111-4-80 "Safety in construction", GOST 12.3.003-75

5.2 . During the overhaul and reconstruction of public and residential buildings electric and gas welding work should be carried out only after combustible materials and people in them have been removed from the premises.

5.3 It is not allowed to combine welding work with work related to the use of combustible and slow-burning substances and materials. Hot work should be completed before the installation of floors made of combustible materials, the laying of combustible thermal insulation, finishing and other work related to the use of combustible materials.

5.4. It is forbidden to fasten panels with polymer insulation, make holes in them or install embedded parts using electric gas welding and other types of hot work.

5.5. After the completion of welding and other hot work, the person responsible for carrying out these works is obliged to remove gas cylinders, acetylene units from the building under construction to specially designated places on the construction site, and turn off the electric and gas welding machines.

6. INSTALLATION AND OPERATION OF TEMPORARY POWER NETWORKS AND ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT

6.1. Temporary electrical networks and electrical equipment in buildings located on construction sites must comply with the "Rules for the Arrangement of Electrical Installations", SNiP 111-4-80 "Safety in Construction", "Instructions for the installation of electrical equipment for fire hazardous installations with voltage up to 1000 V", SNiP 3.05. 06-85 “Electrical devices. Rules for the organization and production of work. Acceptance for operation”, GOST 12.1.013-78 and these Rules.

6.2. When operating electrical installations, it is prohibited!

use cables and wires with damaged or lost insulation properties;

use non-standard (home-made) electrical heating appliances for heating and drying;

leave bare ends energized electrical wires and cables;

allow contact of electrical wires with metal structures;

leave unattended electrical appliances and electrical equipment under voltage;

use stationary lamps as hand-held portable lamps;

use faulty sockets, lighting boxes, knife switches and other electrical installation products;

tie and screw in electric wires, as well as pull wires and lamps, hang lamps on electric wires;

use rollers, switches, sockets for hanging clothes and other items;

wrap electric lamps with paper, cloth and other combustible materials;

install lamps at a distance of less than 0.5 m from combustible and slow-burning materials;

use radio and telephone wires for electrical networks;

use uncalibrated fuses, handicraft fuses as electrical protection; turn off electrical protection devices;

lay power lines and electrical wiring over roofs, sheds made of combustible materials, stored materials.

6.3. Lighting spotlights on the territory of the construction site should be installed, as a rule, on separate supports.

It is forbidden to install spotlights on roofs made of combustible materials and on buildings with polymer insulation in enclosing structures.

6.4. Upon completion of work, electrical networks, electrical equipment and other electrical consumers of construction sites, including amenity premises and mobile (inventory) buildings, must be de-energized; power outage should be centralized.

The power supply of floodlights used to illuminate the construction site during non-working hours must be carried out by an independent network.

6.5. It is not allowed to lay temporary electrical wires and cables (with the exception of those laid in steel pipes) directly on metal panels with polymer insulation, as well as install electrical devices, shields, etc. closer than 1 m from these structures. At the intersection of enclosing structures with temporary electrical communications, metal sleeves with sealing with non-combustible materials should be provided.

7. FIRE SAFETY MEASURES DURING THE DEVICE AND OPERATION OF INSTALLATIONS OF HEATING AND DRYING OF PREMISES

7.1. Heating of production, storage and auxiliary buildings, structures and premises should, as a rule, be central water.

When temporary heating devices and heat-producing installations are used for heating and drying rooms, fire safety measures must be set out in the work design.

7.2. For heating mobile (inventory) buildings, steam and water heaters, as well as factory-made heating elements, should be used.

7.3. Drying of clothes and shoes must be carried out in rooms, buildings or structures specially adapted for this purpose with central water heating or using water heaters.

It is not allowed to arrange dryers in vestibules and other premises located at the exits of buildings.

In buildings from metal structures with polymer insulation for the period of construction work, it is allowed to use only air or water heating systems with the placement of furnaces outside buildings at a distance of at least 18 m or behind a fire wall.

The distance from the pipelines with the coolant to the enclosing structures must be at least 100 mm.

7.4 . It is forbidden to use open fire in greenhouses, as well as fire, electric heaters and gas-burners infrared radiation.

7.5. Only factory-made heat-producing plants, made in accordance with the requirements of GOST (TU), in serviceable and connected control, automation and blocking systems that meet the requirements of these Rules and have instructions on the rules for their operation are allowed for operation. It is not allowed to use self-made heaters, braziers, barbecues, electrical appliances with open electric heating elements (electric stoves, electric reflectors, etc.) for drying and heating rooms.

It is not allowed to use gas-electric heaters and installations in buildings under construction, storage and industrial premises for cooking and drying clothes, as well as water heaters with faulty automatic shutdown of the fuel or electricity supply when the water level in the tank (boiler) drops below the permissible level.

7.6. Heating installations must be constantly monitored service personnel. It is not allowed to leave running installations unsupervised.

One worker is allowed to serve several units that automatically turn off when the detectors are triggered fire alarm with signal output to a bell, siren, etc.

7.7. Persons who have been trained in handling them, who have undergone fire-fighting training and who have a qualification certificate of an operator (fireman) for the right to work on this type of heat-producing installations, are allowed to service and operate heat-producing installations.

A. Fire safety measures during installation and operation of heat generators operating on liquid and gaseous fuels

7.8. Air heating installations are placed no closer than 5 m from the building under construction.

The fuel tank must have a volume of no more than 200 liters and be located at a distance of at least 10 m from the air heater and at least 15 m from the building under construction. Fuel is supplied to the air heater through a metal pipeline.

Fuel connections and fittings must be factory-made, hermetically mounted, excluding fuel leakage. A shut-off valve should be installed on the fuel line to the unit, near the supply tank, to shut off the fuel supply to the unit in case of fire or accident.

7.9. When installing and operating gas-fired units, the following rules must be observed:

a) in heat-producing installations, use standard burners with a factory passport;

b) the burners must operate stably without breaking off the flame and flashing it inside the burner within the necessary regulation of the heat load of the unit,

c) ventilation of rooms with heat-producing installations should provide three air exchanges in 1 hour.

7.10. During the operation of heat-conducting installations, it is prohibited:

a) work at the installation with broken fuel lines, loose connections between the nozzle body and the heat-producing installation, faulty chimneys that cause the penetration of combustion products into the room, faulty electric motors and starting equipment, as well as in the absence of thermal protection of the electric motor and other malfunctions;

b) work with an unadjusted nozzle (with abnormal fuel combustion);

c) use rubber or PVC hoses and couplings to connect fuel lines;

d) arrange combustible fences near the installation and service tanks;

e) warm the fuel lines with an open flame.

f) to start the heat-producing installation without air purge during a short stop;

g) ignite the working mixture through the viewing eye;

h) to regulate the gap between the electrodes of the cells during the operation of the heat-producing installation;

i) allow the operation of the heat-producing installation without protective grid on the intake manifolds.

7.11 Heated air should be supplied to the building through a metal duct through door or window openings. When passing the air duct near combustible structures of door and window openings, fire-prevention cutting should be arranged in accordance with clause 7.20 of these Rules.

B. Fire safety measures during installation and operation of electric heaters

7.12 . Electric heaters are allowed for installation and operation only if they are factory-made, with a working alarm and blocking, which excludes the supply of electricity to the heating elements when the fan is not working, and automatic control over the temperature of the outgoing air and its regulation, provided for by electrical and thermal protection.

7.13. Installation of the electric heater, preparation for operation, start-up are carried out in the manner specified in the manufacturer's passport.

7.14. It is not allowed to use combustible materials for a soft insert between the electric heater housing and the fan.

7.15. During the operation of heaters it is prohibited:

a) turn off the alarm or blocking;

b) allow the air temperature at the outlet of the electric heater to exceed the value set by the manufacturer;

c) turn on the electric heater when the fan is not working (blocking is checked before each start-up of the unit);

d) dry clothes or other combustible materials on or near an electric heater;

e) store in the room where the operating heater is installed, combustible substances and materials.

D. Furnace heating

7.16. In temporary household and administrative buildings where it is impossible to install central heating, furnace heating is allowed, which meets the requirements of the chapter SNiP “Stone structures Rules for the production and acceptance of work” and SNiP “Heating, ventilation and air conditioning”

7.17 . The laying of stoves must be carried out by stove workers who have a certificate issued by the departmental qualification commission for the right to carry out stove work.

7.18. When arranging and installing temporary metal furnaces the following fire safety requirements must be observed:

a) the height of the legs of metal furnaces without lining should be at least 0.2 m. The floors of combustible materials under the furnaces must be insulated with one row of bricks laid flat on clay mortar, or with asbestos cardboard 12 mm thick with roofing steel sheathing on top.

Metal furnaces are installed at a distance of at least 1 m from structures made of combustible materials that are not protected from fire, and at least 0.7 m from structures protected from fire;

b) when installing metal stoves without legs, as well as temporary brick ovens on the wooden floor the base under the stove should be made of four rows of bricks laid flat on clay mortar, and the two lower rows of masonry can be made with trenches (voids).

In front of the furnace opening, a pre-furnace sheet of roofing steel measuring 0.7 X 0.5 m should be nailed or brick flooring of the same size should be made in one row on clay mortar.

7.19. metal pipes, laid under the ceiling or parallel to walls and partitions made of combustible materials, must be separated from them by at least 0.7 m (without insulation on the pipe), and 0.25 m (with insulation that ensures the temperature rise on its outer surface is not above 90 °C).

It is not allowed to lay metal chimneys through ceilings made of combustible or slow-burning materials.

7.20 .Chimneys of buildings with roofs made of combustible materials must be equipped with spark arresters (metal meshes with an opening of no more than 5 × 5 mm). When removing a metal chimney through a window (in the absence of scaffolding), a sheet of roofing iron replacing the cutting should be inserted into it with a size of at least three chimney diameters. The end of the pipe must be led out of the wall of the building by at least 0.7 m and ended with a branch pipe directed upwards with a height of at least 0.5 m. protection against scattering of sparks and ingress of precipitation.

7.21 . It is forbidden to store fuel near the furnace openings of furnaces.

7.22. Stoves should be fired under the constant supervision of stokers. For drying premises under construction, there should be one stoker for every four ovens or drying units. Stokers must be instructed in fire safety rules.

7.23 . It is forbidden to kindle stoves with kerosene, gasoline or other flammable liquids; use firewood for furnaces, the length of which exceeds the size of the firebox; to heat stoves with open doors; fire with coal, coke or gas furnaces not adapted for this purpose.

7.24. It is necessary to clean chimneys and stoves from soot before and during heating season at least once every two months for heating stoves, once a month for cookers and boilers (regardless of the heating season) and twice a month for special long-term furnaces (in canteens, etc.).

The serviceability of stoves and chimneys is checked before the start of the heating season and at least once in the middle of the season.

8. FIRE-FIGHTING WATER SUPPLY,

FIRE EXTINGUISHING AND COMMUNICATIONS

8.1. By the beginning of the main construction work at the construction site, fire water supply from fire hydrants on the water supply network or from reservoirs (reservoirs) must be provided.

8.2. The capacity of temporary fire tanks (reservoirs), their number, as well as their location at the construction site is determined by the design organization in accordance with eo SNiP 2.04.02-84 “Water supply. External networks and structures”.

8.3. Tanks must be insulated. .The level of water in reservoirs must ensure the possibility of its intake by fire pumps.

If there are natural water sources (rivers, ponds, lakes) near the construction site, entrances and piers for fire trucks should be arranged to them. In winter, it is necessary to arrange ice-holes at water sources.

8.4. Sources of external "fire-fighting water supply (fire hydrants, reservoirs and reservoirs) must be provided with light or fluorescent indicators.

8.5. The internal fire water supply and automatic fire extinguishing systems provided for by the project must be installed simultaneously with the construction of the facility. Fire-fighting water supply must be put into operation by the beginning of finishing work, and automatic fire extinguishing and alarm systems - by the time of commissioning (in cable structures - before laying cables).

8.7 . Each construction site must have means of communication to call the fire brigade. Access to communication facilities on the construction site must be provided at any time of the day. Near each telephone (radio station) it is necessary to post a sign on the procedure for calling the fire brigade, a memo on the actions of workers in case of fire, a list of combat crews of the DPD, the procedure for attracting forces and means to extinguish a fire. In prominent places on the construction site and in the premises, signs indicating the location of the nearest means of communication should be posted.

8.8 . On the construction site, you must have sound signals(bell, siren, etc.) to give an alarm, near which the inscriptions “Fire signal”, lists of combat crews of the DPD should be posted.

8.6. Buildings under construction, temporary structures, as well as utility rooms are provided with primary fire extinguishing equipment in accordance with the requirements of the standards: fire extinguishers, internal fire hydrants, sandboxes, fire-fighting cloth.

It is prohibited to use fire extinguishing agents for purposes other than those intended.

To extinguish a fire in electrical installations, fire extinguishers of the OU-2, OU-5, OU-8 types charged with carbon dioxide and OP-5.10 charged with fire extinguishing powder are used.

5.3. To actuate a fire extinguisher of the OU-2, OU-5, OU-8 types, it is necessary to remove the fire extinguisher from the bracket, take the handle with your left hand, direct the bell to the fire, open the valve. It is forbidden to hold on to the bell, because. when carbon dioxide leaves the cylinder, a low temperature is formed.

5.4. For a cast powder fire extinguisher It is necessary to put the fire extinguisher to the place of fire, pull out the pin and pull the start handle away from the fire extinguisher body, remove the spray gun and point the nozzle at the fire, press the gun handle. Extinguishing must be carried out from the windward side from a distance of at least 3-4 meters.

5.5. To put the internal fire hydrant into action to eliminate the fire that has arisen, it is necessary to put the hose with the fire nozzle to the place of ignition and open the valve of the internal fire hydrant to start the water. Then direct the jet of water coming out of the barrel to the source of the fire. It is not allowed to direct a jet of water at electrical installations that are energized.

5.6. Fuels and lubricants must be extinguished with sand, asbestos blanket (fire blanket) or foam.

9. ACTIONS IN THE EVENT OF FIRE.

7.1. In the event of a fire, the actions of the administration of administrative

institutions, in the first place should be aimed at ensuring the safety and evacuation of people.

7.2. When a fire is discovered, you must:

7.2.1. Immediately report this to the fire department indicating the exact location of the fire by tel. 33-22 and the presence of people in the building.

7.2.2. Before arrival fire brigade take measures to evacuate people and start extinguishing the fire with the available fire extinguishing equipment (fire extinguishers, fire hydrants).

7.2.3. In the event of a fire in an administrative building, managers are required to:

Check if the fire brigade has been called.
According to the existing evacuation plan, organize the evacuation of people.
Take charge of firefighting until the fire brigade arrives.
During a fire, it is necessary to refrain from opening doors and windows, and also not to break glass. When leaving the premises, it is necessary to close all windows and doors behind you, because. inflow fresh air contributes to the rapid spread of fire.
For each fire that occurred at the facility, the administration is obliged to find out all the circumstances that contribute to the emergence and development of a fire and take the necessary measures to prevent the recurrence of such cases.

| ; | ; | ; | ; ; | ; ; | ; ; | ; | ; | ;

INSTRUCTIONS

about fire safety measures

in ____________________________

1. General Provisions

1.1. This Instruction was developed on the basis of the Fire Safety Rules in Russian Federation(PPB-01-03) and installs General requirements fire safety in the territory,

in buildings and structures belonging to _________________________,

(name of company)

and is binding on all employees and citizens.

Persons guilty of violating the Instructions on fire safety measures are liable in accordance with applicable law.

1.2. When ensuring fire safety, along with this Instruction, one should also be guided by standards, building codes and rules, norms process design, industry and regional fire safety rules governing the requirements of fire safety.

1.3. At each facility, the safety of people in case of fire must be ensured, instructions on fire safety measures have been developed both for departments and for certain types works.

1.4. All employees _______________________ must be allowed

(name of company)

to work only after passing the fire-fighting briefing, and if the specifics of the work change, undergo additional training on the prevention and extinguishing of possible fires in the manner established by the administration.

1.5. Responsible for fire safety of individual territories, buildings, structures, premises, workshops, sections, technological equipment and processes, engineering equipment, electrical networks are determined by the General Director ____________________________.

(name of company)

1.6. To involve the employees of the enterprise in the work of preventing and fighting fires, fire-technical commissions and voluntary fire brigades can be created.

1.7. Personal responsibility for ensuring fire safety _________________________ and its structural divisions

(name of company)

in accordance with applicable law is assigned to CEO and department heads.

1.8. Officials, within their competence, are responsible for fulfilling the requirements of this Instruction.

2. Organizational events for fire safety

2.1. In all production, administrative, warehouse and auxiliary premises, signs are posted in prominent places indicating the telephone number for calling the fire brigade and instructions on fire safety measures for a particular production site.

2.2. At each facility, the instructions must establish a fire regime corresponding to their fire hazard, including:

Designated and equipped smoking areas;

The places and the allowable amount of raw materials, semi-finished products and finished products located in the premises at a time are determined;

The procedure for cleaning combustible waste and dust, storing oiled overalls has been established;

The procedure for de-energizing electrical equipment in the event of a fire and at the end of the working day is determined;

regulated:

The procedure for conducting temporary fire and other fire-hazardous works;

The order of inspection and closing of premises after the end of work; actions of employees upon detection of a fire;

The procedure and terms for passing fire-fighting briefings and classes on the fire-technical minimum were determined, and those responsible for their conduct were also appointed.

2.3. In industrial buildings and structures, plans (schemes) for evacuating people in case of fire are posted in prominent places.

In addition to the schematic plan for the evacuation of people in case of fire, an instruction is developed that determines the actions of the personnel to ensure the safe and rapid evacuation of people, according to which, at least once every six months, practical training is carried out for all workers involved in the evacuation.

2.4. Employees, as well as citizens located on the territory, in administrative and work buildings, are obliged to:

Comply with the requirements of fire safety standards, norms and rules approved in the prescribed manner, as well as observe and maintain the fire regime;

Take precautions when using electrical appliances (computers, air conditioners, electric stoves, electric kettles, refrigerators), gas appliances, objects household chemicals, carrying out work with flammable (FL) and combustible (FL) liquids, other fire-hazardous substances, materials and equipment.

3. Fire safety requirements for the territory, buildings and premises

3.1. Territory maintenance

3.1.1. The territory of objects __________________ should in due time

(name of company)

be cleaned of combustible waste, garbage, containers, fallen leaves, dry grass, etc.

3.1.2. Fire breaks between buildings and structures are not allowed to be used for storing materials, equipment and containers, for parking vehicles.

3.1.3. Roads, driveways and entrances to buildings, structures, open warehouses, outdoor fire escapes and water sources used for fire extinguishing purposes must always be free for passage fire fighting equipment and in winter be cleared of snow and ice.

3.1.4. Incineration of waste and containers should be carried out in places specially designated for these purposes under the supervision of service personnel.

3.1.5. The area around the administrative and industrial buildings must have outdoor lighting at night. Locations (locations) of fire safety equipment and specially equipped smoking areas should be marked with fire safety signs, including the “Do not clutter” fire safety sign.

3.2. Content administrative buildings and premises

3.2.1. For all production and storage premises, the category of explosion and fire hazard must be determined, as well as the class of the zone according to the rules for the installation of electrical installations (PUE), which should be indicated on the doors of the premises.

Near equipment with an increased fire hazard, standard safety signs (full houses, signs) should be hung out.

3.2.2. Fire protection systems and installations must be kept in good working order at all times.

Door locks must be in good working order. It is not allowed to install any devices that prevent the normal closing of fire or smoke doors (devices).

3.2.3. It is not allowed to carry out work on equipment, installations and machines with malfunctions that could lead to a fire, as well as with disconnected instrumentation and process automation.

3.2.4. Violations of fire-retardant coatings of building structures, combustible finishing and thermal insulation materials, metal supports of the equipment must be removed immediately.

The state of fire-retardant treatment (impregnation) should be checked at least twice a year.

3.2.5. When redevelopment of premises, changing their functional purpose or installing new technological equipment, the fire safety requirements current norms of construction and technological design.

3.2.6. In the premises of buildings and structures it is prohibited:

Storage and use in basements and basement floors of flammable liquids and combustible liquids, explosives, gas cylinders, goods in aerosol packaging and other explosive and flammable substances and materials;

Use technical floors, ventilation chambers for organizing production sites, workshops, as well as storing products, equipment, furniture and other items;

Place pantries, kiosks, stalls, etc. in elevator lobbies;

Make changes in the space-planning decisions of evacuation routes and exits, as a result of which access to fire extinguishers, fire hydrants and other fire safety equipment is limited or the coverage area of automatic systems is reduced fire protection;

clutter doors, hatches on balconies and loggias, transitions to adjacent sections and exits to external evacuation stairs with furniture, equipment and other items;

Clean the premises and wash clothes using gasoline, kerosene and other flammable liquids and combustible liquids, as well as warm up frozen pipes with blowtorches and other methods using open fire;

Leave uncleaned oiled cleaning material;

Install blind bars on windows and pits near basement windows, except for cases specifically stipulated in the norms and rules approved in the prescribed manner;

Glazing balconies, loggias and galleries leading to smoke-free stairwells;

Arrange pantries (closets) in stairwells and floor corridors, as well as store under flights of stairs and on landings things, furniture and other combustible materials.

3.2.7. External fire escapes and railings on the roofs (coverings) of buildings and structures must be kept in good condition and periodically checked for compliance with the requirements of fire safety regulations.

3.2.8. The number of people simultaneously in the halls (rooms) of buildings and structures with mass stay people, should not exceed the number established by the design standards or determined by calculation (in the absence of design standards), based on the condition for ensuring the safe evacuation of people in case of fire.

3.2.9. The doors of attic rooms, as well as technical floors and basements, in which, according to the conditions of technology, a permanent stay of people is not required, must be locked. On the doors specified premises there should be information about the location of the keys. The windows of attics, technical floors and basements must be glazed and permanently closed.

3.2.10. Used cleaning materials should be collected in non-combustible containers with a sealable lid. At the end of the work shift, the contents of these containers must be removed outside the buildings.

3.2.11. Overalls of persons working with oils, varnishes, paints and other flammable and combustible liquids should be stored suspended in metal cabinets installed in places specially designated for this purpose.

3.2.12. In buildings with stained-glass windows with a height of more than one floor, it is not allowed to violate the structures of smoke-tight non-combustible diaphragms installed in stained-glass windows at the level of each floor.

3.3. Escape routes

3.3.1. Doors on escape routes should open freely and in the direction of exit from the building.

Locks on the doors of emergency exits should provide people inside the building (structure) with the ability to freely open them from the inside without a key.

Block escape routes and exits various materials, products, equipment, industrial waste, garbage and other items, as well as blocking the doors of emergency exits;

To arrange dryers and hangers for clothes, wardrobes in the vestibules of exits, as well as to store (including temporarily) inventory and materials;

Arrange thresholds, sliding and lifting doors and gates, revolving doors and turnstiles, as well as other devices preventing the free evacuation of people on evacuation routes;

Use combustible materials for finishing, cladding and painting walls and ceilings, as well as steps and landings on evacuation routes;

Fix self-closing doors of stairwells, corridors, halls and vestibules in the open position (if automatic devices that are triggered in case of fire are not used for these purposes), and also remove them;

Glazing or closing blinds of air zones in smoke-free stairwells;

Replace reinforced glass with conventional glass in the glazing of doors and transoms.

3.3.4. In buildings with a mass stay of people, in case of a power outage, the maintenance personnel must have electric lights. The number of lanterns is determined by the manager based on the characteristics of the facility, the availability of duty personnel, the number of people in the building, but not less than one for each worker on duty personnel.

3.3.5. Carpets, rugs and other floor coverings in rooms with mass stay of people must be securely fastened to the floor.

4. Fire safety requirements for electrical installations

4.1. Electrical installations must be installed and operated in accordance with the Rules for the Installation of Electrical Installations (PUE), the Rules for the Operation of Electrical Installations of Consumers (PEEP), the Safety Rules for the Operation of Electrical Installations of Consumers (PTB) and others normative documents.

4.2. Electrical installations and household electrical appliances in rooms where there are no on-duty personnel at the end of working hours must be de-energized. Emergency lighting, fire extinguishing and fire water supply installations, fire and security fire alarms should remain energized. Other electrical installations and electrical products may remain energized if this is due to their functional purpose and (or) provided for by the requirements of the operating instructions.

During the operation of electrical installations it is prohibited:

Use electrical receivers in conditions that do not meet the requirements of the manufacturer's instructions or have malfunctions, as well as operate electrical wires and cables with damaged or lost insulation properties;

Use damaged sockets, knife switches, other electrical installation products;

Wrap electric lamps and lamps with paper, cloth and other combustible materials, as well as operate lamps with caps (diffusers) removed;

Use electric irons, electric stoves, electric kettles and other electric heaters that do not have thermal protection devices, without stands made of non-combustible heat-insulating materials;

Use non-standard (self-made) electric heaters, use non-calibrated fuse-links or other homemade devices protection against overload and short circuit;

Place (storage) combustible (including flammable) substances and materials near electrical panels, electric motors and starting equipment.

4.4. Volumetric self-luminous fire safety signs with self-powered and from the mains, used on the evacuation routes, must always be in good condition and be constantly on.

4.5. During the operation of electrical networks of buildings and structures, at least once every three years, the insulation resistance of the current-carrying parts of power and lighting equipment must be measured.

5. Fire safety requirements for heating and ventilation systems

5.1. Before the start of the heating season, boilers and other heating devices and systems must be checked and repaired; faulty heating devices are not allowed to operate.

Heating appliances must have fire-prevention cuttings (retreats) from combustible structures established by the norms.

Furnace chimneys and chimneys must be cleaned before the start of the heating season and at least once every two months during the heating season.

During the operation of boiler houses and other heat-producing installations, it is not allowed:

Allow to work persons who have not undergone special training and have not received appropriate qualification certificates;

Store liquid fuel in boiler rooms and heat generating rooms;

Use as fuel waste oil products and other flammable liquids and combustible liquids that are not provided for by the technical conditions for the operation of the equipment.

It is forbidden:

Operate heat-producing installations in case of liquid fuel leakage (gas leakage) from fuel supply systems;

Supply fuel with extinguished nozzles or gas burners;

Kindle installations without first purging them;

Work with faulty or disconnected control and regulation devices, as well as in their absence;

Dry any combustible materials on boilers and steam lines.

5.5. Installation of metal furnaces that do not meet the requirements of fire safety standards and specifications is not allowed.

5.6. Fire-retarding devices (flaps, gates, valves, etc.) in air ducts, blocking devices for ventilation systems with automatic fire alarm or fire extinguishing installations. Automatic devices for shutting off ventilation in case of fire should be checked in deadlines and kept in good condition.

5.7. When operating ventilation and air conditioning systems, it is prohibited:

Leave ventilation chamber doors open;

Close exhaust ducts, openings and grilles;

Connect gas heaters to air ducts;

Burn out accumulated fat deposits, dust and other combustible substances in the air ducts.

5.8. Ventilation chambers, cyclones, filters, air ducts must be cleaned of combustible dust and production waste within the established time limits.

6. Fire safety requirements for other types of engineering equipment

6.1. It is forbidden to use faulty gas appliances, as well as to install (place) furniture and other combustible objects and materials at a distance from household gas appliances of less than 0.2 m horizontally and less than 0.7 m vertically (when these objects overhang and materials over household gas appliances).

6.2. Pipelines supplying gas to household and industrial appliances for its combustion, at those put into operation after completion of construction, overhaul, reconstruction and (or) technical re-equipment of objects, must be equipped with temperature-sensitive shut-off devices (valves) that automatically shut off the gas line when the ambient temperature in the room reaches 100 ° C in case of fire. These devices (valves) must be installed in the room directly in front of the tap on the gas main.

6.3. Hydraulic seals (siphons), excluding the spread of flame through the pipelines of storm or industrial sewerage of buildings and structures in which flammable and combustible liquids (hereinafter referred to as flammable and combustible liquids) are used, must be constantly in good condition. Draining flammable liquids and combustible liquids into sewer networks (including in case of accidents) is prohibited.

7.1. Fire water supply networks must be in good condition and provide the required water consumption for fire fighting needs according to the norms. Checking their performance should be carried out at least twice a year (in spring and autumn).

Fire hydrants must be in good condition, and in winter they must be insulated and cleared of snow and ice.

The power supply of the enterprise must provide uninterrupted power to the electric motors of fire pumps.

7.2. At hydrants and reservoirs (water sources), as well as in the direction of movement to them, appropriate signs should be installed (volumetric with a lamp or flat, made using reflective coatings). They must be clearly marked with numbers indicating the distance to the water source.

7.3. Fire hydrants of the internal fire water pipeline must be equipped with sleeves and trunks. The fire hose must be attached to the faucet and barrel. It is necessary to rewind linen sleeves to a new fold at least once every 6 months.

7.4. Water towers must be adapted for water extraction by fire equipment at any time of the year. The use of a supply of water intended for fire extinguishing needs for economic and industrial purposes is not allowed.

8.1. Routine maintenance and scheduled preventive maintenance (TO and PPR) of automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations, smoke protection systems, warning people about a fire and evacuation management should be carried out in accordance with an annual schedule drawn up taking into account Technical documentation of manufacturers and the timing of the repair work.

During the period of performance of the specified works related to the shutdown of the installation, the administration is obliged to take the necessary measures to protect buildings, structures, premises, technological equipment from fires.

8.2. Fire automatics installations must be in good condition and constant readiness, comply with project documentation.

8.3. Cylinders and containers of fire extinguishing installations, the mass of the fire extinguishing agent and the pressure in which are 10% or more lower than the calculated values, are subject to recharging or recharging.

8.4. Sprinkler (drencher) sprinklers in places where there is a danger of mechanical damage must be protected by reliable fences that do not affect the spread of heat and do not change the irrigation map.

8.5. The fire extinguishing station must be provided with a wiring diagram and instructions for controlling the installation in case of fire.

8.6. Fire warning systems should ensure, in accordance with evacuation plans, the transmission of warning signals simultaneously throughout the building (structure) or selectively to its individual parts (floors, sections, etc.).

8.7. The order of use of warning systems should be determined in the instructions for their operation and in the evacuation plans, indicating the persons who have the right to put the systems into action.

8.8. In buildings where they are not required technical means notification of people about a fire, the head of the production facility must determine the procedure for notifying people about a fire and appoint persons responsible for this.

9. Procedure in case of fire

9.1. Each employee upon detection of a fire or signs of burning (smoke, burning smell, temperature increase, etc.) is obliged to:

Report it immediately by phone to fire department(at the same time, it is necessary to indicate the address of the object, the place where the fire occurred, and also provide your last name);

Take, if possible, measures to evacuate people, extinguish the fire and preserve material assets.

9.2. The head of the production facility (another official), who arrived at the place of fire, is obliged:

Duplicate the message about the occurrence of a fire to the fire brigade and notify the higher management;

In the event of a threat to people's lives, immediately organize their rescue, using the available forces and means for this;

Check operation automatic systems fire protection (notifying people about a fire, fire extinguishing, smoke protection);

If necessary, turn off the electricity (with the exception of fire protection systems), stop the operation of transporting devices, units, devices, shut off the operation of raw materials, gas, steam and water communications, stop the operation of ventilation systems in the emergency and adjacent premises, perform other measures that help prevent the development of fire and smoke in the premises of the building;

Stop all work in the building (if it is permissible according to the technological process of production) except for work related to fire extinguishing measures;

Remove all workers who are not involved in fire extinguishing outside the danger zone;

To carry out general guidance on fire extinguishing (taking into account the specific features of the facility) before the arrival of the fire department;

Ensure compliance with safety requirements by employees involved in fire extinguishing;

Simultaneously with extinguishing the fire, organize the evacuation and protection of material assets;

Organize a meeting of fire departments and provide assistance in choosing the shortest path to get to the fire.

9.3. Upon the arrival of the fire department, the head of the facility (or a person replacing him) is obliged to inform the head of the fire extinguishing about the design and technological features of the facility, adjacent buildings and structures, the number and flammable properties stored and used substances, materials, products and other information necessary for the successful elimination of a fire, as well as to organize the involvement of forces and means of the facility for the implementation necessary activities associated with the elimination of the fire and the prevention of its development.

INSTRUCTIONS

ABOUT FIRE SAFETY MEASURES AT THE FACILITY

«______________»

General provisions

The instruction on fire safety measures was developed on the basis of the fire safety rules in the Russian Federation and other regulatory documents on fire safety, based on the specifics of the fire hazard of a building, premises, process and production equipment.
This instruction establishes the basic fire safety requirements for all employees of __________ LLC and is mandatory.
The purpose of this instruction is to ensure the safety of the property of __________ LLC and to prevent adverse consequences to the health and life of people located in its building and on the territory.
Employees of LLC "__________" are allowed to work only after they pass introductory briefing on fire safety measures and familiarize them against signature with these Instructions in the fire safety briefing register.

Basic concepts:

Fire safety - the state of protection of a person, property from fires;
Fire - uncontrolled burning, causing material damage, harm to life and health of people;
Fire safety requirements - special conditions of a social and technical nature, established in order to ensure fire safety by the legislation of the Russian Federation, regulatory documents or an authorized state body;
Fire safety measures - actions to ensure fire safety, incl. to comply with fire safety requirements;
Fire regime - the rules of human behavior, the procedure for organizing production and maintenance of premises, ensuring the prevention of violations of safety requirements and extinguishing fires.

The system of responsibility for ensuring fire safety measures:

The director is responsible for ensuring the fire safety measures of the enterprise.
Responsibility for fire safety of service, auxiliary, warehouse and other premises, technological equipment, power networks, etc. responsible persons appointed in accordance with the established procedure.
Persons appointed in accordance with the established procedure as responsible for ensuring fire safety must ensure the timely implementation of fire safety requirements, orders, resolutions and other legal requirements of state fire supervision inspectors.
Each employee is responsible for compliance with fire safety requirements at his workplace (regardless of length of service and position held). Employees are required to know, strictly comply with and maintain the fire regime established in the building, prevent actions leading to a fire, and also know their duties in the event of a fire.
When carrying out construction and installation and other fire-hazardous works on the territory, in the building and premises of __________ LLC, employees of contracting organizations must comply with the fire safety requirements set forth in the instructions approved by the director of __________ LLC.
Persons guilty of violating these instructions, depending on the nature of the violations and their consequences, bear disciplinary, administrative, civil or criminal liability.

PROCEDURE FOR THE MAINTENANCE OF THE TERRITORY, BUILDING, PREMISES, EVACUATION ROUTES AND EXITS

1. On the territory of LLC "__________" it is forbidden to arrange landfills for combustible waste.

2. Violations of fire-retardant coatings (plasters, special paints, varnishes, coatings) of building structures, combustible finishing and heat-insulating materials, air ducts, must be removed in a timely manner, and the quality of fire retardant treatment (impregnation) is also checked in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions with the drawing up of an act of checking the quality of fire retardant treatment (in the absence of instructions - not at least twice a year).

3. Holes and gaps formed at the intersection of fire barriers by various engineering (including electrical wires, cables) and technological communications must be promptly sealed with non-combustible materials that provide the required fire resistance and smoke and gas tightness.

4. On the territory, in the building and premises of LLC "__________" it is prohibited:

B) use the basement, ventilation chambers and other Technical buildings for organizing production sites, workshops, as well as for storing products, equipment, furniture and other items;

B) remove the provided project documentation doors of emergency exits from halls, foyers, vestibules and stairwells, as well as other doors preventing the spread of dangerous factors fire on evacuation routes;

D) change space-planning decisions and placement of engineering communications and equipment, as a result of which access to fire extinguishers and other fire safety systems is limited or the coverage area of automatic fire protection systems (automatic fire alarm, warning and evacuation control systems) is reduced;

E) clutter up doors, exits to evacuation stairs with furniture, equipment and other items;

E) clean the premises and wash clothes using gasoline, kerosene and other flammable and combustible liquids, as well as thaw frozen pipes with blowtorches and other methods using open fire;

G) arrange storerooms and other utility rooms in staircases and corridors, as well as store things, furniture and other combustible materials under flights of stairs and on landings;

3) arrange mezzanines, desks and other built-in premises made of combustible materials and sheet metal in production and storage buildings;

I) install in stairwells outdoor units conditioners.

5. External fire escapes of the building must be kept in good condition.

6. In rooms with one emergency exit, the simultaneous presence of more than 50 people is prohibited.

7. The pits at the window openings of the basement floor must be kept constantly cleared of debris and foreign objects.

8. When organizing events with a mass stay of people (celebrations, etc.), the organizer of the event provides:

A) inspection of the premises before the start of events in order to determine their readiness in terms of compliance with fire safety measures;

B) the duty of responsible persons at the venue of the events.

At events, electric garlands and illuminations that have the appropriate certificate of conformity can be used.

If a malfunction is detected in the illumination or garlands (heating of wires, flashing lights, sparks, etc.), they must be immediately de-energized.

9.In case of installation Christmas trees, they must be installed on a stable base and not obstruct the exits from the premises. Tree branches should be at least 1 meter away from walls and ceilings.

10. When holding events with a mass stay of people in the premises, it is prohibited:

A) use pyrotechnic products, arc spotlights and candles;

B) decorate the Christmas tree with gauze and cotton wool not impregnated with flame retardants;

C) carry out fire, painting and other fire and fire hazardous work before or during performances;

D) reduce the width of the aisles between the rows and install additional chairs, chairs, etc. in the aisles;

E) completely turn off the lights in the room during performances;

E) commit violations established norms filling the premises with people.

11. During the operation of evacuation routes and exits, compliance with design decisions and requirements of regulatory documents on fire safety (including lighting, number, size and space-planning solutions of evacuation routes and exits, as well as the presence of fire safety signs on the evacuation routes) must be ensured. ).

12. Doors on evacuation routes must open outward, in the direction of exit from the building, with the exception of doors, the opening direction of which is not standardized by the requirements of fire safety regulations or to which special requirements are imposed.

13. The locks on the doors of emergency exits must provide the possibility of their free opening from the inside without a key.

14. In the event of a fire, responsible persons must be provided with access to fire departments in enclosed spaces for the purpose of localizing and extinguishing a fire.

15. During the operation of evacuation routes, evacuation and emergency exits, it is prohibited:

A) arrange thresholds on evacuation routes (with the exception of thresholds in doorways), sliding and lifting-lowering doors and gates, revolving doors and turnstiles, as well as other devices that prevent the free evacuation of people;

B) clutter up evacuation routes and exits (including passages, corridors, vestibules, landings, flights of stairs, doors, hatches) with various materials, products, equipment, industrial waste, garbage and other items, as well as block the doors of evacuation exits;

C) arrange dryers and hangers for clothes in the vestibules of exits, as well as store (including temporarily) inventory and materials;

D) fix self-closing doors of staircases, corridors, halls and vestibules in the open position (if devices that automatically trigger in case of fire are not used for these purposes), and also remove them;

16. When arranging technological, exhibition and other equipment in the premises, the presence of passages to evacuation routes and emergency exits must be provided.

17. The staff must have serviceable electric lights (based on at least 1 lantern per 50 visitors).

18. Carpets, rugs and other floor coverings on escape routes must be securely fastened to the floor.

19. It is prohibited during the reception of visitors to load (unload) goods and containers along the evacuation routes.

MEASURES TO ENSURE FIRE SAFETY DURING EQUIPMENT OPERATION.

1. It is forbidden to leave electrical installations and household electrical appliances not de-energized at the end of working hours in rooms where there are no on-duty personnel, with the exception of emergency lighting, fire protection systems, as well as other electrical installations and electrical appliances, if this is due to their functional purpose and (or) provided for in the operating instructions.

A) operate electrical wires and cables with visible insulation failures;

B) use sockets, knife switches, other wiring accessories with damage;

C) wrap electric lamps and lamps with paper, cloth and other combustible materials, as well as operate lamps with caps (diffusers) removed, provided for by the design of the lamp;

D) use electric irons, electric stoves, electric kettles and other electric heaters that do not have thermal protection devices, as well as in the absence or malfunction of the thermostats provided for by the design;

E) use non-standard (self-made) electric heaters;

E) left unattended included in electrical network electric heaters, as well as other household electrical appliances, including those in standby mode, with the exception of electrical appliances that can and (or) must be in round-the-clock operation in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions;

G) place (storage) combustible (including flammable) substances and materials in electrical switchboards (near electrical panels), near electric motors and starting equipment;

H) use temporary electrical wiring, as well as extension cords for powering electrical appliances that are not intended for emergency and other temporary work.

3. Fire safety signs, including those indicating escape routes and emergency exits, must be kept in good condition.

4. Escape lighting should turn on automatically when the power supply to the working lighting is interrupted.

5. Lens floodlights, searchlights and spotlights must be placed at a safe distance from combustible structures and materials, specified in specifications product operation. Light filters for spotlights and spotlights must be made of non-combustible materials.

6. It is forbidden to use gas appliances in the building.

7. It is forbidden to use kerosene lanterns and table kerosene lamps for indoor lighting.

8. When operating ventilation and air conditioning systems, it is prohibited:

A) leave the doors of the ventilation chambers open;

B) close exhaust channels, openings and grilles;

C) connect gas heaters to the air ducts;

D) burn out accumulated fat deposits, dust and other combustible substances in the air ducts.

9. In accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, responsible persons organize a check of fire-retarding devices (flaps, dampers, valves, etc.) in air ducts, blocking devices ventilation systems with automatic fire alarm or fire extinguishing installations, automatic devices turn off ventilation in case of fire.

10. In accordance with the established procedure and terms, but at least once a year, responsible persons should clean the ventilation chambers, cyclones, filters and air ducts from combustible waste with the preparation of an appropriate act. Cleaning of ventilation systems of fire and explosion hazardous and fire hazardous premises should be carried out by fire and explosion safe methods.

11. It is forbidden to drain flammable and combustible liquids into sewer networks (including in case of accidents).

12. Responsible persons of the organization provide:

Good condition of fire hydrants, their insulation and cleaning from snow and ice in winter, accessibility of fire equipment to fire hydrants at any time of the year.

When disconnecting sections of the water supply network and (or) fire hydrants, as well as when the pressure in the water supply network decreases below the required level, the head and the fire department are notified about this.

14. Responsible persons ensure the good condition of the fire protection systems and means of the facility (automatic fire extinguishing and alarm systems, fire warning systems for people, fire alarms, fire doors, protective devices in fire barriers) and organize at least once a quarter an inspection of the operability of these systems and fire protection equipment of the facility with the issuance of an appropriate inspection report.

During installation, repair and maintenance of building fire safety equipment, design solutions, requirements of fire safety regulations and (or) special technical conditions must be observed.

Responsible persons organize the storage at the facility of as-built documentation for installations and fire protection systems of the facility.

15. The transfer of fire protection installations from automatic to manual start is prohibited, except for the cases provided for by regulatory documents on fire safety.

16. Devices for self-closing doors must be in good condition. It is not allowed to install any devices that prevent the normal closing of fire or smoke doors (devices).

17. Responsible persons ensure, in accordance with the annual schedule drawn up taking into account the technical documentation of manufacturers, and the timing of the repair work, routine maintenance and scheduled preventive maintenance of the building's fire protection systems (automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations , fire warning and evacuation management systems).

During the period of maintenance or repair work related to the shutdown of fire protection systems or their elements, the head of the organization takes the necessary measures to protect the facility from fire.

18. Responsible persons provide the object with fire extinguishers in accordance with the norms in accordance with Annexes No. 1 and 2 of the Fire Regulations in the Russian Federation. Primary fire extinguishing equipment must have the appropriate certificates.

IV . MEASURES TO ENSURE FIRE SAFETY DURING FIRE HAZARDOUS WORKS.

It is prohibited to carry out hot work in the building of __________ LLC while visitors are in the building.
When carrying out painting work it is necessary:

a) make the preparation and dilution of all types of varnishes and paints in isolated rooms at outer wall with window openings or in open areas, supply painting materials to ready-made centrally, place paints and varnishes in the pantry in an amount not exceeding the shift needs, tightly close and store containers from under paints and varnishes in specially designated areas;

B) equip electro-coloring devices when painting in an electrostatic field with a protective interlock, which excludes the possibility of turning on spray devices when the local exhaust ventilation systems are not working;

C) do not exceed the shift demand for combustible substances at the workplace, open containers with combustible substances only before use, and at the end of work close them and put them in a warehouse, store containers for combustible substances in a specially designated place outdoors.

3. It is forbidden to allow persons who are not directly involved in the performance of work into the premises where combustible substances are used, as well as to perform work and stay for people in adjacent premises.

4. Works in rooms, zones (territories) in which the formation of combustible vapor-air mixtures is possible, should be carried out with a spark-proof tool in clothes and shoes that are not capable of causing a spark.

5. Apply combustible coatings on the floor of the premises should be in natural light. Work must begin from the places most remote from the exits from the premises. Flammable coatings are prohibited in corridors and other escape routes.

6. Apply epoxy resins, adhesives, mastics, including paints and varnishes based on synthetic resins, and sticking of tiled and rolled polymeric materials should be done after all construction, installation and sanitary works have been completed before the final painting of the premises.

7. It is necessary to wash the tools and equipment used in the production of work with combustible substances in an open area or in a room with exhaust ventilation.

8. The boiler for the preparation of mastics, bitumen or other flammable mixtures is equipped with a tightly closed lid made of non-combustible materials. The filling of boilers is allowed no more than three-fourths of their capacity. The filler loaded into the boiler must be dry.

It is forbidden to install boilers for the preparation of mastics, bitumen or other flammable mixtures in attic spaces and on covers.

9. The foreman provides a place for bitumen cooking with a box of dry sand with a capacity of 0.5 cubic meters. meters, 2 shovels and a fire extinguisher (powder).

10. The place of cooking and heating of mastics is collapsed to a height of at least 0.3 meters (or sides made of non-combustible materials are arranged).

12. Delivery of hot bituminous mastic to workplaces is allowed to be carried out:

A) in special metal tanks, having the shape of a truncated cone, facing the wide side down, with tight-fitting lids. Lids must have locking devices that prevent opening when the tank falls;

B) using a pump according to steel pipeline attached in vertical sections to the building structure, preventing leakage. On horizontal sections, mastic can be supplied through a heat-resistant hose. At the junction of the hose with a steel pipe, a protective case 40 - 50 centimeters long is put on (made of tarpaulin or other non-combustible materials). After filling the container of the mastic application machine, the mastic must be pumped out of the pipeline.

14. It is forbidden to leave the boilers unattended during the process of cooking and heating bitumen compositions.

16. When mixing, heated bitumen should be poured into the solvent. Stirring is allowed only with a wooden stirrer.

17. It is forbidden to use open fire within a radius of 50 meters from the place where bitumen is mixed with solvents.

18. When carrying out hot work, it is necessary:

A) before carrying out hot work, ventilate the premises where vapors of flammable and combustible liquids, as well as combustible gases can accumulate;

B) provide a place for conducting hot work with primary fire extinguishing equipment (a fire extinguisher, a box with sand with a capacity of 0.5 cubic meters, 2 shovels, a bucket of water);

C) tightly close all doors connecting the rooms in which hot work is carried out with other rooms, including the doors of the vestibule locks, open the windows;

D) monitor the state of the vapor-gas-air environment in the technological equipment on which hot work is carried out, and in the danger zone;

E) stop hot work in the event of an increase in the content of combustible substances or a decrease in the concentration of a phlegmatizer in a hazardous area or process equipment to the values of the maximum permissible explosion-proof concentrations of vapors (gases).

19. Technological equipment on which hot work will be carried out must be steamed, washed, cleaned, freed from fire and explosive substances and disconnected from existing communications (with the exception of communications used to prepare for hot work).

20. When steaming the internal volume of technological equipment, the temperature of the supplied water vapor must not exceed a value equal to 80 percent of the autoignition temperature of combustible vapor (gas).

21. Process equipment should be flushed when the concentration of vapors (gases) in it is outside the limits of their ignition, and in an electrostatically safe mode.

22. Methods for cleaning premises, as well as equipment and communications in which hot work is carried out, should not lead to the formation of explosive vapor and dust-air mixtures and the appearance of sources of ignition.

23. To prevent the ingress of hot metal particles into adjacent rooms, adjacent floors and other rooms, all inspection, technological and other hatches (holes), ventilation, mounting and other openings (openings) in ceilings, walls and partitions of rooms where hot work is carried out, closed with non-combustible materials.

The place of hot work is cleared of combustible substances and materials within the radius of cleaning the territory from combustible materials in accordance with Appendix No. 3 of the Fire Prevention Regulations in the Russian Federation.

24. Building structures, flooring, finishing and cladding, as well as insulation and parts of equipment made of combustible materials located within the radius of the territory cleaning zone, must be protected from sparks by a metal screen, asbestos cloth or other non-combustible materials and, if necessary, sprinkled with water.

25. It is not allowed to open hatches and covers of technological equipment, unload, reload and drain products, load them through open hatches, as well as perform other operations that can lead to fires and explosions due to gas contamination and dustiness of places where firing is carried out. work.

26. During breaks in work, as well as at the end of the work shift, the welding equipment must be turned off (including from the mains), the hoses must be disconnected and freed from flammable liquids and gases, and the pressure in blowtorches must be completely bled off.

Upon completion of work, all equipment and equipment must be removed to specially designated premises (places).

27. No organization permanent seats carrying out hot work at more than 10 posts (welding, cutting), if centralized electricity and gas supply is not provided.

28. When carrying out hot work, it is prohibited:

A) start work with faulty equipment;

B) carry out hot work on structures and products freshly painted with combustible paints (varnishes);

C) use clothes and gloves with traces of oils, fats, gasoline, kerosene and other flammable liquids;

D) store clothing, flammable and combustible liquids, and other combustible materials in welding booths;

D) allow independent work students, as well as employees who do not have a qualification certificate;

E) allow contact of electrical wires with cylinders with compressed, liquefied and dissolved gases;

G) to carry out work on devices and communications filled with combustible and toxic substances, as well as under electrical voltage;

3) carry out hot work simultaneously with the installation of waterproofing and vapor barrier on the roof, installation of panels with combustible and slow-burning insulation, gluing floor coverings and finishing the premises using combustible varnishes, adhesives, mastics and other combustible materials.

29. It is prohibited to carry out hot work on building elements made of light metal structures with combustible and slow-burning heaters.

30. When conducting gas welding work:

A) Portable acetylene generators should be installed outdoors. Acetylene generators must be fenced and placed no closer than 10 meters from work sites, as well as from places where air is taken by compressors and fans;

B) in the places where the acetylene generator is installed, posters "No entry to strangers - flammable", "Do not smoke", "Do not pass with fire" are posted;

C) at the end of the work, the calcium carbide in the portable generator must be exhausted. Lime sludge removed from the generator is unloaded into a container adapted for this purpose and drained into a sludge pit or a special bunker;

D) open silt pits are fenced with railings, and closed ones have non-combustible ceilings and are equipped with exhaust ventilation and hatches for removing sludge;

E) fastening of gas supply hoses to the connecting nipples of equipment, burners, cutters and reducers must be reliable. On the nipples of water locks, the hoses are tightly put on, but not fixed;

E) calcium carbide is stored in dry, ventilated areas. It is forbidden to place calcium carbide stores in basements and low flooded places;

G) in the premises of acetylene plants, in which there is no intermediate storage of calcium carbide, it is allowed to store at the same time no more than 200 kilograms of calcium carbide, and of this amount in open form can be no more than 50 kilograms;

h) Opened calcium carbide drums should be protected with watertight lids;

I) it is prohibited in the places of storage and opening of drums with calcium carbide smoking, the use of open fire and the use of sparking tools;

J) storage and transportation of gas cylinders is carried out only with safety caps screwed onto their necks. Cylinders are delivered to the place of welding on special carts, stretchers, sledges. When transporting cylinders, shocks and shocks are not allowed;

K) it is prohibited to store in the same room oxygen cylinders and cylinders with combustible gases, as well as calcium carbide, paints, oils and fats;

M) when handling empty cylinders from oxygen or combustible gases, the same safety measures are observed as with filled cylinders;

N) Smoking and open flames are prohibited within a radius of 10 meters from the silt storage areas, next to which the appropriate prohibition signs are posted.

31. When carrying out gas welding or gas cutting operations with calcium carbide, it is prohibited:

A) use 1 water lock for two welders;

B) load calcium carbide with oversized granulation or push it into the funnel of the apparatus using iron rods and wire, and also work with carbide dust;

C) load calcium carbide into wet loading baskets or in the presence of water in the gas collector, as well as load baskets with carbide to more than half of their volume when the "water to carbide" generators are operating;

D) purge the hose for combustible gases with oxygen and the oxygen hose with combustible gas, and also interchange the hoses during operation;

E) twist, twist or pinch gas supply hoses;

E) move the generator if there is acetylene in the gas collector;

G) to force the operation of acetylene generators by deliberately increasing the gas pressure in them or increasing the one-time load of calcium carbide;

H) use a copper tool for opening drums with calcium carbide, as well as copper as a solder for soldering acetylene equipment and in other places where contact with acetylene is possible.

32. When carrying out electric welding work:

A) it is forbidden to use wires without insulation or with damaged insulation, as well as to use non-standard circuit breakers;

B) welding wires should be connected by crimping, welding, soldering or special clamps. The connection of electrical wires to the electrode holder, the workpiece to be welded and the welding machine is carried out using copper cable lugs bolted with washers;

C) wires connected to welding machines, switchboards and other equipment, as well as places of welding work;

D) it is necessary to place cables (wires) of electric welding machines from pipelines with oxygen at a distance of at least 0.5 meters, and from pipelines and cylinders with acetylene and other combustible gases - at least 1 meter;

E) as a return conductor connecting the workpiece to be welded with a current source, steel or aluminum busbars of any profile, welding plates, racks and the welded structure itself can be used, provided that their cross section ensures safe current flow under heating conditions. Interconnection individual elements used as a return conductor must be made using bolts, clamps or clamps;

E) it is forbidden to use internal railway tracks, grounding or zeroing networks, as well as metal structures of buildings, communications and process equipment. In these cases, welding is carried out using 2 wires;

G) in fire and explosion hazardous and fire hazardous premises and structures, the return conductor from the workpiece to be welded to the current source is made only with an insulated wire, and in terms of insulation quality it should not be inferior to a direct conductor connected to the electrode holder;

H) the design of the electrode holder for manual welding should ensure reliable clamping and quick change of electrodes, and also exclude the possibility of a short circuit of its body to the workpiece being welded during temporary interruptions in work or if it accidentally falls on metal objects. The handle of the electrode holder is made of non-combustible dielectric and heat-insulating material;

I) it is necessary to use electrodes manufactured in the factory, corresponding to the nominal value of the welding current. When changing electrodes, their remains (ends) should be placed in a special metal box installed at the welding site;

K) it is necessary to ground the electric welding installation during operation. In addition to grounding the main electrical welding equipment in welding installations, it is necessary to directly ground that terminal of the secondary winding of the welding transformer, to which the conductor leading to the product (return conductor) is connected;

L) the unit and starting equipment should be cleaned daily after the end of work. Maintenance and scheduled preventive maintenance of welding equipment is carried out in accordance with the schedule;

M) arc power in installations for atomic hydrogen welding is provided from a separate transformer. It is forbidden to directly supply the arc from the distribution network through a current regulator of any type;

N) in the case of atomic hydrogen welding, the burner must be provided automatic shutdown voltage and stopping the supply of hydrogen in the event of a circuit break. Burners must not be left unattended.

33. During hot work related to metal cutting:

A) it is necessary to take measures to prevent the spill of flammable and combustible liquids;

B) it is allowed to store a supply of fuel at the place of gasoline and kerosene cutting works in an amount not exceeding a shift requirement. Fuel should be stored in a serviceable unbreakable tightly closed container at a distance of at least 10 meters from the place of hot work;

C) before starting work, it is necessary to check the serviceability of the fittings of the gasoline and kerosene cutter, the tightness of the hose connections on the nipples, the serviceability of the thread in union nuts and heads;

D) use fuel for gasoline and kerosene cutting works in accordance with the available instructions;

E) the fuel tank should be located at a distance of at least 5 meters from oxygen cylinders, as well as from a source of open fire and at least 3 meters from the workplace, while flames and sparks should not fall on the tank during operation;

E) it is forbidden to operate tanks that have not passed hydrotests, that have a combustible mixture leak, as well as a faulty pump or pressure gauge;

G) it is forbidden to warm up the torch vaporizer by igniting a flammable or combustible liquid poured at the workplace.

34. When carrying out gasoline and kerosene cutting works, it is prohibited:

A) have an air pressure in the fuel tank that exceeds the operating pressure of oxygen in the torch;

B) overheat the torch evaporator, and also hang the torch vertically during operation, head up;

C) clamp, twist or break the hoses supplying oxygen or fuel to the cutter;

D) use oxygen hoses to supply gasoline or kerosene to the cutter.

35. When carrying out soldering work workplace must be cleared of combustible materials, and structures made of combustible materials located at a distance of less than 5 meters must be protected by screens of non-combustible materials or watered with water (an aqueous solution of a foaming agent, etc.).

36. Blowtorches must be kept in good condition and their parameters checked in accordance with technical documentation at least once a month.

37. To prevent the emission of a flame from a blowtorch, the fuel refilled into the lamp must not contain foreign impurities and water.

38. In order to avoid blowtorch explosion it is forbidden:

A) use as a fuel for lamps running on kerosene, gasoline or a mixture of gasoline and kerosene;

B) increase the pressure in the lamp reservoir when pumping air over the allowable working pressure specified in the passport;

C) fill the lamp with fuel to more than three fourths of the volume of its reservoir;

D) unscrew the air screw and the filler plug when the lamp is on or has not yet cooled down;

E) repair the lamp, as well as pour fuel out of it or fill it with fuel near an open fire (burning match, cigarette, etc.).

39. To carry out hot work (fire heating of bitumen, gas and electric welding works, gas and electric cutting works, gasoline and kerosene cutting works, soldering works, metal cutting with a mechanized tool) at temporary places (except for construction sites) by the head of the organization or a person, responsible for fire safety, a work permit is issued for the performance of hot work in the form provided for in Appendix No. 4 of the Rules for the fire regime in the Russian Federation.
V . PROCEDURE, STANDARDS FOR STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION OF FIRE AND EXPLOSION SUBSTANCES, FIRE HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES AND MATERIALS.
1. In the building of LLC "__________" it is prohibited:

a) store and use in the basement flammable and combustible liquids, gunpowder, explosives, pyrotechnic products, cylinders with flammable gases, aerosol products, celluloid and other fire and explosion hazardous substances and materials, except as provided for by other regulatory documents on fire safety;

b) install cylinders with flammable gases in the halls for filling balloons and for other purposes;

c) place trading, gambling devices and conduct trade on the landings of stairwells, in vestibules and on other evacuation routes.

2. Temporary storage of combustible materials, waste, packages and containers in halls and on escape routes is prohibited.

3. Storage of kerosene, weapons and cartridges for them, as well as pyrotechnic products in the building is prohibited.
VI . PROCEDURE FOR INSPECTION AND CLOSURE OF THE PREMISES AFTER THE END OF WORK.
All premises, regardless of their purpose, before closing must be inspected by persons responsible for the fire safety of a particular room, or persons appointed by them.

INSPECTION OF THE PREMISES INCLUDES:

elimination possible causes fire.
Eliminate the causes that contribute to the rapid spread of fire.
Readiness of fire extinguishing equipment for use.

Every day at the end of the working day before closing, it is necessary to carefully inspect all serviced premises and check:

turning off electric heaters, electrical installations, units, machines, equipment, power and electric lighting networks (with the exception of power supplies and electrical installations, which, according to the conditions technological process should be open 24/7)
lack of contact of heated surfaces of switched off electrical appliances, electrical equipment with combustible substances and materials;
cleaning of premises, workplaces from industrial waste and garbage;
removal of flammable and combustible liquids, goods in aerosol packaging from workplaces to a place specially designated and equipped for their storage;
availability of free passages along the corridors, rooms, stairs to emergency exits, windows, to fire extinguishing and communication equipment.

When inspecting and checking the premises, it should be established whether there is smoke, burning smell, temperature increase and other signs of fire. If such signs are found, identify the cause and take measures to eliminate it.

Inspection of premises where fire hazardous work was carried out should be carried out with particular care. These premises should be monitored within 3-5 hours after the completion of fire hazardous work.

Any deficiencies that cannot be eliminated by the inspector must be immediately reported to the higher management for appropriate action to be taken.

In the room, it is necessary to provide free access to the sensors of the security and fire alarms and the means of security and alarms; do not block the detection area of the sensor with any objects.

When leaving the room, carefully close windows, vents, doors, to exclude their spontaneous opening.

1. Employees and officials organizations are obliged

1.1. Comply with fire safety requirements established by the Rules fire regime in the Russian Federation and this instruction.

1.2. Take good care of fire extinguishers and equipment.

1.3. Immediately notify the head of the organization or immediate supervisor of violations of fire safety requirements.

1.4. Workers are allowed to work at the facility only after completing fire safety training. Training of employees in fire safety measures is carried out by conducting fire-fighting briefing and passing the fire-technical minimum.

1.5. Fire safety briefing is carried out with all employees of the organization.

2. The order of maintenance of premises, including evacuation routes

2.1. It is forbidden to make changes in space-planning decisions and the placement of engineering communications and equipment, as a result of which access to fire extinguishers, fire hydrants and other fire safety systems is limited or the coverage area of automatic fire protection systems (automatic fire alarm, stationary automatic installation fire extinguishing systems, smoke removal systems, warning and evacuation control systems).

2.2. It is forbidden to remove the doors provided for by the design documentation that prevent the spread of fire hazards.

2.3. During the operation of evacuation routes and exits, compliance with design decisions must be ensured.

2.4. During the operation of evacuation routes, evacuation and emergency exits, it is prohibited:

a) arrange thresholds on escape routes (with the exception of thresholds in doorways), install sliding and lifting-lowering doors and gates without the possibility of manually opening them from the inside and blocking them in the open state, revolving doors and turnstiles, as well as other devices that prevent free evacuation people, in the absence of other (duplicate) evacuation routes or in the absence of technical solutions, which allow you to manually open and lock open the specified devices. In addition to the manual method, it is allowed to use an automatic or remote method of opening and blocking devices;

b) clutter up evacuation routes and exits (including passages, corridors, vestibules, galleries, elevator lobbies, landings, flights of stairs, doors, evacuation hatches) with various materials, products, equipment, industrial waste, garbage and other items, as well as block the doors of emergency exits;

c) arrange dryers and hangers for clothes, wardrobes in the vestibules of exits, as well as store (including temporarily) inventory and materials;

d) fix self-closing doors in the open position, as well as remove them.

f) replace reinforced glass with conventional glass in the glazing of doors and transoms;

g) change the direction of door opening, with the exception of doors, the opening of which is not standardized or to which other requirements are imposed in accordance with regulatory legal acts.

2.5. The locks on the doors of emergency exits must ensure the possibility of their free opening from the inside without a key.

2.6. When arranging technological and other equipment in the premises, the presence of passages to evacuation routes and evacuation exits should be ensured.

2.7. It is forbidden to leave, at the end of working hours, electrical installations in rooms where there are no on-duty personnel, with the exception of fire protection systems, as well as other electrical installations and electrical appliances, if this is due to their functional purpose and (or) provided for by the requirements of the operating instructions.

Operate electric wires and cables with visible violations of insulation;

Use electrical installation products with damage;

Wrap electric lamps and lamps with paper, cloth and other combustible materials, as well as operate lamps with caps (diffusers) removed, provided for by the design of the lamp;

Place (storage) combustible (including flammable) substances and materials in electrical switchboards (near electrical panels), electric motors and starting equipment;

When carrying out emergency and other construction, installation and restoration work, use temporary electrical wiring, including extension cords, surge protectors that are not designed according to their characteristics to power the electrical appliances used.

2.9. Transfer of fire automatics installations from automatic to manual start is prohibited.

2.10. It is not allowed to install any devices that prevent the normal closing of fire or smoke doors (devices).

2.11. The distance from the fixtures to the stored materials should be at least 0.5 meters.

2.12. When operating ventilation and air conditioning systems, it is prohibited:

a) leave the doors of the ventilation chambers open;

b) close exhaust channels, openings and grilles;

c) connect gas heaters to the air ducts;

d) burn out accumulated fat deposits, dust and other combustible substances in the air ducts.

2.13. It is forbidden to thaw frozen pipes with blowtorches and other methods using open fire.

3. The order of inspection and closing of premises upon completion of work

3.1. At the end of working hours, it is necessary to de-energize the electrical installations in the premises, with the exception of fire protection systems, as well as other electrical installations and electrical appliances, if this is due to their functional purpose and (or) provided for by the requirements of the operating instructions.

3.2. Inspect the premises, equipment for the absence of ignition sources, blockages of exits.

3.3. Close windows, doors, gates.

4. Location of smoking areas, carrying out hot or other fire-hazardous work, including temporary

4.1. The facility must ensure compliance with the requirements provided for in Article 12 federal law"On the protection of the health of citizens from the effects of the environment tobacco smoke and consequences of tobacco use.

Areas specially designated for smoking tobacco are marked with "Smoking Area" signs.

4.2. For temporary installation and repair hot work (bitumen fire heating, gas and electric welding, gas and electric cutting, gasoline and kerosene cutting, soldering, metal cutting with a mechanized tool) in the premises of the head of the organization or the person responsible for fire safety , a work permit is issued for the performance of hot work in the form provided for in Appendix No. 4 of the Rules for the fire regime in the Russian Federation.

5. Permissible (limit) number of people who can be at the facility at the same time

5.1. More than 50 people are not allowed in rooms with one emergency exit at the same time.

6. Duties and actions of workers in case of fire

6.1. All employees upon detection of a fire or signs of burning in a building or room (smoke, burning smell, increase in air temperature, etc.) must:

a) immediately inform the fire brigade by phone (112, 101) (in this case, you must give the address of the object, the place of the fire, and also give your last name);

b) take all feasible measures to evacuate people and extinguish the fire.

7. Persons responsible for ensuring fire safety

7.1. Responsible for fire safety of office premises (position, full name is indicated) are responsible for:

conducting and arranging fire safety briefings(introductory, primary, repeated, unscheduled, targeted briefings) with employees of the organization;
development and preparation of draft local regulations of the organization in the field of fire safety for the organization (instructions);
periodic inspections of evacuation routes, evacuation and emergency exits in the premises (for example, at least 3 times a day);
timely informing the head of the identified violations of fire safety requirements;
suppression of violations of fire safety requirements committed by employees (smoking in undesignated places, use of open fire, littering of escape routes, etc.) in the premises;
inspection and closing of premises after the end of the working day (closing windows and doors, de-energizing electrical equipment, turning off ventilation, etc.);
compliance with and control over the procedure for smoking, carrying out hot or other fire-hazardous work, including temporary ones.

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Fire safety measures in the territory. Instructions on fire safety measures in office premises

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS.

2. MAINTENANCE OF THE TERRITORY. FIRE REQUIREMENTS

SAFETY.

FIRE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS WHEN IMPLEMENTED

CONSTRUCTION AND ASSEMBLY WORKS

4. FIRE SAFETY MEASURES DURING STORAGE AND WORKING WITH ADHESIVES, MASTICS, AND OTHER COMBUSTIBLE SUBSTANCES AND MATERIALS

5. FIRE SAFETY MEASURES DURING WELDING AND OTHER FIRE WORKS

6. INSTALLATION AND OPERATION OF TEMPORARY POWER NETWORKS AND ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT

7. FIRE SAFETY MEASURES DURING THE DEVICE AND OPERATION OF INSTALLATIONS OF HEATING AND DRYING OF PREMISES

A. Fire safety measures during installation and operation of heat generators operating on liquid and gaseous fuels

B. Fire safety measures during installation and operation of electric heaters

D. Furnace heating

8. FIRE-FIGHTING WATER SUPPLY,

FIRE EXTINGUISHING AND COMMUNICATIONS

9. ACTIONS IN THE EVENT OF FIRE.

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