What is slaked lime used for in the garden? The use of quicklime

Lime is a word Greek origin and means "inextinguishable". Belongs to those materials that have accompanied mankind since time immemorial. Its properties were discovered, probably by accident, and it found application in different areas through trial and error, so to speak, blindly. Consider the difference between hydrated and quicklime.

People still did not know anything about calcium and its compounds with coal and oxygen, but they already realized that mountain limestone is good. building material, and that by burning some rocks: limestone, chalk, dolomites and others, a substance with binding properties can be obtained.

With lime cement, the ancient Chinese stabilized the soil and fastened the masonry of their Great Wall 2500 km long, subsequently, fertilizers used in agriculture began to be made on the basis of lime.

Quicklime

At present, the result of roasting is not slaked lime it is not used as cement, because of its ability to absorb moisture and cause fungal mold on the walls, but in the construction industry it is in demand for the production of slag concrete, paints, silicate bricks and plaster materials.

Quicklime(or calcium oxide mixed with other oxides, and primarily magnesium oxide) is used to neutralize wastewater and flue gases, to paint buildings. It is included in many food products in the form of an emulsifier, binding substances that by their nature resist dissolution in each other, such as water and oil.

Slaked lime

Hydrated (or hydrated) lime is formed as a result of interaction with water. Calcium oxide, of which quicklime is composed, is converted into calcium hydroxide, releasing heat abundantly in the form of steam.

Depending on the quenching method, we can get:

• lime water;
• suspension ( milk of lime);
• dry calcium hydroxide (fluff).

Extinguishing method

Quicklime may differ in its qualities, so you should not rush into the process, but perhaps increase the slaking time so that poorly quenched lime does not smoke in freshly laid plaster that has been exposed to water.

Slow-extinguishing lime is best poured in several stages. A substance with a fast or medium extinguishing term is poured before the steam stops to avoid burnout. You should be careful not to let the boiling lime get on your hands and face. To avoid burns, protect yourself with long gloves, a respirator and special goggles.

In general, the features of the dosage of water in the process directly depend on the purpose of the future substance. The general meaning of domestic use of lime is to prevent unwanted activity of microorganisms.

Application

• lime fertilizers Since ancient times, they have been used in agriculture to increase soil fertility and for liming, that is, to reduce acidity. Solid calcareous fertilizers, such as chalk, limestone, dolomite, are ground or burned before being applied to the soil. Soft lime fertilizers act more efficiently and are applied to the soil without pre-treatment - natural dolomite flour, lake lime (garbage), calcareous tufa, marl. Lime fertilizers include rock processing products: quickburned lime (ground or lump) and fluff (slaked lime), as well as industrial waste, such as cement dust, belite flour, blast furnace slag, shale and peat ash, defecation mud, etc.
• Tree painting. Dilute 1 kg of lime in 4 liters of water. After a couple of days, the solution is ready for use.
• Spraying plants. Copper sulphate is added to lime water and sprayed two hours after preparation.
• Whitewashing of ceilings and walls. Here the proportion will be different: 1 kg of lime per 2 liters of water. Then add water until you get the desired consistency. Let the solution stand for a couple of days and strain it.
• Pushonka(or dry calcium hydroxide) perfectly copes with the functions of protecting against moisture, disinfecting and improving the binding qualities of cement and concrete mortars.

Lime building quicklime- it's fairly common chemical compound, which chemical formula is calcium oxide CaO. Quicklime is a crystalline substance that has a white color.

Obtaining quicklime

Despite the fact that building quicklime received enough wide use in many areas of human life, in nature, it is quite rare. Therefore, several methods for obtaining quicklime are actively used in industry.

Most often, quicklime is obtained by thermal decomposition of limestone. However, in modern industry, this method has been increasingly abandoned, since the inevitable product of such a reaction is carbon dioxide, which negatively affects nature and surrounding a person Wednesday.

An important discovery was the possibility of obtaining quicklime by thermal decomposition of calcium oxygen-containing salts.

The use of quicklime

Since time immemorial, quicklime has been actively used in many areas human activity. Known for its use in construction Food Industry and many other areas.

Quicklime in construction

Quicklime building lime is widely used in construction. From this substance long time lime cement was produced, which, when absorbing carbon dioxide under normal conditions on outdoors hardened fairly quickly. AT modern building quicklime is used less and less due to the high degree of absorption of moisture by lime cement. The accumulation of moisture inside the walls often led to the development of microorganisms and fungi on the walls of buildings.

It is strictly forbidden to use quicklime for the manufacture of cement for stoves and fireplaces. When exposed to fire and high temperatures, carbon dioxide is released from this substance, which has a toxic effect on humans.

In some cases, it is advisable to make putties from quicklime for wall covering.

Quicklime as a refractory material

Among insignificant and cheap objects, refractory material based on quicklime is widely used. Compared to other refractory quicklime has a significantly lower. cost, which allows it to be used in this capacity where the use of more expensive refractory materials is impossible or impractical.

Quicklime in the food industry

Sufficiently widespread quicklime received in the food industry. In products, it is found as a food additive E-529. In this capacity, quicklime acts as an emulsifier, that is, it allows mixing substances that are immiscible in nature, such as oil and water, into a homogeneous mass.

Quicklime in laboratories

In laboratory conditions, quicklime has also found its use. In small quantities, the addition of quicklime can significantly dry out substances that do not react with it.

Quicklime in ecology

In significant volumes, quicklime is also used for the benefit environment. Thanks to high level absorbency Quicklime is used to neutralize wastewater and flue gases.

Quicklime for coloring

Coloring quicklime has its own nuances. A dense film after painting with quicklime appears only with a sufficient amount of moisture. That is why painting with this substance is carried out only in rainy and humid weather and on the surface of a wall, floor or ceiling that is not completely dry.

Types of quicklime

The construction industry, which uses quicklime quite densely, dictates its own rules. Thanks to the strong development of construction, quicklime received several varieties.

• 1. Aerial lime used to produce lime cement for ground work;
• 2. Hydraulic lime is different in that the cement from it hardens in the aquatic environment; widely used in the construction of bridge piers.

The negative impact of lime on the human body

Despite the fairly widespread use, quicklime building still has negative characteristics. Thus, fine dust-like particles of quicklime, rising into the air, adversely affect the mucous membranes of the mouth and nose, causing coughing, sneezing and irritation of the mucous membranes.

When lime is slaked, droplets of the solution that fall on human skin can cause severe burns.

For these reasons, when working with quicklime, safety precautions must be observed.

Safety precautions when working with quicklime

When working with ground lime, it is necessary to protect the respiratory organs from getting dust lime on the mucous membranes. To do this, first of all, you should take care of a well-ventilated room. the best way protecting mucous membranes will work outdoors. If such conditions are not possible, it is imperative to use a dust-tight bandage or respirator.

When slaking lime, it is necessary to protect the skin, eyes and respiratory tract from possible droplets of slaked lime. To do this, you must use high rubber gloves, respirators and special goggles.

Cement is made from it, without which it is unthinkable to build a house, and they fertilize the garden and the garden with it, ennobling the soil. A caustic and chemically active substrate that can cause even severe burns, and snow-white chalk for whitewashing buildings, rooms or tree trunks - and that's it, quicklime.

What is quicklime

This is a calcium-dolomite mixture, in which the main substances are calcium, magnesium, to a lesser extent - potassium, as well as bound water and carbon dioxide. It would be possible not to go into the chemical composition and related issues, but to understand the mechanism of action of lime in growing crops, we will be forced by a large army of farmers and just owners of household plots who intend to grow ECO-class products, that is, environmentally friendly.

And it is possible to grow it, according to their conviction (and not unreasonable), only without using mineral, factory-made substances. And the use of lime in the cultivation of the soil becomes for them a way of making organic fertilizers along with cow, horse or chicken manure.

And the thing is that they are so similar in chemical composition CaO, its hydrated derivative Ca(OH)2 and dolomite are of different origin. If dolomite was formed several hundred million years ago as a result of compaction of sedimentary rocks of purely mineral origin, then limestones, from where calcium rock is extracted, from which quicklime is then obtained by annealing, were formed after the death and sinking to the bottom of the primitive ocean of mollusks and other inhabitants of the Cambrian and chalk. And all of them had a calcareous shell, based on the same calcium.

So if the lime that the gardener purchased is obtained from CaMg (CO3) 2 dolomite, then this is a mineral, carbonate rock. As a fertilizer, dolomite lime is beyond praise, and no worse than calcium lime, the origin of which, as we have already found out, is organic.

The use of lime to deoxidize the soil

The owners of farmsteads, gardens and garden plots are well aware of situations when all fertilizers have been applied to the soil, all conceivable and unimaginable agrotechnical procedures have been carried out, and the harvest, compared to previous years, has fallen. And this despite favorable weather conditions.

And only then the farmer/gardener/gardener realizes: have I measured the acidity of the soil for a long time? Because this is an indicator that only grows over time. And often largely due to the introduction of the same fertilizers year after year. And the easiest way to lower it is to add a certain amount of lime to the soil. Or, in other words, carry out liming. Or - deoxidize it with lime, which has an alkaline reaction.

But not everything is so simple. The acidity of the soil is not the presence of some kind of acid in it. Acidity is determined by the pH, that is, the number of hydrogen ions. If this index is below seven, the soil is acidic, with a decrease in the numerical value, acidity also increases. Above this numerical value, the soil is alkaline.

In an acidified area, many cultures, as a result of acid reactions, cannot fully grow, because substances are formed that plants “do not see”.

Earthworms and manure worms are excellent suppliers of valuable fertilizer - humus. They do not survive well and work unproductively in acidified soils, but if the soil is limed, it is already on next year the population of worms increases dramatically, and the indicators of the presence of humus increase up to 2 times! The only condition is to apply for liming slaked lime or drywall (lake lime). Quick CaO can not only burn worms, but also destroy them.

So the main reason for using lime on the plots is to bring the pH back to normal and bring the soil structure to the optimum. And one more of its remarkable properties - when whitewashing the trunks, completely block the path up to the crown, numerous pests that in early spring crawl out of the ground and strive closer to the tender deciduous and flower buds fruit trees. Well, those who paint brush with chalk or fluffy lime found in cracks, they will remain there forever.

Lime solution for whitewashing tree trunks

The use of all the components listed below is strictly necessary - only such a composition will fully protect the bark of trees!

Compound

• Quicklime - 1 kg
• Water - up to 10 liters
• Dry mullein - 1 kg
• Copper sulfate - 200g
• Sifted clay - 300 g

Cooking steps

1. pour lime cold water. Cold is important: warm or hot will cause an incorrect extinguishing reaction. After an hour and a half, the process of extinguishing with heating of the mass will be completed.
2. Pour in, mix thoroughly
3. Pour dry powder of copper sulphate
4. Knead the sifted clay on a small amount of pre-cast mass of slaked lime, knead with a rake to the consistency of sour cream, pour into a common container
5. Leave the mixture to swell for 2-3 hours
6. After that you can use.

Before applying the lime composition to the trunks, if the treatment is carried out in the spring, walk along the bark with a hard propylene washcloth or a soft metal mesh for washing heavily soiled dishes. In this way, you will clean off old, dead or poorly adhered bark scales, under which some kind of garden pest is sure to lurk, access to which lime would be difficult for this scale.

It is possible to carry out deoxidation of the earth with lime both quick and slaked. Only in the first case, due to the high chemical activity of CaO, its amount is reduced by 3-4 times. The exact value making lime will help determine the tables.

For slaked lime:

For quicklime, the application rate of which is less:

Quicklime is brought in immediately after purchase, because its storage is problematic: the slightest amount of moisture in the air starts a chemical reaction of its quenching on these pieces.

Before use, the area should be cleaned of weeds, it is better to use herbicides.

It is unacceptable to do simultaneous fertilization and liming of the soil! Minerals in this case, they interact with the active components of calcium (organic origin) and dolomitic (mineral origin) limestones, with often unpredictable, but always harmful, consequences. And the manure introduced simultaneously with lime is generally completely neutralized by it!

An exception is the simultaneous use of hardwood ash with lime.

How to slake lime

The process of lime slaking and the process of transferring CaO to the slaked state of Ca(OH)2 occurs by pouring pieces of annealed lime with water in a ratio of approximately 1:2. Quenching is based on the reaction of quicklime and water with intense heat release. Quenching proceeds for about 30-40 minutes, depending on the freshness of quicklime, the absence of traces of reaction with moisture on its surface.

Lime properties and balance

Plants suffer from an excess of calcium. But its absence in the soil is even worse. Without it, hydrogen ions will not be retained in the soil, providing the correct pH for these plant species. The introduction of lime into the ground of the site can greatly, sometimes to critical values, reduce acidity. You can find out the pH of the earth in a garden or vegetable garden using a set of litmus papers, on the packaging of which you can find all the colors in which they are painted as the pH readings appear, or, which is the same thing, the measured acidity.

The table below shows the desired values ​​for various plants.

soil pH	Cultivated
6,0 – 7,0	Eggplant, zucchini, tomatoes. Beets, carrots, pumpkin, nutmeg melon, cucumbers, leeks, shallots, chives, spinach, rhubarb, chicory, kale, cauliflower, kohlrabi, radish.
5,0 – 6,0	Potato, sorrel, watermelon, parsnip
5,5 – 7,0	White cabbage, corn, garlic, pepper, peas, beans
7,0 – 7,8	Asparagus, parsley, onion, lettuce, celery, artichoke, cauliflower
4,0 – 5,0	Erica, heather, hydrangea
5,0 – 5,6	Juniper
5,0 – 6,0	Pine
6,0 – 7,0	Annuals and perennials planted for site decoration, lawn grasses, ornamental trees (thuja, bonsai). Cherry, plum.
5,5 – 7,0	Pear, apple, wild strawberry, strawberry
4,0 – 5,0	Raspberry, currant, gooseberry, cranberry, blueberry
7,0 – 7,8	Clematis, peony, delphinium
5,0 – 6,0	Phlox, lily
5,5 – 7,0	Rose, iris, carnations

For vegetables, the pH range ranges from slightly acidic to neutral. And we have to look for a compromise, which will be expressed in the desire to allow plants to fully assimilate nutrients, which is possible only on slightly acidic, up to a maximum of pH 5.5, soils. With such acidity, phosphorus is perfectly absorbed, without which the formation of a full-fledged root system, as well as iron, manganese, and boron, is unthinkable.

If you acidify the earth, bring the pH value to 4.0 - 3.5, instead of improving nutrition, plants will begin to refuse to absorb these microelements. But in a similar way, an alkaline environment with a pH above 7.0 affects crops! What used to be actively assimilated and promoted growth becomes inaccessible. Or, as in some species, hyperassimilation of these elements begins, so much so that the plants become toxic.

The Benefits of Calcium at Normal Acid Levels

• It activates nodule bacteria in legumes planted earlier on the site, releasing the nitrogenous compounds contained in them and enriching the soil with them.
• ensures the delivery of carbohydrates to the ripening parts of plants. Thus ensuring their taste, sugar content at the pot, carrots, beets, corn, etc.
• Strengthens, cements the walls of capillaries, through which nutrients enter all the vital organs of the plant
• When entered into compost heap promotes the binding of nitrogen and minerals into digestible organic compounds

The use of lime powder, fluff lime (a product of quicklime slaking), chalk or drywall (lake lime) can reduce the acidity by the desired number of steps. Doses of liming are determined when it is used on test plots of land with indicator (litmus) paper, soil probes and pH meters. These tools help determine acidity very accurately.

But there are error-free ways of non-hardware recognition of this parameter. One of the methods is by weeds living on and around the site.

The relationship of weed species with soil acidity

A weed that chooses soils with strong and medium acidification:

• Plantain
• Mint and peppermint
• horse sorrel
• sedge, heather
• Mosses of all kinds
• Ivan da Marya
• Lupine blue
• Highlander
• buttercup creeping
• wild mustard
• field mustard
• Poppy wild scarlet and yellow
• Fluffy Chistets
• Beans
• wheatgrass
• Quinoa
• Nettle
• Coltsfoot
• Wild field radish
• field bindweed
• Red clover and mountain clover
• China meadow
• Bodiak garden
• Soapweed officinalis
• Smolyovka drooping
• Chamomile

Focusing on weed species is useful when a gardener or farmer is just choosing a piece of virgin land or an abandoned farmstead, which allows you to estimate in your mind the possible costs and methods of reclamation.

And to make the definition “by eye” more accurate, remember this table-“cheat sheet”:

price

practicality

appearance

ease of manufacture

laboriousness in use

environmental friendliness

final grade

Quicklime is a substance known to almost everyone, which is in demand in various fields. It is indispensable in the production of concrete, mortar, binders, artificial stone, all kinds of details, etc.

Quicklime building lime is a white substance with a crystalline structure. Its formation occurs during the firing of chalk, dolomites, limestone and other minerals of the calcium-magnesium type. In this case, the proportion of impurities cannot be higher than 6-8%. AT general view the formula of the compound can be represented as CaO, although it contains magnesium oxides and other compounds.

In the photo, calcium oxide (quicklime)

The material is manufactured in accordance with the requirements of GOST 9179-77 under the name “Building lime. Specifications". It is made from carbonate rocks using additives of a mineral nature: quartz sand, blast furnace or electrothermophosphorus slag, etc.

According to the requirements of the state standard, it is necessary to grind to such a size that the residue after passing through a sieve No. 02 and No. 008 is not higher than 1.5% and 15%, respectively.

Quicklime is referred to the 2nd hazard class. Pure lime of the air type can have the 1st, 2nd and 3rd grade, with impurities - the 1st and 2nd grade. Hydrated lime has the 1st and 2nd grade.

Quicklime production

In the past, heat treatment of limestone was performed to form lime. AT last years this method is used less and less because the reaction releases carbon dioxide. An alternative method is the thermal decomposition of calcium salts containing oxygen.

The first stage is the extraction of limestone, which is carried out in a quarry. First, the rock is crushed, sorted, and then fired. Roasting is carried out in kilns, which can be rotary, shaft, floor or annular.

In most cases, shaft-type furnaces are used, which operate on gas, in bulk or with remote furnaces. The greatest savings are provided by devices that work in a bulk way on anthracite or lean coal. The volume of production with the help of such furnaces is around 100 tons per day. Their disadvantage is the high degree of fuel ash pollution.

You can get purer lime in a device with an external firebox that runs on wood, brown coal or peat, or in gas device. However, the power of such furnaces is much lower.

The highest quality is in the substance processed in a rotary kiln, but such mechanisms are used quite rarely. Ring and floor type furnaces have low power and require large volumes of fuel, so they are not installed at new enterprises.

Stages of lime production at the plant:

Varieties

Building lime is divided into two types: air and hydraulic. Air lime makes it possible to set concrete under normal conditions, and hydraulic lime makes it possible to set concrete in dry conditions and in the aquatic environment. Therefore, air lime is suitable for ground work, and hydraulic lime is suitable for the construction of bridge supports.

Based on the nuances of processing the burnt material, lime is isolated various kinds:

• lump lime It is made in the form of a mixture of pieces of different sizes. It consists mainly of oxides of calcium (the predominant part) and magnesium. Also, it may include aluminates, silicates and ferrites of magnesium or calcium, which are formed during firing, and calcium carbonate. It does not perform the function of an astringent ingredient.
• ground lime they are made by grinding lump lime, so their composition is almost identical. It is used in raw form. This avoids waste and accelerates hardening. Products made from it have excellent strength properties, they are water resistant and have a high density. To speed up the hardening process of the material, calcium chloride is added, and to slow down the hardening - sulfuric acid or plaster. This prevents the appearance of cracks after drying. Ground lime is transported in sealed containers made of paper or metal. It is allowed to store it no more than 10-15 days in dry conditions.
• Hydrated lime- a highly dispersed dry compound formed during lime slaking. It consists of calcium and magnesium hydroxides, calcium carbonate and other impurities.
• When a liquid is added in a volume that is enough for the oxides to turn into hydrates, a plastic mass is formed, which has the name lime test.

The most popular in use today are slaked and quicklime.

Photo of various types of quicklime

Lump quicklime Ground quicklime Lime dough

Areas of use

For many years lime cement was produced from quicklime. It freezes well in air, but absorbs a lot of moisture, which causes fungus to appear on the walls. Therefore, now quicklime is much less in demand in the construction industry than before. It is one of the components in the production of plaster materials, sand-lime bricks, slag concrete, paints, etc.

Lime can be used in winter period, because during quenching, heat is generated, which maintains the temperature of the mixture during the hardening period. You can not take it for the production of cement for finishing fireplaces and stoves, because under the influence of temperature it releases carbon dioxide.

Another area of ​​application for lime is Agriculture and gardening. It is well suited for the treatment of plants from pests, fertilizers acidic soils. Ground limestone is a raw material in the production of feed for livestock, feed for poultry.

With the help of quicklime, flue gases are neutralized and wastewater. It is also dyed various surfaces. The use of lime in the country and for vegetable gardens is very popular.

Quicklime is in demand even in the food industry. It is present in many products in the form of E-529 emulsifier. It is an ingredient that helps mix substances that are immiscible in nature (say, water and oil).

Application of quicklime:

Cancellation Rules

The quenching process occurs according to the formula:

CaO + H2O \u003d Ca (OH) 2 + 65.1 kJ.

Lime powder is diluted in water, which reacts with calcium (or magnesium) oxide. Hydroxide is formed and a copious release of heat occurs, causing the water to become steam. Water vapor loosens the mixture, and instead of lumps, a powder of a fine fraction is formed.

Lime, depending on the period of slaking, is of the following types:

1. quick-extinguishing (max. 8 minutes);
2. medium extinguishing (maximum in 25 minutes);
3. slow extinguishing (at least 25 minutes).

The extinguishing time is calculated from mixing with water until the temperature of the mixture stops increasing. Usually a specific time is indicated on the package.

With the help of quenching, you can make hydrated lime (which is called fluff) or lime dough. To get out, you need to pour 70-100% of water from its weight into lime. They usually do it in factories, in special hydrators.

To make lime dough, liquid and powder must be taken in a ratio of 3-4: 1. They do it mostly at the construction site. To make a plastic mass, it is kept for at least 2 weeks in a special pit.

What happens when lime is slaked

Scheme of lime slaking Heat release process

How to extinguish lime yourself

Quenching must be carried out according to the rules so that no metal oxides remain, otherwise the quality of the mixture will be much worse. To carry out complete extinguishing, at least a day is needed, preferably about 36 hours.

Procedure:

1. Pour lime into a container. Metal containers are allowed, but they must not be rusty.
2. Pour the powder with cold water at the rate of 1 liter (if fluff is being made) or 0.5 liters per 1 kg (if lime dough is being made).
3. Mix the mass. You need to stir it several times as soon as the formation of steam begins to decrease.

Remember:

• If the lime is slow-extinguishing, it is better to pour water in several stages.
• If the lime is medium or fast extinguishing, it must not be allowed to burn out. Water must be added to it until the formation of steam stops.
• If lime is used to whitewash the room, take 2 liters of water per 1 kg. Then more water is added to get the right consistency. The solution is defended for 48 hours and filtered. Apply it with a spray gun or brush.
• To whitewash trees, the proportion of water and powder should be 4:1. This solution also needs to be defended for two days before whitewashing.
• If lime was needed to spray plants from pests, the solution is mixed two hours before use. Pour in a lot of water and add copper sulfate.
• To reliably protect your eyes and skin when extinguishing, you need to wear goggles and long rubber gloves. Drops of slaked lime on the skin can cause severe burns. During the preparation of the mixture, do not bend over the container so that the water vapor does not cause burns.

The following video will tell about the features of the treatment of lime burns:

Pros and cons of the material

Advantages of quicklime over slaked lime:

1. no waste;
2. lower water absorption;
3. the possibility of working in the winter;
4. good level of strength;
5. wide scope.

The main disadvantage of quicklime is its danger to human health. Therefore, you should act carefully so that the particles do not get on the mucous membranes or in the lungs.

You need to work in a room that can be ventilated, and best of all - in an open space.

If it is not possible to ventilate the room, you should wear a respirator or a special bandage. And in order not to have to treat an eye burn, it is necessary to extinguish lime in goggles.

average cost

Now at least 26 specialized plants are engaged in obtaining quicklime in our country. Also, equipment for burning limestone is installed at many enterprises that produce cellular concrete and silicate brick.

The average price for quicklime varies within 3-5 thousand rubles. per ton.

Slaked lime (other names: calcium hydroxide, slaked lime, hydrated slaked lime) is obtained by the interaction of water and calcium oxide (quicklime). Quicklime - lumpy or ground is doused with water. From the ratio of the amount of water and quicklime, various mixtures can be obtained. If water is 60-80% of the amount of lime, we get fluff, by further dilution with water, lime dough and lime milk are obtained, respectively.

The process of obtaining slaked lime (dehydration)

The process of dehydration takes place on open areas or in special creations ( wooden box or just a hole). The rate of quenching can be different, in connection with this, there are types and slaked lime has the following characteristics:

• quick-extinguishing lime (about 8 minutes),
• medium extinguishing (about 25 minutes),
• slow extinguishing (over 25 minutes).

The process itself is accompanied by the release of heat, in order not to lower the temperature, water must be added gradually. Freshly slaked lime may contain residues of raw materials, they are reused, eventually disposed of.

The density of the resulting slaked lime can be adjusted by adding water by kneading. Stop adding water should be when the latter ceases to be absorbed by the solution.

The quantity directly depends on the quality of primary raw materials. The higher the quality, the higher the output. So from 1 kg of raw materials of the first grade, you can get more than 2 kg of lime dough, from second-class raw materials, the yield will be less.

Slaked lime storage

The solution is placed in a special pit, a twenty-centimeter layer of fine-grained sand is applied on top. In the cold season, in order to avoid freezing of the solution, an additional earthen layer (approximately 70 cm) is laid. The storage place is fenced with special marks and kept until the smallest particles are extinguished. The ingress of unslaked grains into the solutions is unacceptable, as they can provoke swelling of the coating.

Depending on the further use of slaked lime, the exposure time depends. For use in mortars and mixtures for masonry, a two-week exposure is sufficient, and for use in mortars for plastering, the exposure should be at least a month.

Application

The scope of slaked lime is quite extensive. It is used in the manufacture of fertilizers, water softeners, slaked lime for whitewashing, and even in dentistry. But as an excellent binding material, lime has found wide application in construction. Hydrated lime or lime paste is widely used as an additive in building mixtures, as it has properties that can fight fungus and mold, and is also an excellent means of protection against pests (rodents and insects).

Unlike quicklime (boilers), slaked lime in the dough has a very long term storage, and the longer it is stored, the better the quality indicators become.
Almost all mortars are made on the basis of sand and water with the addition of various additional components. Lime mortars are prepared in the same way, only with the addition of slaked lime.

The process of preparing lime mortar is simple - water is added and sifted sand is gradually introduced with constant stirring. It is desirable to pass the resulting solution through a sieve to screen out foreign fractions and for greater uniformity. Due to the fact that pure lime mortar hardens for a long time, gypsum or cement is added to it.

Lime has been widely used since ancient times, currently mortars with lime are widely used in the construction of agricultural buildings, in the construction country houses, and just as a whitewash. This is due to the low cost of such solutions.