The dry-pipe fire extinguishing system is one of the most effective and widespread fire extinguishing systems ( automatic installation firefighting). Such structures include drencher installations. A lot of dry-pipe sprinkler systems have been developed, which indicates a high demand for AFS with such technical and operational characteristics. This is due to a whole list of advantages of dry pipe fire extinguishing systems.

Advantages and disadvantages

• The main advantage of the dry pipe system is the ease of installation, which guarantees reliability and simplicity in operation and maintenance;
• Availability and relatively low cost of the main components and executive units, ease of installation;
• Due to its main feature - dry pipes, the working part of the system can be mounted in unheated premises and operate with negative temperatures;
• , which is expressed not only in prompt response and effective impact directly on the source of fire, but also in the creation of an irrigation zone throughout the controlled area. This prevents the spread of not only fire, but also combustion products - smoke, toxic gases, soot, and a critical increase in temperature.

The main disadvantages of dry pipe AUP include:

• Unreasonably excessive consumption of water or foam;
• High irrigation intensity, which leads to an increase in the cost of restoring water-damaged premises and damaged property.

Varieties and principle of operation

Dry pipe systems can include both deluge and special designs.

Deluge installations

A special feature is the use of special spray nozzles - drenchers in the network of irrigation pipelines.

They may have different shape and intended to be extinguished with water or foam, but they all have one thing in common - the absence of a thermal lock. Nothing prevents the passage of the water flow from the pipeline into the fire extinguishing zone. The initiation of the process of eliminating the source of fire is undertaken by the built-in system fire alarm, smoke, fire, temperature detectors. Open sprinkler heads can be mounted vertically or at an angle or have a reflective plane that forms a jet of fine water, turning its shape from a dome to a plane. This effect has found its way into water curtains, which are widely used to prevent the spread of fire.

Elements of fire extinguishing systems are mounted above door, window or open arched openings. After actuation, jets of finely dispersed water of a special shape isolate the burning room, keeping smoke and toxic combustion products in it, at the same time, such curtains do not prevent the evacuation of personnel, like airlocks in gas installations.

The principle of operation of a dry pipe fire extinguishing system depends on the type of motive mechanism of such an installation. There are several most common types:

The dry pipe sprinkler system operates on the same principle. But there is compressed gas in the incentive pipeline. This significantly expands the scope of installations.

sprinkler installations

Irrigation nozzles have fusible fuses that prevent the bleeding of gas that fills the working pipeline of the dry pipe system. The main actuator of a dry-pipe sprinkler fire extinguishing system is a dry-pipe water alarm valve:

• The valve and its piping are designed in such a way that a small pressure in the working pipeline allows you to contain a higher water pressure in the transport one. After ignition, the temperature fusible lock is destroyed and several sprinklers in the fire zone begin to bleed air or inert gas. When the pressure reaches a critical value, the dry pipe valve releases the water supply.
• Such an installation combines the advantages of sprinkler and deluge systems. Firstly, the supply of water or foam is carried out exclusively in the fire zone. Outside of it, the surviving sprinklers block the flow of OM. Secondly, such an installation can be operated at negative temperatures.

There are some drawbacks - the response time to a fire has increased significantly.

Application area

The most common installations with dry-pipe working systems are at facilities with an increased risk of fires, which have large areas or large rooms of complex configuration. Such installations, after being triggered, begin to irrigate the entire controlled area, preventing the spread of fire. Activation can be automatic on a fire alarm or manually from a remote or central control panel.

Competent design and placement of working pipelines allows you to effectively extinguish a fire of any complexity. Installations do not require complex systematic maintenance. Repair of individual components cannot affect the performance of the installation as a whole.

Modern dry-pipe systems are equipped with open nozzles for finely dispersed water spraying, which not only reduces the consumption of RH for fire extinguishing, but also minimizes the damage from the influence of water on the premises and the material values ​​located there. At the same time, the efficiency of work and the speed of eliminating the source of ignition does not decrease.

The main executive elements of the system

1. deluge valve
2. Central shut-off valve;
3. Bypass valve for filling the membrane chamber;
4. Control panel for manual start of the system;
5. Shut-off valve (automatically triggered by pressure changes in the membrane chamber);
6. Drain valve;
7. Pressure detector with signaling device;
8. Siren with hydraulic drive;
9. Installation control controller;
10. Opening deluge sprinklers;
11. Smoke detectors of the fire alarm system;
12. Solenoid actuating valve - electric start of the unit.

- this is a collective name under which various AUPs are combined. But they all have common feature- the working pipeline of such installations is not filled with water, which allows the use of installations at low temperatures.

Good day to all regular Readers of our site and colleagues in the shop! The topic of our article today is the normative colors of the pipeline. The purpose of the topic is how to accurately determine the color in which the pipeline should be painted. various systems, depending on the purpose of this pipeline.

In the list engineering systems buildings and structures, quite often, there are systems such as fire water supply, deluge or sprinkler fire extinguishing systems, gas or aerosol fire extinguishing systems. The listed systems include pipelines that supply fire extinguishing agents to the site of the fire. Pipelines are often located under the ceiling, often in the ceiling space, and it would be impossible to determine which pipe in the mass of the pipeline from which system if the pipes were not marked. These same pipelines must be painted in the signal colors defined by GOST, in order to be able to determine in advance which pipe is which substance - water, gas, compressed air or a pipe - just a dry pipe. Specific regulatory colors for the pipeline are provided for in GOST 14202-69 "Pipelines industrial enterprises. Identification painting, warning signs and labels. You can download the document in full on our website in the library of the standard-setter, as usual for free and without any SMS, simply by clicking on the link. The document is valid, although it has been put into effect since 1971, i.e. Even under the Soviet Union, a reference to this GOST exists in the list of regulatory references in the codes of practice (in particular, SP5.13130-2009), and fire inspectors often pay attention to the execution of this document.

The essence of the GOST requirements is the normative colors of the pipeline, warning signs, marking plates of pipelines. GOST establishes the following ten enlarged groups of substances and color, depending on these substances:

1. Water - green
2. Steam - Red
3. Air - blue
4. yellow
5. Combustible gases (including liquefied gases) – yellow
6. Acids - Orange
7. Alkalis - purple
8. Flammable liquids - Brown
9. Non-flammable liquids - Brown
10. Other substances - Gray

In addition to the fact that the normative colors of the pipeline coloring have been determined, to designate substances in pipelines that are the most dangerous in terms of their impact on humans, the application of color rings to the pipeline of the following list and the following colors is additionally applied:

1. Flammability, flammability and explosion hazard - Red
2. Hazard or harmfulness (poison, toxicity, choking, burns, radioactivity, high pressure or deep vacuum) yellow
3. Security or neutrality - green

The number of applied rings is limited from one to three, depending on the degree of danger of the substance (the more harmful, the more rings). In addition, in some cases, stipulated by GOST, the pipeline is additionally marked with triangular warning signs and labels.

There are ready-made overlays for the pipeline on sale that are convenient to use for marking purposes in the following form, which does not actually exclude, but complements the normative colors of the pipeline:

In addition, paragraph 5 of the above GOST 14202-69 reads verbatim as follows:

5. Fire-fighting pipelines, regardless of their contents (water, foam, steam for extinguishing a fire, etc.), sprinkler and deluge systems in the areas of shut-off and control valves and in places where hoses are connected, etc. fire extinguishing devices must be painted red ( signal).

Refer to the form of the given norm Special attention, since many installation companies, without carefully reading the above paragraph, simply paint the entire pipe red, since the pipeline is part of fire fighting systems. This is not correct - red color is only in places stop valves and fire hose connections. In other places, the normative colors of the pipeline, in accordance with GOST, are given above.

On this, I conclude the article “normative colors of the pipeline coloring”, I will be glad if in this article you have learned some useful information. I allow copying an article for placement on other resources on the Internet only if all the links to our site listed below are preserved, I suggest that you familiarize yourself with other articles of our blog using the links:

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STATE COMMITTEE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION ON STATE RESERVES

MINISTRY OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION STATE FIRE SERVICE

SET OF RULES

FOR THE DESIGN OF FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS FOR TANK FARMS OF THE STATE RESERVE OF RUSSIA

SP 21-104-98

Moscow 1998

Developed VNIIPO Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia

Submitted and prepared for approval and approval by the State Reserve Committee of Russia

Introduced from 11/13/1998

Introduced for the first time

Code of rules for designing fire protection systems for tank farms of the State Committee for Reserves of Russia - M:, 1998, 28 p.

The set of rules contains requirements for the design of fire protection systems for surface vertical steel tanks (RVS) at the facilities of the State Committee for Reserve of Russia and applies to facilities being designed and reconstructed.

These rules do not apply to:

tanks with pontoons and floating roofs;

warehouses for liquefied hydrocarbon gases;

underground storage facilities for petroleum products constructed by geotechnological and mining methods in massifs impervious to these products rocks, and ice-ground storages for oil products;

warehouses of synthetic fat substitutes;

underground metal and reinforced concrete tanks.

With the release of this Code of Rules, the “Guidelines for the design and operation of an UPPS-type installation for extinguishing oil fires in ground tanks” become invalid. M. : TsNIIPO, 1968 - 35 p.

The set of rules is intended for engineering and technical workers involved in the design and operation of fire extinguishing installations in tank farms of the State Reserve Committee of Russia, and fire protection workers.

Il. 6, table 7, appendix 3.

1. General Provisions

1.1. SP 21-104-98 was developed to develop, supplement and clarify the requirements of SNiP 2.11.03-93 "Oil and oil products warehouses. Fire safety standards" taking into account the specifics of the operation of tank farms at the facilities of the State Reserve Committee of Russia.

1.2. In accordance with SNiP 10-01-94 "The system of regulatory documents in construction. Basic provisions" SPxxx98 is a departmental document for the design, reconstruction and technical re-equipment of fire extinguishing systems in tank farms at the facilities of the State Reserve Committee of Russia.

1.3. When designing fire extinguishing systems for newly constructed and reconstructed tank farms, requirements not specified in SP 21-104-98 must be adopted in accordance with other regulatory documents in force in Russia.

1.4. To protect tank farms, fire extinguishing systems should be provided with medium expansion foam supplied to the surface of a combustible liquid, and low expansion foam supplied to the oil product layer or to its surface.

1.5 Design and reconstruction of fire extinguishing systems should be carried out taking into account the requirements of this Code of Rules ... and SNiP 2.11.03-93 "Oil and oil products warehouses. Fire safety standards".

1.6. Tanks with a nominal volume of 5000 m and more should be equipped with stationary foam fire extinguishing systems with non-automatic start (SSPT).

1.7. Tanks with a nominal volume of 5000 m3 or more used to provide services to third parties must be equipped with automatic fire extinguishing systems in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.11.03-93 "Oil and oil products storage facilities. Fire safety standards".

1.8. For ground tanks with a nominal volume of less than 5000 m 3, it is allowed to provide foam fire extinguishing systems using mobile fire equipment (SPT).

2. Requirements for foam fire extinguishing systems of ground vertical steel tanks

2.1. For vertical steel tanks (RVS) with a fixed roof, stationary fire extinguishing systems (SPTS) and fire extinguishing systems from mobile equipment (SPT) should be used.

2.2. Stationary fire extinguishing system with non-automatic start (SSPT) consists of pumping station, water and foam concentrate tanks, high-pressure foam generators for producing low expansion foam, remotely operated gate valves, a check valve (when designing an underlayer system), dosing equipment, pipelines for supplying a foam concentrate solution to foam generators, foam pipelines for introducing foam into a tank and automation equipment .

The SSPT valve at the tank wall ("root") must be equipped with a remote drive.

It is allowed to carry out the "root" valve, in agreement with the territorial divisions of the fire department, with a manual drive. In this case, it should be open.

Schematic diagram of the SSPT is shown in fig. 1 (Appendix 1).

2.3. The STP fire extinguishing system using mobile fire equipment to supply foam to the tanks consists of a foam pipeline brought out of the embankment and equipped with connecting heads for connecting fire hoses, a check valve (when designing an underlayer system), a high-pressure foam generator, valves. circuit diagram SPT is shown in fig. 2 (Annex I).

2.4. Extinguishing of tanks intended for the storage of viscous petroleum products (oils, fuel oils), with a nominal volume of 3000 m 3 or less, is provided from mobile fire equipment.

2.5. Elements of the UPPS-23 and UPPS-46 units, mounted on operated tanks with light oil products with a volume of 5000 m 3 or more, are allowed to be used in the design of SPTS with low expansion foam supply under the oil product layer.

The valve opening assembly and the valve itself must be dismantled. A schematic diagram of foam supply to a tank equipped with a stationary part of the HIPS is shown in fig. 3 (Annex 1).

2.6. The estimated fire extinguishing area in ground tanks with a fixed roof is taken equal area horizontal section of the tank.

2.7. The normative intensity of the supply of a foaming agent solution when extinguishing oil products with medium or low expansion foam is taken from Table. 1. and table 2.

Table 1

Normative rates of supply of medium expansion foam for extinguishing fires in tanks

Type of oil product	Normative intensity of solution supply foaming agent, l m -2 s -1
	Foretol, Universal, Sublayer	PO-ZAI, TEAS.PO-ZNP, PO-6TS6, PO-6NP
Oil products with Tdsp 28° From and below	0,05	0,08
Petroleum products with Tvsp over 28° FROM	0,05	0,05

table 2

Normative intensity of low expansion foam supply for extinguishing fires of oil products in tanks

Type of oil product	Regulatory intensity of the foam solution supply, l m -2 s -1 .
	Fluorosynthetic foam concentrates Foretol, Underlayer Universal		Fluorosynthetic foam concentrates RS-206 Hydral		Fluoroprotein foaming agents Petrofilm
	on the surface	into layer	to the surface	To layer	to the surface	into layer
1. Gasoline	0,08	0,12	0.08	0,10	0,08	0,10
2 Oil and oil products with Tvsp 28°C and below	0,08	0,10	0.08	0.10	0,08	0.10
3 Oil and oil products with Tfsp over 28°С	0,06	0,08	0,05	0,08	0,06	0,08

2.8. The estimated time for extinguishing oil products in tanks with foam using SPTS and SPTS (when foam is supplied to the product layer) is 10 minutes.

When using SPT with medium or low expansion foam supply to the surface of a flammable liquid, as well as when foam is supplied using monitors or foam lifters, the estimated extinguishing time should be taken as 15 minutes.

2.9. The estimated time for the duration of cooling of ground tanks (burning and adjacent to it) should be taken;

when extinguishing with the help of SSPT - 4 hours;

when extinguishing with the help of SPT - 6 hours.

2.10. When designing fire extinguishing systems, equipment and devices that are mass-produced by the industry or that have passed interdepartmental tests and confirmed by relevant acts should be used.

The use of imported equipment must be confirmed by certificates of conformity and fire safety.

3. Pumping fire fighting

3.1. The fire extinguishing pumping station should be designed common for the entire oil products warehouse.

The fire extinguishing pumping station includes: pumps for supplying a solution of foam concentrate and water for fire extinguishing, containers with a foam concentrate, dosing devices, starting devices for electric motors, a control panel. Pumps for water supply can be placed in other rooms.

3.2. Fire fighting pumping stations should:

provide uninterrupted power supply from two independent sources;

place in a separate building or in an independent separate room, separated from adjacent rooms by blank fireproof walls and a ceiling with a fire resistance limit of at least 1.5 hours with direct access to the outside;

equip a light panel "fire extinguishing station", which is located on the front door.

Reliability of the foam extinguishing pumping station can be ensured by technological redundancy (installation of standby fire pumps with autonomous diesel drive). At the same time, it is recommended to provide a diesel power plant of the appropriate capacity to power the automation and signaling equipment.

3.4. The start-up of the pumps of the main water feeder and metering pumps for the preparation of a foam concentrate solution should be carried out remotely from the control room of the guardhouse of the departmental paramilitary guards (VVO) and locally switched on (from the pump building).

3.5. In order to increase the reliability of operation, pumps, as a rule, should be under the bay. In the case when the installation of pumps under the bay is impossible or involves significant difficulties, it is allowed to use vacuum pumps. In this case, automatic switching on and off of vacuum pumps should be provided.

3.6. For dry-pipe systems with electric valves on the discharge pipelines, the control panel of the pumping station should be provided with devices that ensure the automatic opening of these valves after the start of the electric motor of the main or standby pump, as well as their closing when none of the pumps is running.

3.7. Schematic diagrams of equipment for fire pump stations with the supply of a foam concentrate to the pressure and suction lines of water pumps are shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 (Appendix 1).

4. Requirements for the dosage and storage of the foaming agent

4.1. When designing fire extinguishing systems using low expansion foam, domestic foam concentrates such as "Foretol", "Universal" or foreign certified foam concentrates should be used. According to the conditions of their use and storage, recommendations should be developed, agreed and approved in the prescribed manner.

The main characteristics of some fluorine-containing foam concentrates are given in Appendix 2.

4.2. Storage of fluorinated foam concentrates for SSPT (SPT) should be provided in a concentrated form in accordance with the current specifications for foam concentrates.

4.3. Water for preparation of the foaming agent solution should not contain impurities of oil and oil products.

To obtain a solution from domestic foaming agents, it is forbidden to use water with a hardness of more than 30 mg-eq / l.

4.4. The stock of foaming agent and water for the preparation of a foaming agent solution for SSPT should be taken from the condition of ensuring a three-fold margin for one fire (counting from the highest consumption per tank), taking into account the filling of mortar pipelines.

The facility must have a 100% reserve of foam concentrate that can be used for mobile fire fighting equipment. Separate storage of the foam concentrate reserve from the main reserve is allowed.

Estimated reserves of foaming agent and water for its preparation for SSP are presented in Table. 1-3 applications 3.

4.5. Foam tanks for mobile fire fighting equipment should generally be installed indoors. It is allowed to install these tanks outdoors with car entrances, provided that they maintain temperatures corresponding to specifications storage of foam concentrates.

Tanks with a foaming agent should be equipped with devices for refueling fire equipment. Refueling time for fire fighting equipment should not exceed 5 minutes.

4.6. Automatic dosing of the foaming agent into the pressure or suction lines should be carried out by dosing pumps.

4.7. The number and type of dosing devices should be selected depending on the selected switching scheme, design and their technical specifications.

4.8. The foaming agent supply line from the tank to the pipeline should have the shortest possible length and the minimum number of bends.

The piping from the fluorinated foam concentrate tank to the shut-off valve must be stainless steel.

For the reliability of the dosing system, technological redundancy is provided (installation of a backup dosing pump).

4.9. The dosage of the foaming agent is carried out in a mixing chamber installed on the water supply line. The foaming agent must be supplied to the mixing chamber at a pressure exceeding the water pressure by at least 0.05 MPa.

4.10. When protecting tanks that require different amounts of foam concentrate solution, the pressure line of the dosing pumps is branched according to the number of different values ​​​​of the required flow rates, and a flow (calibration) washer and a valve with an electric drive in front of it are installed on each branch. After the flow washer, it is necessary to install a check valve (Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, Appendix 1).

4.11. Dosing of the foam concentrate supplied to the suction line is provided by means of control valves or consumable washers. The diameters of the openings of the consumable washers are calculated based on the provision of the required concentration at a given flow rate of the foam concentrate. The diameters of the openings of the consumable washers are given in Table 4 of Appendix 3.

5. Fire alarm and plant automation

5.1. Tanks with a nominal volume of 5000 m 3 or more should be equipped with a fire alarm.

5.2. Fire alarm control and reception devices are installed in a room with round-the-clock stay of people (control room of the guard room of the VVO).

In the absence of round-the-clock control over the operation of the fire alarm, it is necessary to provide for the automatic start of the fire extinguishing system.

5.3. When choosing sensors, one should take into account the inadmissibility of their false operation when exposed to environment: temperature, humidity, pressure, electromagnetic fields, direct and reflected sunlight, electric lighting, dust, chemical exposure.

5.4. Heat detectors must be selected and installed taking into account the requirements of SNiP 2.04.09-84. It is allowed to use infrared radiation sensors or light sensors. Sensors should be installed according to their technical specifications and design features of the protected object.

5.5. Remote launch of the SSPT is carried out by the dispatcher on duty when a signal is received from at least 2 fire alarm sensors installed on the tank on different loops. When a fire signal is received from one or more sensors, the corresponding digital indication should light up on the control panel, indicating the location of the sensor (sensors), and an audible signal should be given.

5.6. The foam control system must be equipped with devices:

remote (from the control room of the guard room of the VVO), and local (from the pump house) switching on the pumps for supplying the foam concentrate solution;

automation of the bay of fire pumps;

automatic dosing of the amount of foaming agent;

automatic and remote opening of electric locking devices in the system for supplying the foam concentrate solution to the protected object and locking devices in the water supply system;

automatic light and sound signaling of a fire;

signaling of limit levels in the tank with a foaming agent.

5.7. Control schemes for pumps and locking devices in SSPT should provide for the possibility of automatic, remote and local control.

5.8. On the control panel of the fire extinguishing pumping station, the following should be provided:

control devices for water pumps and dosing pumps; switches for control methods of each pump to the positions: local control from the main water feeder, disabled, remote control in main mode, remote control in standby mode;

turning off the pump with the local "Stop" button at any position of the switch of control methods;

devices for remote activation of standby pumps;

signal indicators of a malfunction of each of the pumps, an unacceptable decrease in the level in the tank with a foam concentrate and in a water reserve tank (selectively), an unacceptable decrease in pressure in the water supply network, the presence of voltage in the control panel, lack of voltage at the inputs of the power supply system.

5.9. The sound signaling scheme should provide for the possibility of canceling the sound signal by the person on duty and re-enabling it when another emergency occurs, as well as the possibility of checking it.

5.10. Power supply and automation networks must be carried out in accordance with the current Rules for the installation of electrical installations.

6. External networks and structures of the SSPT and SPTS. Foaming equipment.

6.1. SSPT pipelines for supplying a foaming agent solution should be provided in the form of dry pipes.

6.2. SSPT pipelines should be designed with underground or outdoor laying.

6.3. When laying underground dry pipes, SSPT should be laid to a depth of at least 0.5 m below the freezing depth of the soil.

When laying dry pipes outdoors, measures must be taken to prevent the foam solution from freezing in them.

The possibility of using a dry pipe system must be confirmed by calculations for the non-freezing of the foam concentrate solution.

6.4. During the winter period at low temperatures outside air, in order to avoid freezing of the solution in the dry pipes at the time of starting the SSPT, it is necessary to ensure their rapid heating above 0 ° C. This can be achieved with various technical solutions:

the use of a "heat tracing" in the head part of the water flow (foaming agent solution) when filling dry pipes;

gaskets with pipelines of fire extinguishing and cooling systems along the entire ring of heat exchangers with hot water or ferry;

heating of dry pipes of SSPT and cooling system using electric tape heaters.

Other technical solutions are also allowed.

6.5. For faster and more complete emptying of pipelines from the foaming agent solution and water, after operation or testing, in order to avoid defrosting of the SSPT system on dry pipes, it is necessary to install taps to be able to connect a mobile air compressor supplying heated air.

6.6. The introduction of foam into the combustible liquid layer should be carried out, as a rule, through the lower belt of the side walls of the tank at a mark above the possible level of produced water. Foam injection points (nozzles) should be evenly spaced around the tank perimeter. The foam inlet nozzle, valve and foam lines must be supported on supports without transferring the load to the tank wall.

6.7. On operating tanks equipped with UPPS units (PS-UYUTS-46.02.00), it is allowed not to provide additional tie-ins for subsurface extinguishing systems, if at least 2 and 3- x low expansion foam bushings. At the same time, with outer side tank on the foam line, it is necessary to provide a mounting insert with a length of 1.5 - 2.0 meters (Fig. 3, Appendix 1).

The number of injections of low expansion foam into tanks not equipped with HIPS units should be;

RVS - 5000 m 3 - at least 2;

RVS - 10000 m 3 - at least 3,

RVS - 20000 m 3 - at least 4;

6.8. Connection of SSPT foam pipelines to stationary parts of HIPS units on operating tanks and installation of equipment should be carried out in strict accordance with technological regulations during scheduled preventive maintenance of tanks.

6.9. The choice of foam pipeline diameters should be carried out based on the condition for ensuring sufficient foam pressure at the inlet to the tank, taking into account pressure losses due to local resistance of the check valve and gate valves, changes in the flow area and direction of the foam pipeline, linear losses of the foam pipeline during foam transportation, the level of oil spill in the tank, etc. .d.

6.10. The installation height of the foam generators is determined by the ease of maintenance.

6.11. Foam generators must be protected from sand and precipitation.

6.12. In winter, it is necessary to provide for measures to prevent the ingress of bottom water into the foam pipelines of the SSP (SP).

6.13. To reduce pressure losses due to local resistances in the direction of foam movement, sharp turns, changes in the profile of pipelines, and sharp edges should be avoided. If necessary, the angle of rotation should be smooth and not less than 90°.

6.14. The pressure at foam generators should be taken as a calculation depending on the viscosity of the oil product, the length of the foam line, the level of the overflow, the pressure conversion factor, taking into account NPB 61-97 " fire fighting equipment. Foam fire extinguishing installations. Low-expansion foam generators for under-layer firefighting of tanks. General technical requirements".

Determination of the estimated costs of extinguishing agents for tanks of the RVS type should be carried out in accordance with Appendix 3.

6.15. The end section of the foam line input node of the newly designed fire extinguishing system should be made in the form of a T-shaped connection with the same inner diameter (Fig. 1 Appendix 1).

6.16. When applying foam to the surface of the oil product, it is necessary to ensure the direction of foam movement in accordance with option 1 or option 2 (Fig. 6 Appendix 1).

Foam nozzles for delivery to upper belt reservoir are shown in fig. 6 (Annex 1).

6.17. On the mortar pipelines of the SSPT in front of the foam generators, branches with valves and connecting heads should be provided for connecting mobile fire fighting equipment. In the standby mode of operation, the inputs must be closed with plugs and sealed.

6.18. In SSPT and SPTS foam pipelines located in a dike, flange connections with non-combustible gaskets should be provided.

6.19. "Root" valves of subsurface fire extinguishing systems installed at the tank and check valves must have a steel body. According to the degree of tightness, "root" valves must be of the 1st class.

6.20. In the places where the supply pipelines are connected to the general network, drain valves should be provided after the shut-off devices to check

tightness of locking devices and emptying of supply pipelines in winter.

6.21. Before the "root" valve, it is necessary to provide a drain pipe with a plug for flushing the foam generators and dry pipes with water after the SSPT is activated.

6.22. Dry pipes should be laid with a slope of at least 0.001 to drainage device. With flat terrain, the slope can be reduced to 0.0005.

6.23. Dividing valves on the annular mortar pipeline should be installed in such a way that when any section is turned off, it remains possible to supply foam to all protected objects through one or two dry pipes (inputs to protected objects).

6.24. Welding of pipelines, their laying, fastening on supports and pressure testing are carried out according to the normative and technical documentation of design organizations.

When welding pipelines for supplying the solution to the foam generators of the GNP and foam pipelines to the tanks, it is necessary to ensure the position of the shut-off and control valves, respectively technical requirements their work ( check valve on the foam piping must be horizontal, with the cap up).

The corresponding requirements are achieved by the necessary orientation of the flanges before they are welded to the pipelines.

6.25. Water storage tanks intended for fire extinguishing and cooling of ground tanks may be reinforced concrete or metal, both underground and above ground.

Water storage tanks must be equipped with devices for water intake by mobile fire fighting equipment.

6.26. When storing water in above-ground tanks, depending on climatic conditions, it is necessary to provide measures against freezing of water.

6.27. The joint storage of water for drinking needs and water for the preparation of a foam concentrate solution is prohibited.

6.28. Tanks for water, foam concentrate should be equipped with alarm sensors:

upper level (reservoir full);

emergency level (as a result of leaks, the standard volume remains and the reservoir needs to be replenished);

lower level (tank empty, fire pump needs to be turned off).

7. Fire equipment and fire-technical equipment

7.1. When determining the number of personnel and technical equipment of the departmental fire department at the facility, one should be guided by NPB 201 - 96 " fire protection enterprises. General requirements". Fire equipment and equipment must be kept in heated rooms.

7.2. To extinguish fires in tanks at each oil depot, it is advisable to have foam monitors that ensure the supply of the calculated consumption of foam funds due to bunding into the tank.

ATTACHMENT 1

Principal technological schemes of fire extinguishing systems and their individual units

Rice. 1. Schematic diagram stationary system under-layer extinguishing of fires of flammable liquids in tanks (SSPT)

1 - dry pipe SSPT; 2, 5 - electric valves; 3 - branching for connecting mobile fire equipment; 4 - high-pressure foam generator with a mixer-dispenser and a protective cover; 6 - check valve; 7 - dike; 8 - foam line; 9-valve; 10 - foamy; 11 - supports; 12 - drain pipe.

Fig.12. Schematic diagram of extinguishing fires with flammable liquids in tanks in the underlayer method from mobile fire equipment.

1 - branching for connecting mobile fire equipment; 2 - high-pressure foam generator with a mixer-dispenser and a protective cover; 3, 8 - valves; 4 - check valve; 5 - embankment; 6 - foam line; 7 - mounting insert; 9- froth; 10 - supports; 11 - drain pipe.

Rice. 3. Schematic diagram of foam supply to a tank equipped with HIPS

1 - dry pipe SSPT; 2 - electric valves; 3 - branching for connecting mobile fire equipment; 4 - high-pressure foam generator with a mixer-dispenser and a protective casing; 5 - check valve; 6 - embankment; 7 - foam line; 8 - root valve; 9 - plug.

Rice. 4 Schematic diagram of a fire pumping station with the supply of a foam concentrate (PO) to the pressure line of water pumps.

1 - pump for supplying software; 2 - pump for water supply; 3-safety valve; 4 - capacity for software; 5 - water supply line (from the water feeder); 6 - dosing washers for costs Q1 . and Q 2 ; 7 - adjustable valves for expenses Q1 . and Q 2 ; 8 - check valve;9 - gate valve with electric drive.

Rice. Fig. 5. Schematic diagram of a fire pumping station with a foam concentrate (PS) supply to the suction line of water pumps.

1 - pump for filed software; 2 - pump for water supply; 3 - safety valve; 4 - capacity for software; 5 - water supply line (from the water feeder); 6 - dosing washers for costs Q1 . and Q 2 ; 7- adjustable valves at costs Q1 . and Q 2 ; 8 - check valve; 9 - gate valve with electric drive.

a) fixed roof tanks

Option 1

b) tanks with a pontoon

Fig. 6. Foam nozzles for low expansion foam supply and the top belt of the tank.

APPENDIX 2

Specifications for some foam concentrates

Indicators	PO-6NP	PO-ZAI	PO-ZNP	TEAS	PO-6TS	Foretol	Universal	RS-203 RS-206	"Petrofilm"
Density at 20 0 C, kg * m -3, not less than	1,01-1,1 10 3	1,02-10 3	1,1-10 3	1,0 10 3	1.0-1.2 10 3	1.1-10 3	1,3-10 3	1,03-10 3	1,13-10 3
Kinematic viscosity at 20 0 C, mm -2 * s -1, no more									52,1
Pour point, °С, not higher than minus
Storage temperature, °С	5 - +40	5-+40	5 -+40	5-+40	5-+40	2 -+25	5-+25	15+25	15-+25
Hydrogen index, pH	7,0-10,0	8,0-10,0	7.5-10,5	7,0-9,0	7.8-10,0	5,5-7,0	6.5-9.0
Working solution concentration, % vol								3 or 6	3 or 6
Warranty shelf life, at least, years								over 10 years	over 10 years
biodegradability	b/m	b/m	b/m	b/m	b/m	b/w	b/w	b/w	b/m

APPENDIX 3

Estimated costs extinguishing agents in RVS tanks

Table 1

Determination of the calculated flow rate of the foaming agent solution, the type and amount of HNP for extinguishing fires in tanks with low expansion foam

tank type	Fuel surface area, m2	Estimated consumption of PO solution, l (s m2). Type and number of GNP, pcs
		PO solution supply intensity, l (s m2)
		0,05-0,06		0,08		0,12
RVS-1000		12 1 GNP-12		12 1GNP-12	12 1GNP-12	24 2GNP-12
RVS-2000		12 1GNP-12		24 2GNP-12	24 2GNP-12	24 2GNP-12
RVS-3000		24 2GNP-12		24 2GNP-12	36 ZGNP-12	36 ZGNP-12
RVS-5000		24 2GNP-12		36 2GNP-23	36 2GNP-23	46 2GNP-23
RVS-5000		24 2GNP-12		36 2GNP-23	46 2GNP-23	46 2GNP-23
RVS-10000		46 ZGNP-23		58 ZGNP-23	69 ZGNP-23	92 1GNP-46 2GNP-23
RVS-10000			58 ZGNP-23	92 1 GNP-46 2 GNP-23	92 1 GNP-46 2 GNP-23	115 2 GNP-46 1 GNP-23
RVS-20000	1250		92 4GNP-23	104 3 GNP-23 1 GNP-46	138 2 GNP-46 2 GNP-23	150 3 GNP-46 1 GNP-23
RVS-20000	1632		104 3 GNP-23 1GNP-46	138 2 GNP-46 2 GNP-23	184 4 GNP-46	196 4 GNP-46 1GNP-12

Note: In the numerator of the fraction, the estimated consumption of the foaming agent solution is given, and in the denominator, the type and amount of HNP at the estimated fire extinguishing time.

table 2

Determination of the required flow rate, the stock of foaming agent and water for the preparation of the solution, depending on the estimated flow rate of the solution and the concentration of the foaming agent (3%, 6%)

Consumption	Estimated software costs ( Q on). water (Qn 2 o), stock of software (Wpo) and water stock (Wn 2 o) taking into account the estimated extinguishing time
foam generator	Foam concentrate concentration in solution, %
tori by
solution, l/s
12,0
24.0
36,0

The dry pipe riser is a pipeline that is not filled with a fire extinguishing agent and is under the influence of atmospheric pressure.

The dry piping system is a mandatory component of fixed fire extinguishing installations for transformers, cable rooms and reactors.

Dry pipe is a complex horizontal pipes on which deluge sprinklers and locking devices are located. Vertical conduits from the pumping station or water tanks are connected to the valves.

The number of locking devices is determined by the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room and the length of the dry pipe. Dry pipeline is most often placed under the ceiling. When a fire occurs, the valves open (automatically or manually) and water enters the sprinklers to fight the fire.

If necessary, a fire hose is connected to the head of the dry pipe, which is located outside the building at a height of 1.35 m. It is supplied with water from a fire truck or hydrant.

The diameter of the dry pipe for residential and public buildings is 65 mm, for high-rise buildings - 80 mm. The pipe material is steel with an internal anti-corrosion coating.

The use of an external dry pipe

A dry pipeline with deluge sprinklers is a convenient and cost-effective means of extinguishing a fire. Dry pipes are often equipped with metro stations and large parking lots (especially multi-storey ones).

Also, a dry pipeline is installed in separate residential and public buildings. Other cases of dry pipe application:

1. Buildings with 2 floors of the V degree of fire resistance - the system is installed on the stairwells and displayed in the attic.
2. Monitor towers - a dry pipe is installed permanently to connect fire hoses.
3. Cable structures located separately from buildings.
4. Elevators - a dry pipe with a diameter of 85 mm is installed in the stairwell and brought out. The connecting outer head can be connected to both fire engine with a hose, and to the water supply.

In buildings of class F5.1 - F5.3, it is planned to install a dry pipe at the locations of fire escapes. The pipe diameter must be 80 mm. Connection heads are placed at the upper and lower ends of the riser.

If the height of the building to the eaves is 10 m or more, and the width is 24 m, then the risers of the dry pipe must be located at a distance of no more than 250 m from each other around the entire perimeter of the building.

Tanks with a volume of 1000 m 3, regardless of location, must be equipped with a dry pipe and foam concentrates to supply foam to upper part reservoir.

The dry pipe can not be installed in buildings with a width of no more than 24 m and a height of up to the cornice no more than 10 m.