Establishment of a fire regime in the organization. Fire regime of the organization
Successful firefighting depends on early detection and prompt response. measures taken to eliminate the source of fire.
Fire notification communication is provided by urban and local telephone communications, special fire telephone communications (for the most important facilities) and electrical fire alarms (EPS).
Fire detectors produce manual and automatic action.
Automatic detectors are divided into heat, smoke, light and combined.
Heat detectors brands ATP-ZV, ATIM-1, ATIM-3, DTL, DPS-038, POST-1, etc. work when the temperature rises environment. The sensitive elements of these detectors are bimetallic plates or spirals, springy plates with ends soldered with low-melting solder, thermistors, thermocouples, etc.
In smoke detectors, photocells (IDF-1) or ionization chambers with radioactive substances (RID-1) are sensitive.
Combined detectors have an ionization chamber and thermistors.
Light detectors (SI-1, AIP-M, DPID) use the phenomenon of the photoelectric effect. The photocell reacts to the ultraviolet or infrared part of the flame spectrum.
The DUZ-4 ultrasonic sensor is used to detect moving objects in enclosed spaces (oscillating flames, a walking person, etc.).
Manual fire detectors are push-button and coded. Push-button detectors are mainly used for duplication of automatic detectors. They are installed both inside and outside buildings at an air temperature of -50 to +60 °C.
Receiving stations fire alarm receive signals from manual and automatic detectors. There are two types of stations used in enterprises; TOL-10/100 (alarming, optical, beam) and the hub "Komar-signal 12AJVE".
In security and fire alarm systems, TLO-20/30-2M receiving stations, Signal-12, Siren-2M concentrators, etc. are used.
Fire-prevention regime of the enterprise
At the enterprises, by order and instruction, a fire regime is established in accordance with the GSB RB 1.01--94. The places and the permissible amount of raw materials, semi-finished products and finished products. The procedure for cleaning combustible waste and dust, storing oiled overalls is being established. The procedure for de-energizing electrical equipment at the end of the working day and in the event of a fire is determined. The procedure for inspection and closing of premises after completion of work has been established. An action plan was drawn up for employees upon detection of a fire; procedures and deadlines have been determined fire safety briefing, as well as appointed persons responsible for their implementation; designated and equipped smoking areas.
Enterprise employees are required to:
Know and comply with the requirements fire safety;
comply with and maintain the fire regime;
take precautions when working with flammable and combustible substances;
know the specifications fire hazard substances and materials used or produced;
in the event of a fire, report it to the fire department and take all possible measures to save people, property and extinguish the fire.
In production, administrative and warehouse premises, telephones should have signs indicating the telephone number of the fire service.
Volunteer fire brigades
Voluntary fire brigades (FPD) are organized at enterprises and organizations, regardless of the presence of other types of fire service (Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus dated 13.10.1995 No. 571 “On approval of regulations on freelance fire brigades and reviews of the fire condition of residential buildings in settlements"), B their composition may include workers, engineering and technical workers and employees of the facility no younger than eighteen years old.
The composition of the voluntary fire brigade is determined by the head of the enterprise at the rate of five people for every hundred workers. If the enterprise employs less than one hundred people, the number of members of the fire brigade must be at least ten people. In each shop, shift there should be members of this team.
DPD structure: commander, senior combat crew and members of the DCC.
The commanders of the DPD are subordinate to the head of the enterprise, as well as the decisions of the fire and technical commissions of the enterprise. Volunteer fire brigades monitor compliance with the fire regime at the enterprise; supervise the good condition primary funds fire extinguishing and readiness for action. Calling the fire department, extinguishing a fire that has arisen, evacuating people is also part of the scope of duties of the DPD.
General fire safety requirements at work and at home
Fire safety - the state of the object, in which the possibility of a fire is excluded, and in the event of its occurrence, impact on people is prevented dangerous factors fire and protect material assets.
Fire safety requirements include:
The right organization fire brigade at the enterprise, in residential, administrative and public buildings;
Carrying out fire-fighting briefings, creating DPD, conducting reviews, issuing orders;
compliance with building codes and regulations, GOSTs in the design of buildings and structures, in the construction of electrical networks, electrical installations, equipment, heating, ventilation, lighting, etc.;
a ban on smoking and the use of open fire in unauthorized places, compliance with fire safety measures during hot work, etc.;
Timely preventive inspections, testing and repairs of technological and engineering equipment (electric networks, electrical installations, heating, ventilation, etc.);
Prevention of the formation of a combustible environment;
preventing the formation of sources of ignition in the combustible sphere;
the use of electrical equipment and lamps corresponding to the explosion and fire hazard class of the premises;
elimination of conditions for thermal, microbiological or chemical spontaneous combustion of substances and materials;
Fire order
Order No.
Moscow "____" __________2007
About the fire mode
In accordance with the fire safety rules of June 18, 2003 No. 313, paragraph 15
1. Prohibit smoking in the trading floor, in the warehouse, in other utility rooms and in the adjacent territory to the store.
2. The allowable number of goods at a time in the warehouse is up to 30 days.
3. Establish a procedure for de-energizing electrical equipment in case of fire and at the end of the working day.
In case of fire ________________________________________________________
At the end of the working day
Conduct hot work while customers are on the trading floor;
Store more than 15,000 aerosol cans;
Do not block evacuation passages, exits, approaches to fire extinguishing equipment.
5. After finishing work, inspect the premises, de-energize the electrical equipment, turn off the lights, close the premises and hand over to security.
6. Deadlines for conducting fire safety briefing upon admission to work and every 6 months. Once a year, conduct classes on the fire-technical minimum and test knowledge.
7. I reserve control over the execution of this order.
Head A.M.Zamakhov
Navigation
Fire mode
Fire mode- complex established norms behavior of people, rules for the performance of work and operation of the facility, aimed at ensuring its fire safety.
At any enterprise, a fire regime must be established, for which an order is issued, which determines:
The procedure for conducting temporary fire hazardous work; smoking areas;
The procedure for passing training and testing knowledge on safety issues, as well as conducting fire-fighting briefings and classes on the fire-technical minimum; the procedure for organizing the operation, maintenance of available technical means fire protection (fire-fighting water supply, booster pumps, fire alarm installations, fire extinguishers, fire hydrants, reservoirs, etc.);
The procedure for carrying out scheduled preventive repairs and technical inspections of electrical equipment, installations and systems of heating, ventilation, air conditioning and other engineering equipment;
The procedure for inspecting and closing the premises after the end of work; the procedure for disconnecting electrical equipment from the network in case of fire;
The procedure for cleaning up combustible materials, waste, debris and dust, as well as storing oiled overalls and rags, cleaning air ducts ventilation systems from dust deposits;
Rules for the passage and parking of vehicles on the territory;
The order of burning garbage, the use of open fire if there are such opportunities or the prohibition of such actions;
The procedure for gathering members of the DPD and responsible officials in the event of a fire, on weekends and holidays;
The procedure for personnel to follow in the event of a fire.
All employees must be familiar with the requirements of the fire regime during fire safety briefings and in classes on the fire safety minimum.
Employees are required to comply with the established fire regime at the facility, to comply established rules and other regulations on fire safety.
On the adoption of measures to strengthen the fire regime in educational institutions
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
On the adoption of measures to strengthen the fire regime
In the period from 7 to 10 April 2003 in an educational institution general education The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and a boarding school for deaf and dumb children in the city of Makhachkala, the Republic of Dagestan, experienced fires that led to the death of students and pupils.
Analysis of the state of affairs with fire safety in educational institutions according to the data of the educational authorities of the subjects Russian Federation shows that in 2002 there were 704 fires and ignitions at educational facilities, as a result of which two people died and material damage was caused in the amount of more than 56 million rubles.
The main causes of fires in most cases were violations of the rules for the construction and operation of electrical equipment and networks, careless handling of fire, the use of household appliances, smoking in unspecified places, and arson.
Cases of fires and fires also indicate that local governments, heads and officials of educational authorities and educational institutions do not attach due importance to the organization of work to ensure fire safety.
To strengthen the fire regime in educational institutions and prevent deaths in fires
I order:
1. Approve a set of measures to strengthen fire safety in educational institutions in accordance with the annex.
2. Management of the development of the material and technical base, social sphere and property relations (S.K. Sergeev) to manage and coordinate work on the implementation of deadlines measures determined by a set of measures to strengthen fire safety in educational institutions.
3. Recommend to the educational authorities (vocational education) of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local (municipal) education authorities to take measures to implement a set of measures to strengthen fire safety in educational institutions.
4. Educational institutions subordinated to the Ministry of Education of Russia to develop and implement a set of measures to strengthen fire safety in educational institutions.
5. To impose control over the implementation of this order on the First Deputy Minister G.A. Balykhin.
V.M.Filippov
Appendix. A set of measures to strengthen fire safety in educational institutions and organizations
New fire regulations
Vladimir Putin signed Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 25, 390 On the fire regime, according to which new Fire Regulations were introduced in the Russian Federation. This document replaces the Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia dated June 18, 2003 313 On the Approval of Fire Safety Rules in the Russian Federation (PPB 01-03).
This Decree comes into force on May 15 of the year, with the exception of paragraphs 6, 7, 9, 14, 16, 89, 130, 131 and 372 of the Rules approved by this Decree, which come into force on September 1 of the year.
This document establishes the fire regime rules for the territory settlements and settlements, buildings with permanent or temporary residence of people, scientific, educational, cultural and educational. entertainment, medical institutions, objects of trade organizations, industrial, agricultural and transport infrastructure facilities, storage facilities, petrol stations, as well as during the transportation of fire and explosion hazardous and flammable substances and materials, loading and unloading operations with liquefied hydrocarbon gas, the use of stove heating, construction and installation. restoration and fire hazardous work.
I would like to focus on some of the requirements of these rules:
These rules must be known and followed by every citizen!
According to the OGPN FGKU Special Administration FPS 16 EMERCOM of Russia
Order on ensuring fire safety at the enterprise
At each enterprise, an order establishes general requirements for ensuring a fire regime. The order must contain all the necessary instructions in this area: the appointment of those responsible for ensuring fire safety in the divisions of the facility with the regulation of their duties, the procedure fire fighting training employees and the organization of the fire protection of the enterprise, the performance of fire hazardous work at the facility, etc.
The order to ensure fire safety, after approval by the head of the enterprise, is the main legal document at the enterprise, the violation of which entails disciplinary (material) and other liability provided for by law.
An example of an order is given in the appendix. 2 to the Fire Safety Rules for the city of Moscow:
ORDER No._____
Moscow "__"______200_
"On the procedure for providing fire
security in the territory, in buildings,
facilities and premises of the enterprise
In order to ensure fire safety in workshops, workshops, warehouses, production sites, residential buildings and administrative premises of the enterprise
P R I C A Z Y V A YU:
1. Responsible for the fire safety of the enterprise appoint the chief engineer ________________.
2. Assign responsible for fire safety ( fire condition) shops, workshops, warehouses, production sites of the heads of these departments, and in the administrative premises of the heads of the relevant services of the enterprise:
Carpentry workshop - ____________________________________________.
Garage - ______________________________________________________.
Warehouses No. 1-4 - _____________________________________________.
Warehouse material - _______________________________________________.
Finished goods warehouse - _____________________________________.
Switchboard - _____________________________________________.
Welding workshop - ____________________________________________.
Director's office - _______________________________________________.
Accounting - ________________________________________________.
Office work - ___________________________________________.
Human Resources Department - _______________________________________________.
(list all objects and specifically indicate the persons responsible for fire safety, who, after familiarizing themselves with the order for the enterprise, must sign on the back of the familiarization sheet).
3. Responsible for the fire safety of electrical installations of the enterprise appoint the power engineer of the enterprise ____________________________.
4. Responsible for the fire safety of ventilation and heating systems of the enterprise appoint ____________________________________.
5. Those responsible for fire safety in their work should be guided by the instructions on fire safety measures (appendices 1-__), ensuring strict and precise compliance with the fire regime by all engineers, workers and employees.
6. All engineering and technical personnel, workers and employees of the enterprise must undergo fire safety briefing in accordance with the requirements of GOST “Organization of training of workers in labor safety. General requirements". The organization of fire safety briefing and the acceptance of tests from employees shall be entrusted to the enterprise responsible for fire safety.
The dates, place and procedure for conducting fire safety briefing are given in Appendix ____.
Persons who have not passed the fire safety briefing, as well as those who have shown unsatisfactory knowledge, are not allowed to work.
7. With engineers, workers and employees, the performance of their official duties is associated with increased fire danger, to carry out fire-technical minimums.
Dates, place, procedure fire-technical minima, as well as the distribution by groups, taking into account the category of specialists, are given in Appendix ___.
8. Welding and other hot work on the territory and in the buildings (structures) of the enterprise should be carried out in accordance with Appendix ___.
9. For each work shift, have combat crews of a voluntary fire brigade based on:
a) in industrial premises- at least 5 people;
b) in other rooms and areas - at least 3 people. Duties of members of the voluntary fire brigade and distribution.
functions for actions in case of fire (burning) or a training tripod are given in Appendix ___.
10. From among the engineers, create a fire-technical commission with the rights, duties and composition set forth in Appendix ___.
The fire regime is the requirements that the state obliges owners of commercial and industrial real estate to comply with. This need is due to a sound assessment of the potential fire hazard.
The essence of the fire regime
Initially, it should be understood that the fire regime is a set of rules that are designed to protect citizens from the risk of a fire, and also provide for certain behavior of people if such an incident occurs.
Such rules have been developed for organizations and educational institutions. They include the procedure for organizing production, as well as the maintenance of buildings, territories, premises and any objects. Such principles of organization are focused on ensuring fire safety, taking into account modern standards.
The head of the company or organization is responsible for approving the fire safety instructions for various objects. This function can also be performed by any authorized official.
Concerning storage facilities and those territories that fall into category B1 (fire hazardous), the conditions for organizing security are determined separately.
Employee training
Given the fact that the fire regime is a set of rules that must be followed, employees of the enterprise should be allowed to work at the facilities only after they have received appropriate training in the necessary fire safety measures.
Such training, as a rule, takes the form of briefing and passing the rules of the fire minimum. As for the timing and procedure, they are set by the head. Such training is based on regulations on fire safety.
Responsible for compliance with established rules
The fire regime also implies such a duty of the head as the appointment of a person who will be suitable for such purposes, the candidacy of any employee who has the necessary organizational and administrative powers. It is better to give preference to the head of the structural unit. Moreover, it is worth emphasizing the idea that the head of the enterprise is personally obliged to carry out such an appointment.
In this case, an ambiguous situation is possible, the essence of which is the potential refusal of the assigned worker to take responsibility for fire safety. In order to avoid such a development of events, the head of the company needs to initially revise the conditions employment contract, in which such duties of the employee should be spelled out. If necessary, you can always make the necessary adjustments. But according to the legislation of the Russian Federation, the employee must be warned about such changes in his employment contract and obtain written consent to their introduction.
If you have to control the situation in the premises that are used to organize the work of more than 50 people, then it makes sense to create a fire and technical commission. This will allow you to correctly distribute the load on the responsible person and fulfill all the necessary requirements.
Features of the requirements for large objects
The fire regime in the Russian Federation implies special requirements for those facilities in which it works or is located. a large number of of people.
The duties of the head of the enterprise include the following requirements:
At least once within 6 months to conduct practical training of persons;
Draw up instructions for the actions of the company's personnel during the evacuation of people in case of fire and familiarize employees with it;
Check the availability of electric lamps (according to calculations, one lamp per 50 employees).
As for the leaders trade enterprises and organizations, the rules of the fire regime in the Russian Federation provide for them one more obligation. It's about on the adoption of additional during various promotions, sales and other events of a similar format.
Rules in the conditions of holding public events
When a particular room is used for corporate parties, discos, various celebrations and other events, the owner of the space used must fulfill several conditions:
Ensure the duty of responsible persons in the halls and on the stage;
Inspect the premises before the start of the event to determine whether it meets existing requirements.
At the same time, it should be understood that the rules of the fire regime in the Russian Federation do not oblige the owner of the premises to personally perform all the actions listed above. He can successfully delegate these responsibilities to responsible persons. But such an employee must be full-time or work in the organization at least part-time.
It is important to pay attention to the work of the company at night. In this case, a special fire regime becomes relevant. The first of the requirements is the organization of round-the-clock duty of service personnel. Moreover, the manager is expected to ensure that the local fire department is informed on a daily basis of how many people are working at the facility on a given shift.
Other requirements may also apply to the head of the enterprise. One of them is the presence on the doors of the premises, as well as outdoor installations of signs indicating the category of their fire and explosion hazard.
It is worth knowing that it is the manager who is responsible for the timely removal of fire-retardant coatings (coatings, varnishes, plaster, special paints), heat-insulating, combustible and finishing materials, metal supports of equipment, building structures, etc. The quality of fire-retardant impregnation (processing) will also have to be checked.
Key limitations
The fire regime is a set of requirements, which also includes some prohibitions. So, according to the law it is forbidden:
To produce glazing of those rooms that lead to smoke-free staircases;
Place stalls, pantries, kiosks and various outbuildings in elevator lobbies;
Use technical floors, attics, ventilation chambers and any other technical premises for the purpose of manufacturing and storing furniture, equipment and products;
Use and store flammable liquids, celluloid and aerosol products in attics, basements and basements;
Install outdoor units air conditioners on the landings;
Organize utility rooms and workshops in basements and basements, provided that the fire exit is blocked or absent.
It is easy to see that the fire regime is an urgent and necessary measure that can save property and even people's lives.
There are many regulatory documents in the field of fire safety that cover various areas of activity. Often they contain contradictions or outdated information. Therefore, specialists are guided, first of all, by federal laws and regulations. These documents include the "Rules of the fire regime in the Russian Federation".
General information about the order
These rules were introduced in 2012, replacing the old ones. Fundamental differences new version consist in concretization and clarification of some requirements. It clearly outlines the responsibilities of the heads of organizations in terms of fire safety. Also, the Fire Regulations refer to other regulations. For example, about the operation of fire extinguishers, the maintenance of evacuation passages and the conduct of hot work of a temporary nature at the enterprise.
"Rules of the fire regime in the Russian Federation" - a description of measures, actions to prevent the occurrence of a fire or eliminate it at the following types of facilities and during work:
It should be noted that the rules of the fire regime are closely related to " technical regulations on fire safety". In particular, they point out the need to use only certified fire extinguishing equipment and equipment, as well as materials for processing structures in enterprises.
After being put into effect by Government Decree No. 390, this document was amended several times. The adjustment is due to new requirements that have arisen after the research work. When compiling new items, they also took into account large fires in entertainment venues, construction sites, where people died due to improper organization of the fire regime at the facility.
Most of the rules are described for enterprises, institutions of various kinds and industrial facilities. However, the rules also touch upon the topic of the fire regime in residential buildings. Thus, the requirements for the maintenance of entrances, common and technical premises, fire-retardant treatment of building structures. Separate items are highlighted to describe the fire regime in hotels, hotels, hospitals, schools, kindergartens and holiday camps. There is also a description of the procedure for the actions of personnel at the enterprise when fires are detected.
Duties and powers of management
The head or business entity is responsible for compliance with the rules of the fire regime in the controlled organization.
The latest version has reduced the number of conditions under which a review by supervisory authorities is required. Therefore, only people trained in fire safety issues are allowed to work at the enterprise, institution. Depending on the powers and responsibilities of the staff, training can be in the form of briefings or courses with exams.
The management is obliged not only to ensure fire safety for the enterprise and personnel, but also to monitor the condition of equipment, facilities and the implementation of instructions. His area of responsibility at the facility or enterprise includes:
- installation of signs, evacuation plans, signs, instructions on fire safety rules and signs;
- organization of means of communication and emergency power supply;
- compliance with legal requirements regarding the ban on smoking;
- maintaining and checking fire fighting systems, water supply and similar infrastructures and facilities;
- provision of fire extinguishers, inventory and hand tools;
- organizing visits, Maintenance fire extinguishing means;
- correct maintenance of staircases, passages, evacuation routes;
- maintaining cleanliness in fire passages, on sites, providing free space on them for the location and movement of fire equipment.
Mass events at the enterprise or outside it provide for a special organization of the fire regime. Information is conveyed to those present about the rules of the fire regime, their observance is organized. For institutions with a night stay of people (hospitals, boarding schools), constant communication devices and the transfer of data on the number of people staying to the fire brigade are mandatory.
Objects with a large crowd of people are a zone of increased fire danger, so their management conducts periodic training once every six months for employees of the enterprise.
To collect used rags at any facility or enterprise, it is necessary to install tanks made of non-combustible material.
Establishment in the organization
In addition to the requirements for management, there are those that are common to the entire organization, which are established by the current rules of the fire regime. Firstly, the personnel must know the procedure in case of a fire, take measures to eliminate it, and promptly report a fire to the local fire department. You also need to know the rules for working with combustible, flammable and explosive substances, if they are used in production. The established fire regime at the enterprise is mandatory for all employees to comply with.
The fire regime itself at the enterprise is drawn up and approved by the management. It defines smoking areas, establishes the allowable amount of raw materials or finished materials for production and their location. For the cleaning of combustible waste, a schedule is drawn up, the places for their storage are indicated, as well as for suits or their parts in oil. To ensure safety, they prescribe the procedure for disconnecting electrical equipment from the network when the first signs of a fire are detected or after a working day.
If an enterprise or organization plans to work with the use of open fire, fire hazardous work, then it is necessary to establish the procedure for their implementation. In particular, they create rules for inspecting the premises, as well as closing and opening passages in it before and after the completion of such work.
Creation at school
The general requirements of the fire regime in the organization apply to schools, but there are additional ones. At such facilities, a manager is appointed as a responsible person - a director. However, other employees are assigned to separate premises (classrooms, workshops, halls). They must monitor the implementation of fire safety rules, check the serviceability of electrical equipment and networks.
In the classrooms of chemistry, physics and workshops, it is necessary to take into account the increased risk of fires due to the presence of chemical reagents, machines and devices in them.
To do this, develop individual fire safety instructions, provide rooms with cabinets with ventilation. Before classes with chemicals students are instructed on the rules of behavior with these substances and the general fire regime.
Schools often hold events with large crowds. Therefore, in the premises for them it is forbidden to use pyrotechnic products, to close the windows with shutters, to block up the passages. They should have evacuation exits, the order and compliance with the fire regime are monitored by responsible persons.
During an evacuation in case of a fire at a school, it is allowed to involve high school students in the evacuation of younger children. The building must have at least 2 free evacuation exits for moving.
Orders and documentation at the facility
The rules of the regime imply documenting. These are instructions, the text part of the evacuation plan, registration logs, accounting for fire extinguishing equipment and briefings. The order on the organization of the fire regime must be issued at any enterprise or organization. It refers to general group documents. It describes the rules and actions of personnel, which are provided for by law and regulations. They depend largely on the profile of the object.
According to paragraph 15 Fire Safety Rules in each organization, the administrative document must establish a fire regime corresponding to their fire hazard, including:
ü designated and equipped smoking areas;
ü the places and the allowable amount of raw materials, semi-finished products and finished products located in the premises at a time are determined;
ü established the procedure for cleaning combustible waste and dust, storing oiled overalls;
ü the procedure for de-energizing electrical equipment in case of fire and at the end of the working day is determined;
are regulated:
The procedure for conducting temporary hot and other fire hazardous work;
The order of inspection and closing of premises after the end of work; “actions of employees upon detection of a fire;
The procedure and terms for passing fire-fighting briefings and classes on the fire-technical minimum were determined, and those responsible for their conduct were appointed.
Each organization should have an instruction on fire safety measures, which reflects the following issues:
Measures to ensure fire safety during technological processes, equipment operation, fire hazardous work;
The procedure and norms for the storage and transportation of explosive and flammable substances and materials;
Smoking areas, use of open fire and hot work;
The procedure for the collection, storage and disposal of combustible substances and materials, the maintenance and storage of overalls;
Limit indications of instrumentation (pressure gauges, thermometers, etc.), deviations from which can cause a fire or explosion;
Responsibilities and actions of employees in case of fire, including:
Rules for calling the fire brigade;
Order emergency stop technological equipment;
The procedure for turning off ventilation and electrical equipment;
Rules for the use of fire extinguishing equipment and fire automatics installations;
The procedure for the evacuation of combustible substances and material assets;
The procedure for inspecting and bringing all the premises of the enterprise (subdivision) into a fire and explosion safe condition.
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Educational-methodical complex on discipline Occupational safety
FGOU SPO BELOVSKY POLYTECHNICAL COLLEGE ... Educational and methodological complex ... in the discipline Labor protection ...
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BLPK V.N. Gumirova
Belovo Agreed by the Subject Cycle Commission of Mining Disciplines Minutes No. _______ dated "____" ______ 20__. Preds
EXPLANATORY NOTE
Working programm the academic discipline “Labor Protection” is designed to implement state requirements for a minimum content and level of training of graduates in specialties 0
Thematic plan
Name of sections and topics Maximum load Number of classroom hours for full-time HRV training
Topic 1.2 Normative and organizational bases of safety. Economic mechanisms of labor safety management
The student must: know: labor legislation, a system of labor safety standards, uniform and industry safety rules, a system of control and supervision
Topic 1.3 Legal regulation of working conditions
The student must: know: the content of the employment contract, the obligations for its implementation; requirements for the organization of the workplace and the mode of operation in enterprises;
Topic 2.3 Safety requirements for preparing rocks for excavation
The student must: know: safety measures during the operation of drilling rigs; basics of safe blasting (VR), documentation for the right to conduct blasting
Topic 2.5 Safety requirements for the transportation of rock mass
The student must: know: safety requirements for the operation of auxiliary machines and means of hydromechanization, safety for the operation of quarry transport;
Topic 2.6 Safety measures when working with electrical equipment
The student must: know: types of electric shock; classification of means of protection against electric shock; measures to ensure safety
Topic 3.1 Fighting dust and gases during the operation of mining and transport equipment
The student must: know: the composition of the atmosphere, sources of air pollution, ways to deal with dust and gases during the operation of mining and transport equipment;
Topic 3.2 Sanitary and medical care for workers
The student must: know: the requirements for sanitary and industrial premises; know how to use protective equipment
Topic 4.1 Fire safety in quarries
The student must: know: the essence of the combustion process, fire safety indicators, categories of industries according to the degree of fire and explosion hazard and types of fire
Topic 4.2 Prevention and extinguishing of fires
The student must: know: fire extinguishing methods and means, prevention of endogenous and exogenous fires, design and principle of sprinkler and deluge installations
List of practical works
Topic Number Name Number of hours
Main
1. Belov S.V. Life safety./S.V. Belov, V.A. Devisilov, A.F. Kozyakov. - M.: Higher School, 2002. – 514 p. 2. Devisilov V.A. Occupational safety (labor protection)./V.A.Devisilov
Basic regulatory legal acts
1. GOST 12.1.001-89 SSBT. Ultrasound. General safety requirements. 2. GOST 12.1.002-84. electric fields industrial frequency voltage of 400 kV and above. General safety requirements.
Explanatory note
The discipline "Labor protection" is a discipline of a special cycle in the structure of the professional basic educational program specialty 130403. The course "Labor protection" aims and
1. The system "Occupational health and safety" in the organization In the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the term "labor protection" is defined as
Delegation of responsibilities for labor protection and industrial safety
Responsibilities for labor protection and industrial safety imposed by law on the employer (owner, head of organizations), he has the right to delegate to his deputies and heads
Structure of labor protection and industrial safety management bodies
All managers and specialists of the organization, without exception, participate in the process of managing labor protection and industrial safety. By importance in the management of the organization as a whole and in the management
Occupational Health and Safety Management Bodies
Special Functions of Occupational Health and Safety Management - Definition actual problems, defining a strategy, coordinating actions, performing special types of work, etc. - in
Components and structure of components of identification
Identification of hazards created by technical systems and objects includes: - determination of the range of hazards specific to technical system; - determination of mass
Negative factors of the working environment
The production environment is a part of the technosphere with an increased concentration of negative factors. The main carriers of traumatic and harmful factors in the production environment are machines
Types of especially dangerous work depending on negative factors
To especially hazardous work on the industrial enterprises include: - installation and dismantling of heavy equipment weighing more than 500 kg; - transportation of cylinders with compressed gases, acids
General provisions of labor protection legislation
The Labor Code of the Russian Federation and the Federal Law "On the Fundamentals of Labor Protection in the Russian Federation" determine the state policy in the field of labor protection, establish the legal framework
State administration of labor protection
(Article 216 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation) Public administration labor protection is carried out by the Government of the Russian Federation directly or on its behalf federal body executive power
The obligations of the employer in the field of labor protection
(Articles 22 and 212 of the Russian Federation) In relation to its employees, the employer is obliged to ensure labor safety and conditions that meet the requirements of labor protection and hygiene: -
Obligations of employees in the field of labor protection
(Articles 21 and 214 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation) The employee is obliged: - to comply with the labor protection requirements established by laws and other regulatory legal acts, as well as rules and instr
Labor protection service in the organization
(Article 217 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation) In order to ensure compliance with labor protection requirements, control over their implementation in each organization engaged in production activities, including
Financial support for labor protection
(Article 226 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation) Financing of measures to improve working conditions and labor protection is carried out at the expense of: Ø federal budget funds, Ø budgets of subjects
General provisions
Basic principles legal regulation labor relations: Ø freedom of labor; Ø Prohibition forced labor and discrimination in the world of work;
Work time
a) Normal working hours. Reduced hours of work (Articles 91, 92 Labor Code RF) Work time- time
Injury dynamics
1. Analysis of accidents and injuries in quarries. Analyzing the main causes of industrial injuries over a certain period of time, it is possible to establish the main trends and
Types of occupational diseases
(Letters 4 and 5 of the Regulations) Two types of occupational diseases have been established: - acute occupational disease - chronic occupational disease.
Actions of the employer in case of detection of signs of an occupational disease in the employee
(Items 7-16 of the Regulations) 1. When an employee is diagnosed with an acute occupational disease (poisoning), the following procedure is provided.
The procedure for investigating the circumstances and causes of an occupational disease
(clauses 19-29 of the Regulations) The employer is obliged to organize an investigation into the circumstances and causes of the employee's occupational disease. Investigated in progress
Occupational accidents subject to investigation and accounting (from Article 227 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation) Investigated and subject to accounting as
Priority actions in the event of an accident at work
(from Article 228 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation) In the event of an accident at work, it is necessary: Ø to immediately organize first aid for the victim and, if necessary, deliver him to the facility
Terms of investigation of accidents at work
(from Article 229 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation) Investigation of the circumstances and causes of an accident at work, which is not a group accident and does not fall into the category of severe or fatal
The procedure for investigating an accident at work
(from Article 229 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation) In each case of investigation of an accident at work, the commission identifies and interrogates eyewitnesses of the incident, persons who violated regulatory requirements
The main issues that should be reflected in the act
(from article 230 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation) For each accident at work, which caused: · the need to transfer an employee in accordance with a medical report to another job;
The procedure for the employer to send reports of an accident at work
(from Article 230 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation) The employer, within three days after the approval of the act in the form of H-1, is obliged to sob: one copy of the act to the victim, and in the event of an accident at work
On labor protection and industrial safety
Obligations of the employer and employees in terms of training in labor protection
Training of workers in labor protection and industrial safety when hiring
On the day of all newcomers to work, as well as persons transferred to another job, the employer is obliged, in accordance with Article 22 of the Law of the Kemerovo Region "On Labor Protection", to instruct on labor protection
Induction training
An introductory briefing on labor safety is carried out with all newly hired workers, regardless of their education, length of service in this profession or position, with temporary workers,
Initial on-the-job training
Initial briefing at the workplace before starting production activities conduct; with all newly admitted to the organization or transferred from one unit to another; with
Unscheduled instruction.
Unscheduled briefings are carried out: 1) upon the introduction of new or revised standards, rules, instructions on labor protection, as well as changes to them; 2) when changing technical
Targeted coaching
Targeted briefing is carried out when performing one-time work that is not related to direct duties in the specialty (loading, unloading, cleaning the territory, one-time work outside the enterprise, workshop
General safety statement
The main feature of the development of open pit mining in present stage is a steady trend of complication of mining operating conditions with an increase in the depth of development of deposits.
Actual tasks
The experience of operating deposits at great depths indicates the need to solve the following urgent problems: establishing the optimal limiting depth of open pits, taking into account the mining
Ways to improve security
Under these conditions, the efficiency of field development and the provision of the required technical level of safety largely depend on the dynamics of formation working area quarry and its parameters,
Basic safety measures
For the safe conduct of mining operations in quarries, the following measures should be taken. 1. At each quarry, have a duly approved technical
Security Basics
In the last 15-20 years, there have been significant changes in the organization of mining operations at mining enterprises. As well as high level the concentration of production in quarries is intensively
Improving the efficiency of transport systems
One of the main ways to intensify mining operations in deep open pits is to increase the efficiency of existing transport systems. At present, the quarries of ferrous metallurgy are implementing
Main technogenic accident factors
The analysis shows that in last years the accident rate has increased significantly due to landslides and collapses of the sides of the quarry. The stability of the sides of deep pits, composed of rocks,
1. General requirements 1. Common safety rules for the development of mineral deposits open way(hereinafter referred to as the Rules) are binding on all
Organization of the movement of people
1. It is forbidden to clutter up the places of work of the equipment and approaches to them with rock mass or any objects that impede the movement of people, machines and mechanisms. 2. Movement of people across
Workplace organization
1.1. Workplace for conducting drilling operations, it should be provided with: -prepared front of work (cleaned and planned working area); - a set of serviceable drilling rig
Drilling Safety
2.1. Well drilling should be carried out in accordance with the instructions developed by organizations on the basis of typical drilling methods for each method (fire, cone, etc.). 2.2. Behind
during blasting
1.1. The Uniform Safety Rules for Explosive Operations (hereinafter referred to as the Rules) are mandatory for organizations (regardless of ownership and departmental affiliation) that carry out
Requirements for delivery and testing V.V.
2.1. Explosive materials of different compatibility groups must be stored and transported separately. Joint storage is allowed: 1) smoke and smokeless powders in accordance with t
Requirements for delivery and transportation V.V.
3.1. When delivering explosive materials from a warehouse to a warehouse of one organization conducting blasting operations, joint transportation of explosives is allowed only if the following conditions are met:
Destruction of V.V.
4.1. The destruction of explosive materials, including those that do not meet the requirements of standards and specifications, must be carried out on the written order of the head of the blasting organization, with
Lecture 15
Subject: Safety distances for blasting Table 5 - Safety distances No. &nbs
General storage issues V.V.
1.1. Complexes of buildings and structures of the main type of production and auxiliary purposes must be built or adapted according to projects approved in the prescribed manner, and exploitation
Requirements for warehouses V.V.
2.1. On surface and semi-underground expendable warehouses: 2.1.1. The total capacity of all storage facilities of a permanent expendable warehouse should not exceed: explosives - 240 tons, detonators - 300
Warehouse space requirements
3.1. Surface and semi-recessed permanent warehouses VM.26.1. Surface permanent warehouses must meet the following conditions: - have drainage ditches; -road needed
Requirements for temporary warehouses and transport
4.1. Surface and semi-recessed temporary warehouses VM.27.1. Storages of temporary warehouses of VM can be plank, adobe, earthen. Under storage warehouses it is allowed to adapt
VV storage in underground warehouses and deep warehouses
5. Underground and in-depth warehouses of VM. 5.1.1. Underground warehouses of WM, distribution chambers, local storage points. 5.1.2. In underground conditions, VMs should be stored in special equipment
Safety precautions for the operation of single-bucket excavators
1. When moving a crawler excavator, the drive of the undercarriage must be at the rear, and when descending from a slope, in front. The bucket must be empty and be no higher than 1 m from the ground, and the boom must be up to
Safety precautions for the operation of multi-bucket excavators
1. Slopes and radii of rail tracks and roads of bucket-wheel excavators on rail, walking-rail and caterpillar tracks must be set within the limits allowed by the excavator's registration certificate.
General Questions Safety
1.1. Order safe operation and maintenance of pumps, hydraulic monitors, hydraulic networks, hydraulic dumps and reservoirs is determined by the instruction. Hydraulic structures should
Equipment Safety
2.1. During start-up, the outlet must always be directed to a place that is safe for others. At night, the faces in the area of action of the jet should be illuminated, working areas
Bulk dumps and transfer points
1. Location, number, procedure for the formation and operation of internal and external dumps of leaching heaps, their parameters are determined by the project. The project must include the
Alluvial dumps of open pit mining facilities
1. The construction and operation of hydraulic dumps of open-pit mining facilities is allowed only if the project documentation is available. 2. During operation, cutting is not allowed
Safety precautions for the operation of self-propelled machinery
2.1. All self-propelled vehicles must have technical passports. It must be packed: - with fire extinguishing means; - signs of emergency installation; - medical a
Road Requirements
1.1. The width of the carriageway of intra-quarry roads and longitudinal slopes are established by the project, taking into account the requirements of the current norms and rules, based on the size of cars and road trains. AT
Transport Requirements
2.1. All vehicles used in technological process, including those imported from abroad for a period of more than six months, as well as components of structures, items of additional
Organization of safe operation of vehicles
3.1. Drivers driving vehicles with a diesel-electric transmission must have an electrical safety qualification group of at least II. 3.2. During major repairs
General Questions Safety
1.1. Technological work railway transport wide gauge (1524 mm) sections is regulated by the current regulatory documentation on technical operation industrial railway
Safety requirements for cargo and equipment
2.1. Loads unloaded or prepared for loading must be stowed near the track and secured in such a way that the clearance of the buildings is not violated. Cargoes (except for ballast unloaded for
Requirements for the organization of the movement of people
3.1. In places of constant movement of people across the railway tracks, pedestrian tunnels, bridges or paths illuminated at night should be arranged. Going through paths in relentless
Safety in the repair of railway tracks
4.1. Repair of structures and devices must be carried out while ensuring traffic safety. It is forbidden: to start work before fencing with signals of the places of work, about
Rolling stock safety requirements
5.1. The rolling stock must be kept in good condition, ensuring its uninterrupted operation and traffic safety. 5.2. All locomotives must be equipped with automatic
Contact network security requirements
6.1. The device of the contact network of technological railway transport must comply with the current norms, rules and requirements of regulatory and technical documentation for safe operation.
General safety requirements
1.1. When designing, constructing and operating continuous transport facilities, it is necessary to be guided by these Rules, as well as regulatory documentation on safety during crushing
Interlocks and protections
2.1. Installations of continuous technological transport must have: blocking devices that stop the equipment, preceding the emergency stop; device for
Safety requirements for the operation of conveyors
3.1. Cleaning of spilled material from under belt conveyors must be mechanized (hydraulic cleaning, etc.). Material removal manually from under the head, tail and deflecting drums
Descent of people into the bunker
4.1. When the conveyors are stopped for a long time (especially in winter), the belts must be completely freed from the transported material and their tension must be loosened. When the conveyor starts, the belt in
Electrical safety during operation of conveyors
5.1. The speed of the conveyor belt during manual rock removal should not exceed 0.5 m/s. In the place of rock sampling, the tape must be fenced. 5.2. It is forbidden to lay cables along cons
Electrical safety levels
The danger of electric shock to people at work is due to non-observance of safety precautions, as well as failure or malfunction of electrical equipment. The consequence of this may
Electric shock protection
To ensure life safety in the maintenance of electrical installations and the reliability of operation, it is necessary to strictly observe the rules for the technical operation of electrical installations and to take measures
Requirements for the organization of power supply of the mine
1.1. Design, operation and repair of electrical installations (electrical equipment, power supply networks) of an open pit mining facility must be carried out in accordance with applicable regulations.
Safety requirements for electrical equipment
2.1. Each launcher must have a clear inscription indicating the installation it turns on. 2.2. When working in electrical installations and on power lines, organizational and technical
Protection in electrical installations
3.1. All mobile electrical installations up to 1000 V, powered by transformers with isolated neutral, must have fast-acting protection against current leakage to earth (case) with automatic
Equipment grounding and connection requirements
4.1. The following are not subject to grounding: wooden poles power lines and wooden structures from
The composition of the cut atmosphere
1.1. The composition of the atmosphere of the cuts must meet the established standards for the content of the main constituent parts air and harmful impurities(dust, gases) taking into account the current state standards
Requirements for places where gases and dust are emitted
2.1. In places where gases and dust are released, dust and gas control measures developed in the prescribed manner should be applied. In cases where the means used do not provide the necessary
Radiation safety in quarries
3.1. If there are radiation-hazardous factors in the sections, a set of organizational and technical measures should be implemented to ensure compliance with the requirements of the Federal Law "On the
General provisions
1. An accident elimination plan (APP) is developed for open pits, sections of mines and other objects of the coal industry, where open pit mining is carried out, accidents in which are associated with real
Basic recommendations for the preparation of the operational part of the emergency response plan
BUT. General provisions The operational part of the PLA should cover all work and the main types of possible accidents at the mine that threaten the safety of people or the environment. At
The main causes of fires in buildings and other production facilities
The conditions for the occurrence of fires are: o the formation of a combustible environment; o formation of sources of ignition in a combustible medium. Most common causes fires:
Organizational measures to ensure fire safety
Organizational events include: ü appointment of officials responsible for fire safety in the organization; ü establishing
Officials responsible for fire safety and the procedure for their appointment
From section 1 (clauses 8.10) of the Fire Safety Rules it follows that the heads of organizations have the right to appoint persons who, by their position or by the nature of the work performed, by virtue of
Requirements for the provision of primary fire extinguishing equipment and their maintenance
Primary fire extinguishing equipment includes: manual and mobile fire extinguishers; water; sand. When determining the types and quantity of primary fire extinguishing agents
Procedure in case of fire in buildings
In buildings and structures (except for residential buildings), with more than 10 people on the floor at a time, a fire warning system must be provided for people (from clause 16 of the Rules).
Accident response plan
The accident response plan (AP) is a document that provides for all measures to rescue people caught in an accident in a mine, to eliminate accidents in the initial period of their development, and also determine
Structure, organization of service and combat training of the HCMC
The structure of the VGSCH, the organization of their service and combat training are subordinated to the main goal - maintaining the constant combat readiness of mountain rescue units. The primary operating unit of the HCV
Labor of the Kemerovo region
State Labor Inspectorate of the Kemerovo Region
On labor protection for workers
N p / p Date of issue Designation (number) of the instruction Name of the instruction Number of issued copies Ф
Safe methods and techniques for performing work when applying for a job
a) is carried out induction training and initial briefing at the workplace: Name Who is instructed
With workers during their working life
Name Who is instructed When or in what cases Executive instructing Program
Cases and occupational diseases
Policyholder (employer) Insurer
With harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions
1. Reduced working hours established for workers employed in work with harmful and (or) hazardous conditions labor
Minor accident at work
Who issues the order Who is the chairman of the commission Who are the members of the commission To investigate a minor accident
fatal accident
Who issues the order Chairman of the commission Members of the commission - employees of the enterprise Members of the commission - representatives of each other
Explosion and fire hazard
Room category Characteristics of the substance, materials located (circulating) in the room A Explosive and fire hazardous
Wheels of cars BelAZ-7519,75191
№ p / n Operation Sequence of execution of operations Category of work Specifications and security measures
Locations of open pit mining facilities
Quarry objects Lowest illumination, lx Plane in which illumination is normalized Note by Terry
During blasting on the earth's surface
Item No. Types and methods of blasting operations Minimum permissible radii of hazardous areas, m
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