Buildings with mass stay of people

Instruction on measures fire safety when holding events at facilities with a mass stay of people.

1. General requirements

1.1. The requirements of this Instruction are mandatory for all employees of the organization ( cultural institutions, educational, children's, preschool, educational) and other institutions and facilities with a mass stay of people.

1.2. The following terms are used in this manual:
Fire safety- the state of protection of the individual, property, society from fires.
fire- an uncontrolled combustion process that causes material damage, harm to human life and health.
fire safety requirements- special conditions of a social and technical nature, established in order to ensure fire safety by law Russian Federation, regulations documents or authorized state body.
fire safety measures- actions to ensure fire safety, including the implementation of fire safety requirements.
fire mode- rules of conduct for people, the procedure for organizing production and maintenance of premises, ensuring the prevention of violations of safety requirements and extinguishing fires.
crowded events- events held in halls (premises) with a simultaneous stay of 50 or more people.
1.3. Employees are allowed to serve events with a mass stay of people only after they have passed a fire safety briefing (introductory, primary and repeated) with an entry in the fire safety briefing register and familiarized them with this instruction against signature.
1.4. In order to organize and carry out work to prevent fires at the facility, during mass events (simultaneous presence of 50 or more people), the head of the organization may create a fire and technical commission.

2. Requirements for holding events with mass attendance of people

2.1. The number of people simultaneously in the halls (rooms) of buildings and structures with mass stay of people (rooms with a simultaneous stay of 50 or more people) should not exceed the number established by design standards or determined by calculation (order for the enterprise), based on the condition of ensuring safe evacuation of people in case of fire.

2.2. When holding events with a mass stay of people (discotheques, celebrations, performances, etc.), it is necessary to ensure that all premises are inspected before the start of events in order to determine their readiness in terms of compliance with fire safety measures, to ensure that responsible persons are on duty on the stage and in the halls.
2.3. If there are combustible ceilings in the building (structure), when holding events with a mass stay of people, it is allowed to use only the premises located on the 1st and 2nd floors. In rooms where there is no electric lighting, events with mass participation of people are held only during daylight hours.
2.4. At events, electric garlands and illuminations that have the appropriate certificate of conformity can be used.
2.5. If a malfunction is detected in the illumination or garlands (heating of wires, flashing lights, sparks, etc.), they must be immediately de-energized.
2.6. Christmas tree must be installed on a stable base and not obstruct the exit from the room. Tree branches should be at least 1 meter away from walls and ceilings.
2.7. When holding events with a mass stay of people in the premises, it is prohibited:
use pyrotechnic products, arc spotlights and candles;
decorate the Christmas tree with gauze and cotton wool not impregnated with flame retardants;
carry out fire, painting and other fire hazardous and fire and explosion hazardous works before or during performances;
reduce the width of the aisles between the rows and install additional chairs, chairs, etc. in the aisles;
completely turn off the lights in the room during performances or performances;
allow violations established norms filling the premises with people.
2.8. At facilities with a massive stay of people, the head of the organization ensures the availability of serviceable electric lights at the rate of 1 lamp for 50 people.
2.9. Above the doors intended for the evacuation of people, green light indicators with the inscription "Exit", and signs in the corridors. Duty personnel must be provided with serviceable electric lights.
2.10. Carpets, rugs and other floor coverings at facilities with a mass stay of people and on evacuation routes must be securely fastened to the floor.
2.11. In visual, demonstration and exhibition halls fire safety signs with self-powered and from the mains can only be switched on for a while
2.12. Lens searchlights, searchlights and spotlights are placed at a distance that is safe from combustible structures and materials, specified in the technical operating conditions of the product. Light filters for spotlights and spotlights must be made of non-combustible materials.
2.13. The head of the organization, when conducting sales, promotions and other events related to the mass stay of people in the trading floors, is obliged to take additional fire safety measures aimed, among other things, at restricting the access of visitors to the trading floors, as well as appoint those responsible for their observance.
2.14. On the territory adjacent to the facility, the entrances to fire reservoirs and hydrants, as well as the covers of fire hydrant wells, must be cleared of snow and ice, and signs of their location should be installed on the walls of buildings.
2.15. When organizing and holding New Year's events with a mass stay of people, it is prohibited:
install a Christmas tree near the doors of emergency exits and block up corridors, passages and approaches to primary fire extinguishing equipment;
keep the doors of emergency exits during performances on hard-to-open locks (locks);
carry out activities with locked swing bars on the windows of the premises;
arrange kiosks on the evacuation routes for the issuance and sale of New Year's gifts;
use arc spotlights, candles and firecrackers, arrange fireworks and other light fire hazardous effects that can lead to a fire;
use home-made electric garlands, light and music installations, electromusical equipment, devices for rotating Christmas trees and creating the effects of flashing Christmas garlands;
decorate the Christmas tree with celluloid toys;
dress children in suits made of flammable materials;
carry out fire, painting and other fire hazardous and fire and explosion hazardous work;
use shutters on windows to darken rooms;
reduce the width of the aisles between the rows and install additional chairs, chairs, etc. in the aisles;
completely turn off the lights in the room during performances.

3. Responsibilities of the person responsible for fire safety

3.1. The person responsible for the fire safety of objects with mass stay of people is obliged to:

familiarize all employees, as well as service personnel, against signature with the requirements of this instruction, which apply to the above institutions, as well as with duties in the event of a fire;
establish strict control in buildings and premises over compliance with the fire regime;
provided in all premises required amount serviceable and trusted primary fire extinguishing equipment;
check the serviceability and operability of the available means of automatic fire protection, internal fire water supply with the execution of an act on the results of the audit;
check the condition of the electrical network, electrical equipment and evacuation lighting in terms of compliance with the requirements of the Electrical Installation Rules, the Rules technical operation electrical installations of consumers and fire safety rules;
develop a system for alerting people using technical means and special texts, as well as ensure that the facility has an evacuation plan in case of a fire when holding mass events with the number of jobs for 10 or more people;
at least once every 6 months to ensure the implementation of practical training for persons carrying out their activities at a facility with a mass stay of people;
to consider and agree in advance the scenario (program) of the mass event, prohibit the use and use of open fire and fire effects. Instruct participants in the performances about fire safety measures;
before the start of the mass event, carefully inspect all premises, emergency exits and personally verify that they are fully prepared for the mass event. At the end of the event, conduct a re-examination of all premises, eliminate existing shortcomings, de-energize the power grid and record the results of the inspection in a special journal;
ensure the opening of the doors of evacuation exits, and when carrying out activities with children, ensure that an employee on duty is at each door of the hall (premises);
in the event of a fire, ensure an organized evacuation of personnel, as well as all other persons present at the mass event. It is necessary to proceed with the evacuation of people in accordance with the developed evacuation plans.

4. Responsibility for ensuring fire safety requirements during public events

4.1. Responsibility for compliance with fire safety requirements throughout the organization rests with the head of the organization.

4.2. Responsibility for compliance with fire safety rules directly during a specific event with a mass stay of people lies with the person appointed by order, as well as the duty officer.
4.3. Each employee is responsible for compliance with fire safety rules at his workplace.

St. Petersburg GKU "Fire and rescue squad for the Krasnogvardeisky district"

Study questions: 1. Fire safety measures during the operation of electrical networks, electrical equipment and electric heaters; 2. Short circuit, overload, contact resistance, sparking, their essence, causes and methods of prevention; 3. Storage and handling of flammable liquids. The main factors determining the fire hazard of flammable liquids and combustible liquids. Requirements for the places of their storage; 4. Development of an evacuation plan, maintenance of escape routes, use of elevators during a fire; 5. Features of the spread of fire in high-rise buildings; 6. Increased danger of combustion products; 7. Smoke-free staircases; 8. Special fire safety requirements for premises with a significant number of electrical appliances, office equipment and office equipment; 9. The order of storage of printed materials and documents. Study Question #1. "Fire safety measures during the operation of electrical networks, electrical equipment and electric heaters"

40. It is forbidden to leave electrical installations and household electrical appliances not de-energized at the end of working hours in rooms where there are no on-duty personnel, with the exception of emergency lighting, systems fire protection, as well as other electrical installations and electrical appliances, if this is due to their functional purpose and (or) provided for by the requirements of the operating instructions.
41. It is prohibited to lay and operate overhead power lines (including temporary ones and those laid by cable) over combustible roofs, sheds, as well as open warehouses(stacks, stacks, etc.) of combustible substances, materials and products.

42. It is forbidden:

in)		wrap electric lamps and lamps with paper, cloth and other combustible materials, as well as operate lamps with caps (diffusers) removed, provided for by the design of the lamp;
G)		use electric irons, electric stoves, electric kettles and other electric heaters that do not have thermal protection devices, as well as in the absence or malfunction of the thermostats provided for by the design;
e)		use non-standard (self-made) electric heaters;
e)		left unattended included in electrical network electric heaters, as well as other household electrical appliances, including those in standby mode, with the exception of electrical appliances that can and (or) must be in round-the-clock operation in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions;
and)		place (storage) combustible (including flammable) substances and materials in electrical switchboards (near electrical panels), electric motors and starting equipment;
h)		when carrying out emergency and other construction, installation and restoration work, use temporary electrical wiring, including extension cords, surge protectors that are not designed according to their characteristics to power the electrical appliances used.

In visual, demonstration and exhibition halls, self-powered fire safety signs and from the mains may be switched on only for the duration of events with the presence of people.

At storage facilities (XIV. Storage facilities):

348. It is prohibited to use emergency lighting in warehouse premises, to use gas stoves and electric heaters, install sockets.
349. The equipment of warehouses at the end of the working day must be de-energized. Devices designed to disconnect the power supply of the warehouse must be located outside the warehouse on a wall made of non-combustible materials or a free-standing support.

During construction, installation and restoration work (XV. Construction, installation and restoration work)

382. It is prohibited during the performance of work related to the installation of hydro- and vapor barriers on the roof, the installation of panels with combustible and slow-burning heaters, to perform electric welding and other hot work.
387. Mobile units With gas burners infrared radiation placed on the floor must have a special stable stand. The gas cylinder must be at least 1.5 meters away from the installation and other heating devices, and at least 1 meter from the electric meter, switches and other electrical appliances.

During fire hazardous work. (XVI. Fire hazardous work) 430. When carrying out electric welding works: b) welding wires should be connected by crimping, welding, soldering or special clamps. Connection of electrical wires to the electrode holder, the workpiece to be welded and welding machine performed using copper cable lugs bolted with washers;

437. To carry out hot work (fire heating of bitumen, gas and electric welding, gas and electric cutting work, gasoline and kerosene cutting work, soldering work, cutting metal with a mechanized tool) at temporary places (except construction sites and private households) the head of the organization or the person responsible for fire safety issues a work permit for the performance of hot work in the form prescribed application no. 4. Study question number 2. "Short circuit, overload, contact resistance, sparking, their essence, causes and methods of prevention"

The main reasons in connection with which a short circuit may occur:

The main reason that can occur KZ is a violation of the insulation of electrical equipment.

Insulation faults are caused by:

1. Lightning strikes.
2. Temporary aging of insulation.
3. Poor maintenance of electrical equipment.
4. Mechanical damage to insulation.

Also, the actions of unqualified service personnel, can lead to damage to the electrical part of the electrical equipment.

The following main consequences of short circuits can be distinguished:

• Thermal and mechanical damage to electrical equipment.
• Possible fires in electrical installations.
• Reducing the voltage level in the mains, which leads to a decrease in torque electric motors, performance degradation, and sometimes even to their stop and breakage.
• Loss of synchronism of some power plants, generators, parts of the electrical system, which leads to accidents and emergencies.
• Direct electromagnetic influence on various communications and communication lines.

Short circuit protection methods:

Measures to limit the short-circuit current:

• Electric reactors are installed, which should limit the supply of electric current.
• They use parallelization of electrical circuits, that is, they turn off bus-connecting and sectional switches.
• Switching equipment is used - circuit breakers and fuses.
• Various step-down transformers are used that use a split low voltage winding.

2.2. Overload is called such a phenomenon when electric wires and electrical appliances more current flows. The main reasons for overload are: The danger of overload is due to the thermal effect of the current. So, for cables with paper insulation, their service life can be determined according to the well-known "eight-degree rule", according to which every 8°C temperature increase reduces the insulation service life by 2 times. The Electrical Installation Rules (PUE) regulate the permissible continuous currents for wires, cords and cables with rubber or plastic insulation. They are accepted for temperatures: core +65, ambient air +25 and ground +15°С. In addition, when the electrical network is overloaded, the devices and devices connected to it constantly experience a shortage of current, which can lead to their emergency failure. 2.3. contact resistance (PS) called the resistance that occurs at the points of current transition from one wire to another or from a wire to any electrical device in the presence of poor contact at the junction and termination (when twisting, for example). During the passage of current in such places, per unit time, a large number of warmth. If heated contacts come into contact with combustible materials, then they may ignite, and in the presence of explosive mixtures, an explosion. This is the danger of PS, which is aggravated by the fact that places with transitional resistances difficult to detect, and the protective devices of networks and installations, even correctly selected, cannot prevent the occurrence of a fire, since electricity in the circuit does not increase, and the heating of the section with the PS occurs only due to an increase in resistance. In accordance with GOST 12.1.004-91 SSBT. Fire safety. General requirements. heating temperature electrical contacts in the event of increased transient resistances, it directly proportionally depends on the electric power released in the contact transitions and is inversely proportional to the heat exchange surface area and the total heat transfer coefficient. Wherein electric power, released in contact transitions, is calculated as the product of the current strength in the network and the sum of the voltage drops in each contact pair electrical connection(for aluminum, the value of the voltage drop across the contact pairs is 0.28; for copper, 0.65). 2.4. Sparking and electric arc is the result of current passing through air. Sparking is observed when electrical circuits are opened under load (for example, when an electrical plug is removed from an electrical outlet), when there is a breakdown of insulation between conductors, and also in all cases when there are poor contacts at the junctions and terminations of wires and cables. Under the action of an electric field, the air between the contacts is ionized and, with a sufficient voltage, a discharge occurs, accompanied by air glow and crackling (glow discharge). With increasing voltage, the glow discharge turns into a spark discharge, and with sufficient power, the spark discharge can be in the form electric arc. Sparks and electric arcs in the presence of combustible substances or explosive mixtures in the room can cause a fire and explosion. Electrical installations must be installed and operated in accordance with the Rules for the Installation of Electrical Installations (PUE), the Rules for the Operation of Electrical Installations of Consumers (PEEP), the Safety Rules for the Operation of Electrical Installations of Consumers (PTB) and other regulatory documents. it mandatory requirement Rules of the fire regime in the Russian Federation. The main task of the head of the enterprise is to carry out organizational measures to ensure the appropriate fire-fighting mode of operation of electrical installations at the facility, which consist in the appropriate training of qualified maintenance personnel, the development of operational, job descriptions and instructions on labor protection with the inclusion of fire safety issues. Electrical personnel must undergo periodic testing of knowledge of fire safety rules simultaneously with testing knowledge of labor safety rules during the operation of electrical installations. Training question number 3. "Storage and handling of flammable liquids. The main factors determining the fire hazard of flammable liquids and combustible liquids. Requirements for their storage places" 18. It is forbidden to leave containers with flammable and combustible liquids, combustible gases on the territories adjacent to objects, including residential buildings, as well as to the objects of horticultural, gardening and country non-profit associations of citizens. 23. At the facilities it is prohibited: a) store and use in attics, basements and basements flammable and combustible liquids, gunpowder, explosives, pyrotechnic products, flammable gas cylinders, aerosol products, celluloid and other fire and explosion hazardous substances and materials, except as provided for by other regulatory fire safety documents; h) clean rooms and wash clothes using gasoline, kerosene and other flammable and combustible liquids, as well as thaw frozen pipes with blowtorches and other methods using open fire; Draining of flammable and combustible liquids into sewer networks (including in case of accidents) is prohibited. 82. The head of the organization before the start heating season, and also during the heating season ensures the cleaning of chimneys and stoves (heaters) from soot at least: b) use as fuel waste oil products and other flammable and combustible liquids that are not provided for specifications for the operation of the equipment; 84. During the operation of stove heating, it is prohibited: c) use gasoline, kerosene to ignite stoves, diesel fuel and other flammable and combustible liquids; V. Scientific and educational organizations 98. In premises intended for conducting experiments (experiments) with the use of flammable and combustible liquids, it is allowed to store them in quantities not exceeding the shift requirement, in accordance with consumption standards for specific installations. Delivery of these liquids to the premises is carried out in a closed container. b) carry out the sale of flammable and combustible liquids, combustible gases (including gas cylinders, paints and varnishes, solvents, goods in aerosol packaging), gunpowder, primers, pyrotechnics and other explosive products, if the objects of trade organizations are located in buildings that are not buildings of functional fire hazard class F3.1, determined in accordance with the Federal Law " Technical regulation on fire safety requirements"; c) place departments, sections for the sale of flammable and combustible liquids, combustible gases and pyrotechnic products at a distance of less than 4 meters from exits, stairwells and other escape routes; 123. Trade in goods is prohibited household chemicals, varnishes, paints and other flammable and combustible liquids packaged in glass containers with a capacity of more than 1 liter each, as well as flammable goods without labels with warning signs "Flammable", "Do not spray near fire." 125. Storage and sale of kerosene and other flammable liquids by pouring into containers is allowed only in separate buildings made of non-combustible materials, including floors. The floor level in these buildings should be lower than the adjacent planning mark in such a way that liquid spillage in case of an accident is excluded. Stove heating is not allowed in these buildings. 126. Trading floors are separated by fire partitions from storerooms, in which containers with kerosene or other combustible liquids are installed. Containers (tanks, barrels) should not be more than 5 cubic meters. meters. 130. Containers from kerosene and other flammable liquids are stored only in special fenced areas. 138. In laboratories, departments medical organizations and offices of medical workers, it is allowed to store medicines and medical products related to flammable and combustible liquids (alcohol, ether, etc.), with a total weight of not more than 3 kilograms, taking into account their compatibility in lockable metal cabinets. IX. Production facilities 146. For washing and degreasing equipment, products and parts, non-combustible technical detergents, except in cases where, under the terms technological process for washing and degreasing equipment, products and parts, the use of flammable and combustible liquids is provided. 148. Sampling of flammable and combustible liquids from tanks (containers) and measuring their level should be done during daylight hours. It is forbidden to carry out the above operations during a thunderstorm, as well as during the pumping or pumping out of the product. It is forbidden to supply flammable and combustible liquids into tanks (containers) by a falling jet. The rate of filling and emptying the tank should not exceed the total throughput breathing valves (vent pipes) installed on the tanks. 186. At power plants: j) it is forbidden to arrange storerooms in the premises and corridors of closed switchgears and substations that are not related to switchgear, as well as store electrical equipment, spare parts, containers with flammable liquids and cylinders with various gases.
XI. Transport infrastructure facilities c) carry out blacksmithing, thermal, welding, painting and woodworking, as well as washing parts using flammable and combustible liquids; XII. Transportation of fire-explosive and flammable substances and materials 289. When organizing the transportation of fire-explosive and flammable substances and materials, the requirements of the rules and other duly approved regulatory and technical documentation for their transportation should be observed. It is forbidden to operate vehicles carrying flammable and combustible liquids without grounding, primary fire extinguishing equipment, and also not marked in accordance with the degree of danger of the cargo and not equipped with serviceable spark arresters. XIV. Storage objects 341. Cylinders with combustible gases, containers (bottles, large bottles, other containers) with flammable and combustible liquids, as well as aerosol packages must be protected from solar and other thermal effects. 344. It is prohibited to store flammable and combustible liquids in workshop pantries in excess of the norms established at the enterprise. At workplaces, the amount of these fluids should not exceed the shift requirement. 347. All operations related to opening containers, checking serviceability and minor repairs, packaging products, preparing working mixtures of flammable liquids (nitro-paints, varnishes and other combustible liquids) must be carried out in rooms isolated from storage areas. 353. It is prohibited in warehouses of flammable and combustible liquids: a) operation of leaky equipment and stop valves; b) operation of tanks with distortions and cracks, openings or cracks on floating roofs, as well as faulty equipment, instrumentation, supply pipelines and stationary fire fighting devices; c) the presence of trees, shrubs and dry vegetation inside the embankments; d) installation of containers (reservoirs) on a base made of combustible materials; e) overflow of tanks and cisterns; f) sampling from tanks during the discharge or loading of oil and oil products; g) draining and loading oil and oil products during a thunderstorm. 354. In warehouses of flammable and combustible liquids: a) breather valves and flame arresters must be checked in accordance with technical documentation manufacturers; b) when inspecting breathing valves, it is necessary to clean the valves and screens from ice, they are heated only by fireproof methods; c) sampling and measurement of the liquid level in the tank must be carried out using devices made of materials that exclude sparking; d) it is allowed to store liquids only in serviceable containers. Spilled liquid must be cleaned up immediately; e) it is forbidden to spill oil products, as well as store packaging material and containers directly in storage facilities and on bunded sites. 414. When carrying out hot work, it is necessary: a) before carrying out hot work, ventilate the premises where vapors of flammable and combustible liquids, as well as combustible gases can accumulate; 426. When carrying out hot work, it is prohibited: c) use clothes and gloves with traces of oils, fats, gasoline, kerosene and other flammable liquids; d) store clothing, flammable and combustible liquids, and other combustible materials in welding booths; 31. During hot work related to metal cutting: a) it is necessary to take measures to prevent the spill of flammable and combustible liquids. Training question number 4. "Development of an evacuation plan, maintenance of escape routes, use of elevators during a fire" According to paragraph 7 resolutionn in an object with a mass stay of people (except for residential buildings), as well as at a facility with jobs on the floor for 10 or more people, the head of the organization ensures that people have evacuation plans in case of fire. On the plan for the evacuation of people in case of fire, the places of storage of primary fire extinguishing equipment are indicated.

According to SNiP 21-01-97 * "Fire safety of buildings and structures" (Building codes and regulations), clause 6.9 * exits are evacuation if they lead:
	a) from the premises of the first floor to the outside:
	-	directly;
	-	through the corridor
	-	through the lobby (foyer);
	-	through the stairwell;
	-	through the corridor and lobby (foyer);
	-	through the corridor and stairwell;
	b) from the premises of any floor, except for the first:
	-	directly to the stairwell or to the stairs of the 3rd type;
	-	to the corridor leading directly to the stairwell or to the stairs of the 3rd type;
	-	in the hall (foyer), which has access directly to the stairwell or to the stairs of the 3rd type;
	c) next door(except classroom F5 category A or B) on the same floor, provided with exits indicated in and ; an exit to a room of category A or B can be considered an evacuation one if it leads from technical room without permanent jobs, intended to serve the above premises of category A or B. Exits from the basement and basement floors, which are evacuation, as a rule, should be provided directly to the outside, separated from the common stairwells of the building.

Allowed:
-	evacuation exits from the basements should be provided through common staircases with a separate exit to the outside, separated from the rest of the staircase by a blind type 1 fire wall;
-	provide emergency exits from basement and basement floors with rooms of categories C, D and D to rooms of categories B4, D, D and to the lobby located on the first floor of class F5 buildings, subject to the requirements of 7.23*;
-	emergency exits from the foyer, dressing rooms, smoking rooms and sanitary facilities located in the basement or basement floors of buildings of classes F2, F3 and F4, provide for the lobby of the first floor along separate stairs of the 2nd type;
-	evacuation exits from the premises should be provided directly to the stairs of the 2nd type, to the corridor or hall (foyer, vestibule) leading to such a staircase, under the conditions specified in the regulatory documents;
-	equip with a vestibule, including a double one, exit directly to the outside of the building, from the basement and basement floors.

6.10* Exits are not evacuation if sliding and lifting-lowering doors and gates, gates for railway rolling stock, revolving doors and turnstiles are installed in their openings. Swing gates in these gates can be considered as emergency exits.

6.11* The number and width of evacuation exits from rooms, from floors and from buildings are determined depending on the maximum possible number of people evacuating through them and the maximum allowable distance from the most remote place where people can stay (workplace) to the nearest evacuation exit. Parts of the building of various functional fire hazards, separated by fire barriers, must be provided with independent evacuation exits.

6.12* At least two emergency exits must have:
-	premises of class F1.1, intended for the simultaneous stay of more than 10 people;
-	premises of the basement and basement floors, intended for the simultaneous stay of more than 15 people; in the premises of the basement and basement floors, intended for the simultaneous stay of 6 to 15 people, one of the two exits may be provided in accordance with the requirements of 6.20*, g;
-	premises intended for the simultaneous stay of more than 50 people;
-	premises of class F5 of categories A and B with more than 5 people working in the most numerous shift, category C - more than 25 people. or area over 1000 m 2 ;
-	open shelves and platforms in rooms of class F5, intended for servicing equipment, with a floor area of ​​​​a tier of more than 100 m 2- for rooms of categories A and B and more than 400 m 2- for premises of other categories.

Premises of class F1.3 (apartments) located on two floors (levels), with an upper floor height of more than 18 m, must have emergency exits from each floor.

6.13* At least two emergency exits must have floors of buildings of the following class:
-	F1.1 (Children's preschool institutions, specialized nursing homes and disabled people (non-apartment), hospitals, dormitories of boarding schools and children's institutions);
	F1.2 (Hotels, hostels, dormitories of sanatoriums and rest houses general type, campsites, motels and boarding houses);
-	F2.1 (Theatres, cinemas, concert halls, clubs, circuses, sports facilities with stands, libraries and other institutions with an estimated number seats for indoor visitors)
-	F.2.2 (Museums, exhibitions, dance halls and other similar institutions indoors);
-	FZ (Public Service Enterprises);
-	F4 (Educational institutions, scientific and design organizations, management institutions).

According to paragraph 7 Rules of the fire regime in the Russian Federation (approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 25, 2012 N 390) Clause 12. At a facility with a mass stay of people, the head of the organization ensures that there is an instruction on the actions of personnel for the evacuation of people in case of fire, as well as practical training of persons carrying out their activities at the facility at least once every six months.
13. At an object with a round-the-clock stay of people belonging to low-mobility groups of the population (disabled people with lesions of the musculoskeletal system, people with visual impairments and hearing impairments, as well as elderly people and temporarily disabled), the head of the organization organizes the training of persons carrying out their activities at the facility, to the actions for the evacuation of these citizens in the event of a fire.

23. At the facilities it is prohibited:

e) remove the stipulated project documentation doors of emergency exits from floor corridors, halls, foyers, vestibules and stairwells, other doors that prevent the spread dangerous factors fire on evacuation routes; f) to make changes in space-planning solutions and placement engineering communications and equipment, as a result of which access to fire extinguishers, fire hydrants and other fire safety systems is limited or the coverage area of ​​automatic fire protection systems (automatic fire alarm, stationary automatic installation fire extinguishing systems, smoke removal systems, warning and evacuation control systems); g) clutter doors, hatches on balconies and loggias, transitions to adjacent sections and exits to external evacuation stairs with furniture, equipment and other items, dismantle inter-balcony stairs, weld and block up hatches on balconies and loggias of apartments; 25. It is not allowed to stay more than 50 people in rooms with one emergency exit at the same time. At the same time, in buildings of IV and V degrees of fire resistance, the simultaneous stay of more than 50 people is allowed only in the premises of the 1st floor.
33. When operating evacuation routes and exits, the head of the organization ensures compliance with design decisions and requirements normative documents on fire safety (including lighting, quantity, size and space-planning solutions for evacuation routes and exits, as well as the presence of fire safety signs on evacuation routes) in accordance with the requirements of Article 84 of the Federal Law "Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements" .
35. The locks on the doors of emergency exits must provide the possibility of their free opening from the inside without a key. The head of the organization at the site of which the fire broke out shall provide fire departments with access to closed premises for the purpose of localizing and extinguishing the fire. 36. During the operation of evacuation routes, evacuation and emergency exits, it is prohibited: a) arrange thresholds on evacuation routes (with the exception of thresholds in doorways), install sliding and lifting-lowering doors and gates without the ability to manually open them from the inside and block them in the open state, revolving doors and turnstiles, as well as other devices that prevent the free evacuation of people, in the absence of other (duplicate) escape routes or in the absence of technical solutions that allow you to manually open and lock open the specified devices. In addition to the manual method, it is allowed to use an automatic or remote method of opening and blocking devices; b) block up evacuation routes and exits (including passages, corridors, vestibules, galleries, elevator lobbies, landings, flights of stairs, doors, evacuation hatches) various materials, products, equipment, industrial waste, garbage and other items, as well as block the doors of emergency exits; c) arrange in vestibules of exits (with the exception of apartments and individual residential buildings) dryers and hangers for clothes, wardrobes, as well as store (including temporarily) inventory and materials; d) fix self-closing doors of staircases, corridors, halls and vestibules in the open position (if devices that automatically trigger in case of fire are not used for these purposes), and also remove them; e) close the blinds or glaze the transitions of air zones in non-smokeable stairwells; f) replace reinforced glass with conventional glass in the glazing of doors and transoms; g) change the direction of door opening, with the exception of doors, the opening of which is not standardized or for which other requirements are imposed in accordance with regulatory legal acts. 37. The head of the organization, when arranging technological, exhibition and other equipment in the premises, ensures the availability of passages to evacuation routes and evacuation exits. 39. Carpets, rugs and other floor coverings at facilities with a mass stay of people and on evacuation routes must be securely fastened to the floor.
43. The head of the organization provides working condition fire safety signs, including those indicating escape routes and evacuation exits. Emergency lighting should turn on automatically when the power supply to the working lighting is interrupted. IV. Buildings for human habitation 90. It is prohibited to arrange industrial and warehouses for the use and storage of explosive, fire-explosive and flammable substances and materials, change their functional purpose, including when renting, except for cases provided for by regulatory legal acts and regulatory documents on fire safety. 91. It is forbidden to store cylinders with combustible gases in individual residential buildings, apartments and living rooms, as well as in kitchens, escape routes, stairwells, basements, basements and attic spaces, on balconies and loggias. VI. Cultural, educational and entertainment institutions 106. The head of the organization ensures the development of a plan for the evacuation of exhibits and other valuables from a museum, art gallery, as well as a plan for the evacuation of animals from a circus and a zoo in case of fire. 107. In the auditoriums and on the stands of cultural, educational and entertainment institutions, chairs and chairs should be connected to each other in rows and firmly fixed to the floor. It is allowed not to fix armchairs (chairs) in boxes with the number of seats not more than 12 if there is an independent exit from the box to the evacuation routes. VII. Objects of trade organizations 115. At the objects of trade organizations it is prohibited: d) install flammable gas cylinders in trading floors for filling balloons and for other purposes; e) place trading, gambling devices and trade on the landings of stairwells, in vestibules and on other evacuation routes. 116. Temporary storage of combustible materials, waste, packages and containers in trading floors and on evacuation routes is prohibited. 122. Prohibited in working time to carry out loading (unloading) of goods and containers along the evacuation routes.
VIII. Medical organizations

b) install beds in corridors, hallways and other escape routes.

It is strictly forbidden to use the elevator during a fire, in such a situation, not only the power supply may suddenly turn off, but the elevator shaft itself works as an exhaust hood, which can cause poisoning by combustion products. An elevator during a fire is a real chimney in which it is easy to suffocate. In addition, in the event of a fire, they can deliberately turn off the electricity.

Training question number 5. "Features of the spread of fire in high-rise buildings"

Literature: 1. Povzik Ya.S. Fire tacticsM.: CJSC "Spetstechnika", 2004. - 416 p.

Buildings with mass stay of people are buildings in which there are 50 or more people at the same time. These include theatres, Palaces of Culture, cinemas, clubs, concert halls, educational establishments, trade establishments, administrative buildings, hospitals, exhibitions, museums. The height of rooms in buildings with mass stay of people ranges from 3 to 9 m or more. For example, in the stage part of theater buildings, it reaches 25-40 m. Corridors in buildings with mass stay of people are the main horizontal communications that provide communication between rooms within the floor, and also the paths of movement from the premises to the stairs. The minimum width of corridors for mass movement is 1.5 m (clean) and secondary (with a length of 10 m) 1.25 m. In medical and preventive institutions, the width of corridors is arranged at least 2.2 m. Corridors into which doors open classrooms, are arranged with a width of at least 1.8 m with opening doors to the corridor. Stairs, intermittent and continuous lifts, passenger and freight elevators and escalators are used as vertical communications in buildings with a massive stay of people. In real fire conditions, the main factors causing loss of consciousness or death of people are: direct contact with the flame, high temperature, lack of oxygen, the presence of carbon monoxide and other toxic substances in the smoke, and mechanical impacts. The most dangerous are the lack of oxygen and the presence of toxic substances‚ t‚k. about 50-60% of fire deaths are due to poisoning and suffocation. Experience shows that in closed rooms, a decrease in oxygen concentration in some cases is possible after 1-2 minutes from the onset of a fire. For example, in theaters with an auditorium and stage volume of 25,000 m 3, when the scenery is rubbed, the oxygen concentration decreases to dangerous values ​​within 2-3 minutes. Of particular danger to people's lives in fires is the impact on their body of flue gases containing toxic products of combustion and decomposition of various substances and materials. Thus, the concentration of carbon monoxide in smoke in the amount of 0.05% is dangerous for human life. In some cases flue gases contain sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocyanic acid and other toxic substances, the short-term effect of which on the human body, even in small concentrations (sulfur dioxide 0.05; nitrogen oxides 0.025%; hydrocyanic acid 0.2%) leads to death. Extremely high potential danger to human life of combustion products of synthetic polymer materials. Hazardous concentrations can form even during thermal oxidation and degradation of small amounts of synthetic polymeric materials. Taking into account the fact that synthetic polymeric materials make up modern premises more than 50% of all materials, it is easy to see what danger they pose to people in a fire. The real threat to people's lives in high-rise buildings is even more increasing. As studies and fires in high-rise buildings have shown, combustion products will spread over the floors of the building within 2-3 minutes. At the same time, for the evacuation of people from such a building, even under normal conditions, it takes at least 10-15 minutes, or even more. It is also dangerous for people's lives to be affected by the high temperature of the combustion products, not only in the burning room, but also in the rooms adjacent to the burning room. Exceeding the temperature of heated gases above the temperature human body under such conditions leads to thermal shock. Already with an increase in human skin temperature to 42-46 ° C, pain(burning). The ambient temperature of 60-70°C is dangerous for human life, especially with significant humidity and inhalation of hot gases, and at temperatures above 0°C, loss of consciousness occurs and death occurs in a few minutes. No less dangerous than high temperature is the effect of thermal radiation on open surfaces of the human body. So thermal irradiation with an intensity of 1.1-1.4 kW / m 2 causes the same sensations in a person as a temperature of 42-46 ° C. The critical radiation intensity is considered to be an intensity equal to 4.2 kW/m. For comparison, in (Table 8.4) data are given on the time during which a person is able to endure thermal irradiation of an unprotected hand at various irradiation intensities.
People are even more at risk when they are directly exposed to the flame, for example, when the way of salvation is cut off by fire. In some cases, the rate of fire spread can be so high that it is very difficult or impossible to save a person caught in a fire without special protection (irrigation with water, protective clothing). To serious consequences also leads to the burning of clothes on a person. If the flames are not removed from clothing in a timely manner, a person can get burns, which usually cause death. Finally, a great danger in a fire is panic, which is a sudden, unaccountable, uncontrollable fear that seizes a mass of people. It arises from an unexpectedly appeared danger. People are immediately placed in the face of a formidable element, consciousness and will are suppressed by the impression of the fire, the impossibility of immediately finding a way out of the created situation. Training question number 6. "Increased risk of combustion products" The concentration of toxic combustion products that pose a danger to human life is characterized by the following values. The most dangerous product is not complete burning carbon monoxide, whose concentration of 0.5% causes fatal poisoning after 20 minutes, and at a concentration of 1.3% death occurs as a result of 2-3 breaths. Carbon dioxide is less dangerous, since it causes a real danger to life only at significant concentrations (8 - 10%). A decrease in oxygen concentration to 14% causes a real danger to life, and at a concentration of 10-11%, death occurs within a few minutes. Separate fires (during the burning of polymeric materials) may be accompanied by the release of environment such toxic compounds as hydrogen cyanide, phosgene, nitrogen oxides, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen chloride and others, a small concentration of which is fatal to humans. Strong smoke in the premises and evacuation routes leads to the loss of orientation by evacuees. Combustion products, in case of fire (GHG) are carriers of heat, products of incomplete and complete combustion, toxic substances and solid non-combustible particles. These substances, one way or another, have a harmful effect on the human body. The combined effect of these factors exacerbates the danger. The appearance of combustion products in places where people stay has a certain effect on them. psychological impact. A sensation of warmth, loss of visibility, or a peculiar odor is associated with a hazard of unknown size and direction. This often encourages people to act rashly, fraught with dire consequences. Outside the premises in which the fire occurred, the temperature of the combustion products may not be dangerous to humans, but the content of products of incomplete combustion can cause situations that are dangerous for people. This is especially true for high-rise buildings and buildings of the corridor system, in which the temperature of the combustion products may not be dangerous for humans, but the content of products of incomplete combustion can cause situations that are dangerous for people. It is known that GHGs propagate along corridors and stairwells at a speed of 30 m/min or more. Statistics and analysis of fires show that most people die from carbon monoxide (CO). It is known that gaseous substances contained in PG are water-soluble and insoluble. It has been established that gases (NH 3 , HCl, Cl, SO 2) are actively absorbed in the nasal cavities, and insoluble gases (for example, CO) penetrate into the lungs, where deep gas exchange with blood occurs in the alveoli. Blood hemoglobin has 200-250 times more high similarity to CO than to O 2, therefore, it primarily absorbs CO, giving carboxyhemoglobin (for example, at 0.1% CO concentration in the air, 50% of hemoglobin is saturated with carbon monoxide). Subjective signs of intoxication at a 40% concentration of carboxyhemoglobin in the blood, and are manifested by headache, fatigue. In this state, even a slight physical exertion associated, for example, with an attempt to leave the fire, can lead to loss of consciousness. It is generally accepted that the duration of contact with combustion products should be as short as possible due to the negative impact on the human body of all forms of combustion products. During the combustion of certain types of synthetic fibers and polymeric materials, it is not excluded that the products of decomposition and combustion may contain toxic substances that will have a harmful effect on humans before other OFPs. In this case, the cause of critical situations for humans are toxic substances contained in GHGs. Training question number 7. "Smoke-Free Stairwells"

Task: Click on the slide and study the study question.
Training question number 8. "Special fire safety requirements for premises with a significant number of electrical appliances, office equipment and office equipment" Summing up the lesson, we can formulate the main fire safety requirements for office premises:

When using serviceable electrical installations in the office, you cannot:

• use receivers electrical energy in conditions that do not comply with the current requirements of the manufacturer's instructions. Also, do not use receivers with malfunctions that could cause a fire. The same requirements apply to electrical wires and cables with poor or damaged insulation;
• operate damaged sockets, circuit breakers and other wiring accessories;
• wrap lamps and light bulbs with any paper, cloth or other materials that can cause a fire. In addition, the operation of luminaires with dismantled diffusers is not allowed, if their presence is provided for by the design of the product;
• use electrical appliances such as iron, kettle and other electric heating items that do not have heat protection devices. To eliminate the risk of fire, the stands of electrical appliances must be made of non-combustible materials;
• non-standard electric heaters are not allowed in the office. Safety precautions also prohibit the presence of uncalibrated fuse-links and other devices designed to protect against overload and short circuit;
• place or leave combustible substances and materials near electrical panels, motors and starting units.

“Cable products. Fire safety requirements" in "buildings and structures with a massive stay of people, including multifunctional high-rise buildings and complex buildings" it is necessary to use cable products in the version ng(A)-HF.

Therefore, when choosing the type of cables for electrical wiring in a building, structure or a separate room (as well as in many other cases), it is necessary to check whether the building under construction (reconstruction) has signs of a mass stay of people.

Unfortunately, various normative and technical documents (NTD) use different, conflicting definitions of buildings and premises with a mass stay of people. For example, in the current NTD (January 2017) we have:

Code of rules SP 118.13330.2012 "Public buildings and structures" (effective from 01.09.2014), paragraph B.20 in Appendix B:

B.20: Room with more than 1 person. per 1 m 2 of premises with an area of ​​​​50 m 2 or more (halls and foyers of entertainment institutions, meeting rooms, lecture audiences, dining rooms, cash rooms, waiting rooms, etc.).

Code of Practice SP 5.13130.2009 “Fire protection systems. Fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations are automatic. Design norms and rules” (valid from 01.05.2009):

3.71 crowded space: Halls and foyers of theaters, cinemas, boardrooms, meetings, lecture halls, restaurants, lobbies, cash halls, industrial premises and other premises with an area of ​​50 m 2 or more with permanent or temporary stay of people (except for emergencies) in the number of more than 1 person. per 1 m 2.

Government Decree of April 25, 2012 N 390 "ON FIRE REGIME":
5. In order to organize and carry out work to prevent fires at production and storage facilities, as well as at facilities other than residential buildings, where 50 or more people can be at the same time, that is with mass stay of people, the head of the organization may create a fire-technical commission.
(as amended by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 17, 2014 N 113)

That is, in the Government Decree of April 25, 2012 N 390 there is a more “strict” requirement than in the above sets of rules. In accordance with this document, if there are 50 or more people at the facility, the entire building is classified as a building with a mass stay of people, regardless of its area.

In the previous Fire Safety Rules in the Russian Federation (PPB 01-03), approved by the order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations No. 313 of June 18, 2003, (lost force on 07/22/2012 based on the order of the Russian Emergencies Ministry of 05/31/2012 N 306)

in the second paragraph of paragraph 16 it was written:

"On objects with mass stay of people(50 or more people), in addition to the schematic plan for the evacuation of people in case of fire, an instruction should be developed that determines the actions of personnel to ensure the safe and quick evacuation of people, according to which at least once every six months, practical training should be held for all workers involved in the evacuation.

This requirement was not taken into account in the development of many regulatory documents, which led to confusion in the classification of buildings.

Some cities have their own rules for classifying buildings and structures.

For example, according to the Decree of the Government of Moscow dated May 6, 2008 N 375-PP "On measures to ensure the engineering safety of buildings and structures and the prevention of emergencies in the city of Moscow" (as amended on August 25, 2009), which was in effect from 05/06/2008 to 03/24/2016

in paragraph 3 of the Appendix to the Resolution, it was written:

“Objects with mass stay of people, administrative buildings and office centers. Objects with a mass stay of people are considered to be buildings in which 500 or more people can be at the same time.

With such a wide range of requirements for classifying buildings, it is difficult to choose such technical solutions that would suit all participants in the construction and reconstruction of buildings.

But, in order to exclude comments on the electrical installation project of the building, the most “strict” requirements should be chosen and buildings with a mass stay of people should be classified as buildings that can accommodate 50 or more people. At the same time, in explanatory note the project should refer to the Government Decree of April 25, 2012 N 390 "ON FIRE REGIME" in order to exclude misunderstanding on the part of customers and authorities coordinating the electrical installation project.

It should be borne in mind that the Government Decrees are very often amended. Therefore, you must always use latest edition regulations, checking texts, in information systems Consultant Plus, KODEKS, TECHEXPERT and others.

It would be rational to remove the term “with mass stay of people” from the standard and instead introduce quantitative criteria, for example, for the use of cables in the version ng(A)-HF:

Separate premises in public, administrative and industrial buildings (halls and foyers of entertainment institutions, meeting rooms, lecture halls, dining halls, cash halls, waiting rooms, etc.), which can accommodate 50 or more people, if each person has less 1 m 2 of the area of ​​​​the room;

Industrial, public and administrative buildings (including office buildings), which can accommodate 100 or more people;

Public buildings and building complexes with a height of more than 55 meters;

Residential buildings over 75 meters high.

Note. The height of buildings is determined in accordance with clause 3.1 of SP 1.13130.2009.

In this case, it would be possible to avoid the errors caused by the ambiguous interpretation of the term "with a mass stay of people."

K (All articles of the site)

A D M I N I S T R A T I A

City district of Khimki, Moscow region

MUNICIPAL AUTONOMOUS

PRESCHOOL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION

KINDERGARTEN OF THE COMMINATED VIEW No. 44 "RYABINUSHKA"

141400, Khimki, Moscow region, st. Friendship, 16

tel/fax: 571-51-00, 571-02-12, E-mail: [email protected]

OKPO 53120431, OKOGU 49007, PSRN 1035009560981, TIN \ KPP 5047051465/504701001

APPROVE

Head of MADOU No. 44 "Ryabinushka"

T.A. Gaponenko

"_____" ____________ 201_

INSTRUCTIONS

to ensure safety during events

with mass stay of people

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS.

The instruction was developed in accordance with the Federal Law of December 21, 1994 No. 69-FZ “On Fire Safety”, Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 25, 2012 (as amended on February 17, 2014) No. 390 “On fire mode". The instruction was developed in order to determine the actions of employees of a preschool institution to ensure safety, if it is necessary to safely and quickly evacuate people during events with a mass stay of people.

1.1. Full responsibility for ensuring the safety of participants in a cultural event rests with the head and officials of the educational institution.

1.2. By order of the head of the educational institution, responsible persons (hereinafter referred to as the organizers) for holding a cultural event must be appointed. The order must be communicated to the organizers of the event.

1.4. Employees must be provided with a mandatory targeted briefing (on the organization and holding of cultural events in the institution) by the deputy head of security with an entry in the journal of the established form.

1.5. The organizers of the events must conduct a safety briefing with all participants in the mass event (with children in preschool institutions in the form of a conversation).

1.6. For the duration of the mass event, the staff of the educational institution must be on duty, sufficient to maintain order and safety of the participants, but not less than 2 people.

1.7. Organizers must have self-powered electric lights in crowded rooms in case of a power outage.

1.8. Carpets, rugs and other floor coverings in a room with a mass stay of people must be securely attached to the floor.

1.9. In order to provide first aid in case of deterioration of health or injury by a participant of the event, the organizers must be provided with first aid kits, equipped with the necessary medicines and dressings.

1.10. In the absence of sufficient artificial lighting in the premises, all cultural events should be held only during daylight hours.

1.11. Premises for holding cultural events must be provided with primary fire extinguishing equipment.

1.12. Floors and rooms with a mass stay of persons in educational institutions must be equipped with an automatic fire alarm system.

1.13. wooden structures, draperies, etc. elements in assembly (visitor, dance, sports) halls must be treated with flame retardants with the obligatory execution of an act by the organization performing this work.

1.14. Premises for mass events must be provided with at least two emergency exits that meet the requirements of design standards, do not have bars on the windows and are located no higher than the second floor in buildings with combustible ceilings.

2. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS BEFORE THE EVENT STARTS.

2.1. Persons appointed by the organizers of cultural events, before they begin, must carefully inspect all used premises, evacuation routes and exits and make sure that there are no violations of fire safety rules.

2.2. The organizers cannot independently change the scenario of the event, start and end time, independently take any actions to change the program of the event

3. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS DURING THE EVENT.

3.1. Participants of a cultural event during its conduct must demonstrate high culture behavior and communication, courtesy, goodwill, unconditional implementation of all instructions and prohibitions of the organizers of the event.

It is not allowed to smoke, use open flames (torches, candles, candelabra, etc.), arc spotlights, fireworks and other types of fire effects that can lead to a fire.

3.2. In places of mass stay of participants in the event, organizers and attendants must be constantly present.

3.3. During events, it is prohibited to allow the premises to be filled with people above the established norm, to reduce the width of the aisles between the rows and to install additional chairs, chairs, etc. in the aisles.

3.6. During a cultural event in evening time it is forbidden to deliberately turn off electric lighting, including short-term ones.

3.8. Participation in a cultural event of children and adults dressed in suits made of cotton, gauze, paper and other similar flammable materials that are not impregnated with a flame retardant is prohibited.

3.9. During the New Year holidays:

* the tree should be installed on a stable base and in such a way that the branches do not touch the walls and ceiling;

* the tree should be placed so as not to interfere with the evacuation of the premises;

* The lighting design of the Christmas tree can only be carried out with factory-made electric garlands. Illumination must be performed in compliance with the rules for the installation of electrical installations (PUE);

* if a malfunction is detected in the illumination (heating of wires, flashing lights, sparks, etc.), it must be immediately de-energized;

* it is forbidden to decorate the Christmas tree with celluloid toys, as well as gauze and cotton wool, not impregnated with a flame retardant composition.

4. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS IN EMERGENCIES

4.1. In case of any signs of an emergency (activated alarm system, the smell of smoke, the smell of burnt insulation electrical wires etc.) the primary task of the organizers is to ensure the safety of the participants of the event and create conditions for a quick evacuation.

4.2. General management of actions in emergency situations is assigned to the head educational institution or Deputy Head of Security.

4.3. In the event of a fire, the actions of all persons in the premises must comply with the requirements of the fire safety instructions approved by the head of the educational institution.

4.4. During the evacuation of participants in the event, it is forbidden to bend down for dropped items, bend over, adjust shoes, react to pain in the legs and body, stop in a running crowd, raise your arms above your head (you can die from
squeezing the chest), lower your hands down (they will not be able to pull out).

4.5. Organizers must make every effort to control the behavior of participants in emergency situations.

4.6. Talking with the evacuees should be firm, confident, categorical, take any measures aimed at stabilizing the mood, avoiding panic.

4.7. Persons injured in an emergency should be provided with first aid in a timely manner and, if necessary, transport to a medical institution.

5. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS AFTER THE EVENT

5.1. The organizers of a cultural event must remove used equipment, fixtures, decorations, etc. to the designated place.

5.2. Thoroughly ventilate all rooms and ensure their wet cleaning.

5.3. Check the fire condition of the premises, close windows, vents, transoms.

5.4. Before leaving the premises, turn off the power supply.

AGREED
Chairman of the trade union committee
___________ Powder S.T.
protocol No. ____ dated "__" ___ 201__

APPROVED
manager
Name of preschool educational institution
_________ N.V. Andreichuk
Order No.__ dated "_"._.20__.

1. General fire safety requirements
1.1. Real fire safety instructions for mass events in preschool educational institutions(kindergarten) was developed on the basis of federal law dated December 21, 1994 No. 69-FZ "On fire safety" with amendments and additions as of June 23, 2016; Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 25, 2012 No. 390 "On the fire regime" as amended on April 6, 2016; Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation of December 12, 2007 No. 645 (as amended on June 22, 2010) "On approval of fire safety standards "Training fire safety measures for employees of organizations."
1.2. Allow people under the age of 18 who have studied this instruction on fire safety measures during mass events in a preschool educational institution, have undergone a medical examination, and have been instructed in labor protection and fire safety to hold mass events.
1.3. Provide premises for mass events with a first-aid kit, equipped with the necessary medicines and dressings to provide first aid. medical care with injuries.
1.4. Participants of a mass event must comply with fire safety rules, know all the locations of primary fire extinguishing equipment.
1.5. Ensure that on the floors and premises of the preschool educational institution where mass events are held, at least two evacuation exits, which should be marked with signs with the inscription "Exit". Hang signs in the corridors, install the necessary fire extinguishing equipment (at least two fire extinguishers), equip automatic system fire alarm, supply and exhaust ventilation and emergency lighting.
1.6. Provide the on-duty personnel of the preschool educational institution with serviceable factory-made electric lights.
1.7. The covers of fire hydrant wells in the area adjacent to the building should be cleared of snow and ice, and their location should be indicated using light indicators on the walls of this building.
1.8. Make sure there are no blind bars on the windows of the premises kindergarten for public events.
1.9. When holding a mass event, comply with all the requirements of the fire safety instructions for mass events in kindergarten, put at least two employees on duty.
1.10. Immediately notify the head of the event and the administration of the preschool educational institution about each accident with the participants of the holiday, take the necessary measures to provide first aid to the victims.
1.11. Employees who have violated this fire safety instruction during mass events in a preschool educational institution are subject to disciplinary liability and are subject to an extraordinary test of knowledge of fire safety norms and rules.

2. Fire safety requirements before holding a mass event.

2.1. Based on the order of the head of the preschool educational institution, appoint those responsible for holding the mass event and familiarize them with the document against signature.
2.2. Conduct a targeted fire safety briefing for employees with an entry in the briefing log, familiarize the personnel involved in the morning performances with the fire safety instructions for mass events in the preschool educational institution, as well as with the evacuation plan from the premises and the locations of fire extinguishers.
2.3. Carefully check all premises of the kindergarten building, evacuation routes and exits for compliance with these fire safety requirements, as well as make sure that primary fire extinguishing, communication, automatic fire alarm and emergency lighting are available and in good condition.
Leave appropriate entries in inspection logs.
2.4. Familiarize yourself with the scenario of the holiday, and in case of planning the use of open fire or fire effects as part of the program, demand a ban on these actions.
2.5. Ventilate the premises where mass events will be held, perform wet cleaning.

3. Fire safety requirements during a mass event.

3.1. Designated responsible persons are inseparable from the premises.
3.2. Evacuation exits should be closed with easy-to-open locks, the “Exit” light indicators should be on.
3.3. In preparation for New Year holidays kindergarten employees need to familiarize themselves with the fire safety instructions when holding New Year's morning performances in preschool educational institutions.
3.4. For decorating rooms, making masquerade costumes, etc. it is forbidden to use materials such as cotton wool, toys made of it that have not been treated with a flame retardant, celluloid toys, products made of foam rubber and other flammable materials.
3.5.

• leave the room without lighting;
• use open fire (torches, candles, fireworks, sparklers, firecrackers, firecrackers, etc.), use arc spotlights, arrange lighting effects using chemicals and other substances that can become a source of ignition;
• close windows with shutters;
• lock the swing bars on the windows;
• lock the doors of emergency exits with hard-to-open locks (locks);
• reduce the width of the aisles between the rows and put additional chairs, chairs, etc.
• allow the filling of premises with people exceeding the established norm;
• use home-made electric garlands, color and music installations, electronic musical equipment;
• carry out fire, painting and other fire and explosion hazardous works.

4. Safety requirements in emergency situations.

4.1. In accordance with the approved procedure for actions in the event of a emergency in the event of a fire, immediately, without panic, evacuate children from the building using all available emergency exits.
4.2. Report a fire as soon as possible fire station, the head of the kindergarten (in the absence - to another official) and immediately start extinguishing the fire using primary fire extinguishing equipment.
4.3. If participants of a mass event receive injuries, immediately notify the head of the kindergarten and provide first aid to the victims. If necessary, send the injured to the nearest medical facility.

5. Fire safety requirements at the end of a mass event.

5.1. Turn off the lights and de-energize all electrical equipment.
5.2. Place inventory and equipment in the designated place.
5.3. Thoroughly ventilate the room and do wet cleaning.
5.4. Make sure fire-fighting condition premises, close all windows, vents, transoms.
5.5. To carry out the dismantling of the scenery no later than the next day after the end of the mass event in a preschool educational institution.