What is bituminous mastic used for? Why do we need bituminous mastic, application and varieties

A common type of waterproofing mastic is bituminous mastic. Waterproofing based on it has been used for a long time, it is inexpensive and provides a range of quality work at affordable prices.

At the heart of traditional bituminous mastic is resin. Fillers and modifiers are added to it, increasing its properties and characteristics. Bituminous mastic is a universal product, appreciated by craftsmen, and waterproofing with its use is widely used.

Bituminous mastic for roofing

Mastic bituminous is applied in construction and repair work. It is used for roofing. Waterproofing of foundations and surfaces of structures, pools, reservoirs and premises for various purposes is unthinkable without such compositions.

Components that prevent cracking and increase adhesion to the base are added to the bitumen. This improves waterproofing. To improve the anti-corrosion properties of the coating, special additives are added.

The advantages of bituminous mastics include the following:

Resistance to aggressive environments, including ultraviolet radiation, high negative and positive temperatures.
High elasticity.
High strength.
Anti-corrosion.
Ease of application.
Structure homogeneity.

Types of bitumen compositions

Depending on the method of application, bituminous mastic is divided into hot and cold. The first is heated for application, but it is cheaper, and the second is used directly from the can, but such waterproofing is more expensive.

It is clear that hot is more suitable for large construction projects. Cold is widely used in everyday life.

According to the technological features of use, they differ in:

One-component. This is simply stirred for application.
Two-component. This composition is prepared with the addition of a hardener and then mixed. This species has a longer shelf life.

Two-component mastic

According to the type of additives, mastic differs in:

Bitumen-oil. They are filled with mineral - chalk, asbestos, cement.
Rubber-bitumen. It is a dispersed emulsion with crumb rubber.
Polymer-bitumen. Various types of polymers are used as a filler.
Bitumen-latex. This contains latex as a binder.
Bitumen-rubber. This type contains natural rubber.

According to their purpose, they are divided into:

Roofing and insulating. Are intended for creation and repair of self-leveling roofs.
Waterproofing-asphalt. They are used to create a vapor barrier, restore the pavement and apply to the foundations of buildings.
Anti-corrosion. These are needed for application in order to protect buried metal structures.
Adhesive. Are applied to a construction of roofs by means of the built-up materials.

From what method of hardening, mastic differs in cured and non-cured.

Varieties Properties

Bituminous mastic, which contains polyurethane or rubber, is considered the most elastic. The resulting membrane can stretch up to 20 times without breaking. Oil-bitumen does not have such properties. After application, it practically does not harden, remaining in a semi-liquid state due to the oil solvent. With its help, waterproofing of underground parts of structures, communications, and others, including metal structures, is carried out. Resistant to underground groundwater moisture and vibrations. It does not crack, because it does not form a rigid film, due to which it retains its waterproofing properties for a long time.

Bitumen-rubber mastic

This is a one-component composition that can withstand temperatures from -50 to +80 degrees. Not suitable for roofing where a durable coating is required. For these purposes, rubber-bitumen mastics are ideal, which harden in the open air. Such a strong grip with almost any surface, including metal. It is resistant to vibrations and mechanical influences - shocks and stretching. Designed for a wide temperature range - from -40 to +100 degrees.

Bitumen-rubber mastic is similar in terms of capabilities and scope. Bituminous-latex is easy to apply, firmly binds to the base, is not afraid of water and aggressive environments. Retains high elasticity in frost down to -35 and does not flow when heated up to +80 degrees. This composition glues everything: any building structures, including wooden ones, as well as insulation and roofing material.

Methods for applying all types of bituminous compounds are approximately identical.

Roof coating technology

Covering all types without exception involves the following methods: manual and mechanical. The first method is used where the surface to be treated is small.

The second technology involves the use of sprayers with compressors, which are rarely used in domestic conditions due to the relatively small amount of work.

Before applying, follow the rules. First, the surface is well prepared.

It is cleaned of the old coating, if it peels off, dirt, sand, dust and grease.

Application of mastic in a mechanized way

Secondly, they close cracks and chips. To do this, use putty, cement or gypsum mortar. After complete drying, the surface is treated with a primer. It is sold ready-made, or it is obtained from the same mastic with the addition of appropriate diluents.

The base is then dried again. Some products do not require the obligatory implementation of this paragraph. Therefore, before using the mastic, get acquainted with the manufacturer's recommendations.

Apply the composition with a wide brush, spatula, roller or sprayer. In the process, it is important to control the thickness and uniformity of the applied layer. The stripes overlap each other. The overlap is about 5 cm.

Be sure to apply at least two layers. Usually they make from 2 to 4. Each subsequent one is applied after the previous one has completely dried. Waterproofing of pools and reservoirs is accompanied by reinforcing the layers with fiberglass mesh.

On the video you can see the use of bituminous mastic:

If desired, cover with primer-paint to give an aesthetic appearance. Usually covered with sand, gravel or screenings. Sometimes expensive types of finishes are used - tiling or tiling.

Consumption

The consumption of rubber-bitumen composition varies depending on the type of work. When sticking roofing material, this is about a quarter to a liter per square. If a mastic roof is being constructed with a thickness of one cm, then approximately 16 kg per meter will be needed.

If a basement or wall is waterproofed in one layer, then about 5-6 kg of bitumen-latex composition per square meter is needed. When mastic roofing is performed, 3 or 4 layers will be required, so the consumption will be up to 14 kg per meter.

Waterproofing with bitumen-oil mastic in one layer requires up to 1.5 kg of composition per meter. The number of layers of mastic for the roof depends on the angle of its slope. A reinforcing layer is required - it will strengthen the places where moisture is likely to accumulate.

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This article will help you understand what cold-applied bituminous mastic is. What is the difference between cold and hot mastic. Where is it used. How to choose the right material by properties and qualities for the required work.

Bitumen is a hard resin used to make mastic. In order for the material to become plastic, its temperature is increased, which significantly increases the time of work and has a clear drawback - the risk of fire.

For this reason, it is much more convenient to use cold applied mastic. Due to the solvents present in the composition, the waterproofing material is in a liquid state and heating is not required for use.

Hot and cold mastics are used to achieve complete waterproofing. The solvent evaporates, the material solidifies. It turns out a high-strength waterproofing layer.

There are two types of cold applied bituminous mastic

First view

It is made on the basis of solvents. These are ready-to-work mixtures. Solvent-based mastic is suitable for use at sub-zero temperatures.

This type of waterproofing sets within 24 hours. Complete curing of the mastic and the acquisition of waterproofing properties takes a week.
Typically, this type of material is used in roofing.

The second type of bituminous waterproofing coating

They are made on a water basis - which characterizes the material as not harmful to the environment.
The coating does not have a pungent odor, dries in a couple of hours.

Water-based waterproofing cannot be used at low temperatures. It is also worth storing the material in a warm room.

Bituminous mastic has different modifications

Let's consider them.

Unmodified waterproofing. The composition does not contain polymers and other components that enhance the properties of the material. For roofs, this view is not suitable, for the foundation it is ideal. The waterproofing applied to the foundation does not experience atmospheric overloads.

Mastic without polymers is not recommended for roofing.

Bitumen-polymer mastic. From the name of the material it is clear that this type of waterproofing is characterized by high performance. Perfectly adapted to a wide temperature range. Very good molecular bond (adhesion), which allows the mastic to be used for gluing roofing material and similar materials.

Bitumen-polymer mastic, due to its qualities, is widely used to cover flat roofs.

Bitumen-rubber mastic. The composition contains a crumb of rubber. It has decent anti-corrosion properties. Used to cover metal structures.

For roofing bituminous - rubber mastic is NOT suitable.

Bitumen-rubber waterproofing, it is also liquid rubber - very elastic with high physical and mechanical properties. These qualities increase the wear resistance of the coating. Great for roofing.

Rubber mastic can become an independent roofing. Virtually unaffected by the weather.

The type of mastic is directly related to the components contained in it.

One-component - ready-to-use coating.

Two-component mastic before starting work requires mixing with a hardener. Used for professional purposes. Has good performance.

When using a two-component mastic, it is IMPORTANT to follow the mixing instructions exactly. Incorrect proportions will lead to an increase in the hardening time.

The main advantages of bituminous mastic of cold application

Reduces waterproofing time
Mastic can be diluted with a solvent, which will make it the desired consistency
Service life more than 25 years
The coating can be applied on surfaces made of different materials
Easy application.
Self use

Cons of this material

High price.
Bituminous - polymer mastic gives a large shrinkage, which affects the consumption of material.

Application

Bituminous mastic of cold application material consumption:

For bonding 0.8 – 1 kg per square meter
For waterproofing layer 2 - 3.8 kg per square meter

There are two leading manufacturers in the market:

Bituminous mastic TECHNONICOL
Bituminous mastic EXPERT

Both manufacturers meet all requirements. There may be a difference in cost. And some nuances, such as material consumption and drying time.

Important to remember. Before applying the mastic, it is necessary to clean the surface of debris, dirt. The area to be treated must be dry. If the surface is porous, it must be pre-treated with a primer.

Bituminous mastic is widely used in roofing and insulation works. It is also used as a primer. The composition includes mineral and organic substances, as well as additives that improve the characteristics of the mastic.

Standard packaging for finished products

Cold applied mastic has a number of valuable characteristics:

dries quickly;
suitable for spot repairs;
even a beginner can handle the application of the substance;
unlike hot mastic, cold mastic does not need special equipment;
suitable for working with wood, metal, concrete and plastic;
stretches well, elastic;
penetrates into the coating, which is applied;
water-based formulations are used in internal insulation;

In addition to the positive qualities, such a waterproofing material also has negative sides:

UV rays adversely affect the composition;
it is difficult to control the thickness of the resulting coating;
high price (hot mastics will cost less than cold ones).

Distinctive features

The main component of mastic is bitumen. Note that it in itself does not have excellent characteristics (ductility, frost resistance) - it melts in heat, and cracks in frost. But if you mix bitumen with polymers, you get a durable, moisture-resistant coating.

Applying the composition to the surface

Mastic is "hot" and "cold". Hot options are used only by builders with special equipment. Before starting work, such compounds are heated on the street.

As for the second option, it is sold ready-made, it is not required to heat the composition, it is enough to mix it. Then the mastic is applied to the surface (the thickness of one layer should not exceed one millimeter). The cold solution is excellent for preventing moisture ingress, corrosion and other damaging formations in the areas to be treated.

Note that "cold" mastic is less consumed than "hot" bitumen.

Doll mastic among all the options is the most popular. It is made from cockersol varnish, solvent and petroleum bitumen. Has found its application in roofing work. If we are talking about cold curing bituminous mortar, then in 90% of cases we are talking about roofing material.

Another option is used as an intermediate layer for gluing sheets of roofing material.

Kinds

Mastics are divided into classes that differ in composition. At the same time, not all constituent ingredients are taken into account, but only the one that interacts with the main component - bitumen.

Various types of composition

So, mastic happens, bitumen +:

polymer base;
rubber base;
kukersol mixture;
rubber compound;
oils.

All these materials are suitable for different jobs, so they are not divided by functionality.

Bitumen-polymer mastic includes modifiers that give the material elasticity, frost and heat resistance. Rubber mastic includes rubber crumb, due to which the properties of bitumen are improved - it becomes flexible, elastic, tolerates low / high temperatures, high humidity.

After applying any of the listed compositions, a monolithic surface is obtained, with good vapor permeability. At the same time, the coating remains elastic in all weather conditions.

"Finish" layer of insulation

Note that any of the above mastics are resistant to alkalis, acids and salt solutions.

Requirements for roofing mastics

Such mastic must meet the following requirements:

do not have large particles in the composition;
be homogeneous and easy to apply;
withstand temperatures up to +70 degrees without melting;
the amount of hazardous substances must be within the prescribed limits.

Application of mastic "Expert"

This material is intended for external waterproofing works. "Expert" is used in the construction of concrete, brick, wood and metal structures. It is also used to protect the coating from the formation of rust and mold. Building materials are glued with the composition, pipes and the bottom of machines are covered.

Properties mastic "Expert":

after opening the jar, the solution can immediately be applied to the base (no heating required);
after application forms a homogeneous moisture-resistant coating;
protects the base from fungus, mold and corrosion.

Products TM "Expert"

Application of mastic "Expert":

The composition is applied to the base, which is previously cleaned of dust, dirt and rust;
Next, open the jar and mix the composition;
Then, with the help of a spatula, the Expert mastic is applied to the base. If the substance is used for bonding materials, then it is enough to apply one layer; for the purpose of waterproofing, two or even three layers are applied.

The maximum layer thickness is 1 mm. At the same time, the temperature at the time of work should not be lower than -10 degrees.

The applied composition is then allowed to dry. The bituminous mass dries out in a day.

Do not smoke or use open flame near the mixture. Work with the composition away from the source of fire, wearing gloves. If the bituminous mass gets into the eyes, they are immediately washed with warm water.

The remains of the solution are disposed of as construction / household waste, after clogging the lid.

Substances based on cockersol varnishes are best suited for concrete structures.
For waterproofing, it is recommended to choose compounds based on rubber. This is because the solution, which includes rubber, has good elastic properties and fluidity.
For the arrangement of the roof, choose a solution based on polymer / rubber.
For spot work, oil formulations are used, as they form a coating that is resistant to high temperatures.

Finally

Regardless of which type of mastic you prefer, the main thing is that the composition is lump-free and within the expiration date. Choose proven brands, one of which is TechnoNIKOL.

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Mastics for insulating and protecting surfaces are used almost everywhere. After their invention, the builders had practically no worthwhile alternatives. And this is good.

After all, it is very convenient to work with mastics, and the price of the solution remains quite low. Especially if we compare the total monetary costs for the insulation device using mastics and any other materials.

Material Features

Mastics for roofing and insulation are based on bitumen. By itself, bitumen cannot be called a very suitable material.

In the cold, it cracks, and in too strong and prolonged heat, it can even return to a liquid state.

But using bitumen in conjunction with polymers and special fillers, builders manage to create really high-quality and reliable coatings.

Mastics are hot and cold. Hot solutions are used only by professionals, since it is impossible to work with them if you do not have the necessary equipment.

Before starting work, hot mastic should be heated and mixed. Heating is carried out on an open fire, which even more seriously affects the overall complexity of the work.

Cold bituminous mastic differs from hot one in that it does not need to be cooked at all. You just need to open the bucket, stir it and start applying it to the surface.

Cold-applied bituminous mastic is mainly used for creating waterproofing layers, repairing roofs and laying roofing material.

Waterproofing cold mastic is rightfully considered the best solution if you need to protect the structure from moisture or direct water ingress.

It is especially convenient to use cold bituminous mastic in situations where it is necessary to perform spot repairs or roof waterproofing.

After all, all that is required of you is to stir the material at any convenient time and apply it to the surface to be treated. No need to waste time on heating, preparation, etc.

The consumption of cold bituminous mastic in most cases will be less than that of hot, which also plays a role in the choice of material.

Very often the material is used to protect the foundation. Cold bituminous mastic for the foundation is created from special components that do not react to corrosion and any kind of aggressive influences.

The most commonly used bitumen-cookersal cold mastic. Manufacturers of bitumen-cookersal cold mastic make it from a mixture of kukersal building varnish, a toluene-based solvent, and reliable petroleum bitumen.

Bituminous and cold mastics are most often used for roofing devices and roof protection. If cold curing bituminous mastic is mentioned, then in 80% of cases it is the roofing option that is meant.

Roofing mastic of cold application creates a high-quality and durable protective layer.

More importantly, this is the fact that bituminous roofing cold mastic is successfully used as an intermediate layer for gluing roofing sheets or repairing coatings of this type.

Product types

Cold mastics are classified in the same way as hot mastics. They are divided into classes according to composition. Moreover, only the main component of the composition, which reacts with bitumen, is taken into account.

Most often, cold mastics are divided into several main types:

bituminous;
Bitumen-latex;
Bitumen-cookersalt;
Bitumen-oil.

Classification by functional predisposition is rarely taken into account. The thing is that almost all of the above compositions are suitable for various jobs.

Bitumen-latex mastic equally well protects the roof and isolates the surface. The same applies to almost all other components. Separately, there are only mastics from kukersol varnishes.

The characteristics of bitumen-cookersalt cold mastic make it indispensable in the work with concrete coatings and foundations, but for work with roofing or insulation, there are much cheaper and more reliable options.

Advantages and disadvantages

The main advantages of mastics:

Are convenient in work and operation.
Dry quickly.
Can be successfully used for work with foundations and concrete structures
Do not require additional equipment or extensive experience
Elastic and well penetrate the base
They are successfully used for internal insulation equipment due to the rejection of the use of standard solvents in the composition.
Great for spot repairs.

Disadvantages of mastics:

They are susceptible to the negative effects of UV rays and the sun. The effect is not very serious, but it is.
They have a low flammability class.
Good cold mastic will cost more than hot mastic with similar characteristics. However, it all depends on the seller and the manufacturer.

Overview of popular manufacturers

Cold-bituminous mastic in its structure differs slightly from hot compounds. Therefore, the main manufacturers of cold compositions are also leading in the production of hot mastics:

TechnoNIKOL Company has been the market leader for many years. It is products from this manufacturer that can be found in any hardware store. It is worth noting that TechnoNIKOL cold mastic has good characteristics and a fairly low price. Therefore, such a wide distribution is quite natural. The guys from TechnoNIKOL produce mastics of all kinds and in huge quantities.
Of foreign brands, it should also be noted products from by Tytan, which is part of the Selena Group's global distribution network. Many years of experience in production and impressive production capacity make mastics from this company one of the most sought-after materials on the market.
Halo-1 is a Ukrainian manufacturer that started its work in 1990. The company creates mastics of any type, but their special product is roofing cold mastic. The quality of products can be called good, and the prices for mastic do not bite. The ability to use cheaper raw materials and production processes plays a role here.
Trademark Aquaizol specializes in the creation of cold mastics for waterproofing surfaces. The second priority direction is the production of compounds for roof protection. Of the main advantages, only pleasant prices and a good variability of products can be noted.

If we talk about products from specific manufacturers, then TechnoNIKOL cold bituminous mastic is considered the undisputed leader. Here, the ability to choose from dozens of formulations and the availability of products from this company play a role.

But you should not rely on one manufacturer alone. Try to always assess the situation and choose the best options.

As mentioned above, mastics based on kukersol varnishes are excellent for protecting concrete surfaces.

For waterproofing, it is desirable to select mastics based on rubber or its derivatives. For example, waterproofing bituminous cold mastic MGTN or something similar is perfect.

The peculiarity of such mastics is their exceptional elasticity and good fluidity.

Latex and rubber mastics are suitable for roofing.

The price of bitumen roofing cold mastic will be the highest, since the task of this material is to create a durable and reliable coating that will be constantly exposed to direct exposure to many destructive factors.

Oil mastics form an extremely temperature-resistant film. Therefore, it is better to use it for spot insulation of joints on the roof.

An interesting fact is that it is oil mastic that is successfully used in the processing of pitched roofs, the installation of gutters, etc.

How to use correctly?

Cold-bituminous mastic is immediately ready for use, but it is advisable to stir it. After stirring, the composition will become more liquid and tenacious. It is more convenient to work with such a mixture, since the mastic penetrates better into the treated coating.

Cold mastics are rarely predominantly applied mechanically. They are too viscous for sprayers. It is advisable to have a roller or trowel with you.

With an ordinary brush, cold mastic can be conveniently applied only in a very liquid state.

The coating is applied in several layers. Each layer dries for at least a day. If a ruberoid roof is being repaired, then both sides are coated with mastic and give it 15-20 minutes of time to soak well.

Then the surfaces are glued.

Cold mastics are stored exclusively in closed form and without access to fresh air. In the open form, they thicken and deteriorate in a day.

In some cases, reinforced mesh is also used. It is fixed between superimposed layers. The layer covering the mesh should be 1-2 mm thicker than all the others.

It is advisable to lay it in the middle of the future coating.

In cold weather and light frosts, cold mastic can also be used, only now it will have to be preheated to a temperature of + 40º ... + 60º.

If the temperature drops below -5º, then no warming up will help you. In this case, the work is turned off.

Material application (video)

Material prices

The price of cold bituminous mastic differs depending on the manufacturers and the composition of the product itself.

The price of bitumen-cookersalt cold mastic from the TechnoNIKOL company is 2-5 dollars per 1 m 2. The price of Tytan cold applied bituminous mastic will be higher.

The average cost of cold mastics from this manufacturer starts from 3-4 dollars per 1 m 2. It affects expensive foreign production and the use of European raw materials.

The Oreol-1 company offers materials at a price of 2-3 dollars per 1 m 2. However, there are also more expensive products on the market. The manufacturer Aquaizol supplies high quality waterproofing mastics to the store shelves.

Therefore, their average price is 2-6 dollars per 1 m2.

Their structures are treated with bitumen. Although this material in its pure form has certain disadvantages - the material is quite difficult to apply, and under the influence of external temperature changes, its protective film may crack. The composition of modern bituminous mastics contains substances that increase the hardness and durability of the waterproofing outer coating.

Below we will consider in more detail the technical and operational properties of bitumen, as well as what technology must be followed when applied to the surface of this material.

Mastic- very plastic material. It has high astringent and waterproofing properties. In the main composition of the material, in addition to bitumen, there are astringent organic substances and mineral additives.

mastic "Hydroizol";
bituminous roofing mastic Technomast (21);
waterproofing mastic (24);
water-based mastic (33);
hot mastic "Eureka" (41);
bitumen-rubber mastic (20);
TechnoNIKOL (31);
aluminum mastic (57);
hot mastic "Izhora";
bitumen-polymer cold mastic "Slavyanka".

Mastics from companies such as Remmers Elastoplast and Bitumast are also in good demand.

Calculation of the consumption of bituminous mastic

This indicator is usually indicated on the packaging. If the expense is not specified, then you can easily calculate it yourself, based on the following recommendations:

The mastic consumption will directly depend on the percentage of volatile solvents. This figure is in the range from 25 to 70%. With a higher indicator, the consumption of bituminous mastic will be several times less than with a lower indicator.
When calculating the consumption of mastic, you should take into account the consumption rates for performing various jobs.
When applying mastic on vertical surfaces, it is applied in several layers. Moreover, the second layer is applied only after the complete drying of the first layer.

Having considered the classification, we can say that there are two main ways of applying mastic: hot and cold. And cold bituminous mastic is applied manually and mechanically. Below we consider in more detail the methods of applying mastic:

The manual method uses large paint brushes with short and stiff bristles. Usually these are flute brushes. You can also use a short-haired seaming roller. When processing horizontal surfaces, the emulsion is carefully leveled with a doctor blade, and then rubbed with a roller or brush.
The mechanized method uses airless sprayer with a pressure of 150 bar.

For such work, only sprayers that mix the components inside the unit are suitable.

Below we consider the progress of work on waterproofing mastic bituminous roofing cold application:

According to the instructions, add the solvent to the mastic and mix well.
Before use, the roofing mastic must be warmed at room temperature for a day.
All debris must be removed from the surface to be treated.
Treat the entire base of the roof with a special bituminous primer.
Dry the entire area of the roof.
Pour a small amount of mastic on the roof and smooth with a mop over the entire surface.

Before applying the mastic, it is necessary to carry out a test to determine the degree of humidity of the base.

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