Do-it-yourself country house: diagrams and instructions on how to build a country house. How to build a spacious house on a small plot

Let's look at the process of building a small house with our own hands, from the foundation to the finish. The size of the house will be 5x4 m and it is designed for year-round living, that is, you need to insulate the floor, walls and ceiling. The house will be framed, which means it can be built independently.

Choosing a place to build a house on the site. It must be correctly oriented in relation to the cardinal points. Namely, so that the windows of the living rooms face the South, East or West, but not the North.

With the placement and orientation of the house, we have decided, you can start building the foundation. For such a small and light house, a tape shallow foundation is ideal. Its device is as follows: we make markings, remove the vegetation layer under the tape (about 15-20 cm), install the formwork and pour concrete. Also, the foundation needs to be reinforced. In this case, the width of the foundation tape is 15 cm, and the height depends on the relief and may be different. Minimum Height from ground level should be 15 cm. A shallow foundation must be insulated from the outside. It will be enough to apply polystyrene foam 7 cm thick, which must be covered from the sun. In our case, these are aluminum sheets.

After the concrete has hardened, we remove the formwork and remove the vegetation layer under the building spot. To make the house warm, we insulate the base of the floor. Styrofoam works well for this.

At this stage of construction, it is necessary to provide for the supply of communications, so as not to spoil the building structures later.

We lay the waterproofing on the foundation, and on top of the beam of the lower trim 150x100 mm. Beforehand, the timber must be treated with fire-bioprotective impregnation.

How to properly install the strapping beam and install the corner posts, see the video.

We install the corner posts of the frame.

You need to responsibly approach the construction of the frame, because all subsequent geometry of the house will depend on it. How to properly install the racks and make the top trim is shown in the video above.

We continue to assemble the frame smoothly approaching the roof device. To give rigidity to the entire structure, it is necessary to install jibs in the corners.

After laying the floor beams, you can proceed to the installation of the truss system at home.

It is better to mark the rafters on the ground, and at a height they are easy to assemble. To do this, you need to make a template and cut out all the other rafters along it.

On the roof we make a crate from a board 100x25 mm in increments of 15-20 cm.

It is desirable to perform the roofing in warm and non-rainy weather in order to protect all supporting structures from getting wet. This is important because the wood can warp from frequent wetting and drying.

Ondulin is used as a roofing material; it is inexpensive and easy to install, and also durable.

Knowing the size of the roof slopes, you need to calculate the roofing material. In this case, it is necessary to take into account stocks in the form of outlets and overlaps. To fasten ondulin, you need to use special roofing nails that have notches along the entire length and special soft pads to press the material.

In parallel, you can attach a windproof film to the walls.

The house will have stove heating. It will be difficult to make a stove yourself without work experience, so it is better to invite a specialist.

Who nevertheless decided to do everything himself, I propose to see detailed master class on the device of the furnace.

Let's talk a little more about wind protection at home. For these purposes, a special film is used, which does not let gusts of wind into the house, and also serves as a waterproofing.

The film must be properly mounted, that is, on the one hand, it does not allow air to pass through, and on the other, on the contrary, it passes. If you do everything in reverse, then there will be no result.

Exterior finish will be made of 16 mm thick board. It is fastened with an overlap in order to hide the nails. So we will not have rusty threads on the walls after the rain.

Upon completion of the sheathing, the board is painted. So we will give the house an aesthetic appearance and protect the board from environmental influences.

Flooring, window and door installation. The technology of these processes is described in the video clip.

How do you make your home warm and cozy? It needs to be properly insulated. The insulation is installed between the racks in the walls. How warm the house will be depends on the quality of the insulation. Best used as a heater mineral wool. It must be installed in a spacer so that it is securely fixed between the racks and no gaps form.

That's it, the house is ready. So you can build small house with your own hands. Go ahead, get to work!

After acquisition suburban area for a summer residence, the question of how to build country house with your own hands. Well, to build it yourself is quite possible, unless, of course, a huge “palace” is conceived that requires the involvement construction equipment and teams of professionals.

Usually compact buildings are chosen for summer cottages, but, nevertheless, the house must have everything necessary for rest - rooms, kitchen, veranda. The latter will become a favorite place for an evening pastime all family. It is very important to make the country house cozy and comfortable, so you need to think through all the nuances of its arrangement.

The optimal material for summer cottage construction is wood, and the principle of construction is a frame structure.

Of course, the first thing that will need to be done is to decide on the place and size of the building, draw up a project, and plan further work.

Proe kt of a small country house

The size of the future house largely depends on the area suburban area, the number of family members and the material resources of the owners. If you plan correctly, draw up a successful project and choose an inexpensive but high-quality material for construction, you can save space, money and time.

In any case, the first steps are drafting

Most often, a country house has a size of 5.0 × 6.0 or 4.0 × 6.0 m. Buildings of a larger area are erected much less frequently, and, mainly, in those cases when they are planned to be operated year-round. But this is more likely to be not a country house, but a full-fledged country house.

The layout of the location of the house may have to be carried out on the basis of requirements that may be established by the board of the gardening partnership, therefore, when purchasing, you need to find out about such nuances in advance. Most often, the following distances are required:

The house should be installed at a distance of 3 meters from the border of the neighboring site, and from the fence separating the site from the general passage (street) - at 5 meters.
In order to ensure fire safety stone house from another stone structure they are placed at a distance of at least six meters, and from a wooden one - ten. If the house is wooden, then it should be installed at a distance of no closer than 15 meters from another wooden structure.
So that the house does not cover neighboring buildings from sunlight if it is placed on the east, south or west side plot, it is located at a distance from another residential building, at least equal to its height.

Usually, the highest is chosen for the installation of a country house. place in the area where water will not collect when snow melts or from heavy rains. High humidity under the house will never benefit any building material, but it will always negatively affect the overall strength and durability of the structure.

Most often, the following technologies for its construction are chosen for the construction of country houses: frame-panel construction, log cabins, walls made of blocks or bricks.

For summer cottages projects are predominantly selected one-story houses with closed or open verandas, or terraces. Often the building has attic space, used to store garden tools and other things that seem unnecessary in everyday life, but which can always come in handy in the country. However, it also happens that in some projects there are no attic floor beams at all, and then the roof slopes also play the role of a ceiling.

If the family is large, and the area of \u200b\u200bthe plot is not as large as we would like, then you can plan a two-story house that takes up very little space at the base. In this case, the first floor can be given over to the living room, terrace and kitchen, and on the second floor - to arrange cozy sleeping places for the whole family.

Not necessarily in a country house, to build a full-fledged second floor, since an attic superstructure can perfectly fulfill its role. Having finished it with natural materials, you can create a wonderful healthy country atmosphere there.

Country houses are mainly used in the warm season, starting with the arrival of spring and ending in autumn. Therefore, they do not require enhanced insulation of walls and roofs, but devices for space heating should still be provided - in case of cold nights or a drop in temperature during unstable weather. Usually, electrical appliances are used as heaters, for example, convectors or infrared film emitters, but sometimes owners even prefer to install fireplaces or cast-iron heating and cooking stoves.

By the way, if the construction of a real fireplace or a brick oven is planned, then they must be included in the draft project.

There are also ready-made options for country houses, which are sold as a set in disassembled form, which you just need to deliver to the site and assemble. Any such set of parts must be accompanied detailed instructions, which set out the procedure for carrying out work, the main technological methods and connection diagrams of individual elements and assemblies.

For land owner, who has basic skills construction works, it will not be difficult to assemble such a country house on your own. The main advantage of this option can be called the fact that often the kit already includes everything you need to electrical network buildings, for ventilation system and even for plumbing.

Video: a small, neat country house that lives up to its name

What type of house to choose?

Having decided on rough plan future house, you need to choose the material for its construction. Not only the type of the building itself will depend on this choice, but also the comfort of staying in it, as well as the costs of its construction.

The traditional material for a country house is wood, which will create a favorable microclimate in it, filling it with the smells of the forest. Wooden house can be erected in a frame way, from timber or logs. The disadvantage of wooden buildings is the high fire hazard of the material.

However, wooden houses have always been built, and many of them have stood for centuries. Today, special fire-retardant impregnations are on sale, which significantly reduce the risk of fire in wooden buildings. And in general - the most important thing here is not the material, but human factor- precisely the neglect of elementary requirements by people fire safety In the vast majority of cases, it causes a fire.

Building brick building will cost much more, but it can with great reason be called a full-fledged house, which can be used not only in summer period, but also, if necessary, in winter, if you install a stove in it. Brick buildings are much less prone to fire and, with high-quality masonry, will last a very long time. long term. Their disadvantages include a more complex and lengthy construction process, requiring special skills, and a high price for materials.

Very often when building a country house are used different materials. For example, a house is built of wood, but on a foundation of concrete, brick or blocks.

This option can be called optimal, since the foundation of moisture-resistant materials will create optimal conditions for the construction of walls made of wood, thus - will become a reliable basis for the house.

It is this last option that is worth considering, since it is the most popular of all types of country houses.

Stages of building a country house

Materials for building a country house

If there is no desire to mess around with calculations, then it is better to purchase a prefabricated model of a house that has a certain area, for which you will only need to prepare a place.

In all other cases, you will need to purchase building materials. Their type, size, volume, total number - all depending on the size of the planned building, which is determined by the project.

foundation material

For any type of foundation you will need the following materials:

- sand, gravel, cement;

- third-rate board and timber for formwork;

- brick or concrete blocks;

- waterproofing material (roofing material);

- expanded clay of the middle fraction.

Wall and roof material

Since wood was chosen for the construction of walls, then, based on this, other materials will be selected:

- bars and boards of different sizes, depending on the design parameters;

- fasteners - nails, screws, bolts, studs;

- corners of different configurations, metal plates - for fastening knots;

- vapor barrier film;

- insulation - mineral wool, ecowool or expanded clay;

- to cover the roof, it is better to choose a light material - ondulin or corrugated board.

After the installation site of the future house is determined, the materials are purchased, you can proceed to the arrangement of the foundation. True, to begin with, you still have to decide on its type.

The foundation of a country house

Even when building such a small and light building as a wooden country house, you can’t do without a foundation. In the case under consideration, one of two types is ideally suited for this purpose - this is a columnar and strip foundation. Which one to choose depends on the preferences of the builder.

The columnar foundation will be a less expensive option, as it will allow you to seriously save on building materials. In addition, such a foundation can be completed independently, without outside help which will also save you some money.

How to build correctly, you can find out with all the details by following this link to the corresponding page of our portal.

To create a strip foundation, you will need not only more materials, but also a fairly long time. This is not surprising - a trench will need to be dug around the entire perimeter of the future house, waterproof it, install the reinforcing structure, build the formwork and fill the pit with concrete. And after that, whether you like it or not, it will also take a month until the filled tape completely solidifies and it gains brand strength.

However, the strip foundation is still very popular among individual developers. This option is convenient in that it allows you to make basement, however, for this, the foundation walls will have to be raised above the soil surface by 700 ÷ 800 mm. described in detail in the article, which can be found on our portal by clicking on the link provided.

If a columnar foundation is chosen, then it is recommended to remove the top layer of soil by 150 ÷ 200 mm from the site, which will be located under the house and around it by 500 ÷ 600 mm. Then fill in the resulting pit with a layer of sand of 30 ÷ 40 mm, which should be compacted. A layer is laid on top of the sand cushion medium fraction crushed stone and is also compacted, and the remaining space must be covered with expanded clay of the middle fraction. All these procedures are done so that small rodents cannot get close to the house. They do not tolerate expanded clay (especially small ones), as it contains a large number of dust and has a loose surface.

Expanded clay of fine fraction - an excellent remedy for rodents

To protect the house from the penetration of large rodents or other uninvited guests from the animal world, it is advisable to close the space under the house metal mesh with cells no larger than 10 mm.

Construction of a frame structure

For a country house, the best choice is a frame structure

The frame house can be placed both on a columnar and on a strip foundation. Construction always starts from the foundation, which must be securely waterproofed two or three layers of laid roofing material.

If the project provides for a veranda, you must immediately separate its zone, over which a roof will be erected, but there will be no solid walls. To support the roof over the veranda, you can use the racks of the general frame of the walls. Another option - veranda will be attached to the house separately.
Without exception, all wooden blanks must be treated with antiseptic compounds and fire retardants. These impregnations will increase the resistance of wood to fire, to decay, will prevent the appearance of nests of insects or colonies of representatives of microflora - mold or fungus.

After the blanks have been properly prepared and completely dry, during construction, the lower frame (crown) is first made, which will be laid on the foundation and will subsequently be used to mount the floor.

For the floor to be reliable, for the frame it is necessary to take high-quality bars of the desired section. If funds allow, it is better to choose wooden elements not along the “lower limit” of dimensions, but by laying a certain margin in their cross section.

The table shows optimal dimensions timber for a frame house:

The support beams of the frame are mounted on coronal bars located along the perimeter of the foundation, at a distance of 600 ÷ 700 mm from each other. They are fixed with the help of corners or by tie-in. If the elements are large in cross section, they can additionally be fastened with metal brackets.

When the lower trim with support beams is ready, wall frames are made. They can be assembled separately and then in ready-made raised and fixed on the frame strapping bars.

Another option is to lift the frame directly in place. For example, if a house is being built on its own, without assistants, then it will be very difficult to lift the finished frame from the shade alone to the height of the strapping, set it evenly and temporarily, until it is finally fixed, fix it. And this means that each of the bars will have to be set separately.

The size of the bars for the racks of the wall frame should be at least 100 × 100 mm, but it can also be mounted from boards with a cross section of at least 50 × 150 mm.

The bars are attached to bottom harness with the help of powerful corners that are able to keep them in an upright position. It is best to use not nails, but a self-tapping screw for fastening - the difference in price is not so significant, but the quality and reliability of the assembly is incomparably higher.

When installing vertical racks, you must immediately mark the location of the openings for windows and doors. It is best to leave the area where they should be installed in the frame free, and install the part of the wall with the window opening separately.

Then, when the upper strapping bar is installed and fixed on all other vertical racks, the section with the window opening is fixed in the place left for it.

All four walls are assembled in the same way. At the corners, the side racks are fastened together with corners, or instead of two separate ones, one common one is mounted corner post. It is recommended to support it with diagonal braces on both sides - they will stiffen the entire wall structure.

The doorway is equipped in the frame immediately. It is reinforced with an additional rack, since the hinged door has a certain weight, which must be calmly supported by both the reinforced opening and the entire wall frame.

If you plan to sheathe the frame with outside clapboard, then the next step is to carry out this event. Sheathing will give the structure additional rigidity, which will allow you to continue the installation of the attic floor and

Floor installation can be carried out immediately after outer skin walls, but only if the roof is roofed on the same day. It is highly undesirable for a freshly laid floor covering to get wet if it suddenly rains at night. Therefore, it is better to solve the issue with the roof first, and then calmly deal with all other construction activities inside the house.

Roof construction and roofing

Types of truss systems

A few words need to be said about the types of truss systems, since, moving on to the construction of the roof, you need to have a general idea about this, to know which design is better to choose.

Rafter systems are of two types - hanging and layered.

Hanging system

The hanging truss system is distinguished by the fact that it is arranged only on external load-bearing walls and does not have other supports. It is perfect for erecting over a small country house. In order to lighten the load on the wooden walls and on the foundation, the hanging rafters are fastened with a puff.

Myself hanging structure consists of cross bar, which also performs an overlapping function, and can simultaneously be a frame for filing the ceiling, as well as from the rafter legs that form the roof slopes.

Layered system

The layered system is mounted if in the house, in addition to external walls, there are internal capital partitions, which will become additional points of support. Such a scheme can also be used in the construction of the roof of a country house, if it has a large area and its rooms are separated by walls built on a foundation.

With this system, the load on the load-bearing side walls becomes weaker, so fewer retaining elements can be used. It is great for attic structures that will be used as living quarters.

floor beams

An important structural element - floor beams

The beams are laid exactly above the vertical posts of the wall frame. In order for them to fit snugly on the upper strapping belt, grooves are cut at their edges. The size of the grooves can be calculated based on the formula shown in the figure.

Beams are fixed to the frame structure of the walls with nails or self-tapping screws, and in addition they are sometimes fixed on both sides with metal corners.

Having completed the installation of the overlapping beams, you can proceed to building the roof truss system. For safety reasons, temporary plank flooring is laid on the floor beams to ensure the comfort of movement along the attic plane during the installation of rafters.

Installation of the truss system

The roof truss system can be mounted using a different sequence of fixing its elements:

First option. It is necessary to fasten the extreme pairs of rafter legs on the ground, then raise them to the harness and install them ready-made on the gable walls of the house. And then connect them with a ridge beam, and already mount the remaining pairs of rafters on it.
Second option. To begin with, install the middle racks along the gables, then fasten them with a ridge bar or board, on which the rafters are then attached.
Third option. In this case, pairs of rafter legs in their upper part are fastened together with a ridge pad, and their lower side is fixed on the wall trim, which in this option will play the role of Mauerlat.

The cross section of the beams or logs used for the rafter legs must be strictly maintained - depending on the rafter length between two fulcrum, and depending on the step between adjacent pairs of rafters

Maximum allowable length rafter leg(in mm)	Rafter spacing (in mm)
	1100		1400		1750		2100
	*Section of the rafter leg (in mm)*
	bars with a section	logs Ø	bars with a section	logs Ø	bars with a section	logs Ø	bars with a section	logs Ø
up to 3000	80×100	100	80×100	130	90×100	150	90×160	160
up to 3600	80×130	130	80×160	160	80×180	180	90×180	180
up to 4300	80×160	160	80×180	180	90×180	180	100×200	200
up to 5000	80×180	180	80×200	200	100×200	200	-	-
up to 5800	80×200	200	100×200	200	-	-	-	-
up to 6500	100×200	200	120×220	240	-	-	-	-

It should be noted that the rafter attachment point in its lower part will depend on the angle at which they are fastened on the ridge and how long they are.

If the rafter is long enough and protrudes beyond the bearing walls, then a notch is cut out on it, with which it will be installed on the strapping beam (). An example of such a cut is shown in the picture:

If the rafter ends at the edge bearing wall, then its lower edge is cut off at a right angle with respect to the Mauerlat, and the leg itself can be fixed on it using a special mounting plate, a sliding support, a corner, a bracket, nails or long self-tapping screws.

If the house is very small, then after fixing the rafters on the strapping, tying them with a ridge beam or board, you most likely will not have to install additional retaining elements.

Detailed information about the exact one can be obtained from a special publication of our portal by clicking on the recommended link:

For the installation of additional, reinforcing elements of the truss system, the material can be selected in accordance with the recommendations indicated in the table:

Roofing system

After the rafters and additional elements form the slopes of the roof, you can proceed to the installation of the subsystem for roofing.

The first thing that needs to be done from the outside of the roof, after installing the rafters, is to lay a vapor barrier film, securing it first with brackets, and then with counter-lattice strips on the rafters.

The film is laid perpendicular to the rafters, starting from the lower, eaves of the roof. The overlap between two adjacent strips must be at least 200 mm.

The main crate is mounted perpendicular to the counter-lattice, on which the roofing material will be attached. The installation step of the guides depends on the type and size of the roofing material sheets.

If, however, for covering the roof is chosen soft roof, then instead of the laths of the lathing, the slopes are covered with a continuous one - with plywood, and then with waterproofing sheets of roofing material, which is overlapped by 150 ÷ 200 mm and glued together bituminous mastic. Another option is to use soft bituminous decorative tiles, which are laid using a similar technology.

For wooden houses, the following roofing materials are most often used (depending on the steepness of the roof slope).

On the prepared base, the selected roofing material is laid and fixed. Work starts from the cornice, and if the first row is laid from right to left, then all other rows are mounted in the same way.

Some types of roofing materials have a strictly specified installation scheme in the direction, which cannot be changed. This must be indicated in the instructions attached to them.
Also, for any type of sheet roofing materials, the amount of overlap in the direction of the slope (usually 150 ÷ 200 mm), and the number of waves (relief protrusions) in the horizontal direction, along the roof, is determined.

Almost all roofing materials are fixed on the crate with the help of special nails or self-tapping screws with waterproofing gaskets.

It is very important to choose and fix the ridge elements of the roof correctly, otherwise it will leak at the first rain. Usually the ridge element is selected from the same material as the covering of the roof slopes.
Further, the cornice overhang of the roof is finished - this can be done with a wooden or plastic clapboard. Sometimes special plastic elements - soffits - are used for these purposes.

Then, elements of the roof drainage system are installed on the windboard - funnels, gutters on brackets, pipes, etc.

Further, the gable sides of the truss system are sheathed. Most often, wooden or plastic lining or even planed boards are used for this.

For lining along the perimeter of the gable triangle, a special profile is fixed, into which panels prepared and cut at the right angle will be installed. Installation is usually carried out symmetrically - from the middle rack to one and then the other side - then the skin will turn out to be even and neat.

By the way, to mount the lining, Besides, you can horizontally, herringbone or come up with a more complex pattern.

Detailed information about the technology can be found in the article posted on our website by clicking on link.

Now, having finished the external roofing and being sure that the rain will no longer get inside the country house, you can proceed to the installation of windows and doors, insulation, flooring and wall cladding.

Installation of windows and doors

Window frames are mounted in the frame openings left for them, set according to the level. For preliminary fixation, when the frame is set, spacers made of wooden bars or slats are installed between it and the bars of the opening.

Then, after checking the correct installation, the frames are attached to the wall frame with metal strips. The remaining gaps between the frame and frame bars are filled mounting foam. After it dries, the excess is cut off, and around the windows with outer side platbands are installed on the walls, which will close the unsightly appearance of the gaps and give accuracy general view house.

The installation of the door is best done together with the door frame, if it has sufficient rigidity. So it will be much easier to align the entire structure according to the level in doorway walls.

The door is best installed as a block - together with the frame and leaf

Exposing the door frame, if necessary, to achieve a clear vertical position, enclose wedges (inserts) from wooden slats. The door frame is fixed to the frame in the same way as window frames, using metal strips, and the gap is filled with mounting foam.

Having installed windows and doors in all, you can proceed to the installation of the floor.

Installation and floor insulation

To begin with, the temporary flooring from the boards (if there was one) is removed from the lower frame, and then you need to install the subfloor.

To do this, cranial bars are nailed or screwed onto the frame load-bearing beams. They are necessary for laying transverse subfloor boards on them.

Further, boards sawn exactly to size are laid on the cranial bars, or plywood 8 ÷ 10 mm thick - this flooring will serve as a subfloor.
From above, the laid subfloor is closed hydro- paro— insulating film, which should cover both the load-bearing beams and the entire floor plane. Individual sheets of material are overlapped (by 150 ÷ 200 mm) and glued at the joints with waterproof tape.

Further, insulating material is laid or poured on the vapor barrier film. If there is no desire to have as neighbors who like to settle under the floor, then it is better to use expanded clay of medium or fine fraction, or ecowool, to insulate the floor - these toothy pests simply do not live in such materials.

On top of the insulation, another layer of film membrane is laid, which is nailed to the supporting beams with brackets. The laying principle is exactly the same as on the subfloor.

With the floor - finished!

Then the whole structure is covered with thick plywood or wooden floorboards.

Measures for additional thermal insulation

When the floor is completely ready, the walls of the house are insulated and sheathed from the inside. If the building will be used only in the warm season, then the insulation will still not hurt - it will work as an insulator of the premises from heating in extreme heat. Therefore, it is recommended to lay a thermal insulation layer not only in the walls, but also in the ceiling, and if it is absent, place the insulation along the inner slopes of the roof.

First, vapor barrier material is fixed to all walls and ceiling beams. Then the ceiling is sheathed with clapboard, plywood or drywall.
After covering the ceiling, the walls are insulated. At the same time, insulation mats are laid between the racks of the frame. It is necessary to make sure that the mats stand as tightly as possible with an emphasis on the bars of the wall frame, so that there are no gaps left.

That is why mineral wool is most often used as a heater - after dense laying between the racks, it will straighten out, completely filling the entire space. The material is usually selected so that the thickness of the mats and the thickness of the frame posts are the same.

After that, all walls are again tightened with a vapor barrier film.

The next step is wall cladding. wooden clapboard, plywood or . The latter, with subsequent decorative trim walls, can be painted water-based paint or covered with wallpaper.

Next, insulate attic floor, there is a heater - it fits between the floor beams.

If the ceiling is sheathed from the side of the house with drywall or clapboard, then we must not forget that it is impossible to step on it, since the sheathing will not support the weight of a person. It is necessary to move carefully along the floor beams.

In the event that the attic is planned to be used for storing various garden accessories, then on top of the insulation on the floor beams, it is necessary to fix the flooring from boards or plywood with a thickness of at least 10 mm.
finishing touches interior decoration there will be installation of platbands on windows and doors, ceiling and floor plinths and closing corners with fittings.

Extensions to the house

The last stages of arranging a country house are installation work on the veranda and on the porch.

If space is left in advance for the veranda on the frame lying on the foundation, then a board is laid on this space to cover the floor (material for open areas is used), a fence is installed and a canopy is mounted.

If the foundation is raised high enough above the ground, then a porch is also attached to it.

Building a country house with your own hands is a completely doable task, but it will be quite difficult to manage without helpers. Therefore, it is best to seek help from a knowledgeable master who has experience in such work, will always give useful advice and will show how certain nodes are correctly mounted in the construction of the house. You can "mobilize" relatives and friends - it is possible that a knowledgeable person will be among them.

Video: construction of a country house using frame technology

A suburban area is not only land with a garden and plantings. Many city dwellers come there for a good rest, so you need to have a house on the site. Not all summer residents have the opportunity to build a comfortable house on six acres. Many people get out of this situation by choosing the option of building an economy class house.

Inexperienced and novice summer residents are faced with the question of choosing cheap materials for construction. Below are examples of inexpensive and cozy country houses with visual photos.

Where to start building

Any construction begins with a plan on paper. The house outside the city is not intended for year-round use, but for the sake of comfort it requires familiarization with a typical project.

Among the projects of country houses in the lead with an attic or attic. This option allows you to abandon the construction on the site of the outbuildings. All inventory and working tools are stored in the attic. In addition to such a house, you can attach a veranda or terrace that acts as a dining room.

Strip foundation requires more time and cost. The positive side of it is that it allows you to use the room under the floor as a basement.

The next stage of preparation is the material of the "box" of the future building. There are several types of inexpensive and reliable building materials:

Frame-panel structures

The frame is mounted with a beam and sheathed wooden planks Fiberboard or chipboard. Expanded polystyrene, glass wool or polystyrene are used as insulation. The result is a house with minimal costs, which can be operated all year round.

The house from a bar differs in the durability. Construction work will cost more. When using cheap timber, there is a chance of encountering the problem of shrinkage of the building. As a result, cracks and gaps appear. The log house will also have to be insulated.

A clay house is the cheapest and easiest construction option. Building materials are right under your feet. The construction technique is similar to clay modeling.

The downside is the building process that is too long in time. It will take several seasons to build a clay dwelling.

The trailer is common among newcomers to summer residents. The best option for living in the summer or during the construction of a comfortable home.

Construction of a frame structure

Frame construction belongs to the category of low-budget. It is not difficult to build a country house with your own hands without the help of specialists. If everyone necessary materials are ready, the term of work will last several weeks.

To build a house you will need:

bars for the frame;
self-tapping screws and corners;
wooden boards chipboard or fiberboard;
insulation;
piles for the foundation.

Stages of building a frame house

At the marked places, piles are driven in the corners. Mount concrete or brick supports under the joints of the walls. Then they cover them with waterproofing material and tie them with a channel.

A lattice of bars is laid around the entire perimeter. Placed on top of it wooden logs at a distance of 50-60 cm from each other. All parts are fixed with corners and self-tapping screws.

Next, vertical racks are mounted, firmly resting on the bar grate. The finished frame is tied and attic logs are placed on top of it. Next up is the framing work. wooden slabs. At this stage, holes are left for windows and doors.

Now you need to decide on the choice of roof for a country house. Most summer residents choose gable and shed roofs. As an economy, the second option deserves more attention. When building a roof, do not forget about the vapor barrier. The roof will be inexpensive sheets of corrugated board or ondulin.

Facing the outside is done using siding. Before this, the outer walls are insulated special materials. Instead of plastic windows install ordinary wooden without double-glazed windows. This approach will significantly reduce the cost of construction.

With the help of simple and simple tips the country house will be ready for operation in less than a month. Those who do not have enough time for construction can contact construction company, where they will offer to build a house for a turnkey cottage at an affordable price.

A few words about the interior

No matter how the house looks from the outside, inside the country house must meet all the requirements of our time. Gone are the days when a cottage in the country was used for cooking and lodging for the night.

Rest in the country - first of all, comfort and organization inside the house. There are many budget ways to satisfy the most desirable interior solutions.

Country - rustic style in the interior. Here you can not do without cabinets and shelves, curtained with curtains with embroidery. Crocheted napkins, tablecloths and rugs from old clothes will look good.

Soviet-era blankets and capes on stools are indispensable. In addition to embodying the image of a Russian hut, you can dream up in the style of American culture.

Retro - offers decoration with old crockery, lampshade, antique sofa. Retro style is emphasized by cuckoo clocks, patterns with flowers or geometric ornaments.

Classic - distinguished by luxury in the interior. To create this style you will need:

furniture made of expensive materials;
chandeliers or sconces;
heavy textile curtains;
large carpets;
paintings by famous artists;
antique items.

Country style - the most common type of interior. Here there is a mixture of all styles, depending on the preferences of the owners.

The classic style of the living room goes well with rustic cuisine. Retro ideally adjoins the bedroom, on the floor of which lies an oriental carpet.

Dacha is a favorite place for city dwellers for outdoor recreation. The house in the country is the main component of the summer cottage. It's not hard to build... construction market offers a variety of inexpensive materials.

As assistants, you can always turn to friends or neighbors in the area. Among them, most likely, there are homemade masters.

DIY photo of country houses

If it is possible to put on small plot a wide building, while observing all the necessary standards, it will be possible to easily select a suitable project. The situation is more difficult with the choice of projects for small houses, whose dimensions are 6x6 or 7x7 meters. There are few such architectural projects being developed, and those that exist cannot always please the presence of a bathroom on the plan.

What to do if you find a suitable project for small house failed? Is it possible to refuse construction? Of course not! You can design everything yourself! This is exactly what the owners of a small plot near Moscow did. Below is their project of the house and a phased construction plan.

When choosing an architectural project, the following requirements were put forward:

1. On the site there is an old dilapidated strip foundation 7.3x7.3 meters, which is unsuitable for use under new house. It is expensive to remove such a foundation, and this place is ideal for the construction of a new building. If you pour a new foundation inside the old one, then the size of the future house will be 6x6 m, if outside - about 9x9. A large house is not suitable due to the fact that it will be necessary to violate the rules for building the site, and such construction will cost more. Accordingly, it was decided to build a house 6x6 m and without bay windows. In addition, the length wooden materials, as a rule, is 6 m, which saves on building materials.

2. Profiled timber was chosen as the main building material due to environmental friendliness and low financial costs for finishing.

3. The house is designed for three adults to live in it from April to October, with possible arrivals in the winter.

4. The house should have two full floors with a ceiling height of 2.6 m.

5. Simple gable roof without skylights which saves material and construction costs.

6. Based on the fact that each resident should have a separate room, the house should be located next premises: 3 bedrooms, a kitchen (on the plan it is indicated as a room of 9.4 m on the ground floor), a bathroom, a storage room-dressing room.

7. The stairs to the second floor must have a turntable for safety reasons. On the plan, a staircase with winder steps is mistakenly drawn. Under the stairs is a wardrobe.

8. The bathroom should have a sink, a toilet bowl, a 150 cm long bathtub. The bathroom can be combined, since there is one more toilet on the site.

9. Possibility of adding a terrace to the entire width of the house instead of a porch.

A finished project that meets these requirements was not found. Basically, projects of small houses do not provide for a bathroom or a second full floor (all projects have mansard roof), but there are steep stairs that are contrary to safety requirements. It is for this reason that the project of the house had to be done by the owners of the site themselves.

The main feature of the project was to be the extreme simplicity and reliability of the design, but at the same time, to make it comfortable to live in.

Construction works

1. Construction work was started on June 1, 2007. A trench was dug under the house-strip foundation, after which reinforcement and formwork were made. The depth of the foundation was 0.7 m, the width was 0.4 m. The plinth was reinforced, 0.6 m high, and the diameter of the used reinforcement was 10-12 mm. The connection was made with plastic clamps. The work was carried out on weekends by the owners themselves.

3. Within 1-2 weeks, the foundation was watered, and after 14 days the formwork was removed, the foundation itself was defended for 28 days (as they read in the book).

4. The basement was waterproofed: 2 layers of Penetron on all sides, on top - Tar from Knauf, and another layer of glass isol. Within 2 days, the owners did it all on their own.

5. On August 17, a construction beam was brought. Delivery of the house by the construction team is scheduled for September 2, 2007. External and internal walls made of profiled timber (145x130 mm), and the roof is covered with metal tiles. They decided to make window openings 1200x1200 in size, and the window sill was raised by about 90-95 cm, almost like in a city apartment.

6. For the 2008 construction season, the final finishing of the house is planned: windows, doors, floor, ceiling, insulation, painting, communications, etc.

7. Exterior finish it is planned in the style of a la half-timbered house, that is, a house made of beams will be painted with light paint, and boards and slats will be nailed on top to match the color of the metal tile. (see photo) The owners themselves say that if they built not wooden, but brick house, then they would not pour the foundation on their own, because brick walls cracks on shrinkage. With a wooden house, such troubles will not happen.

In addition, some believe that the step for the vertical working reinforcement was too big, it was necessary to distribute it more often, and that in vain they put horizontal working reinforcement not only in the upper, but also in the middle zone.

However, it should be noted that the step width of the vertical working reinforcement is 30-35 cm and this will be enough, because the new foundation is inside the old one, and the loads will not be distributed as usual. The horizontal reinforcement in the middle chord serves not only to create a spatial frame, but to hold the vertical reinforcement in the design position during concrete pouring, so this is more of a “plus” than a “minus”. The use of plastic clamps for tying instead of knitting wire made it possible to significantly reduce the time of work.

Another "disadvantage" of such a house, someone may consider that it is impossible to live in it in the winter. And this is a common misconception! In fact, the word “no” means only that, from an engineering point of view, more money will be spent on heating than on maintaining temperature regime in a well-insulated house with thicker walls. So in winter you can live in any house!

In the attic, the owners plan to store all sorts of things. Perhaps they will even make special lockers there from the leftovers. building material. The height of the attic under the "ridge" is 2 meters, so if necessary, you can even organize a living space there. Stairs to the attic are still being planned. There was a proposal to install a retractable metal ladder. However, for financial reasons, it was decided to postpone the solution of this problem for the time being. They are also thinking about creating an extension from the side of the porch or on the corner

Financial side

The cost of building such a house without finishing amounted to about 700,000 rubles, of which about 80,000 rubles went to the foundation, and 250,000 to pay for construction work. It would be possible to save on materials by buying them yourself, as well as on paying for the construction team by inviting "acquaintances" of workers, but in the summer all good builders are already busy with other jobs.

Recently, the hostess saw in the program " unusual houses world" three-level house measuring 3.5x3.5 m (however, on the third level there is only a bed) and now she happily tells everyone that her house is not the smallest!

In order for the house to take up a minimum of space and at the same time turn out to be spacious and comfortable, it must be two-story, with a full-fledged, and not attic, second floor. This construction option is ideal for building a private house within the city, since in cities small and narrow areas are usually allocated for private construction.

Rationality and style

Modern two-story cottages are designed with an attractive facade, an energy-efficient building shape, and a simple interior design. And these are just some of their advantages of home projects for a small plot. However, not so long ago they were considered less attractive than one-story houses or cottages with an attic second level. The situation has changed due to the fact that cubic architectural forms and cottages with flat roofs.

The shape of a two-story building, whether it has a trendy flat roof or a classic pitched roof, fits better into the surroundings of urban buildings, which often have a strict and restrained architecture. In addition, the façades, decorated in a modern style with wide glazing, concrete and metal elements, are fully consistent with the urban atmosphere.

The square shape of the building allows you to distribute the interior space in the most rational way, get a comfortable layout, using each square meter home for maximum benefit. In addition, square buildings are the most energy efficient, since their facades do not have such a number of “cold bridges”, which occurs during the construction of complex buildings with ledges, arches, bay windows, etc. The thing is that “cold bridges” are formed in places of joints and bends, and how simpler design exterior walls, the better they retain heat. It would not be superfluous to note the financial efficiency of building square houses.

A characteristic feature of the new generation of cottages is a flat roof. However, for one reason or another, it is not always possible to build private houses with a roof without slopes. Therefore, if the house is with a classic pitched roof, then it is better to design slopes with completely sloping, with an angle of inclination of 30-40 degrees. In this case, the building will have a modern silhouette. The roof can be four or gable. The second option is more economical in construction and provides higher heat savings.

On the ground floor, most often there is a daily area with a living room, kitchen and warehouses. The second floor is a night area with bedrooms, a bathroom, a dressing room. If people of different generations live in the house, then it is two-story option will allow the most optimal way to divide the residential area so that no one interferes with anyone.

In the layout of a two-story house, zoning is carried out by levels. At the same time, one-story buildings are zoned using a complex communication scheme, including additional halls and corridors, which, in fact, usable area are not. This means that a dwelling on one level must initially be designed with a larger area, otherwise, due to the corridors, the area of \u200b\u200bliving premises will be reduced as a result.

Economy

IN two-story house there are no rooms with sloping walls, as in attic houses. This is a serious advantage, because sloping walls require a special approach in arranging rooms, as well as the use of expensive skylights.

Despite the fact that a one-story cottage requires the construction of a foundation with a lower bearing capacity, and does not require the installation of internal stairs, arranging a foundation for a two-story house still comes out cheaper. It's all about the footprint of the building. For two-level houses with a full-fledged second floor, a stronger foundation is needed, but its area is half as much, hence the savings.

During the construction of two-story cottages, the summing up of communication systems is also more economical. So, in a one-story house, at least two bathrooms must be provided, and they should be located in different parts buildings, and therefore it is necessary to stretch water and sewer pipes through almost the entire house. It is especially difficult to provide hot water. In a two-story house, the bathrooms are simply placed one above the other, and on the ground floor the kitchen and the bathroom are planned side by side, and thus they get savings in the supply and operation of communications.

Another important advantage of two-story buildings is that they can be built in stages, and over time, modernized and completed. For example, you can build only the lower floor of the house at first, and cover it with a roof. Later, in the process of how the family will increase, you can build a second floor. Even later, if necessary, you can convert the under-roof space into an attic.

Modern energy saving two-storey cottage not only economical in operation. It also compares favorably with private houses of another type with a guaranteed high market value. Energy-efficient housing, built according to the latest architectural trends, can be quickly and expensively sold if necessary.