Roof construction of roofs of private houses. The roof of a private house - types, shapes, designs

A solid, well-made roof is just as important to your home as a solid, well-built wall. Properly designed, it will protect the building from various climatic influences and retain precious heat. A project made by specialists or with your own hands will help to plan a future roof.

Projects to date are carried out with the help of various computer programs, and the databases have more variety already ready-made options. Photos of various roof projects can be seen below.

General roof design principles

In order to correctly create a roof project, it is necessary to study the design and materials of the load-bearing walls of the building, the climatic conditions of the region in which the house is built, discuss design preferences with the customer, if necessary, the method of thermal insulation, budget, materials, deadlines and draw up an optimal estimate.

To create a project, you can use such software products as ArCon, FloorPlan3D, Autodesk Autocad.

If you decide to draw up a roof project yourself, you should start by preparing sketches. Consider the design of the future roof, materials, color theme and more. Put all your thoughts on paper, count all the pros and cons and decide on the best solution.

The next stage is the most difficult. You need to start creating diagrams. They should be carried out taking into account all important details: determination of the angle of inclination, possible loads on the roof, selection of rafters, calculation of the size and quantity of materials and their purchase. The last stage is directly construction works, according to the created drawings.

Shed roof projects

A shed roof plan is usually developed for buildings whose wall dimensions do not exceed 6-7 meters. Such a roof is also ideal for covering garages, verandas and attics. For its arrangement, it is possible to use one large sheet of roofing and cladding material.

Flat Roof Projects

Flat roofs have an angle of inclination from 2 to 5 degrees, therefore they are considered ineffective, especially in winter time year, when snow lingers on them for a long time. The appearance of such a roof is unpresentable and therefore recently they have been used only for covering outbuildings.

One design is easy to make, minimal time, low material, affordable, and therefore there are people who choose it.

A flat roof project may provide for the creation extra bed recreation. On such roofs it is possible to place verandas, green spaces and even pools.

Gable roof projects

The most popular and sought-after roofing option for a private home is gable roof. It allows you to equip an additional room. In the design of such a roof, it is possible to add an arrangement of windows to provide additional illumination and ventilation.

sloping roof project

Such a roof combines two structures - hip and broken. Usually used for large, presentable houses, its design is quite difficult to implement, so the project includes all the small and complex details.

Such a roof is referred to as a mansard, because due to the tangible angles of inclination it creates another additional room.

Half hip roof project

This type is considered to be something between a gable and a hip roof. In appearance, it resembles two trapeziums and two triangles connected to each other.

Can be installed on gables dormer windows. The roof of this design looks original, it is preferred and ordered quite often.

hipped roof project

A four-slope or hip roof is one of the most stable and reliable, able to withstand powerful gusts of wind and rain. The project of such roofs is always complex and difficult to implement, usually they provide for dormer and dormer windows and are used for large houses.

Domed and conical roof project

Dome roofs are used for large tracks, semi-open theaters, circuses and houses unusual design. Conical roofs in houses cover small rooms, or turrets to create an original design. Usually they are combined with other types of roofs.

The choice of material for cladding

After the type and type of roof for the project is determined, it is necessary to think about the cladding that is best suited for your home, and make it practical and beautiful.

There are many types, color schemes materials and their fractions for roof finishing. It can be slate or tile, iron, roofing felt or metal profile. In some cases, the roof is made of wood.

If you made a roof project on your own and plan to build it yourself, first consult with a specialist. In any project, architectural or structural miscalculations can be made, the insulation or ventilation system is incorrectly selected.

Another miscalculation can be an incorrectly compiled drainage system, which can lead to the destruction of the roof or an error in the calculation of the slope.

With all the above errors, the roof may turn out to be fragile and unreliable and, having saved on specialist advice, you will soon have to spend money on unplanned repairs.

Photos of roof projects

The roof is called the upper enclosing structure of the building. As part of the roof, a load-bearing part (panels, girders, trusses, rafters, etc.) can be distinguished, which transfers the load from its own weight, as well as from wind and snow, to individual supports and walls, and the outer shell - the roof. The roof can be non-attic and attic, and the attic, in turn, can be cold, which can protect the building only from the effects of precipitation, or insulated. For the premises of the upper floor, the attic floor performs the role of thermal protection. If the roof is not attic, then it is at the same time attic floor. Such a roof is called combined or simply covered.

A slope is called a sloping roof surface, which is necessary for the flow of water. The line on which two slopes intersect, forming an inclined outer corner is called a rib, and an inner one is a groove or valley. The top horizontal edge is called the ridge. The slopes of the slopes must be set depending on the operational and architectural requirements, as well as climatic conditions and roofing material.

Types of roofs intended for private houses

Currently, there are many forms and types roof structures, which very often not only determine the design of the building, but also provide additional functionality.

Thanks to the presence of a roof, the inhabitants of the house will not only be protected from precipitation, but will also receive a significant increase in usable living space.

Roofs are classified according to various parameters, the first of which is the angle of inclination of the slopes. Let's look at the main types of roofs of houses that are used in construction.

This type of roof is the simplest, moreover, it does not require large financial investments. Its name speaks about the shape of such a roof - it is a flat roof that practically does not form a slope, which rests on walls of the same height.

A flat roof should have about 2.5-3% to the horizon. The big disadvantage of such a roof is that, due to a slight slope, precipitation begins to accumulate on its surface, which can lead to the formation of roof leaks, so it is necessary to manually remove snow from this type of roof.

In the construction of private houses, such a roof structure is practically not used, but in the construction of outbuildings, and multi-storey buildings it is used very often.

Having the same architectural basis, the area pitched roof there will always be more than a flat roof, so a flat roof will help save a lot on materials. Laying a flat roof is more convenient, since it is much easier to install a roofing pie that is right under your feet than to be in an unsafe position on high altitude. At the same time, neither the maintenance of a flat roof, nor the cleaning of funnels, nor any other routine inspections will cause any particular difficulty, but control over the flooring, ventilation ducts, antennas and other technical devices would be a routine procedure, not a climbing exercise.

In addition, the construction of a flat roof will help to obtain additional space without increasing the contour of the structure, since this type of roof can, if desired, be easily turned into a walking area, garden or. For example, in major European cities, the idea of operating a flat roof is in great demand, as it is becoming more and more relevant there. ecological problem. For this reason, the placement of fragments of lawns, front gardens and rooftop parks is becoming increasingly popular.

In order for a flat roof to be reliable protection for the inhabitants of the house, it is necessary to properly install it, using modern durable materials.

Structural elements

A flat roof has a bearing base, which can be a reinforced concrete slab or a metal profiled sheet. Then, on this base, a vapor barrier, heat-insulating material and a waterproofing layer are laid in layers.

In order for the entire structure not to suffer in the future, it must be remembered that each layer is very important. In order to competently carry out work on the installation of a flat roof, it is necessary to use an integrated approach, which consists in determining and subsequent implementation of the most optimal solution, as well as the type of coating, taking into account all operational and technological properties: decorative qualities, ease of repair and maintenance, labor intensity construction, fire resistance and water resistance.

This type of roof is most often used in the construction of private houses and.

A pitched roof is named so because its surface consists of slopes, that is, sloping roof surfaces whose slope exceeds 10%. Structurally, such roofs can be both non-attic (combined) and attic (separate). AT attic roof located between the attic floor and the roof non-residential premises which is called the attic. In a non-attic roof, load-bearing elements serve as the ceilings of the upper floor of the building.

This type of roof includes a structural part or a supporting frame of the roof, which takes on the load from the roof itself and precipitation, and the roof itself, which is a protection from any external influence. Due to the presence of a slope, which is most often expressed as a percentage or degrees, any precipitation is removed from the roof.

To determine the required roof slope, various factors must be taken into account:

The amount of snow cover that corresponds to a given area. The larger the angle of inclination, the less snow will linger on the roof and, accordingly, the roof structure will be less loaded. Within the same country there may be areas with different amounts of snow cover. For example, on the territory of Ukraine in the northern regions (Sumy, Chernihiv), the amount of snow cover can reach up to 180 kg per square meter, and in the Crimea this value is only 80 kg.
Roof material. Depending on what material will be used, different types of slopes are applied.
architectural features. Most often, it is with the help of the roof that the architectural volume is solved. For example, the customer decided to make a flat roof and cover it with ceramic tiles, and the architect must either prove to him that this decision impossible, or offer another architectural solution that will allow the use of the selected roofing material.

Roofs that consist of only one plane are called lean-to. The truss system of such a roof should rest on the outer walls, which are located on different height, resulting in a slope.

Such a roof is best suited for outbuildings, as it is easy to build, it does not require large financial expenses, and a fairly wide range of materials can be used to cover the roof. For example, such a roof can be covered with roofing material, ondulin, metal tiles, metal profiles, tiles or slate. Various precipitation practically does not accumulate on a shed roof, and they drain in one direction, which greatly simplifies the task of laying storm sewers.

The disadvantages of this type of roof include limitations for design creativity and the lack attic space.

There are several elements in the design of a pitched roof:

A rafter system consisting of many additional elements. For example, in order to cover a large span, you may need elements such as struts, crossbars, struts, racks and others, with which you can provide the necessary rigidity to the truss system.
A layer of hydro and thermal insulation.
Lathing, which is used as the basis for the roof.
Directly the roofing material itself.

This form of roof is quite often used in the construction of private houses. This roof consists of two slopes lying on load-bearing walls that are located at the same height.

Sometimes such a roof is called a gable roof, since the space formed by two slopes has a triangular shape and is called a gable (gables).
Building such a roof is a little more difficult than a pitched roof, but it is much easier than other types of roofs.

It is believed that the gable roof is able to withstand strong wind loads, cope with snowfall and heavy rain, and in general it is very reliable in operation.

The appearance of such a roof is much more attractive and interesting compared to a shed roof, and its design involves the use of a wide variety of roofing materials.

Part gable roof are included rafter legs and Mauerlat, but in addition it contains a large number of different stops, crossbars, racks, struts and battens. Roofing, waterproofing, insulation and vapor barrier layer also apply to the roof structure. When creating a drawing of a gable roof, all components of the roof must be indicated.

This type of roof is one of the varieties of a gable roof. The mansard roof is distinguished by a broken line of roof slopes, which is why it is sometimes called a broken line. You can break roof slopes at a variety of angles, so you can significantly increase both usable area, and the volume of the attic used as a living room and called the attic.

The gables of the mansard roof are pentagonal in shape. Of course, the design of a sloping roof has some of its own characteristics, but at the same time it is built quite easily and quickly. Most often, this type of roof is used in the construction of private cottages and summer cottages.

When building a mansard roof, it is necessary to pay great attention to thermal insulation, as it will be built into a gable roof, which means that the temperature of the room itself will directly depend on the quality of thermal insulation.

The height of the mansard roof from the ceiling to the ridge is most often about 2.5 to 3.5 meters. With the help of a mansard roof, you can give a special architectural expressiveness to the whole house.

Thanks to the mansard roof, you can not build walls, but arrange a roof on the existing walls of the lower floor. Using a wide variety of types of furniture designs, it is very interesting to equip a living space. attic space.

For the construction of a mansard roof, you can use exactly the same materials as for a gable roof.

This type of roof has four slopes, while the first two slopes are made in the form of an isosceles trapezoid, and the other two slopes are triangles that are located on the side of the gables of the hip roof and are called hips.

For the construction of this roof, a construction with a double tightening and beams is used. Due to its shape, such a roof contributes to a very quick removal from the roof of snow and water. The classic hip roof has rather steep angles of inclination of about 45 degrees, but at the same time it resists strong northerly winds very well.

This hipped roof must be equipped with gutters, as it has very steep slopes. You should not engage in the installation of such a roof yourself, it is better to entrust this matter to specialists, since the hip roof has a very complex system of rafters, which requires accuracy and accuracy.

Materials for this type of roof can be used in a variety of ways, both heavy and light. But it must be borne in mind that a heavy roof has good sound insulation, stabilizes the roof better and lives longer. True, for a heavy roof, a reinforced rafter system is needed.

Most often, the design of the hip roof is used in the southern regions.

The structure includes:

Ridge beam, which is the highest point of the hip roof. Among other things, this is the junction of all faces. Very often, if no architectural intervention is required, the center of the coverage area is located in the center of the ridge beam.
Corner rafters connect the corners of the house with the ridge beam. Most often there are four of them and they all have the same length.
Short rafters are rafters with different sizes. The number of such rafters depends on the area of \u200b\u200bthe roof. They connect the corner rafters with one end, and with the other they rely on the mauerat, if any, or on the corner of the house.
Intermediate central rafters, which are installed at the ends of the ridge beam. The number of rafters of this type is six, that is, three rafters on each side.
Intermediate rafters, which rest on the Mauerlat on one side and on the ridge beam on the other.

From all of the above, we can conclude that the design of the hip roof is quite complicated.

This type of roof is something between a hip and a gable roof. The pediment of the semi-hipped roof is also made in the shape of a trapezoid. Sometimes such a roof is called Dutch.

The half-hip roof has no sharp corners, so it resists strong winds very well. It is for this reason that a half-hipped roof is most often used in regions where winds often blow.

A half-hip roof can also have a rather individual design. For example, in regions with severe winters and heavy snowfalls, it is necessary to make small overhangs and steep slopes, and for mild climates, the overhang can be made larger and the slopes less steep.

A hip roof is a type of hip roof. But in the case of a hipped roof, any regular rectangle or square should be at the base of the house so that all slopes have a triangular shape and converge with their vertices at the top point.

This type of roof is very similar to a pyramid, it looks very beautiful and is a real decoration. Mounting such a roof is quite difficult, as well as a hip roof, due to the fact that its design has a very complex truss system.

Such roofs are used in the construction of houses that have a complex polygonal shape with side attics and outbuildings.

Such roofs have a lot of external and internal corners. For the installation of this roof, it is better to call qualified builders, as it is very complicated. But the appearance of a multi-gable roof is distinguished by its special originality and beauty.

Such a roof is becoming increasingly popular with architects. Houses with a domed roof are interesting in that only 1/5 of the height of the house is made up of walls, and 4/5 is given to the roof.

Also, this type of roof can be used to organize the overlap of part of the building. Such a roof is constructed from curved frame elements, and the roofing material can be flexible (plastic tiles, galvanized steel) or soft ( shingles, stekloizol, roofing material) materials.

The designer or architect tries to choose the roof in such a way that it blends harmoniously with the overall architectural style Houses. But in any case, the final decision on choosing the shape of the roof remains with the customer. How to choose the right roof shape for your home? Once you figure it out, it's not that hard.

When choosing a roof shape for your home, you need to think not only about its beauty, but also about functional features various types roofs.

First of all, choosing a roof, you need to answer a number of important questions for yourself:

Whether you leave the second floor non-residential or make it residential. You can make a full-fledged floor out of the attic, or you can leave it uninhabited, using it to store unnecessary things, equipment, etc.
What is the maximum and minimum height of the second floor should be. Most often, it varies from 3.5 meters (maximum) to 2.5 meters (minimum). Making the height less than or greater than these values is not recommended.
Will you make full-size windows on the second floor, whose area is 1/5-1/8 of total area floor or limit yourself to small windows with an area of 0.7-1.5 square meters. Lighting must be sufficient. Most often, the window area is 1/4-1/5 of the total floor area.
It is necessary to consult with the architect and find out if there are any restrictions on the height of your house, whether you will shade the neighboring house, etc. The legal aspect must also be taken into account, since, for example, attic floor is not officially a full-fledged floor, so if for some reason it is impossible to build on the second floor, it will be possible to build on the attic.

Once all questions have been answered, you can choose suitable look roofs and set a task for the architect.

This article examined the main types of roofs of houses that are used in private construction, in fact there are a little more of them.

Roof construction - milestone building a private house. It protects residents from the sun, cold, precipitation and other surprises of nature. When drawing up a project, it is necessary to take into account the features climate zone. Its second function is aesthetic.

Who doesn't want to live in beautiful house? A spectacular roof can become the highlight of the whole building and even a local landmark.

Roof types

The choice of roof type is significantly influenced by the climate.

A flat solution is appropriate in areas with a minimum of annual rainfall. The absence or minimal (no more than 3º) slope in areas with a large number of them will lead to the accumulation of water on the roof. Subsequently, it may begin to leak.

More suitable for our latitudes pitched structure. The angle of inclination depends on the amount of precipitation, usually at least 10º. In a private house, the roof device often involves several slopes.

The architecture of the house may include an attic. In this case, the roof is separated from the residential part by an attic floor. The roofless roof is at the same time the ceiling of the upper floor.

When drawing up a roof project, you need to decide how to use the space under it. The appropriate shape and design depends on whether it is planned to place a living room or a pantry on it.

Shed roof tilted to one side at an angle of 20-30º. The slope should be located towards the winds. An excellent choice for a house with walls of different heights. This simple design effectively uses the area, simplifies the installation of the chimney and the subsequent completion of the floors.

Of the shortcomings, one can single out not the most interesting view. Unusual approach (combination of slopes on different levels, the use of metal tiles) will achieve an attractive result.

A fairly common option in our latitudes is a gable roof. The angle of inclination varies between 25-45º, exact value depends on the amount of precipitation in the region.

The slope should contribute to its natural purification from snow and water. This design is suitable for attic equipment, it is quickly and inexpensively mounted, and it opens up wide possibilities for design.

The four-pitched hip roof looks original, protects the facade from precipitation and is not afraid of strong wind. Under it, you can equip an attic or attic, but their area will be less than in the gable version. The disadvantage of the design is the complexity and laboriousness of construction.

The original semi-hip roof combines the last two types. It has a trapezoidal pediment, due to which it is resistant to the vagaries of the weather. May have two or four slopes. Behind the spectacular appearance hides the complexity of installation and roofing.

The tent is a kind of tent or pyramid in the form of four triangular slopes. Accordingly, the house should have the shape of a rectangle or square. good option coatings will be metal or slate.

The multi-gable roof has an attractive appearance and is suitable for houses of non-standard architecture with extensions. The complexity of the design, including many slopes and angles with different slopes, makes its installation accessible only to an experienced craftsman.

A beautiful and unusual domed or conical roof will suit a round or multifaceted structure. The robust and earthquake-resistant design is not afraid of surprises presented by the weather.

The main disadvantages are the impossibility of organizing an attic and the extreme complexity of installation. Rarely used in private homes.

Roof types can be combined. The architect has ample opportunities to create a functional and aesthetic option. The reverse side of the coin - the construction, design and maintenance are fraught with considerable difficulties.

The architecture of the house also plays a role in choosing the shape of the roof: for example, a gable or multi-gable building is more suitable for a building in a classical style. Photos of the roofs of private houses will help you make a choice.

Mansard roofs

In private houses, an attic or attic is often equipped. This decision is justified by a number of obtained advantages. Perhaps the most important of them is the additional area without the construction of a full-fledged floor.

A well-organized attic ventilation and thermal insulation system will improve the microclimate of the house. With the right approach, even the space between the roof and the walls of the attic can be effectively used. Windows built into the roof provide maximum natural light to the room.

Before starting work, make sure that the load-bearing walls and foundation can withstand the new loads.

The angle of inclination of the attic roof is usually 45-60º ( top part can be at an angle of 25-35º).

Material selection

The traditional roofing material is slate (asbestos-cement corrugated sheets). With reliability and cheapness, it remains quite heavy. A suitable roof slope for its use is 13-60º.

Not suitable for flat roofs, as precipitation will reduce the service life if it gets into the cracks. Bituminous slate is used starting from a 5º slope. The pitch of the crate depends on the angle: if it is less than 10º, a continuous flooring is required.

Ondulin, similar to slate, does not have the most presentable appearance. Suitable for outbuildings, can also be used in the repair of the roof of a private house. The harm to its merits is strength and durability.

Practical, inexpensive, lightweight metallic profile will be a good alternative to slate. You can choose the cover of your favorite color.

Roofing material is more often used to provide thermal insulation, rather than a full-fledged coating. Represents soft material black color.

The tile possesses high decorative qualities, reliable and easy. Produced in a variety of colors. The high cost of the roof can push away from the choice in her favor. A suitable slope for ceramic tiles is 30-60º. If it is less than 25º, care must be taken to increase ventilation and waterproofing.

Perhaps the most popular roof of a private house can be called a metal tile. It can be used starting with a 15º slope.

Bituminous tiles will repeat the surface of any curvature, so it will become good choice for an unusual roof (for example, domed). The minimum tilt angle is 12º.

Photos of roofs of private houses

A reliable roof is one of the main elements of a private house, which protects the building from rain, wind, snow and other natural phenomena. Without her dear, it is impossible to build a house in our latitudes. In addition, today the roof of a private house is more than just a part of the overall structure that protects from bad weather. Thanks to a huge selection of roofing materials and design developments, the roof of a country house allows you to emphasize the status and taste of the owner.

When building a house on your own, you need to know and understand many aspects of the construction business, and roof installation is one of the most complex and time-consuming. To make the roof of a private house with your own hands, in addition to knowledge about the types of roofs, their design features and installation steps, you will need 3 or 4 more reliable assistants who know a lot about installing roof structures.

Types of roofs of private houses

The design of the roof of a private house directly depends on which type of roof will be used. There are only two types of roofs: pitched and flat. And if private house with flat roof for the latitudes of the CIS - more exotic, and such houses can be found sooner in hotter regions, then the pitched roof of a private house is used everywhere. And there are many reasons for this, the main of which is the presence of a large number precipitation. It's about pitched roofs oh, let's talk about it.

A pitched roof is a structure whose roof plane is placed at an angle of more than 10 degrees. Such a roof can be with or without an attic. Among the pitched roofs are distinguished:

pitched roofs;
gable roofs;
hipped hipped roofs;
four-pitched hip roofs;
mansard roofs;
hipped roofs;
spire roofs.

Important! Shed roofs most often performed with an angle of inclination of 20 - 30 degrees, gable with an angle of 25 - 45 degrees, mansard roofs can have two angles of inclination: 25 - 35 degrees for the upper part and 45 - 60 degrees for the lower part.

Types of roofs of private houses: photo - scheme

Design and arrangement of the roof of a private house

About what kind of roof a country house will have, you need to take care at the stage of creating a private house project. This is due to the convenience of building a house as a whole. Of course, if it becomes necessary to make a completely new roof for an already built house, you will have to develop a new roof project that will harmoniously fit into the overall architectural concept. To independently create a new roof project, you can use special architectural programs or contact an architectural organization. Today there are quite a lot of such firms, and each of them will be able to offer finished projects roofs of private houses, well thought out and time-tested. The second option is preferable, especially if you are new to architecture. And in order not to make mistakes, it is better to leave work on the roof project to professionals.

Sometimes, to give individuality, designers use not quite ordinary forms of roofs of private houses. Such roofs are usually distinguished by smooth shapes and rounded edges. But such beauty is achieved due to the complexity of the truss structure, which leads to an increase in its weight.

Roof projects of private houses - photo:

For those who decide to create a roof project on their own, below is a video tutorial on creating a roof project in the architectural program ArchiCAD:

When designing a roof on your own, you need to know how it works, what it consists of and what materials are best to use. This is very important, because without knowing the name of this or that element, and without understanding what it is for, it will be impossible to make the project correctly.

The main structural elements of the roofs of private houses:

roof. This is the outer part of the roof, its covering, which performs the function of protecting the entire structure of the house from various natural phenomena, such as rain, snow, etc.;
crate. Part of the roof structure on which the insulation and roofing are attached. The crate itself is attached to the rafters;
ridge run. The top of the entire truss structure in the form of a beam to which the rafters are attached;
rafters. This structural element performs the functions of stiffeners for the entire roof. Rafters are placed at an angle and can be hanging and layered. The basis for the hanging rafters are only two extreme supports, often these are walls. Such rafters work in compression and bending. Most often, hanging rafters are used for mansard roofs. The rafters are supported by two extreme points of support and, in addition, by several internal ones (walls or support beams). Laminated rafters work only for bending.

Important! In houses with several spans, hanging and layered rafters can alternate in the truss structure. In places where there are no intermediate supports, hanging rafters are used, and where there are supports, layered ones.

Mauerlat. These are special beams laid around the perimeter on top of the walls. The entire truss structure is supported by Mauerlats and connected to them. Mauerlat is laid flush with the wall and carefully waterproofed from the side of the wall.
diagonal ties. To give the entire structure rigidity, the rafters are connected to the power plates and longitudinal beams using diagonal ties, they are also called braces.
internal supports. Since the roof has a fairly large weight, vertical internal supports are used to evenly distribute its load on the structure of the house and give additional rigidity. These beams connect the truss structure and the longitudinal beams.

The entire roof structure is connected to the walls of the house with the help of special studs (ruffs). Also, supporting niches can be cut out under the rafters and connected with 6 mm steel wire.

For the truss structure of the roof of a private house, wood is most often used. Of course, metal structures are also created, but wood is the most common due to its lower price and availability. Depending on the structure itself, the pitch of the rafters and the calculated loads for the truss structure, a bar with a section from 40x150 mm to 100x250 mm is used. More detailed information is presented in the table:

Table number 1. Characteristics of materials for the roof of a private house

The cross section of the rafters also depends on their length. Table No. 2 shows the relationship between the length of the rafters and their cross section.

Table number 2. Sections of rafter legs

The slope of the roof also depends on the type of roof. Table 3 presents the necessary data.

Table number 3. Technical characteristics of roofs

When creating a roof project, remember the following basic rules:

The calculated load of snow on the roof structure with a slope of less than 60 degrees should be at least 180 kg / m2, and in some cases 400 - 500 kg / m2. If the angle of inclination is more than 60 degrees, the load is not taken into account.
The calculated wind load is 35 kg/m2. With a rafter slope of more than 30 degrees, it is necessary to make an additional correction for an increase in load.
When designing, two important parameters must be taken into account: strength and deformation.
To strengthen the structure, you can use metal elements. In this case, to protect wooden elements from condensation, moisture and decay, they must be treated with a special compound.

The requirements for the roof structure can be found in more detail in the document SNiP "Loads and Impacts".

How to build a roof of a private house

By creating a project and purchasing everything necessary materials, you can proceed to the construction of the roof truss structure. As noted earlier, this type of work will require 3 - 4 partners. The construction of the roof of a private house begins with the manufacture necessary elements designs. Then we proceed to the installation:

First of all, Mauerlats are laid and fixed on the longitudinal load-bearing walls. We fix them to the walls with anchor bolts. If provided by the project, we cut through the supporting niches in the Mauerlats.
To simplify the construction of rafters, it is necessary to make a template. We take two boards, connect their ends with one nail. We install the free edges of the boards on the Mauerlats. By spreading the ends to the sides, we select the desired angle of inclination and, using the transverse crossbar, fix the boards in this position. Do not forget to make sure that the skate is strictly in the center of the building. To do this, we use a plumb line.
Now the resulting template can be applied to the rafter beams and cut them at the required angle.
After the first rafters have been cut out, we connect them and fix them at the intersection with 3 nails or bolts.
We raise the connected rafters up and put them in place, after which we make the following ones.
We install the second rafters at the end of the building and fix them.
Now we take the cord and pull it between the installed rafters, while making sure that the stretched cord is strictly horizontal. If necessary, we lower one of the installed rafters a little.
We make the rest of the rafters and install them along a stretched cord with a step specified in the project.
To strengthen and increase the stability of the structure, we install and fix the support posts and diagonal ties.

Important! Nails are usually used to fasten and fix all structural elements. But today on the market you can also find stamped metal parts that somewhat simplify the process of erecting a truss structure.

How to insulate the roof of a private house

Having completed the construction of the truss structure, you can proceed to the insulation of the roof. These works are carried out immediately before laying the roof. But all calculations and the choice of materials for the insulation of the roof of a private house are carried out at the design stage. Roof insulation is important for several reasons. Firstly, it protects the entire structure from large temperature fluctuations, which affects the durability of the materials used. Secondly, with proper thermal insulation, the dew point moves closer to the outer edge of the roof, and thus a favorable and comfortable microclimate is formed in the house.

When choosing materials for thermal insulation of the roof, you should focus on the following characteristics:

resistance to temperature fluctuations;
moisture resistance;
low coefficient of thermal conductivity;
environmentally clean materials that do not emit harmful substances;
low flammability;
material density is not more than 250 kg/m3.

There are many different types on the market today thermal insulation materials. Among them, the most popular mineral wool, but experts recommend paying attention to another material - foamed glass. Any of these materials will be the right choice.

In order for the thermal insulation of the roof to be of high quality, it is necessary to do the following:

With inside rafters, we lay the vapor barrier and fix it to the rafters with brackets. Let the sheets of vapor barrier material overlap each other and glue them with adhesive tape. We make sure that the vapor barrier material tightly fits all the rafters.
Now, on the rafters with a step of 50 cm, we fill wooden planks, which will hold the thermal insulation on them.
We carefully cut the thermal insulation so that it lies right next to the rafters and does not leave gaps, and put it in place.
To provide reliable protection thermal insulation from moisture, from the outside of the rafters we lay a layer of waterproofing. On top we fill the laths of the crate, on which the roof will subsequently be laid. These strips also act as fasteners for waterproofing. It remains to lay the roofing materials, and the roof for a country house is ready.

How to cover the roof of a private house

The market offers a variety of roofing materials, and making the right choice is sometimes quite difficult. To facilitate this task, you must be guided by the following parameters:

roofing weight. It should be no more than 250 kg / m2.
Durability. It's simple, the longer the better.
Fire resistance. Non-combustible material will be more preferable.
Environmental friendliness. The internal microclimate of the house will depend on how clean and natural the roofing material is.
Ease of installation. The easier and easier it is to lay the roofing material, the less time will be spent and the easier it will be to repair the roof.
aesthetic appeal.

Today, metal, ceramic and cement-sand tiles are very popular. These roofing materials, combined with good sound and heat insulation and durable roof structure will create a reliable roof. As for ordinary slate, it is still one of the most used roofing materials, but due to its non-environmental friendliness, slate is gradually losing popularity. Separately, I would like to highlight bitumen and polymer-bitumen materials. They belong to the class of soft roofing materials, and the price makes them affordable for everyone. Unfortunately, the level of their flammability is poor, but subject to all fire regulations they can be a reliable roof. For those who are not constrained by funds, experts recommend turning their attention to shale materials. This type of roofing has been known for a very long time, and today it is becoming even more popular due to its natural origin, durability, non-combustibility and very high attractiveness.