Rules for the use of no and no. Particle spelling NOT with different parts of speech, NOT and NI
XIII Non-impacting particles HE and NI
§ 48. Spelling must be distinguished unimpacted particles not And neither . These particles differ in meaning and use.
1. Particle not used for negation, for example: I didn't talk about it. I didn't talk about it. I didn't talk about that.
It is necessary to pay attention to individual cases of the use of this particle:
a) In the presence of a negative particle not both in the first and in the second part of the compound verbal predicate the sentence takes on an affirmative meaning, for example: I can't help but mention...(i.e. "must mention"), can't help but admit...(i.e. "need to confess").
b) In interrogative and exclamatory sentences, the particle not adjoins pronouns, adverbs and particles, forming combinations with them: how notwho is notwho just notwhere not, where only not,than notwhat not, what not etc.; interrogative sentences with a combination not – whether , for example: Well, how not to please your own little man!(Griboyedov). Who hasn't cursed the stationmasters, who hasn't scolded them?(Pushkin). Why are you not great?(Pushkin). Where has he been! What did he just not see! Why not work! Sprayed the light; don't you want to get married?(Griboyedov). Would you like some senza?(Krylov).
c) in conjunction with the union till particle not used in subordinate clauses time, denoting the limit up to which the action lasts, expressed by the predicate main clause, for example: Stay here until I come.
d) Particle not included in stable combinations: almost, almost, hardly, denoting the assumption, far from, not at all, not at all, not at all, not at all denoting reinforced negation, for example: perhaps the best shooter, almost at five o'clock in the morning, by no means a fair decision, not at all a bad product, far from a reliable means.
e) Particle not is part of the coordinating unions: not that; not that - not that; not only - but; not that not - but; not that not - but, for example: Give me the ring and go; otherwise I will do something with you that you do not expect(Pushkin). Upstairs, behind the ceiling, someone is either moaning or laughing(Chekhov). The partisans had not only rifles, but also machine guns.(Stavsky).
2. Particle neither used to reinforce negation, for example: I couldn't get a bone anywhere(Krylov). There was not a single gap in the sky behind(Fadeev). Blizzard never even looked at the questioners(Fadeev). There is not a soul in the village now: everything is in nole(Fadeev).
repeating particle neither takes on the meaning of a union, for example: There was no water or trees to be seen anywhere.(Chekhov). Neither muses, nor labors, nor the joys of leisure - nothing can replace the only friend(Pushkin). But the crowds flee, not noticing either him or his anguish.(Chekhov). I don't know who you are or who he is.(Turgenev).
It is necessary to pay attention to individual cases of the use of the particle neither :
a) Particle neither used before the predicate in subordinate clauses to reinforce the affirmative meaning, for example: Obey him in everything he commands(Pushkin). He could not iambic from chorea, no matter how hard we fought, to distinguish(Pushkin). Wherever I look, thick rye is everywhere(Maikov). Whoever passes, everyone praises(Pushkin).
Particle neither in subordinate clauses of this type, it is adjacent to a relative word or a union, and therefore subordinate clauses begin with combinations: whoeverwhoever,whateverwhatever,no matter how, no matter how,no matter how much, no matter how muchwherever, wherever,wherever, wherever,whatever, whatever,whoever, whoeverwhenever, whenever etc.
These combinations have entered some stable turns: wherever you go, out of nowhere, by all means etc.
b) Particle neither occurs in stable combinations that have the meaning of a categorical command, for example: not from a place, not a step further, not a word etc.
c) Particle neither included in negative pronouns: none, no one (no one) etc.; nothing, nothing (nothing) etc.; none, none (none) etc.; no one, no one (no one's) etc. and adverbs: never, nowhere, nowhere, nowhere, not at all, not at all, not at all, as well as in the composition of the particle someday .
Is written neither in stable combinations that include pronouns, for example: left with nothing, left with nothing, disappeared for nothing.
d) Double neither is included in stable turns, which are a combination of two opposing concepts, for example: neither alive nor dead; neither this nor that; neither fish nor fowl; neither give nor take; neither peahen nor raven etc.
Spelling of adverbs and particles.
86. Particles something (something), something, something, something, something are attached to the word with a dash (hyphen): someone, something, somewhere, let's go.
Note. If the particle something (something) separated from the pronoun by a preposition, then the dash is not put: with someone, with something(cf.: someone, something).
Particle still spelled with a dash in words anyway, anyway and when it follows the verb: found out. In other cases, the particle still written separately:
1)I still don't believe him;
2)Still, we don't give up.
Particles not And neither.
87. Particle not written together with words that are not used without it: not report, not knowledge, not avoidable, not bearable, not shaken, not victorious(by no one) not fading, not annoy, not maybe not really, not lzya etc.
88. Not written together with nouns, adjectives and adverbs in -about if the noun, adjective or adverb with not means one concept; in this case, it does not give the speech a negative meaning and could be replaced by a single-meaning word without negation, for example: not happiness(trouble) not Buddy(enemy), not truth(False), not tall(short), not expensive(cheap).
89. Not is written separately from nouns, adjectives, and adverbs when the opposition follows or is implied.
Examples. This not truth. but a lie. makes him tired not learning, but idleness truth, but what?", "not learning, and what?" Not high mountains we are separated by rather low hills. Not the right one is punished, and the guilty one. He is still not old. An Apple not tasty but disgusting. In these cases, you can always ask: "do not high, but which ones?", "not right, but which one?", "not tasty, but what is it?" (Compare: The apple is green and not tasty.) He entered not carefully but recklessly("not carefully, but as?"). He not He knows a lot(he does not know much, but knows little) ("not many, but how much?") [Compare: He is used to doing everything quickly, extremely not carefully. He not He knows a lot(knows something)].
Note 1. There are two cases to pay attention to. separate writing particles not: 1) if with an adjective, noun or adverb (in -about ), which include negation not , there are explanatory words to strengthen the negation, expressed by negative pronouns or adverbs with neither (nothing , to nothing , not at all , not at all , nowhere etc.), then the particle not written separately: nothing not wonderful village; neither for what not capable person ; neither in what sense not success; neither to what extent not successfully; 2) if the particle not is part of amplifying negative combinations: long away not , by no means not , at all not , then these combinations are always written separately from the word following them (in such cases, opposition is always implied): long away not profitable enterprise , by no means not fair decision, at all not stupid, at all not poorly, long away not friend etc.
On the contrary, in the presence of words denoting the degree: very, quite, extremely, extremely, completely, almost, somewhat- particle not spelled succinctly: deal very not profitable(unprofitable), it's almost not politeness(coarseness), very not interesting(boring) story, acted to the highest degree not carefully(recklessly) this is extremely not profitable(unprofitable).
Separate and hyphenation particles
1. Particles would (b ), whether (eh ), same (well ) are written separately, except when they are part of whole words (so that, really, even, etc.).
2. Particles -then , -or , someday , something (koi- ), still , -ka , -de , -tka written with a hyphen.
Particle something (koi- ), separated from the pronoun by a preposition, is written separately ( with someone).
Particle still written with a hyphen only after adverbs ( again) and verbs ( did take), in other cases - separately ( he did not come; built a cottage for himself). The combination is still written in three words.
Particles as if, after all, they say and others, as well as combinations almost, just now etc. are written separately.
Particle spelling NOT and NI
There are two particles different in meaning and use - not And neither . Compare the cases when they are stressed: He is not? was at school today. Whoever he is? was, you need to talk to him. But in most cases the particles not And neither unstressed and indistinguishable in pronunciation. To choose the correct spelling, it is necessary to determine which particular particle is used in a particular case.
The main function of the particle is not - negation. The negative particle can refer to any independent word in a sentence, for example: He didn't buy the book. He didn't buy the book. He didn't buy a book. He didn't buy this book. He didn't buy this book in a store. He didn't buy this book today.
The main function of the particle ni is to reinforce negation. Therefore, it is used in sentences with a negative predicate, that is, a predicate that includes a particle not or expressed words can't, no. Particle neither can be single and repetitive (as part of a union no no).
1. Single particle neither comes before words one and (less often) single, which can be implied, for example: For several days he did not see a single person. They did not stop at any of these decisions. He doesn't need any of those books. He didn't say a single word all day. He didn't say a single word in response.(In the last two cases, the words one, one may be omitted.) He didn't make a sound. They didn't meet a soul.(In these sentences, you can substitute the words one, one.)
Negative predicate No in sentences with a single particle neither can be omitted, for example: There are no trees near the house. There is not a soul in the house. We don't have a piece of paper.
2. Repeating particle neither (as part of the union no no) matches the repeated conjunction And affirmative sentence, for example: They received no newspapers, no magazines, no books.(Compare: They received newspapers, magazines, and books.) Neither brother, nor sister, nor parents corresponded with him.(Compare: His brother, sister, and parents corresponded with him.)
Negative predicate in sentences with a repeated conjunction no no can be expressed in words can't, no, for example: He cannot read or write. Not in a boat, not in a cart / Can't get here(Ahm.). There are no berries, no mushrooms, no flowers in this barren forest.
Predicates No you can not may be missing, for example: No fire, no black hut, / Wilderness and snow ...(P.). No rustle, no sound, no movement(Inb.). The conditions turned out to be terrible: no bathing, no laundry, not even hot tea to drink.
Distinguish combinations:
never (never) - not once (often),
none (no one) - not one (many).
Remember: 1) Not - never, not - many times. (I have never been to Crimea. - No matter how many times I visit the Crimea, I admire it all the time, as for the first time).
2) The particle neither can be replaced by the union and or omitted. For example: No matter how much you say or insist - to no avail(and spoke and insisted). - Everywhere you look, there are forests of new buildings everywhere.(Wherever you look...).
There are special designs with particles not and neither.
1. Construction with a verb be able and double negation should be distinguished from the construction with the verb be able with previous not and repetitive amplifying neither .
Compare pairwise examples: 1) He cannot work. He can neither work nor rest. 2) He cannot but read, he cannot but write, he cannot but listen to music. He can neither read, nor write, nor listen to music. The first sentence of each pair states that the corresponding action is being taken; in every second, the impossibility of performing these actions is stated.
2. And a particle not , and particle neither can be included in constructions with pronominal words who what(in different cases) how, where, where, from where etc.
a) Constructions with a particle not are included in exclamatory or interrogative? exclamatory sentences, in which the particle is often present only, for example: Who didn't know this man! What did not delight him at this unusual exhibition! Who doesn't know this house? Why does my dormant mind not enter then?(Hold.). How not to love your native Moscow!(Bar.). Wherever he had to be! Where did he go!
Such sentences, negative in form, always contain an affirmation in content. ( Who didn't know this man! means ‘everyone knew this person’; Wherever he had to be! means ‘he had to go everywhere’).
b) Constructions with pronominal words and a particle neither (often with a preceding particle would) are always part of concessive subordinate clauses, for example: Whoever dies, I'm the secret killer of all(P.). It's a pity, but it will have to be abandoned. Whatever happens, you must remain calm. No one asked, no one knows. Whatever the child amuses, if only she does not cry(last). Whatever the answer, it's better than complete uncertainty. He could not iambic from chorea, no matter how hard we fought, to distinguish(P.). Wherever he worked, he was appreciated everywhere. Wherever I look, there is thick rye everywhere!(Mike.). Whenever they come to him, he is always busy. No matter how much you look for the culprit in this case, you still will not find it.
3. Designs none other, like nothing but, in which who And what can stand in oblique cases without prepositions and with prepositions ( none other than; nothing but; none other than; with nothing but etc.), should be distinguished from constructions that include pronouns none And nothing(also in different cases without prepositions and with prepositions).
Compare pairwise the following examples: 1) This is none other than his own brother. “No one but his own brother can know this. 2) This is nothing but the most brazen deception. Nothing else interests him. 3) He met with none other than the President of the country. - He does not agree to meet with anyone other than the president. 4) He agreed to nothing less than to direct the entire work. - Nothing but leadership position he won't agree. In each pair, the first sentence is affirmative, the second is negative.
4. And a particle not , and particle neither are part of a number of stable combinations.
a) Particle not can be part of complex unions: until; not that; not that… not that; not only but; not that (not) ...; not (not so) to…. For example: Wait until the transmission ends. Stop it or I'll scream! The weather is bad: it's either raining or snowing. He is not only a poet, but also a composer. Relations between them are not only not friendly, but hostile. He is not only ten minutes, but an hour late. He is not that rude, but somewhat quick-tempered. She is not so evil, but indifferent.
Particle not is a part of combinations close in meaning to particles: not at all, hardly not, far from, almost, almost, not at all, not at all, not at all, not at all, not at all, almost, almost; no more than, no more than, no more and no less than.
particle not many stable combinations begin, including those that include prepositional constructions of nouns: not so hot (how, what), not god knows (who, what, what And etc. ), not in the arc, not in the spirit, not in the credit, not in harmony, not in harmony, not in measure, not in the rise, not in the example, not in joy, not in oneself, not in the power, not in the account, not a sin , God forbid, not to fat, not to laughter, not to that, not to good, not to the person, not to the place, not to the court, not to haste, not in jest, not to the address; not by days, but by hours; beyond the power, too tough, not to the liking, not at ease, not exactly the hour, not out of hand, it was not there, out of work, not like and etc.
b) Particle neither is an integral part many stable combinations.
Combinations that are subordinate clauses in form: no matter what, no matter how you twist it, no matter how you throw it, no matter how you twist it, wherever you throw it, wherever it goes, out of nowhere, whatever you say.
Combinations with initial single neither : no basics, no belmes, no my God, no boom-boom, neither in life, nor in life, nor in the tooth (foot), not in any, not at all, not in any way, not in one eye, not so much, not in anything(put) not a penny, not a gugu, not a penny(perish, perish), not for a sniff of tobacco(perish, perish), not at all, not at all, not a drop, not a penny, not a spear, not a crumb, not to anything, not to hell (no good), not a hair, not a penny,(who, what, what) not a single thing, not an iota, not for a minute, not a step, not a foot, not under any circumstances, nothing to do with it, not a word, not a span, not from a place, not with anything(stay), not a fig, not a damn thing, not a step(exclamation), not a damn thing.
Combinations with repeating neither : neither be nor me, nor more nor less, neither back nor forth, neither think nor think, neither mother nor father, nor warehouse nor harmony, neither yes nor no, neither give nor take, neither two nor one and a half, neither bottom nor tire, neither day nor night, neither soul nor body, neither hot nor cold, neither alive nor dead, for nothing, no skin, no mugs, no stake, no yard, no end, no edge, no village neither to the city, nor a spoon nor a bowl, neither less nor more, nor more nor less, neither mooing nor calving, neither ours nor yours, no answer, no hello, no rest, no time, no pava, no crow, no pass, no drive, no no fluff, no feather, no fish, no meat, no matchmaker, no brother, no light, no dawn, neither myself nor people, nor warehouse, nor harmony, nor hearing, nor spirit, nor sleep, nor spirit, to come, sit down, for no reason at all, no shame, no conscience, neither this nor that, neither here nor there, neither this nor that, neither this nor that, neither this nor that, neither whoa nor well, neither here nor there, neither subtract nor add, neither mind nor heart, neither ear nor snout, neither cold nor hot, neither shaky nor roll; more detailed combinations of the same structure: not a candle to God, not a poker to hell, not in the city of Bogdan, not in the village of Selifan, not in a fairy tale to say, not to describe with a pen.
Particle not written together with words that are not used without it:
not report, not knowledge, not inevitability, not bearable, not shaken, not defeated (by no one), not fading, not annoy, not love, not maybe not really, not lzya etc.
Not written together with nouns, adjectives and adverbs in -about if the noun, adjective or adverb with not means one concept; in this case there is no negation and the word with the prefix not- may be usually replaced unambiguous word without not, for example:
not happiness (trouble) not friend (enemy) not true False), not high Low), not expensive (cheap).
Not spelled separately from nouns, adjectives and adverbs, when the opposition goes on or is implied.
Examples. This not P true, but false. makes him tired not at Cheney, but idleness.
In these cases, you can always ask: “not true, but what? »; “Not teaching, but what? ".
Not in high mountains separate us, and low hills. Not P the right is punished, and the guilty. He is still not from tary. An Apple not in ugly but disgusting.
In these cases, you can always ask: “not high, but which ones? »; “not right, but what? »; “It’s not tasty, but what is it? ".
(Wed: The apple is green and tasteless.) He did not act cautiously, but recklessly (“not carefully, but how?”). He does not know much (he does not know much, but knows little) (“not much, but how much?”).
[Wed: He was used to doing everything quickly, extremely carelessly. He knows a little (knows something).]
if with an adjective, noun or adverb (in -about), which include negation not, there are explanatory words to strengthen the negation, expressed by negative pronouns or adverbs with neither (nothing, nothing, not at all, not at all, nowhere etc.), then the particle not written separately:
nothing not wonderful village; to nothing not capable person; in no sense not success; in no way not successfully;if particle not is part of amplifying negative combinations far from, far from, not at all, then these combinations are always written separately from the word following them (in such cases, opposition is always implied): long away not profitable business, by no means not fair decision at all not stupid at all not bad, far not friend etc.
On the contrary, in the presence of words denoting the degree: very, quite, extremely, extremely, completely, almost, somewhat- particle not spelled together:
deal very not in profitable (unprofitable), it is almost not in politeness (rudeness), very not And interesting (boring), this is extremely not in profitable (unprofitable).
Note 1. Attention should be paid to two cases of separate writing of the particle not:
Note 2. Particle not spelled separately from short adjectives that are not used in full form or have a different meaning in full form:
not glad, not much, not must, not ready etc.
Note 3. Particle not spelled separately from adverbs that are not formed from adjectives and are used as predicates in impersonal sentences:
not necessary, not it's a pity, not it's time and etc.
Not written separately from verbs and participles: not read, not was, not enough not smiling.
Not it is written together with full participles, if they do not have opposition or explanatory words: not h sown field, not h finished work.
Not with full participles is written separately in the following cases:
if the sacrament has dependent words:
not h a field sown with peasants; not h my completed work.
FROM short participles not spelled apart: Work not h finished, Field not h aseyanno.
Neither used in sentences where already there is a denial (no, no, you can't) to reinforce this negation. He didn't give me neither about the bottom of the book. Not neither h asterisks in the sky.
Note 1. A negative predicate can be implied:
in a bucket neither to apli water.
Note 2. Here do not apply combinations with double negatives, such as not m og not h nat, not l no not in go. In these cases, the sentence takes on an affirmative meaning ( could not know = knew), (cannot be seen = must be seen).
Neither used before the predicate in subordinate clauses to enhance positive value, not for negation: Where neither look everywhere is boiling creative work (= everywhere you look).
This usually happens with pronouns and adverbs: whoever, whatever, whenever, wherever, from wherever, whatever, no matter how much, no matter how etc.
exclamation phrases with words not just(less often without a word only): What does he only not in idal! Where is he not b yval! Why is he not d elal!;
adverbs of tense with the word till (meanwhile) and particle not: Stay in the room while not P read. Work for now not P call.
Note. The following should be distinguished from these revolutions:
Neither spelled in separate terms:
neither R fish neither m I'm with; neither well willows neither m dead; without leprosy neither on the hour; where neither in get on; neither from places; neither w agu away; neither then
neither sho; neither from thief neither from eat; neither d ears; neither h gi is not visible; neither P Ava neither in orona; neither from wet neither h arya; neither at what (remained); neither from than (remained).
76. Spelling particles NOT with different parts speech, NOT and NO.
1. Written separately:
- particles would (b), same (g), whether (l) (would read, went, the same),
- particles here, after all, they say, as if, etc. (He is supposedly not; local. You know that!);
2. They are written with a hyphen:
- particles something, some, something, either-, -something, -ka, -de, -s, -tka, -tko, -the same (yes, somebody, give it, he-de, enough),
Particle spelling NOT with different parts of speech
| Part of speech |
apart |
|
| 1. if it is not used without (ignorant, adversity), |
1. if there is or is implied opposition; not a friend, but an enemy), |
|
| 1. if the bases are not used (sloppy, nondescript). |
1. if there is or is implied opposition with the union a (not big, small), |
|
| with indefinite and negative pronouns without prepositions (several, no one, something) |
always written separately (not three, not the seventh) |
|
| pronoun | with other categories of pronouns (not in my class, not on our floor) | |
| if without not not used (to hate, to be perplexed) |
with all other verbs (not to know, to cry |
|
| if without not not used (hating, perplexed) |
with all the other participles (not knowing, on crying) |
|
| participle |
| communion |
if full participles do not have dependent words with them (non-come student) |
one . if full participles have dependent words (a student who did not come on time), |
| one . if without is not used (absurdly, carelessly), |
1. adverbs in -o, -e, if there is or is meant to be an opposition (not funny, but sad), |
Tasks and tests on the topic "Spelling particles NOT with different parts of speech, NOT and NOR."
- Particle as a service part of speech - Particle Grade 7
- Particles - Morphology. Service parts of speech Grade 10
Lessons: 1 Assignments: 9 Tests: 1
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