Consumption and output of energy-saving lamps. Energy-saving lamps

Until recently, energy-saving devices were not widely used in a room, as they were made in the form of tubes of different lengths. It was difficult for a simple user to install or change such models, compared to a conventional incandescent lamp. To date, this is an improved device for a fluorescent light device. Let us consider in detail what energy-saving lamps are (the types and price will help you figure out the choice for your room).

Read in the article:

Categories of lighting fixtures, types of plinths

Models are found in 2 types:

• LED.
• luminescent.

If we talk about light output, then LED designs have much more.

Types of LED lamps and applications

LED (light-emitting diode) is a visually ordinary bulb with a semiconductor crystal. The range depends on the chemical semiconductor composition. In modern technology, this is a new solution.

Classification:

1. Plinth type.
2. Application area.
3. The type of LED used.

Consider LED models by application.

street lighting

Widely used in the illumination of large swimming pools, public buildings, pedestrians and other public places.

Various decoration methods using smart RGB lighting fixtures are also widely used.

LED for home and office use

This type can completely replace all categories of previously used models: conventional incandescent lamps; fluorescent and halogen.

Visually, they are no different from their predecessors and have a similar base.

LED spotlights

This model was defined in a separate class. Until now, quartz light fluxes have been used in spotlights.

According to the technical characteristics and the difference in photometry, it is impossible to directly replace quartz lamps with LED models. Therefore, spotlights are designed specifically for the LED light source.

LED in industry

This direction is widely used in factories, warehouses and industries.

Distinctive features: ideal luminous flux; highest power and protection IP rating.

Models designed for growing plants

Note! In such models, the possibility of programming is sometimes used.

How are plinths classified?

The base is the part of the lighting fixture that is in contact with the power supply.

Types of socles of energy-saving lamps are divided into two groups:

1. Screw, marked with the symbol "E".
2. Pin "G".

Let us consider in more detail in the table how the plinths are classified:

Types of plinth	Description
E27 Plain classical model with thread	Plinth suitable for chandeliers and lamps
E14, this is E27, only with a smaller thread	Used in modern lighting fixtures. Models "candle", "minion" are produced with a plinth
GU5.3, similar to the base model of halogen	Such devices are used in LED lamps, and do not provide for design changes.
GU10	The model can be found in the kitchen area, where the hood and lighting are used.
G4 base with two wires	Used in small light bulbs
G9 (male)	The base is the most convenient when installing or replacing the flask

Energy-saving lamps and LED: comparison with predecessors

In order to get the full amount of information about each model, you need to visually familiarize yourself with the performance characteristics and make a comparison.

Note! In order for the comparison to occur with maximum accuracy, we determine the level of the luminous flux of the room (800 Lm).

This is about the usual 75 watt incandescent model. Now let's give an example with 4 devices, with the same level of illumination.

Energy-saving lamp comparison table: technical characteristics of incandescent, halogen and fluorescent appliances:

Types / names	Degree of heating	Flux of light, lm	Power, W	Payment for the year / rub (20 devices)
Incandescent lighting fixture	strong heating	600-700	75	11000
Compact fluorescent lamp, energy-saving model	Medium heat	600-700	15	2200
LED	Doesn't get hot or break	800	10	1450
Halogen	Gets hot, very brittle	700	45	6600

Based on the data in the table, we can summarize that the leading place is occupied.

Power consumption

It can be seen from the data that for different types of lamps, with the same illumination, the luminous efficiency varies greatly. As for the practical issue, the LED lighting device consumes almost 8 times less energy, which affects the costs for.

Note! A fluorescent lamp, for all its economy, is still less economical.

Saving

Let's do a little calculation:

1. The price of one kW = 3 rubles.
2. We will proceed from the calculation that the lamp burns 8 hours a day.
3. We get 2920 hours per year.

Let's calculate the electricity for the year:

1. Incandescent lamp: 2920 × 75 \u003d 219,000 \u003d 219 kW per hour (219 × 3 \u003d 657 rubles).
2. Fluorescent: 2920 × 15 \u003d 43,800 \u003d 43.8 kW per hour (43.8 × 3 \u003d 131.4 rubles).
3. LED: 2920 × 10 \u003d 29,200 \u003d 29.2 kW per hour (29.2 × 3 \u003d 87.6 rubles).
4. Halogen: 2920 × 45 \u003d 131,400 \u003d 131.4 kW per hour (131.4 × 3 \u003d 394.2 rubles).

Based on the calculations, it can be seen that the LED model allows us to save a significant amount.

Ordinary and energy-saving lamp: power / table

The table shows the indicators without a protective bulb, which reduces the brightness by 20%.

LED, W	Incandescent, W	Flux, lm
3	25	250
5	40	400
8	60	650
14	100	1300
22	150	2100

Are energy-saving lamps harmful to human health (especially for children)?

Ecology is one of the important indicators of the product. In terms of their data, halogen and incandescent lamps are environmentally friendly, their light spectrum is not harmful to human health. But considering the energy they consume, which is just wasted, they got a score of 4 on a five-point scale.

Fluorescent lighting products are rated 3 for several reasons:

1. Energy-saving lamps blink when off, which makes the eyes very tired.
2. The luminous flux is very weak and it is bad for eyesight.
3. Mercury, if the lamp is damaged, can be harmful to health. Urgent disposal of the device will be required.

Note! LED lighting devices received a rating of five, as they have no disadvantage in terms of ecology and harm to the body.

Energy-saving lamps: types and price. Save or not?

In order to understand which model to choose for a particular room and save money, you need to look at the average cost, service life and calculate the total savings.

Now let's calculate the real savings of the LED lamp in relation to its predecessors. The maximum service life, after which the luminous flux begins to decrease significantly, is 3 years, based on 8 hours per day.

Note! This adds up to 8,500 hours of lamp life. During this period, we change 12 incandescent lamps and 2 fluorescent lamps.

Calculate the amount for 3 years:

1. LED - 300 rubles (1 × 300).
2. Luminescent - 300 rubles (2 × 150).
3. Lamp "Ilyich" - 360 rubles (12 × 30).

Then we add the amount of electricity consumed to the cost and multiply by 3 years:

1. LED RUB 562.8
2. Luminescent 694.2 rub.
3. Incandescent 2331 rub.

Attention! If we compare an ordinary lamp with an LED light source, then the 2nd one will allow us to save up to 2000 rubles. for 3 years. And that's just one bulb!

Article

The use of incandescent lamps has long been irrelevant. They were replaced by a new invention, which became very popular even despite the higher cost. These lamps are called energy-saving or simply "housekeeper".

The main feature of such elements is low consumption of electrical energy. It is this property that led to their popularization in all countries of the world. In some states, with the advent of "housekeepers", bans were introduced on the use of incandescent bulbs.

But if the design of an ordinary light bulb is simple and understandable, then energy-saving ones are a mystery to many. This article will help you find out if energy-saving elements are really so useful and economical.

Application area

When energy-saving lamps appeared, they were more often used in office premises. Over time, they began to actively fill the markets and electrical stores. This led to the fact that the cost of "housekeepers" decreased and increased their availability for all categories of the population.

Energy-saving lamps are a great way to save electricity, which rises in price every year.

Having tested energy-saving light bulbs in action, people are convinced of their effectiveness and try to switch only to this type of lighting.

Basically, these lamps are used in residential areas. Less commonly used in cellars, hallways and corridors, as well as to illuminate the territory of a private house at night.

The use of such lamps is also widespread in the housing and communal services sector. On staircases, where ordinary lamps often burn out, it is very convenient to use the “housekeeper”. The service life allows you to use them for a long time. Even if a defect occurs in the device and the lamp burns out before the specified period, it can always be replaced under warranty. Every year more and more apartment sectors are switching to energy-saving types of lighting.

How to choose

Manufacturers produce "housekeepers" with different parameters and quality of the product.

When choosing an energy-saving lamp, pay attention to its size, otherwise it will not fit in a chandelier or lamp.

First, let's choose the optimal form:

• spiral;
• U-shaped;
• semi-spiral.

Lighting and operating modes for all types of lamps are almost the same, the differences are only in the form of their manufacture and cost. Spiral is more expensive due to the complexity of the design.

“Housekeepers” differ in power consumption of electricity. The power range ranges from 3 to 120 watts. It is worth paying attention to this, because the brightness of its glow depends on the power. If it is necessary to illuminate a large room, then high-power lamps are used.

Bulbs are produced with different diameters of socles, which have different applications. Some are designed only for wall lamps, others for ceiling chandeliers and spotlights.

Quality directly depends on the manufacturer. It is not recommended to purchase Chinese lamps at a low cost.

Energy-saving lamps, various in shape and color

The service life also plays an important role in the selection. If the warranty for the lamp is 1 year, then the “housekeeper” has low quality indicators. Normal manufacturers give a guarantee for their products up to three years.

When heading to the electrical store for an energy-saving lamp, it is important to remember the following:

1. The form;
2. Plinth type;
3. Power;
4. Life time;
5. color rendering;
6. Firm manufacturer.

Advantages

What are the advantages of "housekeepers"? These include the following important indicators:

1. High light output properties. "Housekeepers" allow you to emit a luminous flux many times greater than conventional lamps. Profitability also lies in the fact that the maximum consumption of electricity is converted into a luminous flux.
2. Long service life. Medium quality light bulbs can burn continuously for up to 15,000 hours.
3. Variety of color streams. Incandescent lamps do not have the ability to control the color of the glow. "Housekeepers" come in three types of glow: warm, cold and daylight.
4. Minor release of thermal energy. This property suggests that the energy consumed goes precisely to the formation of a luminous flux. Weak heating of the device allows it to be used in floor lamps made of fabrics and plastics. Conventional light bulbs heat up the fabric and may cause a fire.
5. Soft and even distribution of light rays. The light spreads around the room with the same glow.
6. Low power consumption at high lighting rates. Savings can be up to 75% compared to standard incandescent bulbs

“Housekeepers” save the financial resources of users

disadvantages

Along with such quality indicators, energy-saving lamps have their drawbacks. They are as follows:

1. Long time for the maximum luminous flux to occur when the lamp is turned on. This time ranges from 3 seconds and sometimes up to 2 minutes. Especially this phenomenon is often noticed when the “housekeeper” is operated in a cold room.
2. Energy-saving lamps emit rays that are harmful to people suffering from skin diseases. The operation of the light source for such people is not allowed at a distance closer than 30 cm. The higher the power of the lamp, the more ultraviolet they emit.
3. Sensitivity to voltage drops. With a decrease in the voltage of the 220 V network by 10%, they are able to turn off on their own. They do not turn on at a low voltage of 195 V. Lamps must not be used in luminaires with dimmers.
4. Low frost resistance. It is impossible to turn on and operate an energy-saving lamp in cold weather at sub-zero temperatures (-15 and below).
5. The content of harmful substances in the structure: mercury and phosphorus. These substances are not dangerous when glowing, but are dangerous if the lamp breaks. After unsuitability, they require special disposal.
6. Intermittent flickering. This is not normal and indicates a possible failure in the near future.
7. High price. To transfer the entire house to this type of lighting, considerable financial costs will be required.

Mercury vapor hazard

Mercury is a chemical reagent that is one of the most dangerous for humans. Almost all energy-saving lamps have mercury vapor in their design, or rather, inside a glass bulb. Their content is 3-5 mg, which is a lethal dose for humans. During the operation of the lamp, this mercury is absolutely harmless, it is not released from it and does not affect the human body in any way.

If the lamp breaks, then the risk of poisoning a person with mercury vapor increases.

If an energy-saving lamp breaks, you should immediately ventilate the room and dispose of it.

Measures taken in time will not entail any dangerous consequences. It must be properly disposed of. After all, the industry produces millions of energy-saving lamps a day, and there are very few collection points. In this regard, people throw away lamps together with household waste, which is unacceptable and causes enormous damage to the environment!

If in a locality it is not possible to hand over energy-saving light bulbs to a recycling company, then it is better to choose those that do not contain hazardous substances.

A few words about manufacturers

Since the advent of energy-saving lamps, the number of manufacturers of this light source has been growing every day. The most demanded (in terms of price indicators) are products made in China. The cost of high-quality elements is an order of magnitude higher than Chinese ones, but the long service life and high technical parameters pay off the costs.

Among the most popular and high-quality manufacturing companies are the following:

• OSRAM;
• Philips;
• Photon;
• Maxus.

These brands have really excellent technical indicators. Manufacturers give a guarantee for their products up to 3 years. Production bases are located in Germany, Italy and other countries.

Firms producing energy-saving lamps of medium quality:

• Space;
• Navigator;
• Wolta;
• Nakai.

Manufacturers of economy class products (quality level - satisfactory):

• electrum;
• Volta;
• deluxe;
• sunluxe.

Manufacturers of high-quality energy-saving lamps do not use liquid mercury in the manufacture of flasks, but a special type of amalgam alloy. In this alloy, mercury is in a bound state. This allows her, when the flask is broken, not to dissolve in the air, but to remain in a bound state.

Main technical parameters

Energy-saving lamps consist of a base, a bulb and a starting device. Bulbs of lamps are filled with vapors of mercury or inert gas of argon. The white matter on the glass of the flask is the phosphor. It is also used in fluorescent lamps.

The principle of operation of such lamps is based on the supply of high voltage to the flask with vapor. The voltage is increased by means of an installed starting device inside the plastic shell of the lamp.

High voltage causes the continuous movement of electrons. These electrons collide with the mercury atoms and produce an ultraviolet glow inside the bulb. Ultraviolet passes through the phosphor and causes a glow that is perceived by human vision.

The principle of the formation of visible light in energy-saving light bulbs

The main technical parameters of the “housekeepers” include:

• power;
• Colour temperature;
• light output;
• types of plinths.

Power

This is an important indicator when choosing an energy-saving lamp for lighting a room. “Housekeepers”, when consuming low power, are able to emit a luminous flux 80% higher than that of incandescent lamps. can be replaced with an energy-saving one, with a power of 10 watts.

Below is a table of the ratio of the power of incandescent lamps and "housekeepers" with the number of lumens they produce.

Comparison of the power of lamps with the luminous flux emitted by them

Power of the "housekeeper", W	Incandescent lamp power, W	Luminous flux, Lm
5	25	220
8	40	420
12	60	720
20	100	1360
30	150	1900
45	225	2600
65	325	3590
85	425	4875
105	525	5985
120	600	7125

The table shows how much you can save on electricity if you use energy-saving elements.

As mentioned above, energy-saving lamps can emit three different types of glow, depending on the temperature of the radiation:

1. Warm radiation has a glow temperature of 2700 degrees Kelvin. Warm light is suitable for rooms where there is no need for eye strain. Best for bedroom and kitchen.
2. Daylight - 4200K. It will be an excellent solution for lighting children's rooms and living rooms. This glow is closer to natural light.
3. Cold - 6400 degrees Kelvin. For office spaces where long-term eye strain is required, lamps with cold light emission are suitable.

Visualization of the “color temperature” characteristic

If the eyes get tired of the light that the device emits. This is evidence that the color temperature of the lamp was incorrectly selected for this room.

Light output

Luminous efficacy is the ability to propagate a luminous flux, measured in lumens Lm, and directly dependent on the power of the lamp. The more powerful the energy-saving lamp, the faster and more intensively the electrons inside the bulb move, interacting with the atoms. A table characterizing the amount of light flux from power is presented above.

Almost all packages indicate the power and luminous flux of the lamp that it emits.

Types of plinths

In order to avoid the need to replace the cartridges of many lamps and chandeliers, the “housekeepers” are produced with the types of the standard E27 base. The number 27 indicates the diameter of the plinth in mm.

There is also a small base marked as E14, designed for small lamp holders or floor lamps.
Manufacturers have not forgotten about projector cartridges, into which lamps with an E40 base must be screwed.

Energy-saving lamps have characterized themselves on the positive side and have become very popular. Along with negative properties, they still have more positive ones.

Already after the first month of operation, savings in electricity consumption will be noticeable. It remains only to synchronize the utilization of energy-saving lamps with production, and financial savings in the family will be guaranteed.

Video about the device of energy-saving light bulbs

To finally dispel doubts about this type of elements, see the detailed video. It describes in detail and shows the principle of operation, as well as the "opening" of light sources and their detailed analysis.

Energy-saving lamp (CFL) is a modern product for lighting any premises. The main advantage for which the housekeeper has gained immense popularity among the population is its low rate of electricity consumption.

But before you buy this product, the question arises: "How to choose these lamps?". And this is really a problem for the population, because the design of this invention is closed, and almost nothing is known about it.

To understand this issue, consider the main criteria for choosing housekeepers, as well as for which premises they are intended.

Criteria for the quality of housekeepers and the danger of fakes

Having decided to switch to energy-saving types of lighting, you need to opt for a quality product that will last the period specified by the manufacturer. Moreover, the lamp must emit the correct and “useful” light, because lighting primarily affects vision, as well as the general state of human health.

CFLs differ in shape, base size, power, and other parameters

When choosing housekeepers, you should pay attention to the following indicators:

• power;
• plinth type;
• color temperature of radiation;
• the form.

These are the main indicators by which energy-saving lamps are selected. General information about the choice of housekeepers for these indicators is described in the article about.

Unfortunately, the lighting market is filled with low-quality products. Such products are called fakes, and they pose a particular danger to humans for several reasons:

1. "Incorrect" light emission from such a product leads to visual impairment.
2. The increased content of mercury vapor causes a negative impact on human health.
3. Poor production affects the service life, which is much lower than that declared by the manufacturer.
4. The amount of light flux. A large value of the flux leads to the emission of infrared and ultraviolet rays dangerous to humans.

To select a high-quality fluorescent lamp, you should pay attention to the following criteria:

• starting device;
• phosphor quality;
• guarantee period.

Starting device

The starting device is an electronic board through which the filaments of an energy-saving lamp are ignited. The board is the same power supply that converts electrical voltage into a high-frequency pulse.

The structure of an energy-saving lamp with electronic ballast

The board is assembled from electronic parts: diodes, transistors, inductors, thyristors and resistors. They are assembled according to a certain scheme, through which the lamp functions. based on mains voltage stabilization

The housekeeper is a complex lighting product that will not light up without a starting device and will not function. The life of the lamp depends on the quality of the parts and assembly of the board.

It is impossible to determine a well-made board by eye (the design of the CFL is non-separable). To do this, you need to turn it on to the network and observe:

1. A quality starter will ignite the lamp bulb within 1-2 seconds.
2. When it is lit, the luminous flux will increase until it reaches the peak value of the glow.

It is forbidden to attempt to disassemble the lamp to determine its workmanship or carry out repair measures.

Phosphor quality

The second element of the lamp design, without which its luminescence is impossible, is called a flask. This is a glass structure of various shapes, which is filled with a phosphor from the inside. A phosphor is a powdery substance that emits light. White coating on the walls of the lamp bulb is a phosphor.

When the lamp is turned on, the electrons interact with the atoms of the gases contained inside the bulb. This effect is so active that it can release energy. This energy passes through the glass of a lamp with a phosphor, which is converted into a luminous flux.

It is important that the CFL is filled with a quality phosphor content.

A poor-quality chemical reduces the life of the lamp and adversely affects the human visual organs.

A fake, when ignited, will have an inappropriate glow temperature. The color that the lamp will shine is depicted on the product packaging. Therefore, beware of fakes and do not buy the product at promotional or reduced prices - this is 100% fake.

Life time

The service life of the product indicated on the box and the actual life are very different. After all, important factors affecting the lamp life are (in addition to poor-quality production):

1. Operating environment. In a room with high humidity or in the cold, the service life of the housekeeper is much reduced.
2. Number of switches.
3. Mains voltage fluctuations.
4. The number of hand touches to the flask.

Do not touch the lamp bulb. Fat stains from the hands entail burnout of the phosphor.

An energy-saving CFL of high-quality production has an average service life (up to 25 thousand hours). This means that if it is turned on, then it is able to emit a luminous flux for the declared time. But when there is no need for its glow, a person turns it off, and, if necessary, turns it on. And, this phenomenon affects the life of the light bulb.

Comparison with other types of lighting

When comparing the service life of CFLs, it is worth noting an important indicator - this is the cost. It is the decisive argument when choosing a lighting element is the price of the product.

Energy-saving lamps, very susceptible to moisture. A drop of water disables a glowing lamp.

In the kitchen, it is necessary to place lamps with a power of 8 to 15 W, depending on the number of cartridges in the lamp and the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room.

Industrial luminaires have a larger base diameter, unlike domestic or commercial premises. This is an E40 type base, which means its diameter is 40 mm. The power of energy-saving CFLs for industrial premises is in the range of 40 W and above. One lamp of this power is capable of emitting a luminous flux of the order of 1200-1500 lumens.

Reliable manufacturers: names and prices

From the reliability of the production of housekeepers, as is known from the article, many indicators depend:

1. Product quality that is not harmful to health.
2. Long service life that really corresponds to what is indicated on the package.
3. The corresponding value of the goods.

European companies that manufacture light bulbs in compliance with all parameters of standards (ISO 9001) can be attributed to reliable and high-quality manufacturers. Less quality, but popular for sale, include Asian countries, in particular China. In order not to end up falling for the bait of fakes, the table (below) contains a list of the most reliable manufacturers of energy-saving lamps.

Branded boxes with light bulbs always contain complete information about all the properties of the product

Table comparing prices and characteristics of lamps from reliable manufacturers

Manufacturer's name	Lamp power, W	Plinth type	Producing country	Cost, rubles
GE (General Electric)	11	E14	USA	180
GE (General Electric)	15	E27	USA	200
GE (General Electric)	60	E27	USA	1500
Osram	15	E14	Germany	165
Osram	55	E27	Germany	1200
Philips	11	E27	Netherlands	145
Wolta	12	E27	Italy	120
deluxe	15	E27	Russia	130
Eurolamp	20	E27	Germany	125
Maxus	11	Plinth type	Ukraine	170
Eurolamp	80	E27	Germany	1300

Video

This video will tell you how to choose the right energy-saving light bulbs.

Going to the store for a new housekeeper, read the material and make the right choice. And most importantly, remember that a fake will cost about half as much as a quality product. For more confidence about the reliability of the manufacturers mentioned above, you can read the customer reviews on their sales sites.

Energy saving lamps- devices with a huge light output (the ratio between power consumption and luminous flux), the most used now in everyday life, contributing to energy savings. Compared to incandescent bulbs, energy-saving lamps can achieve energy savings and reduce cash costs by up to 85%.

Classification

Luminescent (gas-discharge)

Often, the shape of this type of light source is a curved bulb, allowing it to be installed in smaller housings. Such light bulbs are equipped with a built-in choke.

Their most popular purpose- This is an installation instead of conventional incandescent bulbs.

Most often you can find this type of light bulbs called "energy-saving", this is not entirely correct, since there are many varieties of them.

continuous action

This type of luminaires improves color rendering much better, have lower light output. Their main advantage is continuous spectrum radiation, which has a less detrimental effect on health.

Special color

In addition to white light bulbs, there are the following varieties:

• with colored phosphor;
• with pink phosphor;
• with ultraviolet light;

LED

The main element of this type is the LED, which is used in all spheres of life. A distinctive feature is the use of safe components.

They have a unique housing designed for LED source. A specially designed luminaire is much more reliable and energy efficient.

Table comparing the power consumption of various types of lamps:

Incandescent, W	Luminescent, W	LED, W	Stream of light, Lm
25	4	3	250
40	9	5	400
60	13	8	650
100	20	14	1300
150	30	22	2100

The simplest incandescent bulbs have metal filaments that glow when an electric current is passed. Mostly - thermal energy, not light.

Energy-saving lamps have a slightly different principle: they transmit about 25-30% of the thermal energy, and the rest of the energy is light.

The power of energy-saving sources is in the order of 7 - 300W. The radiation power is much less than conventional incandescent devices, which have an approximate ratio of 1 - 5.

Comparison

Comparison table of energy-saving lamps and incandescent lamps

Designations:

1. Radiation power listed in Watts (W/W). Depending on the power, the brightness of the light source depends, respectively, there is a greater consumption of electricity. The luminous flux, measured in lumens (Lm / Lm), characterizes the light power of the radiation flux.
2. Light output- indicator of the source, showing the level of light production by each watt of energy. This parameter is measured in Lm/W.
3. illumination- shows the degree of illumination of a particular room, measured in Lux (Lx). This characteristic shows the ratio of a unit of luminous flux to the illumination of a unit area.
4. Color rendering- this parameter indicates the degree of transmission of the color spectrum along with natural.

Marking

The domestic designation of energy-saving light bulbs contains a letter - indicating the type:

• L - ;
• B - white light;
• TB - white with a warm tint;
• D - daytime color;
• C - improved color rendering;
• E - improved environmental performance;

International designation - a digital designation, where the first digit indicates the color rendering index, and the rest indicate the color temperature in hundreds of degrees Kelvin.

Table of characteristics of different types of light sources:

According to the type of socles, energy-saving sources are divided:

• threaded;
• pin;

Designation of plinths:

1. 2D- curved configuration, in the form of a square. The plinth has the shape of a rectangle 60 x 36 mm. Power - 16, 28, 36 watts.
2. G23 It has the shape of a tube folded in half. Power 5 - 14 W.
3. 2G7- has similarities with G23, this type works with a ballast. The socket has 4 contacts.
4. G24– the shape is similar to G23, it has the shape of a fourfold folded tube. Output power 10 - 36 W.
5. G53- in the form of a disk, 16-20 mm thick and 73 mm in diameter. The device has a curved shape. The power of this type is about 6 -11 watts.
6. E14, E27, E40- have a screw type "Edison" base. The numerical designation indicates the diameter of the base.

Application area

Fluorescent lamps with bases of various types:

1. Luminaires with 2D base used for decoration, sometimes used for recessed lighting in modern showers.
2. Plinth types G23, 2G7 applicable in wall lamps with special holes.
3. Plinth type G24 Designed for use in industrial and domestic lighting fixtures.
4. Plinths G53 produced in a sealed case, intended for wet rooms, for the installation of stretch and plasterboard ceilings.

Sources equipped with E14, E27, E40 socles are used in household cartridges instead of incandescent lamps. This type of luminescent light source has large dimensions, therefore, replacement is not possible for all sizes of fixtures.

Sources of the continuous spectrum reproduce light that has a beneficial effect on health. Unlike conventional linear spectrum bulbs, they give better color reproduction.

Special colored sources are intended for general lighting, as well as:

1. Having a colored phosphor– for lighting design (art lighting, city lights, inscriptions, signboards).
2. With pink phosphor- are often used in the meat industry to give meat a marketable appearance.
3. ultraviolet light- applicable for lighting in a darkened room, for disinfection (in medical institutions), as a design for entertainment facilities.

Used for domestic, industrial, street lighting. LED sources have an emitter predominantly in one direction, which allows them to be used for directional and local lighting.

In addition to the above points, LED bulbs are widely applicable for lighting museums, art galleries, since there is no ultraviolet component in the light spectrum.

Luminaires are used to control lighting in industrial, office premises, corridors, warehouses, public places, elevators, parking lots, etc.

Advantages and disadvantages

The advantages of luminescent sources include:

1. High light output, the light flux is 5-7 times higher, compared to incandescent lamps, allows you to achieve energy savings - 80-85%.
2. illuminated the entire surface of the flask.
3. Possibility of manufacturing emitters with different properties: color temperature, various colors of ultraviolet.
4. Significantly less heating of the body and flask compared to incandescent bulbs.
5. Longer service life, which does not require constant turning on / off the light.
6. Absence stroboscopic effect, in case of illumination of moving parts of the equipment.

The disadvantages of luminescent sources include:

1. Relatively short term services when used in domestic applications, sometimes this period can be compared with incandescent devices.
2. Regular on/off is not recommended. This type of source is not used in New Year's garlands, medical laboratories, light alarms.
3. With high room humidity a capacitor drops out, which leads to an interruption in the electrical circuit. When used at high temperatures, there is a "reddening" of the spectra of bulbs and a large loss of light output, and with a subsequent increase in temperature - a complete failure. This type is not suitable for rooms with high humidity and unheated.
4. Inability to use in emergency situations, or in the event of an emergency, since there is a minimum voltage that allows it to start.
5. high temperature and inside the structure reduces the reliability of all its electronic elements.
6. Flashing light bulbs off, due to leakage of electric current in the circuit. Flashes and unpleasant sounds can be irritating and can also damage the light source.
7. Mercury, which is also present in used devices, is dangerous if it is damaged.

The benefits of LED bulbs include:

1. Compared to conventional light bulbs- low power consumption, allowing to ensure a service life of up to 20,000 - 60,000 hours.
2. Easy to install.
3. Low temperature a, high strength, and in most cases - small size.
4. Complete environmental safety which contributes to the preservation of the environment.
5. Has no mercury, as well as other toxic and harmful substances.

The disadvantages of LED bulbs include:

1. High price, glowing in only one direction.
2. In inexpensive models high-frequency flicker occurs.
3. Upon failure the lamp is being replaced.
4. Mismatch of most models established standards.
5. Harmfulness cold emission of LEDs compared to other light emitting elements.
6. Decrease brightness due to LED burnout.

Model overview

Energy-saving lamp-spiral SVETOZAR

Price 155 rubles.

Specifications:

• base - E14;
• power - 8 W;
• luminous flux - 380 lm;
• temperature - less than 3000 K;
• supply voltage - 220 V;
• hour resource - 10000 hours;

LED lamp C37 E14 5W 4000K REV FROST

Price 200 rubles.

Specifications:

• base - E14;
• power 5 W;
• power analog incandescent - 40 W;
• supply voltage - 220–240 V;
• temperature 3300 - 5000 K.
• service life - 30000 hours;

The following factors influence the choice of energy-saving light bulbs:

1. Light output of LED sources, compared to fluorescent lamps is higher.
2. Environmental friendliness. The safest of all types of lamps are LEDs, since fluorescent ones contain mercury, which, if the body of the light source is damaged, can pose a threat to others.
3. For LED sources no flicker which contributes to more comfortable work. They have a spectrum of light close to natural when emitted.
4. As for color, then LEDs have better color rendering.

Summing up, we can name the biggest drawback of the LED source - this is its price. But for those who care about their health and the health of their loved ones, this type of light bulbs will pay off in full in the future.

There are many different factors that matter. This article is about how to make the right choice.

Energy saving lamp device

For many years, fluorescent light sources were used along with incandescent lamps. But they had a drawback - large sizes. The development of technology made it possible to make the bulb thinner, bend it in the shape of a “U” or a spiral, and the electromagnetic choke, which consumed reactive power in addition to active power, was made electronic and placed in a conventional base.

energy saving lamp and incandescent lamp

Thus, the size of luminescent devices became comparable to incandescent lamps, and they took their place in lighting equipment.

Main characteristics

The main parameters of energy-saving lamps that affect the choice of the desired light source are:

• plinth type;
• light flow;
• Colour temperature;
• light output;
• color rendering index;
• Term of the work.

Plinth type

The bases used in energy-saving light bulbs are of two types:

Threaded or Edison base. Their marking consists of the letter "E" and a number indicating the diameter. The most common are E14 (e14 minion), E27 (most commonly used) and E40 (changes in high power devices corresponding to old 0.5–1 kW incandescent lamps).

Pin. Designated with the letter "G". The numbers indicate the distance between the pins.

Plinth types

Luminous flux and output

This parameter indicates the amount of light emitted by the bulb in the room. The luminous flux is measured in Lumens (lm or Lm) and is indicated on the packaging.

Luminous flux indicates how many lumens a light source emits per watt of power. For incandescent lamps, it is minimal - 10-15 lm / W, for energy-saving lamps - 50-80 lm / W. The most economical sources are LED. They have a maximum luminous flux - 40-100 lm / W.

ESL luminous flux

Expert opinion

Alexey Bartosh

Ask an expert

With prolonged use, the light output decreases. This is due to the deterioration of the properties of the phosphor, filament or diodes in LED lamps.

light temperature

The subjective perception of illumination is affected not only by the luminous flux emitted by the lamp. The shade of the light matters just as much.

White light is used for lighting, but depending on the preferences of the user, the shade may be different. It differs in light temperature. The most common are:

• 2700 K - warm white, incandescent lamps have such light. Used in living rooms.
• 4100 K - neutral. This type of light source is used in bathrooms, corridors and kitchens of residential buildings and industrial premises.
• 6500 K - cold white. Suitable for the street.

light temperature ESL

Color rendering index

The human eye perceives color best in natural light. Artificial light sources distort color perception.

The color rendering index (Ra or CRI) is an indicator that determines the naturalness of color under artificial lighting.

Its ideal value is 100. The use of fixtures with an index below 80 in residential areas is not recommended, as this distorts real colors.

The color rendering index of fluorescent and energy-saving lamps is 60–98.

Term of the work

Energy-saving light bulb companies, including CFLs, claim a lifespan of 8,000 hours or 8 years, assuming an average run time of 2.5-3 hours a day, including a toilet where the light is switched on sporadically and a living room where it is lit all evening .

Expert opinion

Alexey Bartosh

Specialist in the repair, maintenance of electrical equipment and industrial electronics.

Ask an expert

The service life is badly affected by a large number of starts and poor power quality. All these factors lead to the fact that the service life is less than stated.

Comparison lamps their advantages and disadvantages

Like any electrical appliance, energy-saving lamps have advantages and disadvantages. They are best seen in comparison with incandescent and LED bulbs.

As can be seen from the table, ESLs are more economical, have a longer service life and a variety of light shades compared to incandescent lamps.

However, they require more careful handling (there are mercury vapors inside), consume more electricity and have a shorter life than LED bulbs, which are the most energy efficient light sources.

comparison table

ESL power table

Consumers are often interested in the question of what power CFLs correspond to incandescent bulbs. The table below gives an answer on the correspondence between the power of luminaires of different types.

incandescent

30 W

35 W

40 W

45 W

50 W

55 W

60 W

65 W

75 W

80 W

90 W

100 W

115 W

120 W

130 W

180 W

275 W

energy-saving (luminescent)

6 W

7 W

8 W

9 W

10 W

11 W

12 W

13 W

15 W

16 W

18 W

20 W

23 W

24 W

26 W

36 W

55 W

LED

4 W

5 W

6 W

7 W

8 W

9 W

10 W

11 W

12 W

13 W

15 W

16 W

18 W

20 W

23 W

According to this equivalence table, an ESL with a nominal power of 11 W corresponds to an incandescent lamp of 55 W, 15 W - 75 W, 20 W - 100 W.