See what "precautionary supervision" is in other dictionaries. Preventive sanitary supervision

The department of preventive supervision issues sanitary and epidemiological conclusions based on the results of the inspection and sanitary and epidemiological examination for:

1) materials on the sanitary and epidemiological situation of the site of the proposed development or the object to be reconstructed with a change in the functional profile (purpose);

2) feasibility studies, projects and other normative documentation on maximum allowable emissions and maximum allowable discharges harmful substances and physical factors into the environment, sanitary protection zones;

3) planning projects for the development of settlements, placement, construction and reconstruction of industrial and civil facilities, sanitary protection zones, conditions for water use and disposal Wastewater, recycling and disposal of toxic, radioactive and other harmful substances;

Based on the sanitary and epidemiological expertise, a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion is issued - a document certifying compliance (non-compliance) with SNiPs and SanPiNam in the field of sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population and hygienic standards of project documentation, works and services.

2. Necessary documents for obtaining an opinion on the site of the proposed construction or facility to be reconstructed with a change in functional purpose:

1. The act of choice and agreement land plot for the design and construction of facilities, issued by the city district architecture

2. Protocol laboratory research dosimetric control (for gamma background) SP 2.6.1.758-99 (NRB-99).

3. Inspection of the site with a site visit and drawing up an inspection report

3. Required documents for obtaining an opinion on planning projects for the development of settlements, placement, construction and reconstruction of industrial and civil facilities:

1. Architectural and planning task;

2. Design assignment;

3. General explanatory note;

4. Working drawings.

Sanitary and epidemiological conclusion

issued :

Based on the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated December 4, 2002 No. No. 361 "On the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population" (Article 17, paragraph 2), selection of a land plot for construction.

5. Submission of an application. The application is considered and a conclusion is issued within the time limits established by law.

6. Carrying out laboratory measurements of dosimetric control (for gamma background) SP 2.6.1.758-99 (NRB-99). It is carried out by specialists of the Center for Sanitary and Epidemiological Expertise (up to 15 days).

7. The act of selection and approval of a land plot for the design and construction of facilities, issued by the city district architecture

8. Inspection of the site with a visit to the place

9. Sanitary and epidemiological conclusion, in the form approved by the order of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan. from 08.07.05 No. 332 (within the terms established by the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan)

10. Appeal mechanism: the applicant can appeal the conclusion in the manner prescribed by law to the higher management

Consideration of the feasibility study of construction and preliminary designs. A feasibility study (feasibility study) is a mandatory stage in the design of individual buildings and structures. During the construction of buildings standard projects or projects for the re-use of feasibility studies are not developed. Sometimes, instead of a feasibility study, a preliminary design is created, the difference of which is the simplified composition of the developed sections.

The main purpose of the feasibility study is to determine the final external dimensions of the building, the architectural appearance, the composition and approximate layout of the premises, the possible negative impact of the designed facility on the environment and environment for the facility being designed, assessment of the compliance of existing and calculated technical and economic indicators with the normative ones. Feasibility studies are accepted for consideration in the following composition: transmittal letter, initial permits, decision of authorities executive power, urban planning conclusion, lease agreement or act of reserving a land plot and an explanatory note, architectural and construction part (situation plan, master plan, floor plans, sections and facades), engineering equipment, networks and systems, construction organization, section on environmental protection ( composition, as a rule, depends on the purpose of the object).

For industrial facilities that are sources of adverse environmental impact, pollution calculations are performed atmospheric air, industrial effluents, solid domestic and industrial waste, noise, vibration, electromagnetic fields.

In addition, for production facilities, they present calculations of technological solutions, organization and working conditions of employees, production and enterprise management, plans for engineering and technical measures civil defense and measures for the prevention of emergency situations, budget documentation, calculations of investment efficiency, etc.

The term for consideration of the feasibility study is up to 30 working days, when considered in related departments - no more than 10 days. The conclusion is drawn up in the form No. 303 / y.

The order of consideration of master plans for construction. The master plan is integral part construction organization project (COS), which in turn is part of the construction project (working draft). The master plan is made in the form of a drawing on a scale of 1:500, has an angular (lower right) stamp of the developer organization indicating the name of the object and its address. The plan shows the dimensions of the building and the surrounding buildings, it must be illuminated, that is, all the objects indicated on the plan must be highlighted in color. In addition, it indicates the construction site fencing and the location of the main structures and mechanisms on it (amenity camp, crane, mortar unit, etc.), the main and fire entrances and exits from the construction site, the connection points for temporary and permanent engineering communications. An explanatory note must be attached to the plan indicating the main initial permits for construction: a resolution or order of the executive authorities, an urban planning conclusion (task) agreed with the institutions of the sanitary and epidemiological service, a land lease agreement. In addition, the names of the customer and contractor, as well as the construction investor, must be indicated, brief information about the building under construction.

Currently, two types of master plans are being developed for the construction: a plan for the preparatory period and a plan for the main work. The general plan of the preparatory period includes such works as clearing the territory, demolition of buildings, installation of a fence, summing up temporary communications, the general plan of the main period - digging a foundation pit and carrying out work on the construction of an object.

When agreeing on the master plan of the preparatory period, it is necessary to be guided by the conclusion on the allocation of the land plot. Coordination of the master plan for the main construction work is possible only if there is a positive conclusion on the feasibility study (draft design). The term for consideration of the master plan is up to 10 working days, the conclusion is drawn up in the form No. ZOZ / y. On the drawing of the master plan, a mark is made on the presence of an agreement indicating the number and date of the conclusion.

The procedure for exercising control over construction. Construction control begins with the approval of the master plan and the execution of a pre-sanitary supervision card in the form No. 305/4.

For each object under control, a corresponding file is formed, which must contain copies of all previously given conclusions of the sanitary and epidemiological service institutions on the object, the general plan and copies of its approvals, basic information on the object, inspection materials, etc. The final document of this case is the conclusion on the completed construction of the facility.

Construction control consists of regular inspections, consideration of working documentation, necessary consultations, etc. Before the start of pre-sanitary supervision of a facility under construction, it is advisable to hold a working meeting with the customer and the construction contractor. The main purpose of this meeting is to get acquainted with the main parameters of the facility, the schedule and stages of construction, the list of subcontractors, construction technology, etc. The customer and the construction contractor must be informed about the methods and frequency of the control carried out by the FGUZ. In addition, it is necessary to determine the procedure for coordinating changes made to the design documentation during construction.

One of the main stages of supervision of a facility under construction is the consideration of working documentation. Consideration of the working draft is carried out on the territory of the facility under construction or the construction contractor submits the necessary drawings. The initial review of the working documentation is carried out at the first stage of supervision of the facility under construction. In cases where the development of working documentation is carried out in parallel with construction, it is necessary to obtain a schedule for its development from the construction customer and give an order to submit it in stages in accordance with this schedule.

The list of documentation under consideration is the same as when considering the feasibility study. Consideration of the working documentation should begin with familiarization with the initial permit documentation for construction: a resolution or order of the executive authorities, town planning conclusion (task), a land lease agreement or a reservation act, conclusions on the allocation of a land plot and a feasibility study (sketch project), an explanatory note on a working project. The main task in this case is to get acquainted with the main parameters of the object under construction, to establish the availability of the necessary initial permits and the compliance of the object under construction with the agreed feasibility study.

The main attention should be paid to the consideration of the floor plans of the facility under construction. Plans are made, as a rule, on a scale of 1:100, but other scales can be used. The scale is indicated in the corner stamp (lower right) in the drawings.

The floor plan must contain the name of the premises, their area, the arrangement plumbing equipment, and in some cases - also technological and auxiliary equipment.

Key questions to consider when considering floor plans:

Internal functional zoning premises of the building;

Intersection of technological streams (dirty and clean);

Sufficiency of the areas of individual premises;

Availability of ancillary facilities necessary for carrying out the main activities (cloakrooms, sanitary facilities, buffets or dining room, etc.);

Providing permanent jobs with standard parameters of natural light and insolation;

Ensuring hygiene parameters in the premises with the help of architectural and constructive techniques and engineering equipment, etc.

When considering the section on engineering equipment, heating, ventilation, air conditioning, water supply and sewerage systems are subject to assessment. First of all, you should familiarize yourself with the technical conditions issued by the city operating organizations for providing the facility under construction with water, heat, gas, etc.

Next, you need to consider circuit diagrams engineer: puff networks. Attention should be paid to the provision of all premises with the necessary engineering equipment in accordance with sanitary rules. The explanatory note should contain information about the design parameters of the microclimate in the premises (with these calculations attached). It is necessary to pay attention to the possibility of subsequent sanitization of the proposed engineering support systems during the operation of the building. In case of consideration independent project engineering and technical systems of buildings and structures it is carried out specialized departments with the involvement of related departments.

Based on the results of consideration of the project documentation, a conclusion is prepared in the form No. 303 / y. Comments should be clearly formulated, have links to relevant regulations. The conclusion on the project should reflect the design solutions of hygienic significance, the requirements regulated in sanitary rules and norms, hygienic standards, SNiP, GOSTs and other documents for all sections of the project. The procedure for re-consideration of project documentation, corrected in accordance with the comments, is similar to its initial review.

As mentioned above, there are several stages of construction at which it is recommended to conduct surveys by specialists of the sanitary and epidemiological service: digging a foundation pit, installing a building and engineering equipment, conducting finishing works. At each of these stages, independent tasks are solved.

At the stage of excavation of the pit, the main attention should be paid to two issues: the compliance of the structural landing of the building with the agreed feasibility study and the presence of debris and landfill deposits in the selected soil. In addition, attention should be paid to the additional work on engineering preparation of the construction area provided for by the project (radiological, toxicological and other studies, necessary neutralizing, disinfecting, decontamination and other measures).

At the stage of building installation, attention should be paid to the compliance of the construction parameters of the building under construction with the

feasibility study (project). Most often, the changes relate to the redevelopment of premises during construction, but sometimes they increase the external dimensions of the building.

At the stage of finishing work, attention should be paid to the list finishing materials, areas of their application, availability of certificates (hygienic conclusions).

At all stages of construction supervision, attention should be paid to the working conditions of construction workers, the availability of the necessary sanitary facilities, working conditions, the equipment and technologies used (having agreed certificates and specifications), etc.

When conducting an inspection of an object under construction, a specialist of the sanitary and epidemiological service draws up an act that is signed by a representative of the contractor or customer of construction. When deviations from sanitary requirements are identified, appropriate comments are made in the act and an order is issued to eliminate violations. At the same time, the deadline for their elimination and the responsible executor are indicated. If significant violations of sanitary standards are identified that may further affect human health, the order is issued in the form of a separate letter signed by the chief state sanitary doctor to the customer and construction contractor. In addition, the executive authorities and the prosecutor's office may be notified of the identified violations.

The procedure for exercising supervision during the acceptance into operation of a completed construction facility. Commissioning of completed construction facilities is not allowed without the conclusion of the Rospotrebnadzor institution on compliance with its sanitary standards.

After the completion of construction, during the period of organizing the work of the acceptance committee, the customer informs Rospotrebnadzor in writing (or by telephone). Both individual buildings and structures, as well as individual stages and launch complexes in accordance with the approved project, can be presented for acceptance into operation.

In accordance with the regulatory documents, the customer organizes a working acceptance committee, which informs Rospotrebnadzor and other interested organizations no later than 5 days before the start of its work.

In accordance with the current procedure, a member of the acceptance committee can be either the chief physician (his deputy), or an employee of Rospotrebnadzor, appointed by order to work in this committee with the right to sign.

Specialists included in the working commission check the compliance of the completed construction and installation works, measures for labor protection, environmental protection with design estimates, sanitary norms and rules, consider the acceptance documentation submitted by the customer.

If necessary, institutions in the course of the work of the working commission of the sanitary and epidemiological service have the right to seek advice from research institutes of a hygienic profile, as well as design and technological institutes. Based on the results of the work of the working commission, an act is drawn up on the readiness of the completed construction object (the act of the working commission), which is signed by a representative of Rospotrebnadzor in the absence of comments on the readiness of the accepted object. In case of detection of shortcomings and defects of sanitary and hygienic significance, they must be indicated in the appendix to the act of the working commission. The deed is not signed.

State acceptance commissions accept for operation completed construction facilities in the event that they have eliminated shortcomings and imperfections. When accepting production facilities for operation, state acceptance commissions are appointed no later than 3 months before due date delivery of the object.

If necessary, Rospotrebnadzor conducts control studies on individual hygienic parameters. The term for preparing the conclusion is up to 7 working days, in case of additional research - up to 14.

When preparing a conclusion on an object, the documentation submitted by the customer is checked, confirming the readiness of the object for operation, compliance with its design, current sanitary norms and rules, ensuring conditions for future operation and sanitary and epidemiological well-being, including:

Certificate of compliance of the commissioned capacities with the design ones;

Certificate of elimination of defects identified by the working commission;

The act of the working acceptance committee on the possibility of presenting the object for acceptance by the state acceptance committee;

Project documentation, according to which the construction or reconstruction of a production facility to be put into operation was carried out, the conclusions of expert organizations on this documentation;

Materials of technical tests ventilation systems, installations for the purification of industrial emissions into the atmosphere, lighting installations, thermal curtains, heat-removing and heat-shielding screens, remote control devices for opening and closing transoms, light-aeration lamps, vertical glazing, dust removal and degassing chambers for workwear, water and heat supply systems, sewerage, etc. d.;

Data on the operation of sanitary and sanitary facilities (showers, women's personal hygiene rooms, faucets, etc.), catering points, provision of housing and public buildings;

Certificates of city operating organizations that external external communications of cold and hot water supply, sewerage, heat supply will ensure the normal operation of the enterprise and are accepted by them for service (in cases of joining the enterprise under construction to existing communications);

Acts of acceptance into operation of water pipelines, sewerage, heating, hot water supply, etc.;

Acts on the acceptance of wastewater treatment facilities and gas and dust collection installations for commissioning by specialized commissioning organizations and the compliance of the work performed with the projects;

Materials indicating the implementation of measures to protect against the effects of noise, vibration, dust, harmful substances, industrial radiation of various nature and other harmful factors;

Data from instrumental measurements of noise, vibration, electromagnetic fields, illumination, microclimate, as well as analyzes of the air environment, drinking water and others, carried out by the customer and confirming the hygienic efficiency of the constructed structures and devices.

The act of the state acceptance commission on the acceptance of the completed construction facility for operation is signed, provided that it is fully provided with safe working and living conditions, sanitary regulations and norms, environmental protection measures have been taken.

If at the accepted object defects are revealed that worsen the sanitary and hygienic conditions of work and life, sanitary norms and rules are not observed, environmental measures are not taken, etc., then the chief state sanitary doctor (his deputy) does not sign the act of the state acceptance commission. At the same time, the customer, contractors, and the higher body of state sanitary supervision are promptly informed about the impossibility of signing the act of the state acceptance commission.

The chief state sanitary doctor (his deputy) re-participates in the work of the state acceptance committee only after the contractor notifies him of the elimination of sanitary and hygienic defects noted during acceptance.

Acceptance for operation of facilities, the construction of which was carried out under foreign licenses or on the basis of complex imported equipment, after the relevant testing and testing of the installed equipment carried out with the participation of representatives of foreign companies, is carried out in accordance with Chapter 5 of SNiP 3.01.04-87. At the same time, the acceptance of objects by state acceptance commissions is carried out after the signing by the representatives of the customer of foreign supplier firms of the protocols on the fulfillment by him of the obligations stipulated by the contracts.

An important section of the work of the FGUZ is the acceptance into operation of small facilities approved by the management of the enterprise. These are premises where the layout, process technology, sanitary facilities, etc. have been changed. A full range of hygienic studies are also carried out at such facilities, since only it makes it possible to judge the creation of safe conditions for workers.

Grade technological process, equipment. Development economic activity accompanied by the creation and widespread introduction of new technology and production technology. In this regard, the importance of preventive sanitary supervision at the stages of preliminary examination and approval of new technological solutions, regulatory and technical documentation (NTD), assessment prototypes when they are tested and put into practice.

The hygienic assessment of new technological processes of equipment makes it possible to predict possible adverse effects at the stage of examination and approval of the NTD. Timely elimination of the identified shortcomings makes it possible to ensure the highest hygienic efficiency with the lowest economic costs.

The legal basis for conducting a hygienic examination is the law “On the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population”, “Fundamentals of legislation on health care” and “Fundamentals of labor legislation”. These legislative documents regulate the need to create safe and harmless working conditions, establish the obligatory approval of draft standards and technical specifications for new types of raw materials, industrial products, technological processes, types of equipment, instruments and working tools that can have a harmful effect on workers' health. Methodological basis in the work on the examination of NTD are "Sanitary rules for the organization of technological processes and hygienic requirements for production equipment."

When conducting a hygienic examination of scientific and technical documentation in the form of terms of reference (TOR), technical conditions (TS), technical regulations, special attention should be paid to the following issues:

The completeness and quality of the presentation of the safety standards and requirements contained in the current regulations on hygiene and labor protection;

Ensuring requirements for environmental protection, taking into account the legislation in this area;

Metrological provision of requirements in the field of labor safety.

The first stage of preventive sanitary supervision of scientific and technical documentation is the participation of Rospotrebnadzor in the preparation of technical specifications for a new development. At the same time, the developer organization must submit for examination a draft TOR drawn up in accordance with the requirements of GOST, and materials confirming the validity of the selected sanitary and hygienic indicators. For the hygienist peer review of this document, the following sections are most relevant:

3.1. "Composition of products and requirements for a constructive device." Attention is drawn to the requirements for constituent parts products, as well as protection from harmful production factors (vibration, noise, dust, etc.).

3.2. "Requirements for safety and requirements for the protection of nature." The volume and sufficiency of requirements for ensuring favorable conditions labor from a hygienic point of view, the presented levels of vibration, gas contamination (calculated) and dust content and their compliance with regulatory documents are evaluated.

3.3. "Aesthetic and ergonomic requirements". The presence and sufficiency of ergonomic requirements for the workplace, controls, means of displaying information, etc. are being studied.

The second stage is the participation of a hygienist in the coordination of projects of scientific and technical documentation for new technological processes and equipment (TU, OST). For the approval of TS projects, the developer organization submits the following documents: TS project, acceptance certificate prototype, operational documents (technological passport, operating instructions), agreed and approved technical specifications. When examining TU, the doctor needs to check the following points:

The validity of hygienic and ergonomic indicators of the actual data obtained during acceptance tests;

Compliance with the requirements for ensuring favorable working conditions specified in the sections of the Technical Specifications by the relevant section of the ToR;

Availability in the "Rules of Acceptance" section of the list of controlled hygienic indicators, methods and terms of control.

Consideration and approval of specifications for various objects have their own characteristics. When considering NTD for chemicals (TOR, TU, technological regulations) the doctor must proceed from the requirement to prohibit the use in industry of carcinogens and substances of the 1st and 2nd hazard classes (extremely and highly dangerous), mutagens and allergens in the absence of conditions that ensure labor safety. In the process of examination, the doctor must be provided with information on the purpose of the substances and the conditions for their use, chemical composition, percentage of components and impurities. In this case, it is necessary to find out the possibility of the presence harmful impurities, who do not have technological value and, therefore, not specified in the draft specifications (for example, the presence of arsenic in sulfuric acid).

are of significant importance physiochemical properties substances (boiling point, melting point, ability to hydrolysis, destruction, oxidation, evaporation, sublimation, solubility). The aggregate state of the manufactured product must be assessed taking into account the conditions of its use. If necessary, the doctor has the right to demand a change in the final powder form to granules, tablets, etc.

When considering RTDs for chemicals, special attention should be paid to the completeness of the presentation of the toxicological characteristics (toxicometric parameters, hazard class, nature of biological action, MPC or SHEL in the air working area, atmosphere, water; information on the routes of entry, effects on the skin and mucous membranes, requirements for storage, methods of disposal and disposal of waste, the creation of safe working conditions when obtaining the use of compounds, including collective and individual means protection).

When examining scientific and technical documentation for products (machines, equipment, equipment, etc.), their purpose, scope and conditions of use are taken into account. The section "Technical requirements" should include design solutions that ensure the safety of working conditions and prevent the impact of harmful production factors that may arise during the operation of the equipment. For example, for equipment, during the operation of which it is possible to release harmful substances, the following conditions must be observed: tightness; compliance with the requirements for the design of opening loading and outlet openings; providing ventilation interlocked with the starting device; mechanization and automation of operations in which contact with harmful substances is possible. For equipment that is a source of noise and vibration, measures should be taken to reduce the severity of these factors to standard values (noise and vibration absorption, absorption in sources of formation, along the propagation path, architectural and planning solutions, etc.).

Hygienic assessment of technological processes is also carried out in the process of coordinating construction (reconstruction) projects industrial enterprises. When considering the section "Technological solutions" of the relevant projects, the doctor needs to evaluate following solutions:

Compliance of the technology adopted in the project with modern hygienic requirements (low-waste or waste-free technology, process automation, mechanization of loading and unloading operations, remote control);

Sufficiency of measures aimed at creating safe working conditions and ensuring compliance with sanitary rules (sealing, heat, sound and vibration insulation of equipment, natural and artificial ventilation, shielding, etc.), while the effectiveness of hygiene measures must be confirmed by calculations;

Validity of placement of equipment and jobs in industrial premises, continuity and flow of production processes, the use of HOT in the organization of workplaces, taking into account the working posture, the use of work and rest modes.

When examining issues related to individual production factors (lighting, noise, vibration, etc.), you should refer to the relevant sections of this manual.

Work on preventive sanitary supervision over the introduction of new technological processes, equipment, materials is subject to mandatory accounting. At the end of the examination, conclusions are issued, copies of which are kept in Rospotrebnadzor.

Below is a list of issues to be considered during the hygienic examination terms of reference for the development of equipment.

1. Protocol part:

Name of equipment;

Organization-developer;

Submitted documents.

2. The ascertaining part:

Purpose of equipment;

Possible harmful factors, sources of their formation;

The volume of labor operations and information load, the type of service, the required number and qualifications of personnel;

4. Illustrative material: slide

5. Literature:

13. Izmerov N.F., Kirillov V.F. Labor hygiene. Textbook. Moscow, 2008-.592 p.

14. Hygiene. / Kenesariyev U.I., Toguzbaeva K.K. et al., Textbook Almaty. 2009-668 p.

15. Guide to sanitary examination in the field of occupational health. Under the editorship of d.m.s., prof. Sraubaeva E.N., Belong A.A.-Karaganda, 2008.-562 p.

6.Control questions:

1.What is a warning sanitary supervision?

2. Name the main tasks and stages of the PSN

Lecture 12

1. Topic: Hygienic examination of the project, planning and development of an industrial construction facility.

2.Purpose: Learn the main questions of the topic.

1. Order of consideration of master plans for construction.

2. Order of control over construction.

3. Thesis of the lecture:

approved by order

Acting Minister of Health

Republic of Kazakhstan

The State Labor Inspectorate, represented by authorized employees, can exercise control over compliance with labor laws in all industrial organizations

Supervision during the construction process includes monitoring the compliance of construction with a standard project or an agreed individual project.

First examination spend in moment of laying the foundation. Special attention it is necessary to pay attention to the cleanliness of the soil, the absence of burial residues, the possibility of drainage of the ground flow by a pit dug under the foundation. At the same visit, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the working drawings and check the compliance of the construction and installation works with the designed solutions (type of foundation, material, laying depth, the presence of horizontal and vertical waterproofing).

Second visit carried out when interior finishing, installation of sanitary equipment. Using the working drawings, the sanitary doctor specifies whether there are any deviations from the planning decisions, whether the standard building details and sanitary equipment correspond to the working drawings. During this visit, special attention should be paid to the quality of work performed that is not accessible to inspection in built buildings (thermal insulation, checking the arrangement of ventilation ducts, filling gaps between partitions).

Third visit carried out before the acceptance of the building for operation, when installation of sanitary appliances and technological equipment. Particular attention should be paid to the improvement of the site.

The sanitary doctor examines the facility under construction in the presence of the construction manager or foreman, who endorse the drawn up acts.

At this stage of supervision, the sanitary doctor draws up a preventive sanitary supervision card for a building or reconstruction. In case of deviations from the project, measures are taken up to a ban, suspension of construction.

Preventive sanitary supervision at the stage of acceptance and commissioning of a food enterprise

Acceptance of the completed object into operation is carried out in two stages.

First- preliminary (technical),

Second- state acceptance.

The task of the technical commission is to check the quality construction works, their compliance with the project and prepare materials for the state acceptance of the facility.

When accepting and commissioning a food enterprise, the sanitary doctor pays attention to the following points:

uninterrupted operation of the water supply, sewerage, heating, ventilation and other systems and devices provided for by the project and important in ensuring the normal operation of the enterprise;

the layout of the premises and their decoration;

installation of the planned equipment (technological, lifting and transport, etc.) and its uninterrupted function;

layout of the yard, outbuildings, the availability of access roads and equipment for reception areas food products.

After inspecting the new building, a preliminary acceptance certificate is drawn up, in which all detected sanitary defects must be noted and recommendations given for their elimination, indicating the timing of the necessary work.

The State Admission Committee establishes the completeness of all types of work at the facility, the quality of their implementation and draws up an act.

Identification of sanitary defects at the stage of state acceptance of an object for operation is, as a rule, the result of unsatisfactory conduct of preventive sanitary supervision.

Vankhanen V.D., Lebedeva E.A. Guide to practical training on food hygiene. M.: Medicine, 1987. pp. 7-25.

Dotsenko V.A. Practical guide on sanitary supervision of enterprises of the food and processing industry, Catering and trade. - St. Petersburg: GIORD, 1999. - 496 p.

Federal Law of the Russian Federation "On the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population" dated 30.03.1999. No. 52-FZ.

GN 2.2.4./2.1.1.562-96 " Permissible levels noise at workplaces, in the premises of residential, public buildings and on the territory of residential development.

GN 2.2.4./2.1.1.566-96 "Permissible vibration levels at workplaces, in residential and public buildings."

GN 2.2.5.552-96 "Maximum permissible concentrations of harmful substances in the air of the working area"

CH 245 - 71 " Sanitary standards design of industrial enterprises”, “Design, reconstruction and operation of enterprises. Hygiene requirements to production facilities” (stage of consideration).

SanPiN 2.3.4.545-96 "Production of bread, bakery and confectionery products"

SanPiN 2.2.4. 548-96 "Hygienic requirements for the microclimate of industrial premises"

SanPiN 2.3.6.1079-01 "Sanitary and Epidemiological Requirements for Public Catering Organizations, Production and Handling of Food Products and Food Raw Materials" Moscow, 2001.

SanPiN 2.2.1./2.1.1.1031-01 " Sanitary protection zones and sanitary classification of enterprises, structures and other objects" Moscow, 2001.

SanPiN 2.3.6.1066-01 "Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the organization of trade and turnover in them of food raw materials and food products" Moscow, 2001.

The main role in ensuring rational domestic and drinking water supply belongs to preventive sanitary supervision.

Preventive sanitary supervision in the process of organizing centralized domestic drinking water supply provides for:

1) the participation of a hygienist in the choice of a source of water supply, the location of a water intake and head water supply facilities, as well as in establishing the boundaries of the WSS;

2) consideration of projects for the expansion and reconstruction of existing and construction of new water pipelines, including projects of the ZSO;

3) sanitary supervision during the construction of water pipelines;

4) participation in the commissioning of water pipelines and individual water supply facilities.

Preventive sanitary supervision begins at the stage of choosing a source of water supply. In this important work, which is carried out by a commission of specialists (hydrogeologists, hydrobiologists, hydrologists, specialists in the field of construction and water treatment technology, economists), the sanitary doctor is given special powers in accordance with the "Regulations on State Sanitary Supervision". The final conclusion on the suitability of a water supply source for household and drinking purposes is given by the sanitary and epidemiological service.

At the stage of choosing a source of domestic and drinking water supply, the sanitary doctor takes part in the collection of retrospective data on the sanitary condition water bodies And surrounding area in the area of the future construction of a water supply system, determines the places and timing of water sampling. The right to conduct water analyzes during the selection of a source, in accordance with GOST 2761-84 "Sources of centralized domestic drinking water supply. Hygienic, technical requirements and selection rules", is also assigned to SES laboratories.

In the process of designing a water supply system, the sanitary and epidemiological service must provide the designing organization with information on the sanitary condition of the territory of future WSS of a water source and water supply system, taking into account development prospects National economy, housing construction and improvement. Great importance has expertise in projects for the construction of new and reconstruction of existing water pipelines.

Household and drinking water pipelines are built according to individual projects using standard solutions individual structures and units. During the consideration of the project of domestic and drinking water supply, it is necessary to assess the fundamental issues: is the capacity of the water supply system sufficient for uninterrupted supply of the population necessary quantity water, whether the flow rate of the water supply source corresponds, whether the water treatment scheme is properly designed based on the quality of the water source, whether the boundaries of the WSS are correctly marked and whether the planned measures to improve its territory are sufficient. All these issues should be considered taking into account the prospects for national economic development. locality or the area in which the water supply is being designed.

A sanitary doctor can give a correct assessment of the project only on the basis of his own materials about water resources given area, water quality, sanitary and epidemic state of the territory of the region, existing sources of pollution. This information is collected in the SES in the process of current sanitary supervision. Comments on the draft must be supported by references to the documents of the current health legislation(State standards, sanitary rules, SNiPs, government regulations).

The work of a hygienist at the stage of examination of a water supply project for a settlement consists of several stages:

1. Familiarization with the passport data of the project, namely the name of the project, the customer organization, the developer organization, the authors of the project, etc.

2. Verification of the completeness of the submitted materials, namely the presence of:

explanatory note with a description of the settlement and the prospects for its development, calculations of the total water consumption of the settlement, justification for the need to build or reconstruct a water supply system, the choice the best option water supply and water treatment schemes, with calculations treatment facilities, their comprehensive characteristics, characteristics of water conduits and water supply networks;
graphic materials (situational plan of the area, the general plan of the settlement, the plan of the site of the main waterworks, the plan and profiles of water conduits and the water supply network);
Draft ZSO with a text part and graphic materials;
applications.

3. Acquaintance with official normative documents, on the basis of which the project expertise will be carried out.

4. Sanitary examination of the provided materials.

At this stage, the hygienist checks the calculations of the water consumption of the settlement, gives a hygienic assessment of the correctness of the choice of the source of water supply and the place of water intake, makes a conclusion on the correctness of the choice of the technological scheme of water treatment and the location of the site of the main water supply facilities, on the correctness of the calculation and arrangement of individual water supply and water supply facilities. networks. Gives a hygienic assessment of the ZSO project (the correctness of the substantiation of the boundaries of individual belts and the sufficiency of the envisaged measures).

5. Drawing up an expert opinion on the possibility and conditions for the implementation of the considered project. This completes the work of the hygienist on the project. The project may or may not be approved. In case of incorrect (erroneous) solution of fundamental issues in the project, it is rejected and sent for revision, indicating a specific reason.

Sanitary supervision during the construction of water pipelines. During the construction of a water supply system, they supervise the implementation of design decisions, the integrated construction of treatment facilities and networks, and compliance with construction deadlines. Representatives of the state sanitary supervision must be present during the preparation of the act of acceptance of hidden works. In the future, the hygienist must conduct a quarterly sanitary inspection of the construction of the water supply system and draw up the results in an act.

Participation in the commissioning of water pipelines and individual waterworks. The last stage of preventive sanitary supervision is the participation of a sanitary doctor in the work of the working and state commissions for the commissioning of water pipes. The facilities must be in working order. The working commission checks the compliance of construction and installation works with the project documentation, gives an opinion on the results of the trial operation of the equipment and hydraulic tests, decides on the possibility of presenting the object for acceptance by the state commission. The State Commission gets acquainted with the approved water supply project, the expert opinion on the SES project, checks the acts of hidden work, the act of acceptance of the working commission, determines the compliance of the constructed facility with the approved project and its readiness for operation. In addition to the water supply facilities, it is necessary to assess the correctness of the implementation of the measures provided for by the project for the organization and improvement of the WSS of the water supply source. After that, in the absence of comments, an act of acceptance of the object into operation is drawn up. If even minor flaws are revealed, the sanitary doctor does not have the right to sign the state acceptance certificate.

1872 the first provincial dignity ...
doctor of Russia - Molleson. Hygienists and dignity: Dobroslavin, Erisman, E. A. Osipov, P. I. Kurkin, N. I. Tezyakov and others. Stages of development: 1. 1918-1921 Centralization of the management of disparate elements of the dignity of the organization. direction of activity - the fight against epidemics. 2. 1922 decree “On the dignity of the organs of the republic”, the beginning of the system of the sanitary-epidemiological service of Russia. 1932 Sysin and Marzeev - sanitary epidemiological stations in the administrative territories, developed measures profile inf zab, sanitary supervision.3. 1933-1951 Organization of state sanitary inspection, strengthening of control functions in the region of preventive sanitary supervision. 1956-1970 Reorganization of the rural health management system. Creation and subsequent liquidation of the sanitary and epidemiological departments in the Central District Hospital. 1963 “Regulations on state sanitary supervision” legal framework activities of the Sanitary and Epidemiological Service, the nomenclature of specialties, the functions of the centers of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service.6. 1971-1985 perfection of the material-technical base, strengthening of state supervisory functions. Creation in all administrative territories of the country self-sanitary and epidemiological service.7. 1986-1990 methods of integrated program-target planning of the profile and healthier activities, the introduction of elements of a new economic mechanism into the activities of the service (expansion of the rights of managers, collegiality in work, brigade forms of organization and remuneration, extrabudgetary sources of funding). well-being of the population”, in 1994 the “Regulations on the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service” were approved. Since 1996, the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service has been headed by the Department of State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.

Tasks and functions of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service (SES):

carrying out preventive and current supervision; studying, assessing and predicting the state of public health; dynamic monitoring of environmental factors; identifying the causes and conditions for the occurrence of infections, mass non-infectious infections and poisonings; health protection programs; accounting and reporting work in the field of hygiene and epidemiol.

The unity of carrying out preventive and current sanitary and epidemiological supervision, sanitary and hygienic and anti-epidemic measures determines the main role of the SSES center in organizing and coordinating the sanitary profile and anti-epidemic activities. Sections:

organizational - organizes and coordinates the activities of all departmental institutions and citizens; normative - develops and approves (coordinates) sanitary rules, hygiene standards; methodological - develops and approves (coordinates) instructive and methodological documentation, new methods of prevention and hygienic diagnostics; advisory, control; scientific and practical.

Methods: information and analytical methods for monitoring, evaluating and predicting changes (trends) in environment and public health; special sanitary epidemiological studies of factors, conditions and causal relationships between the state of health and the environment of people; dynamic san observation; expert assessments (sanitary epidemiological situation, individual indicators of health and sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population); objective assessment of the sanitary condition of an object, territory - laboratory and a tool for studying environmental factors; statistical methods - for generalization and reliable analysis of the data obtained, their graphical presentation; sociological (questionnaires, interviews, targeted survey) - for promptly obtaining information about risk factors and groups, changes in the health of the population, for medical and social analysis; experimental.

Structure of the SSES center: 1) Department of State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision; 2) department of information and analytical support; 3) department of financial and material support. The heads of departments are deputy chief doctors of the territorial center of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service, and the head of the department of state sanitary and epidemiological supervision is the deputy chief state sanitary doctor of a region (krai, autonomous republic).

The first deputy chief physician coordinates the activities of the departments of the regional (territorial) center of the SSES and the interaction between them. He is directly subordinated to the personnel, emergency situations and civil defense sectors, a special, legal, and press center.

The head physician of the SSES center is the chief state sanitary doctor of the region (territory, autonomous republic).

The SSES center in the region (krai, republic) may have the following organizational structure.

2. DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION AND ANALYTICAL SUPPORT:

3. DEPARTMENT OF FINANCIAL AND MATERIAL SUPPORT:

SSES centers are divided into categories (I, II and III) depending on the size of the population served. Rural district centers of category III with a population of up to 30 thousand, II - from 30 to 60 thousand and I - from 60 to 100 thousand people.

PRINCIPLES: functional-branch, problem-thematic and program-target principles.

The functional-industry principle of planning makes it possible to single out specific tasks for the planned period, taking into account the volume and nature of the activities of a particular department, laboratory, department, specialist. The problematic-thematic principle of drawing up a plan makes it possible to single out the main measures common to the entire sanitary and epidemiological service of the administrative territory, regardless of which units are their executors. This method is most appropriate when drawing up comprehensive plans for individual problems ( sanitary protection air basin, soil, reservoirs; prevention of intestinal infections, injuries) and corresponds to the structure of the SSES centers in the current period.

With this planning method, activities of various nature are united by a common task, a single focus, which makes it possible to determine their cost, expected economic, social and health effectiveness.

The program-target principle provides for: setting specific and realistic goals on the scale of the entire institution or territory; definition of the tasks necessary for their implementation; clarification of the expected results for each of the goals, by the degree of achievement of which one can judge the effectiveness of the activity; development of packages of activities focused on the implementation of specific targets; distribution of activities by executors, co-executors and types of integration (intra-institutional - between specialists from various departments of the SSES center; intra-industry - interaction of institutions included in the system of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service; inter-industry - holding events together with authorities and management, other control and supervisory structures); determination of deadlines for execution and development of a system for monitoring the implementation of the planning document; calculation of the cost of events and identification of sources of their financing.

The current is called sanitary and epidemiological supervision for operating facilities, carried out by specialized specialists (doctors and their assistants) of the sanitary and epidemiological service. The frequency of visiting an object is determined by the degree of its sanitary-hygienic and epidemic significance and belonging to a certain group (children's preschool institutions, enterprises, medical institutions, etc.). During the implementation of the current sanitary supervision, dynamic sanitary monitoring, laboratory and instrumental studies, identification and suppression of sanitary offenses, analysis and assessment of the sanitary and epidemic situation at the facility are carried out, proposals for sanitary and hygienic, anti-epidemic and recreational measures are recorded.

Preventive sanitary supervision includes a preliminary hygienic assessment when introducing design standards into practice, state standards and technical conditions, new substances and products, etc., as well as projects for the construction and reconstruction of both individual buildings and structures, and populated areas as a whole.

58. Ambulance and emergency health care: tasks and organization of work. Hospitals

2. The purpose of the lesson: Formation of knowledge and skills about the tactics of conducting TSN, its content, legislative and regulatory framework, methodology for surveying an enterprise, workshop, profession. Practical skills in conducting preventive sanitary supervision over compliance with existing sanitary and hygienic norms and rules during design, construction and commissioning production facilities for various purposes, in the development of design standards, GOSTs, technical specifications for new types of raw materials, with the introduction of new technological processes, equipment, instruments, tools, chemical substances capable of adversely affecting the health of workers.

Learning objectives.

1. Learn the principles of organization of TSN in the industry;

2. To study the main official documents regulating the conduct of TSN in the industry;

3. Learn methodological approaches to the study of the sanitary and hygienic situation at the enterprise;

4. Learn the methodology of enterprise survey;

5. Familiarize yourself with the accounting and reporting documentation for TSN and the rules for its maintenance;

6. Learn the legal basis for the activities of the Sanitary and Epidemiological Service for TSN;

8. Mastering the methodology for assessing the quality of preliminary and periodic examinations of workers.

9. Learn the principles of organization of PSN in industry;

10. To study the main official documents regulating the implementation of PSN in the industry;

11. Master the methodological approaches to the implementation of PSN for industrial facilities at the stages of land acquisition, development of project documentation, construction and commissioning of constructed facilities;

12. Learn general principles consideration and approval of draft normative and technical documentation (industry standards, specifications on new types of raw materials, industrial products, containers and packaging materials, technological processes, equipment, instruments, working tools).

4. Main questions of the topic.

1. Define the concept of "current sanitary supervision"

2. What is the difference between PSN and TSN?

3. Legislative and regulatory documents on labor protection in the Republic of Kazakhstan

4. What type of sanitary supervision is control over the organization and conduct of preventive medical examinations?

5. What work of a specialist precedes the sanitary inspection of an enterprise?

6. In what cases are repeated laboratory and instrumental studies carried out at the enterprise?

7. When is the completed protocol of laboratory and instrumental studies sent to the administration of the enterprise?

8. What classes are the working conditions divided into?

9. Give a classification of harmful factors of the working environment.

10. What sections does the enterprise survey report consist of?

11. What directive documents does the sanitary doctor use in the implementation of the PSN?

12. The role of the sanitary-technical council in the implementation of the PSN.

13. The main tasks of the PSN in the selection and allotment of a land plot for construction.

14. What applies to preplanning documents.

15. What relates to pre-project documentation.

16. What relates to project documentation.

17. How long before the start of construction is the coordination of project documentation with SES.

18. What is indicated in the assignment for the design of software?

19. Stages of software design.

20. What sections does the working design for the construction of the BCP according to standard designs consist of.

21. What is the duration of the project.

22. What materials should the SSES bodies receive for the examination of the draft PP.

23. What document is issued based on the results of the sanitary examination of the project.

24. What questions are reflected in the act of inspection of the facility under construction.

25. Under what conditions a newly built enterprise cannot be accepted and put into operation.

26. Who is a member of the working acceptance committee.

27. Who is a member of the state acceptance committee.

28. Tasks facing the representatives of the SSES bodies that are members of the acceptance committees.

29. Conditions under which the State Acceptance Commission accepts the facility for operation.

30. Hazard classes of harmful substances.

31. The concept of MPC harmful substances.

32. The concept of footwear for harmful substances.

Methods of learning and teaching.

Implementation and discussion of a practical lesson. Solution of situational, test problems.

Literature.

Main

Izmerov N.F., Kirillov V.F. Labor hygiene. Textbook. Moscow, 2008.- S. 574-583.
Hygiene. / Kenesariyev U.I., Toguzbaeva K.K. et al., Textbook Almaty. 2009 - P.14-15.
Guidelines for sanitary examination in the field of occupational health. Under the editorship of d.m.s., prof. Sraubaeva E.N., Belonog A.A. - Karaganda, 2008. - S. 456-475.

Additional:

4. Preventive and ongoing sanitary supervision of ventilation. Ed. Sraubaev E.N., Zhakenova S.R., Shintaeva N.U. - Karaganda, 2010. - P. 1-66.

5. Occupational health in the leading industries of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Teaching aid. Toguzbayeva K.K. Almaty. 2010. - S. 34-73.

6. Occupational hygiene when working with video terminals. Teaching aid. Toguzbayeva K.K. Almaty. 2010. - S. 25-68.

7. Preventive sanitary supervision during new construction and reconstruction of industrial enterprises. Teaching aid. Toguzbayeva K.K. Almaty. 2010. - S. 1-72.

Shayzadina G.N. - Preventive Sanitary Supervision Educational and methodological manual. Astana, 2010. - 50 p.

Control.

Questions of test control

1. The main form of TSN is:

a) business survey

b) laboratory research

c) drawing up an inspection report

d) drawing up a protocol on sanitary violation

e) sanitary education

2. Sanitary and hygienic examination can be:

a) targeted

b) thematic

c) solid

d) selective

d) forced

3. The ascertaining part of the act of sanitary and hygienic inspection is signed only:

a) an administrator

b) labor inspector

c) all survey participants

d) a trade union representative

e) a representative of the ICU

4. Laboratory and instrumental control at the enterprise plans and organizes:

a) administration

b) labor inspection

c) trade union

d) ecologist

d) a doctor occupational health

5. Who implements production control at the enterprise?

a) occupational health doctor

b) labor inspector

c) prosecutor

d) employer

e) ecologist

6. During what period is the completed protocol of the results of the sanitary and hygienic examination sent to the administration:

a) no later than 2 days

b) no later than 3 days

c) no later than 4 days

d) no later than 5 days

e) no later than 7 days

7. Working conditions at the enterprise are divided into classes:

a) optimal

b) acceptable

c) harmful

d) dangerous

d) disadvantaged

8. The supreme body exercising supervision in the Republic of Kazakhstan over compliance with labor protection legislation shall:

b) Prosecutor General of the Republic of Kazakhstan

c) Constitutional Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan

d) President of the Republic of Kazakhstan

e) Prime Minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan

9. The decision to terminate the operation of the equipment is issued in the event of:

a) exceeding the MPC of substances of the 1st hazard class by more than 2 times

b) if traces of a harmful substance are found in the working area

c) upon detection of changes in the technological process

d) during the reconstruction of the enterprise

e) when employees complain about working conditions

10. Who makes up the sanitary and hygienic characteristics of the working conditions of a patient with an occupational disease?

a) administration representative

b) labor inspector

c) union representative

d) occupational health doctor

e) prosecutor

Situational tasks

Task number 1. During the examination of the situational and master plans for the plant for the production of phosphorus and its inorganic compounds installed:

a) SES is 2500m.

b) landscaping - 5%

c) zones are provided: production, administrative and economic, auxiliary shops

d) value sanitary gap between the sludge and slag dumps to the main production buildings is 500 m.

e) the distance between the main building with a height of 30 meters and the auxiliary building is 15 m.

2) for what purposes is the weather vane used

Task number 2. When developing the general plan of the plastics plant (grade 1), the corresponding zones were identified. The landscaping area is taken at the rate of at least 10% of the area of the site. The distance to household premises from production facilities is about 200 meters. The value of the SPZ is provided within 800 m.

Task: 1) give sanitary conclusion on master plan

2) how the SPZ is arranged

Task number 3. In 2000, the SES of Almaty entered for approval project documentation for the construction of a waste processing plant. The project of the plant was developed in 1990 and has not been revised. The size of the SPZ is proposed to be 1000 m. There is no wind rose on the situational plan. The plant is supposed to be built on the northern outskirts of the city. Seismicity of the region is 9 points. On the territory of the plant, zones are allocated - production and administrative and economic. The estimated area of the premises for 1 worker is 3 sq.m., the volume of the premises is 10 sq.m. for 1 worker.

Task: 1) give a sanitary opinion on the specified project parameters

Describe the method of compiling a wind rose.

1. Topic #3: Documentation of the department of occupational health. Types of documents, rules for their maintenance. Organization of the state statistical reporting on working conditions, occupational diseases and their material consequences.

2. Purpose: to form knowledge about the types of documents of the occupational health department of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision in the Republic of Kazakhstan, their content and rules of conduct, to form skills in organizing state statistical reporting on working conditions, occupational diseases and their material consequences.

3. Learning objectives:

1. familiarize with the list of basic documents of the occupational health department for state sanitary and epidemiological supervision,

2. familiarize with the content of the main documents of the occupational health department,

3. instill skills in maintaining records of the occupational health department,

4. to teach the principles of organizing state statistical reporting on working conditions,

5. to teach the principles of organizing state statistical reporting on occupational diseases,

6. teach the principles of calculating the total economic efficiency reducing morbidity.

4. Main questions of the topic:

1. Inspection of the enterprise as the main form of supervision.

2. Types of enterprise survey (target, thematic, continuous, selective).

3. Hygienic standards of working conditions (SNiP, GOST SSBT, SanPiN, etc.).

4. Classes according to working conditions (optimal, permissible, harmful, dangerous).

5. Certification of workplaces in terms of working conditions, purpose, objectives, principles of implementation.

6. The concept of occupational diseases.

7. Classes of occupational diseases according to the etiological principle.

8. Acute occupational diseases.

9. Chronic occupational diseases.

10. Basic legislative acts RK for the protection of workers' health.

11. The procedure for surveying the enterprise.

13. Protocols of laboratory studies, their form and content.

15. Documentation on the sanitary and hygienic characteristics of working conditions.

16. Act of investigation of occupational diseases.

17. List of contingents subject to preliminary and periodic medical examinations.

18. Act of the final commission for the acceptance of medical examinations.

19. Principles for calculating economic losses in case of high morbidity among workers.

20. Accounting and reporting documentation on occupational health.

Combined (work in small groups, discussion).

6. Literature:

Main

1. Izmerov N.F., Kirillov V.F. Labor hygiene. Textbook. Moscow, 2008.- S. 574-583.

2. Guide to practical exercises in occupational health (under the editorship of V.F. Kirillov) - M., Medicine, 2001.- S. 88-103, 173-215, 296-311.

3. Guidelines for sanitary examination in the field of occupational health. Under the editorship of d.m.s., prof. Sraubaeva E.N., Belonog A.A. - Karaganda, 2008. -S. 511-512.

Additional

4. Sanitary norms and rules for industrial occupational health. 3 tons - Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan. 1995. - S. 5-12.

5. Russian Encyclopedia of occupational medicine / ch.ed. Izmerov N.F .. - M .: OJSC "Publishing House" Medicine ", 2005.- S. 428-435.

7. Control ( questions, execution of some documents on occupational health (examination certificate - certificate, report; prescription, recommendations; occupational disease investigation report (f. 362 / U-86); on the sanitary and hygienic characteristics of working conditions - protocols, acts for assessing microclimatic parameters, illumination , work of plumbing devices, according to the severity and intensity of labor of workers) .

Questions

1. List the levels of legislation governing occupational safety and health activities.

2. Decipher the concept of "SNiP".

3. Decipher the concept of "GOST SSBT".

4. Decipher the concept of "SanPiN".

5. Define the concept of "hygienic standards of working conditions."

6. Define the concept of "occupational diseases".

7. Give a classification of working conditions.

8. What are the main forms of work of the sanitary and epidemiological service.

9. What are the main functions of the sanitary doctor for occupational health.

10. List the main legislative acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the protection of the health of employees of enterprises.

11. What is the procedure for the inspection of the enterprise, carried out by an occupational health specialist?

12. List the content of the enterprise survey report.

13. What is the form and content of the laboratory research protocol at the enterprise?

14. What is the form and content of the prescription and recommendations drawn up by the occupational health specialist as a result of the survey of the enterprise?

15. List the documents on the sanitary and hygienic characteristics of working conditions.

16. What does the act of investigating occupational diseases consist of?

17. What is the list of contingents subject to preliminary and periodic medical examinations.

18. What is the act of the final commission for the acceptance of medical examinations.

19. Based on what data is the calculation of economic losses in case of high morbidity of workers.

20. List the accounting and reporting documentation on occupational health.

1. Theme number 4: Methods of sanitary-hygienic research in occupational health: laboratory-instrumental and sanitary-statistical, questionnaire method.

2. Purpose: to form knowledge about the sanitary and hygienic research methods used in occupational health, about the principles of conducting basic laboratory and instrumental methods, to form knowledge about the sanitary and statistical method and the method of questionnaire survey.

3. Learning objectives:

To acquaint with the main laboratory and instrumental methods used in occupational health,

Familiarize yourself with the principles of conducting laboratory and instrumental methods,

Familiarize yourself with the sanitary-statistical methods used in occupational health, including the use of computer programs,

To teach how to conduct a sanitary and statistical study using a database on working conditions at the enterprise,

To teach how to conduct a sanitary-statistical study using the incidence database enterprise employees,

Familiarize yourself with the questionnaire method

Acquire skills in compiling questionnaires for the purpose of conducting research in the field of occupational health.

4. Main questions of the topic:

1. Methods for studying the environment in production: physical, chemical.

2. Basic laboratory and instrumental methods.

3. Methods for assessing the impact of the nature of the labor process on the body of the worker: physiological, biochemical, psychological, and others.

4. Methods for assessing the influence of factors of the working environment on the state of health, morbidity of workers: clinical, sanitary and statistical.

5. The principle of conducting a sanitary-statistical study.

6. Method of questionnaire survey, its purpose and objectives.

7. The principle of compiling questionnaires for employees.

8. Processing personal data of the working contingent.

9. Methods used in the regulation of industrial environment factors: experimental studies using other methods (biochemical, electrophysiological, etc.).

5. Methods of learning and teaching: combined (work in small groups, discussion, case studies).

6. Literature:

Main

1. Izmerov N.F., Kirillov V.F. Labor hygiene. Textbook. Moscow, 2008.- S. ... ..

2. Hygiene. Kenesariyev U.I., Toguzbaeva K.K., Bekmagambetova Zh.D. et al., Textbook Almaty. 2009 - pp. 9-13.

4. Guidelines for sanitary examination in the field of occupational health. Ed. MD, prof. Sraubaeva E.N., Belonog A.A. Karaganda, 2008

Additional

5. Pruglo G.Yu. Use of computer technologies in medical statistics. – Almaty, 2004.- S. 1-51.

7. Control (questions, situational tasks)

Questions

1. Name the physical methods used in occupational health to study the environment at work.

2. Name chemical methods used in occupational health to study the environment at work.

3. What laboratory and instrumental methods are used to study the environment in production.

4. What physiological methods are used to assess the influence of the nature of the labor process on the body of the worker.

5. What is the sanitary-statistical study, for what purpose can it be carried out at the enterprise?

6. What database do you need to have to conduct a sanitary-statistical study.

7. What computer programs are used for sanitary-statistical research?

8. What is the questionnaire method?

9. What are the purpose and objectives of the questionnaire method?

10. What is the principle of compiling questionnaires for employees?

11. How is the personal data of the working contingent processed?

12. What is the purpose of the methods experimental studies in production?

Situational tasks

Task number 1. On the confectionery factory it was found that in the workshop for cooking caramel fondant and toffee mass, a significant heat and steam release is formed. Employees complain about uncomfortable conditions - hot, stuffy, increased fatigue at the end of the shift.

1. What research methods should be used to assess the working conditions of shop workers?

2. What research should be done to assess the health status of workers in the shop?

Task number 2. At the livestock complex (110 thousand heads of pigs), it was found that the workers of the complex load and unload feed manually. The total mass of goods moved during the work shift by each worker is 7600 kg. IN winter time For years, female workers have complained about drafts and cold. Some workers were diagnosed with tendovaginitis. It draws on the increased incidence of colds.

2. What research should be carried out to assess the health status of workers in the livestock complex?

Task number 3. During a comprehensive survey of the fish cannery, it was found that a group of women was busy loading fish into cold chambers. Fish is transported in one-wheeled wheelbarrows on rolling boards, the weight of the cargo is up to 50 kg. Employment of workers in cold rooms alternates with work on open platforms of refrigerators (50% of working time in refrigerators).

1. What research methods should be used to assess the working conditions of workers?

2. What research should be carried out to assess the health status of workers at a fish cannery?

Task number 4. Weaving and dyeing of fabrics is carried out in the dyeing shop of the weaving factory. The main equipment for mechanical brewing is containers with appropriate solutions, into which drums with wound cloth are lowered. The temperature of the solutions is 90 - 100 0 C. The unloading of tissues and the supply of water are mechanized.

IN summer period For years, workers complain about uncomfortable conditions - hot, stuffy.

1. What research methods should be used to assess the working conditions of workers?

2. What research should be carried out to assess the health status of workers in the dyeing department of a weaving factory?

Task number 5. In the steel-smelting shop of a metallurgical plant, steel is smelted at a temperature of 1600 0 C.

1. What research methods should be used to assess the working conditions of workers in a steel shop?

2. What research should be carried out to assess the health status of workers in the steel shop?

Task number 6. Manufacturing process performed in a mechanized forging and pressing shop. At the workplace, during the warm season, the blacksmith feels unwell, sweating heavily, and fatigued.

1. What research methods should be used to assess the working conditions of a blacksmith?

2. What research should be done to assess his health status?

1. Theme number 5: The device and principles of operation of devices for measuring temperature, air humidity, air mobility, thermal radiation, illumination.

Rules for selecting points for sampling air, dust, chemicals in the workplace, assessing ventilation.

2. Purpose: to form knowledge about the device and principles of operation of devices used to measure the indicators of meteorological conditions of the internal environment of industrial premises (microclimate), illumination, for sampling air for dust content, the content of chemicals in the working area and the skills to work with these devices; to form knowledge about methods for assessing ventilation.

3. Learning objectives:

· familiarize with the device and principles of operation of devices used to measure the microclimate, illumination in industrial premises;

· familiarize with the arrangement of devices for sampling air for dust content, the content of chemicals in the working area;

familiarize with the rules for measuring temperature, air humidity, air mobility, thermal radiation, illumination in production premises;

· show points for air sampling for chemical analysis, to determine the concentration of dust in the production room;

Demonstrate methods for determining temperature, air humidity, air mobility, and illumination using instruments in industrial premises;

familiarize and teach methods of calculating relative humidity, determining the maximum humidity, saturation deficit in the production room

· demonstrate methods of air sampling with chemical analysis devices to determine the concentration of dust in the production room;

· to acquaint and train methods of calculation of indicators of natural and artificial illumination in the production room;

To familiarize and train methods of calculation of indicators of ventilation in a production room.

4. Main questions of the topic:

1. Basic parameters of the industrial microclimate.

2. Determination of indicators of the microclimate in the production room using instruments, their design, principles of operation.

3. Inspection of industrial lighting.

4. Determining the level of illumination in the production room with the help of devices, their design, principles of operation.

5. Methods for controlling the content of dust in the air of working premises.

6. Determination of dust concentration in the production room.

7. Control of the industrial ventilation system.

8. Chemical analysis of harmful substances in the air of the working area.

9. Modern methods analysis of air samples of working premises for the content of harmful chemicals.

5. Methods of learning and teaching: combined (work in pairs, discussion).

6. Literature:

Main

1. Izmerov N.F., Kirillov V.F. Labor hygiene. Textbook. Moscow, 2008.- S. 75-82; 165; 353-380; 509; 529.

2. Hygiene. Kenesariyev U.I., Toguzbaeva K.K., Bekmagambetova Zh.D. et al., Textbook Almaty. 2009 - pp. 49-55; 232-250; 517-525, 544-548.

3. Guide to practical exercises in occupational health (under the editorship of V.F. Kirillov) - M., Medicine, 2001.- S. 88-103, 173-215, 296-311.

4. Guidelines for sanitary examination in the field of occupational health. Ed. MD, prof. Sraubaeva E.N., Belonog A.A. - Karaganda, 2008. - S. 36-54; 85-99; 112-131; 237-240; 288-295.

Additional

5. Methodology for studying the industrial microclimate and its impact on the body of workers. Ed. PhD Zhakenova S.R. Educational and methodical manual. - Karaganda, 2005. -S. 1-56.

6. Galaeva A.I. Industrial aerosols, their hygienic evaluation and regulation. Research methods and prevention of dust occupational pathology. Tutorial. -Karaganda, 2008. - S. 1-80.

7. Preventive and ongoing sanitary supervision of ventilation. Ed. Sraubaev E.N., Zhakenova S.R., Shintaeva N.U. - Karaganda, 2010. - P. 1-66.

7. Control (questions, tests)

Questions

1. Determination of the parameters of the microclimate of the industrial premises: temperature, humidity (absolute, maximum, relative), saturation deficit, mobility (speed of movement) of air, thermal radiation.

2. Devices used to measure the air temperature in the production room, their design, principles of operation (thermometers: mercury, alcohol; psychrometers, thermographs, electrothermometers).

3. Devices used to measure air humidity, their design, principles of operation (aspiration psychrometers, hygrograph).

4. Devices used to measure the mobility (velocity) of air, their design, principles of operation (anemometers, catathermometers).

5. Instruments used to measure the intensity of thermal radiation (actinometers)

6. Methods for measuring air temperature.

7. Methods for measuring the speed of air movement.

8. Methods for measuring the intensity of thermal radiation.

9. Methods for measuring air humidity.

10. Insolation of industrial buildings.

11. Combined lighting.

12. Methods for measuring illumination.

13. Determining the level of illumination in the production room: natural illumination, artificial illumination (control points, time of day for measurement, with combined lighting).

14. Devices used to measure the illumination in the production room, their design, principles of operation (luxmeters).

15. Devices used to determine the dustiness of the air in the production room (dust collectors, dust meters, piezometric devices, radioisotope devices).

16. Methods and means of controlling the dust content of the air in the working area (direct, indirect).

17. Air sampling points to determine the concentration of dust in the production room.

18. Rules and methods for sampling air to determine the concentration of dust in the production room.

19. Direct and indirect methods for assessing the efficiency of the ventilation system.

20. The main stages of chemical analysis of industrial poisons in the air of the working area.

21. Air sampling methods to analyze the content of chemicals in the air of the working area.

22. Methods for analyzing air samples for the content of industrial poisons.

Test tasks

1. Determination of air mobility in the room is carried out:

A) anemometer

B) psychrometer

B) hygrograph

D) catathermometer

D) hygrometer

2. The speed of movement of atmospheric air is determined by:

A) catathermometer

B) actinometer

B) a hygrometer

D) radiometer

D) anemometer

5. What device is used to measure the temperature and humidity of the air:

A) anemometer

B) actinometer

B) a thermometer

D) psychrometer

D) barograph

6. Device for determining the speed of air movement:

a) barograph

b) Hygrograph

c) weather vane

d) Anemometer

e) Spectrograph

7. Devices for determining the speed of air movement are:

a) Barometer

b) Thermometer

c) Anemometer

d) hygrometer

e) catathermometer

8. Air speed is measured:

a) Assmann psychrometer

b) Anemometer

c) barometer

d) Luxmeter

e) Krotov's apparatus

9. A psychrometer is a device for measuring:

a) Density of milk

b) Air speeds

c) Water transparency

d) Atmospheric pressure

e) Humidity

10. To determine the humidity of the air using the August psychrometer, you need to know (2 answers):

a) barometric pressure

b) air speed

c) dry and wet thermometer t

d) tank. air pollution

e) dew point

11. The August psychrometer determines:

a) direction of air movement

b) air speed

c) atmospheric pressure

d) air humidity

e) tank. air pollution

12. The speed of air movement in an enclosed space is determined by:

a) barometer

b) anemometer

c) catatherometer

d) Krotov's apparatus

e) August psychrometer

13. Actinometer determines:

a) direction of air movement

b) air speed

c) atmospheric pressure

d) air humidity

e) thermal radiation

14. Determination of air humidity is carried out:

A) anemometer

B) psychrometer

B) hygrograph

D) catathermometer

D) hygrometer

15. The speed of air movement is determined by:

A) catathermometer

B) actinometer

B) a hygrometer

D) radiometer

D) anemometer

16. Measurement of microclimate parameters in cold period year should be carried out:

A) in the morning

B) in the afternoon

B) in the morning and afternoon

D) around the clock

D) at night

17. Measurements of microclimate parameters should be carried out during the day at least:

18. Light represents visible to the eye electromagnetic waves long:

B) 110-150 Nm

C) 160-200 Nm

D) 200-300 Nm

e) 380-760 Nm

19. Luminous flux is measured:

A) in suites

b) in lumens

c) in nits

d) in candela

20. The unit of measurement of illumination is:

c) decibel

e) candella

21. The following types of lighting are used in industrial premises:

A) natural

b) artificial

c) combined

d) contrast

e) colored

22. In industrial premises they use daylight:

a) lateral

b) top

c) combined

d) intense

e) combined

23. Combined combination is:

A) a combination of side and top natural lighting

B) a combination of combined and overhead natural lighting

c) a combination of natural and artificial light

d) combination of local and general lighting

24. Artificial lighting can be :

B) local

B) side

D) top

D) all answers are correct

25. In what indicators is natural lighting assessed:

A) natural light factor

e) candela

26. The level of illumination is measured:

A) an actinometer

B) catathermometer

c) luxmeter

d) psychrometer

e) barometer

27. At what time of day should artificial lighting be measured:

A) at night

B) at night

B) during daylight hours

D) at noon

D) in evening time

28. What types of lighting are united by the concept of "combined lighting"?

A) local artificial + general artificial

B) local artificial + general natural

c) general artificial + general natural

d) general scattered + local directional

29. What types of lighting are united by the concept of "mixed lighting"?

A) local artificial + general natural

b) local artificial + general artificial

c) general artificial + general natural

d) general scattered + local directional

e) use of lighting in adjacent rooms

1. Theme number 6: Basic statistical methods for assessing working conditions and the relationship of the influence of production factors on the health of workers.

2. Purpose: to form knowledge about the main statistical methods for assessing working conditions and the relationship between the influence of production factors on the health of workers; to teach the skills of calculating the main indicators used in the analysis of the incidence of workers with temporary disability and the skills of assessing the relationship between incidence and production factors.

3. Learning objectives:

To acquaint with the main groups of factors affecting the incidence of workers,

familiarize with the main methods of studying the health status of workers,

familiarize with the list of main indicators used in the analysis of morbidity with temporary loss of working capacity,

· to teach the skills of calculating the main statistical indicators used to assess working conditions and the relationship between the influence of production factors on the health of workers.

4. Main questions of the topic:

1. The main groups of factors affecting the health of workers.

2. Basic methods for studying morbidity.

3. The study of the incidence of workers in production by negotiability.

4. The study of the incidence of workers based on the results of preventive medical examinations.

5. Study of the state of health at the enterprise by cause of death.

6. Documentation used to record and analyze the state of health of workers.

7. The main statistical indicators used in the analysis of the state of health of workers.

5. Methods of learning and teaching: combined (work in pairs, discussion, case study).

6. Literature:

Main

1. Izmerov N.F., Kirillov V.F. Labor hygiene. Textbook. Moscow, 2008.-p. 495-500.

2. Hygiene. / Kenesariyev U.I., Toguzbaeva K.K. et al., Textbook Almaty. 2009 - 668 p.

3. Guidelines for sanitary examination in the field of occupational health. Under the editorship of d.m.s., prof. Sraubaeva E.

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