Room plan with symbols example. Drawing window and door openings, plumbing equipment

1. Rules for the design of architectural and construction drawings (according to GOST 21.501-93): implementation of the building plan.

General information.

The main and working drawings are performed in line drawing, using lines of different thicknesses, due to which the necessary expressiveness of the image is achieved. In this case, the elements that fall into the cut are highlighted with a thicker line, and the visible areas behind the section are thinner. The smallest thickness of lines made in pencil is approximately 0.3 mm, in ink - 0.2 mm, the maximum line thickness is 1.5 mm. The thickness of the line is selected depending on the scale of the drawing and its content - plan, facade, section or detail.

Scales images in the drawings should be selected from the following row: to reduce -1:2; 1:5; 1:10; 1:20; 1:25; 1:50; 1:100; 1:200; 1:400; 1:500; 1:800; 1:1000; 1:2000; 1:5000; 1:10,000; to increase - 2:1; 10:1; 20:1; 50:1; 100:1.

The choice of scale depends on the content of the drawing (plans, facades, sections, details) and the size of the object depicted in the drawing. Plans, facades, sections of small buildings are usually made on a scale of 1:50; drawings of large buildings are performed on a smaller scale - 1:100 or 1:200; very large industrial buildings sometimes require a scale of 1:400 - 1:500. Units and details of any buildings are performed on a scale of 1:2 - 1:25.

Coordination axes, dimension and extension lines. Coordination axes determine the position of the structural elements of the building, the dimensions of steps and spans. Axial lines are applied with a dash-dotted thin line with long strokes and are marked with marks that are put down in circles.

On the plans of buildings, the longitudinal axes, as a rule, are taken out to the left of the drawing, the transverse ones - from the bottom. If the location of the axes of the opposite sides of the plan does not match, then their markings are placed on all sides of the plan. In this case, the numbering is done through. The transverse axes are marked with ordinal Arabic numerals from left to right, and the longitudinal - capital letters Russian alphabet (except Yo, Z, Y, O, X, Y, E) down up.

The diameter of the circles must correspond to the scale of the drawing: 6 mm - for 1:400 or less; 8 mm - for 1:200-1:100; 10 mm - for 1:50; 12 mm - for 1:25; 1:20; 1:10..

The font size for marking the axes should be over size font size numbers used in the drawing, 1.5-2 times. Marking of axes on sections, facades, nodes and details must comply with the plan. To apply dimensions on the drawing, dimension and extension lines are drawn. Dimension lines (external) are drawn outside the contour of the drawing in an amount of two to four in accordance with the nature of the object and the design stage. On the first line from the drawing indicate the dimensions of the smallest divisions, on the next - larger ones. On the last dimension line, the total size between the extreme axes is indicated with the binding of these axes to the outer faces of the walls. Dimension lines should be applied so that it is not difficult to read the drawing itself. Based on this, the first line is drawn at a distance from the drawing no closer than 15-21 mm. The distance between the dimension lines is taken at 6-8 mm. The segments on the dimension lines corresponding to the dimensions of the outer elements of the walls (windows, partition, etc.) are limited by extension lines, which should be applied starting at a small distance (3-4 mm) from the drawing, to the intersection with the dimension line. The intersections are fixed with serifs having a slope of 45 °. With very closely spaced small sizes in the drawings of parts and assemblies, serifs are allowed to be replaced by dots. Dimension lines should protrude beyond the extreme extension lines by 1-3 mm.

On the internal dimension lines indicate the linear dimensions of the premises, the thickness of the partitions and internal walls, width of door openings, etc. These lines should be drawn at a sufficient distance from the inner edges of walls or partitions so as not to obstruct the reading of the drawing.
rules drawings plans in accordance with the requirements of ESKD and SPDS (schematic drawing): a - coordination axes; b - dimension lines; in-wire lines; g - area of ​​premises; e - cut lines (dimensions are given in millimeters).

Dimensional and extension lines are drawn with a thin solid line. All dimensions are given in millimeters without a dimension designation. The numbers are applied above the dimension line parallel to it and, if possible, closer to the middle of the segment. The height of the numbers is selected depending on the scale of the drawing and must be at least 2.5 mm when done in ink and 3.5 mm when done in pencil. ^ Level marks and slopes. Marks determine the position of architectural and structural elements on sections and facades, and on plans - in the presence of differences in floor levels. The level marks are counted from the conditional zero mark, which, as a rule, is taken for buildings as the level of the finished floor or the upper edge of the floor of the first floor. Marks below zero are indicated with a "-" sign, marks above zero - without a sign. The numerical value of the marks is put down in meters with three decimal places without indicating the dimension.

Rules for applying marks, sizes and other designations on sections in accordance with the requirements of ESKD and SPDS (schematic drawing). To indicate the mark on facades, sections and sections, a symbol is used in the form of an arrow with sides inclined to the horizontal at an angle of 45 °, based on the contour line of the element (for example, the edge of the finished floor or ceiling plane) or on the extension line of the element level (for example, the top or the bottom of a window opening, horizontal ledges, exterior walls). In this case, the marks of the external elements are taken out of the drawing, and the internal ones are placed inside the drawing

On the plans, marks are applied in a rectangle or on a leader line shelf with a “+” or “-” sign. On architectural plans, marks are placed, as a rule, in a rectangle, on structural drawings to indicate the bottom of channels, pits, various holes in the floors - on the leader line.

The magnitude of the slope on the cuts should be indicated as a simple or decimal fraction (up to the third digit) and denoted by a special sign, the acute angle of which is directed towards the slope. This designation is applied above the contour line or on the shelf of the leader line

On the plans, the direction of the slope of the planes should be indicated by an arrow indicating the magnitude of the slope above it.

Designation of cuts and sections show an open line (trace of the beginning and end of the cutting plane), which is taken out of the image. With a complex broken cut, traces of the intersection of cutting planes are shown

At a distance of 2-3 mm from the ends of the open line extended beyond the drawing, arrows are drawn that indicate the direction of view. Sections and sections are marked with numbers or letters of the Russian alphabet, which are placed under the arrows in transverse sections and on the side with outside shooter - in longitudinal. See the illustration on the right for the arrows' style and size. ^ Designation of the areas of premises. Areas expressed in square meters with two decimal places without a dimension designation, they are usually put down in the lower right corner of the plan of each room. The numbers are underlined. In project drawings residential buildings, in addition, they mark the residential and useful (total) area of ​​\u200b\u200beach apartment, which is indicated by a fraction, the numerator of which indicates the living area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe apartment, and the denominator is useful. The fraction is preceded by a number indicating the number of rooms in the apartment. This designation is placed on the plan big room or, if the area of ​​the drawing allows, on the front plan. ^ Remote inscriptions, explaining the names individual parts structures in nodes, are placed on a broken leader line, the inclined section of which with a dot or arrow at the end faces the part, and the horizontal one serves as a shelf - the basis for the inscription. With a small scale of the drawing, the leader line can be completed without an arrow and a dot. Remote inscriptions to multilayer structures are applied in the form of so-called "flags". The sequence of inscriptions relating to individual layers must correspond to the order of the layers in the structure from top to bottom or from left to right. The thickness of the layers is indicated in millimeters without dimension. Marks of structural elements on the layout diagrams are applied on the shelves of leader lines. It is allowed to combine several leader lines with a common shelf or put a mark without a leader next to the image of the elements or within the contour. The font size for designating brands should be larger than the font size numbers on the same drawing

Marking nodes and fragments - important element design drawings to help them read. The main purpose of marking is to link nodes and fragments taken out on a larger scale with detailed areas on the main drawing.

When placing nodes, the corresponding place on the facade, plan or section is marked with a closed solid line (circle or oval) with an indication on the shelf of the leader line with a number or letter of the serial number of the element to be taken out. If the node is located on another sheet, then under the shelf of the leader line, indicate the number of the sheet on which the node is placed

Above the image or on the side of the rendered node (regardless of which sheet it is placed on), a double circle is placed with the designation of the serial number of the node. Circle diameter 10-14 mm

Technical construction drawings are accompanied by the names of individual images, textual explanations, tables of specifications, etc. For these purposes, a standard roman font with a letter height of 2.5 is used; 3.5; 7; ten; 14 mm. In this case, the font height is 5; 7; 10 mm is used for the names of the graphic part of the drawing; 2.5 and 3.5 mm high - for text material (notes, stamp filling, etc.), 10 and 14 mm high - mainly for illustrative drawings. Image titles are placed above the drawings. These names and headings of text explanations are underlined line by line with a solid line. Headings of specifications and other tables are placed above them, but not underlined.

^ Floor plan.

In the names of plans in the drawings, it is necessary to follow the accepted terminology; architectural plans should indicate the mark of the finished floor or the floor number, for example, “Plan for elev. 0.000", "Plan of 3-16 floors", it is allowed to indicate the purpose of the premises of the floor in the names of the plans, for example, "Plan of the technical underground", "Plan of the attic"

Floor plan depicted as a section by a horizontal plane passing at the level of window and doorways(slightly higher than the window sill) or 1/3 of the height of the depicted floor. With a multi-tiered arrangement of windows on one floor, the plan is depicted within window openings lower tier. All structural elements that fall into the section (steles, pillars, columns) are outlined with a thickened line

On floor plans apply:

1) coordination axes of the building with a dash-dotted thin line;

2) chains of external and internal dimensions, including the distances between the coordination axes, wall thickness, partitions, dimensions of window and door openings (in this case, internal dimensions are applied inside the drawing, external - outside);

3) marks of the levels of clean floors (only if the floors are located at different levels);

4) cut lines (cut lines are carried out, as a rule, in such a way that the openings of windows, external gates and doors fall into the cut);

5) marking of window and door openings, lintels (it is allowed to mark the openings of gates and doors in circles with a diameter of 5 mm);

5) designations of nodes and fragments of plans;

6) names of premises, their area

The names of the premises are allowed, their areas are given in the explications in form 2. In this case, instead of the names of the premises, their numbers are put down on the plans.

Form 2

Explication of premises

Built-in premises and other sections of the building, on which separate drawings are made, are schematically depicted as a solid thin line showing load-bearing structures.

Platforms, mezzanines and other structures located above the cutting plane are depicted schematically by a dash-dotted thin line with two points

^ An example of a floor plan for a residential building: Floor plan elements.

In architectural and construction drawings, in order to give them greater clarity, visibility and readability, conventional graphic symbols are used according to GOST 5401-50 for building materials, elements of buildings, sanitary equipment, etc., which makes it possible to reduce the explanatory inscriptions on the drawings.

Symbols for building materials, most often
used in the construction of buildings.

The figure shows the symbols of some building materials most commonly used in the construction of buildings.

Brick or masonry is indicated in the section in the drawings by straight parallel strokes with a slope of 45 ° to the horizon. The distance between strokes depends on the scale of the drawing. In small drawings, gaps of about 1 mm are taken, in large ones they are increased to 2 - 2.5 mm. Refractory brickwork is hatched in a square cell.

The metal parts of the structures in the section in the large-scale drawings are hatched in the same way as the brick, but a little thicker. In small-scale drawings and in general, when the thickness of the cut part in the drawing is less than 2 mm, a solid black ink fill is made.

The wooden parts in the cross section (from the end) are hatched with circular and radial lines, and in the longitudinal section they are hatched as the fibers in the tree go, and depict the actual arrangement of the layers of wood in kind. Wooden parts that do not fall into the cut are not hatched.

Thin layers of various insulating and cushioning materials (roofing paper, cardboard, cork, asbestos, hemp, asphalt, etc.) are depicted as a solid black fill with an explanatory inscription.

Concrete is represented by dots with circles irregular shape between them. Circles are made with a pen by hand. If two layers of different composition are in contact, then they are separated horizontal line. The composition of concrete is indicated by inscriptions. Reinforced concrete, that is, concrete reinforced with iron rods (reinforcement) embedded in it, is indicated by ordinary shading and circles.

Water is represented by intermittent horizontal parallel strokes, and the gaps between them increase as they move away from the surface.

Walls and partitions are depicted as two parallel lines, the space between which is shaded with thin oblique lines (at an angle of 45 °), sometimes filled with ink, and sometimes left without hatching and filling.

Windows and doors are depicted as wall openings of appropriate sizes, which are not shaded, but are depicted as parallel lines for frames and perpendicular lines for door leaves. The part of the door that opens is called the door leaf.

Doors can consist of one or two door leafs- Single or double sided. If the canvases have different widths, then the door is one and a half.

a - outer door;
b - inner door;
c and d - windows;
d - outer door;
e - single-sided door;
g - double door;
h - window.

Stairs are internal if they are in a special enclosed space called a staircase, external (entrance) and service (basement, attic, etc.). Each staircase consists of inclined parts, called marches, and horizontal platforms.

Marches consist of steps laid along stringers and railings fixed on the steps. In the steps, their width, called the tread, and the height, the risers, are distinguished. The slope of the marches is determined by the ratio of the height of the march to its horizontal projection. The steeper the ladder, the more difficult it is to climb.

For residential buildings slopes are accepted 1:1.5 - 1:1.75, for attic stairs 1:1, for basement stairs 1:1.25. The ladder is more comfortable if the riser is 15 cm high and the tread is 30 cm.

Sanitary devices, i.e. baths, showers, sinks, washbasins, etc., are shown in the figure.

Heating appliances- stoves - they show in terms of the contour of their actual outlines (round, angular, rectangular, kitchen hearths, bathroom column). As a rule, a free space is left between the oven and the wall, called a retreat, 8–10 cm in size, embedded on the sides in 1/4 or 1/2 bricks.

The image of heating devices in the drawing

Separate elements of buildings (window and door openings, staircases) and details of internal equipment (sanitary and heating devices, etc.) are shown in the drawings using conditional graphic symbols.

Rice. 263. Conditional graphic images of window and door openings
Rice. 264. Conditional graphic designations of stairs

39.1. Window and door openings. Figure 263 shows conventional graphic symbols and visual images of window and door openings on sections and building plans. As you can see, the walls are depicted on the sections with solid main lines, window openings - with solid thin lines. In place of doorways, lines are not drawn in the plan, but they show the door leaf and the direction in which the door opens.
On vertical cuts in the places of doorways, thin lines are applied. Thin wavy lines show the breakage of the walls.

39.2. Staircases. Figure 264 shows the designation of the stairs: a flight of stairs in section (Fig. 264, a), a lower march in terms of (Fig. 264, b), an intermediate march (Fig. 264, c), an upper march (Fig. 264, d) .
A line with an arrow at the end shows the direction of the ascent flight of stairs. It begins with a circle located on the image of the floor area.

39.3. Heating devices, sanitary equipment. Figure 265 contains explanatory inscriptions and the corresponding symbols for heating devices, sanitary equipment.

Rice. 265. Heating and sanitary installations

Rice. 266. Graphic designations of materials in sections

Chimneys are depicted on the plan as rectangles, half of which are blackened diagonally. For ventilation ducts, this half is not blackened (only a diagonal is drawn).

A solid fuel stove is depicted as a rectangle. The dash shows the firebox. The gas stove is depicted as a rectangle with a diagonal. The plate is also depicted as a rectangle, but with two circles.

All conditional images are outlined with thin lines. Perform them in the scale adopted for this drawing.

39.4. Designation of materials in sections. Figure 266 shows some of the graphic designations of materials in sections established by the standard.

In construction drawings, it is allowed to designate any material as metal on sections of a small area or not to use the designation at all, giving an explanatory inscription in the field of the drawing.

In construction drawings, graphic and alphabetic symbols are widely used. Graphic symbols are used to designate building materials, building elements, elements of load-bearing structures, sanitary devices, etc.

Picture 1 - Image of sanitary devices in the drawing

The material is not marked, if it is not necessary to specify it, if it is homogeneous or if the dimensions of the image in the drawing do not allow applying a conditional image. In sections of buildings and on floor plans, only areas that differ in material from the main structure are usually graphically distinguished (for example, areas brickwork in panel walls).

Figure 2 - Image of materials in drawings

In the images of doorways the plan shows the directions of opening the doors. The directions of the rise of the stairs and the slope of the ramps (inclined descents) are shown with an arrow.

Alphabetic and alphanumeric symbols (brands of structural elements, links to other drawings, callouts, etc.) serve to explain the drawing. Extension lines (leadouts) are directed to the elements being explained.

Figure 3 - The image of windows and doors in the drawings: a - outer door; b - inner door; c and d - windows; d - outer door; e - single-sided door; g - double door; h - window.

Modern industrial buildings are largely prefabricated- they are assembled from prefabricated structures. The most widespread unified teams reinforced concrete structures issued according to a series of standard drawings, common for different regions of the country. Such products are assigned the appropriate marks, which are affixed to the working drawings of buildings. Stamps usually consist of the initial letters of the names of the respective elements; numbers are placed next to the letters that determine the dimensions of the elements in decimeters or meters, for example SK2-33 - a prefabricated column 200 mm wide, 3300 mm long; FTB 6-3 - reinforced concrete triangular truss with a span of 6000 mm, etc.

Information about all prefabricated products used for the construction of a building is drawn up in the form of tables - specifications containing a list of products and their specifications. For each type of product (for example, reinforced concrete, metal, joinery) in the project, a separate specification is given.

DRAWINGS OF THE PLAN, SECTIONS, BUILDING FACADES. WORKING DRAWINGS OF PARTS OF BUILDINGS

Construction drawings are made according to general rules their rectangular projection onto the main projection planes. The projections of the building in the drawing have their own names.

Views of the building from the back, front, right and left are called building facades. If the facade faces the street or square, such a facade is called the main one. The name of the facade in the drawing is given according to the alignment axes to which it is attached: Facade 1-9 or along the axis along which it is located: Facade along the A axis.

A view of a building from above is called a roof plan. The roof plan and facades of the building give an idea of ​​the shape of the building, the number of floors, the presence of balconies and loggias, the location of the entrance doors, the dimensions of the building, as well as its architectural appearance.

Information about the location of individual rooms of the building, their size, placement plumbing equipment, about the main building structures can be obtained from plans and sections.

A building plan is a horizontal plane cut through window and door openings. If you mentally cut the building with a horizontal plane and cut it off upper part, and project the remaining part onto the horizontal projection plane, then the resulting image will be the plan of the building. Horizontal cutting planes are usually drawn through the windows and doors of each floor and receive the plans of the 1st, 2nd and subsequent floors, respectively. If the layout of the 2nd and subsequent floors is the same, then it is drawn 1 time and called the plan typical floor. In an industrial building, the plan is carried out at the level of various elevations and the resulting plans are called according to these marks: Plan for elev. 6.00.

A section is an image of one part of a building, mentally dissected by a vertical plane. The position of the cutting plane is shown on the building plan. The section is called longitudinal if the cutting plane is parallel to the longitudinal walls of the building, and transverse if the cutting plane is perpendicular to the longitudinal walls. Sometimes, to obtain a cut, not one, but several parallel cutting planes are used. In this case, the cut is called stepped.

The direction of the cutting plane for the section is indicated on the plan of the 1st floor by an open line with arrows at the ends, which show the direction of projection and the gaze of the observer. Numbers are placed near the arrows, and an inscription of the type 1-1 is made on the section itself.

Plans, facades and sections of the building are called general architectural and construction drawings. Based on the general general architectural and construction drawings of the building, drawings are drawn up for the production of special construction works for water supply and sewerage, heating and ventilation, gas supply and electricity supply, etc.

working drawings intended for the production of a certain type of work are combined into sets by brand. In accordance with GOST 21.101-93 and GOST 21.501-93, each main set of working drawings is assigned an independent name, consisting of capital initial letters of the name of a certain part of the project.

Drawing mark maintained at all stages of design. For individual sets of working drawings, the following marks are established:

· general plan- GP;

Architectural drawings - AR;

· building construction– KS;

· architecturally building part(association of AR and KS brands) – AS;

Reinforced concrete structures - KZh;

· metal constructions- KM;

electric lighting - EO, etc.

Drawings of facades, plans, frontal and profile sections.

Plan drawings

The plan is section of the building and structure imaginary horizontal plane. For residential and public buildings, this plane passes within the door and window openings by about 1/3 of the height of each floor, and for industrial buildings at a height of 1 m from the floor level.

The plan of the building is included in the main set of architectural and construction drawings, which gives an idea of ​​the configuration and dimensions of the structure, reveals the shape and location of individual rooms, window and door openings, main walls, columns, stairs, partitions, sanitary equipment, smoke and ventilation ducts and etc. plans for residential and public buildings often show the placement of furniture and other equipment.

The plans of industrial buildings, as a rule, indicate various technological equipment, crane runways, rail tracks, etc.

The plans of amenity premises of industrial buildings indicate the location of cabinets, hangers, benches and other equipment.

The structures on the plans and section are depicted in a simplified way without detailing. In large-panel buildings, window openings are depicted without quarters. If the floor plans differ from each other in the arrangement of individual sections of the outer walls, then a plan of one floor is drawn, and following its example, ribbon plans of different sections of the walls are located. With a two-tier arrangement of windows in a building, the opening of the lower tier is shown on the main plan. The plan of wall sections with openings of the second tier is located along the perimeter of the main plan in the form of separate ribbons. A complex section of the plan is carried out on separate fragments, made on a larger scale and with a greater degree of detail. For residential buildings of great length, plans of individual sections are drawn on a larger scale. Residential sections are several one, two, three, four or more room apartments located near the staircase. Floor plans, basements, technical underground, attic, ceilings, roofs, installation plans, etc. differ.

On the floor plans are applied: coordination axes buildings and structures, dimensions that determine the distance between the coordination axes and openings, marks of sections located on different levels, cut lines drawn in such a way that the openings of windows, doors, external gates, etc. fall into the cut, positions (brands) of building elements, filling in the openings of gates and doors, lintels, stairs, etc., designation of nodes and fragments of plans, the name of the premises, technological sections, their area, categories for explosion and fire fire hazard, borders of zones of movement of technological cranes.

Positional designations of gate and door openings are indicated in circles 5 mm in diameter. Categories of technological sections are put down under their name in a rectangle measuring 58 mm. Built-in premises and other structures on which separate drawings are made are depicted schematically as a solid thin line showing load-bearing structures. Platforms, mezzanines and other structures located above the cutting plane are depicted schematically by a dash-dotted thin line with two points.

On floor plans apply: extreme coordination axes, coordination axes at expansion joints, along the edges of sections with various structural and other features with dimensional references of such sections, floor slope designations, type of floors, marks in places of difference.

The walls of the building and partitions on the floor plans depict one solid thick main line. The floor plans indicate the elements of the building and devices that affect the floor structure (gate and door openings, expansion joints, channels, ladders, etc.), as well as the boundaries of areas with different design gender.

expansion joints depicted with two thin solid lines, and the boundaries of the floor sections are dashed lines.

It is allowed to combine floor plans with floor plans.

The following are applied to the roof (roof) plans: extreme coordination axes, coordination axes at expansion joints, as well as along the edges of roof sections with various structural and other features with dimensional references of such sections, designations of roof slopes, marks or a schematic transverse profile of the roof, positions (brands ) roof elements and devices, parapet slabs and other elements of roof fencing, funnels, deflectors, ventilation shafts, fire escapes.

The coordination axes of buildings and structures on the plans are applied by dash-dotted lines with long strokes 0.3-0.4 mm thick. The center axes are taken out of the contour of the walls and marked. Axle marking on the side of the building with large quantity bearing walls and columns are produced by Arabic numerals 1, 2, 3..., which most often run across the building. Marking of axes on the side of the building with a smaller number of them is made in capital letters of the Russian alphabet A. B. V ... Such axes, in most cases, go along the building. The axes of the elements located between the alignment axes of the main supporting structures are marked with a shot B/1, ... G/3, ... 2/1, ... 5/1, etc.

Drawing floor plans starts with drawing coordination axes. The first line of dimensions is drawn from the coordination axis at a distance of 20-30 mm, and the rest at a distance of 8 mm from each other. Therefore, it is necessary to have a total space around the building for drawing extension and three dimension lines, as well as marking circles with a total size of approximately 50 mm.

After drawing the coordination axes, the thickness of the outer walls is drawn. For example, if the thickness outer wall from a brick is 510 mm, the binding of the axis inside the wall will be 100 or 200 mm, and outside 410 or 310 mm, respectively. Capital interior walls are drawn symmetrically about the coordination axis. After that, the type of window and its dimensions are selected, taking into account the norms of illumination and the architecture of the facade. The height of the windows is taken constant for the entire floor, only their width varies. In the drawings of the technical project, window openings are drawn without window frames, bindings and window sills. After breaking down the window openings, the dimensions of the windows are plotted in quarters, then the quarters are drawn so that the window expands inward, up to a size equal to two quarters. On the first dimension line, the size from the end of the wall to the window is indicated, and then the dimensions of the windows in quarters and the dimensions of the wall openings. The width of single-leaf windows according to GOST is taken equal to 720 and 870mm, double-leaf windows - 1170, 1320, 1470mm, three-leaf windows - 1770 and 2070mm. Then partitions and doorways are drawn. The doorway on the plan is drawn with reference to one of the nearest walls. In this case, the brand of the door is affixed. Door sizes are assigned according to GOST: external double-leaf entrance doors are taken in width equal to 1390 and 1790mm, and in height - 2300mm, in rooms the width of double-leaf doors is taken equal to 1202mm, and single-leaf 800 and 900mm 2000mm high. In kitchens, bathrooms and storerooms of residential buildings, single-leaf doors with a height of 2000m are installed. The width of the doors to the kitchen is assumed to be 700 mm, and in the bathrooms and pantries - 600 mm. Single doors from the apartments to the stairs, to the common apartment corridor or to the floor vestibule should open inside the apartment. Double doors can open in different directions. In public buildings, doors to the stairwell, in common corridors, as well as doors intended for evacuation, must open towards the exit. The location of the door panels is applied on the building plan in accordance with GOST 21.107-78. Furnaces and stoves on the plan are located near the main walls, where smoke channels are provided. Ventilation ducts in the walls of kitchens, latrines and bathrooms are depicted as rectangles measuring 140140mm or 140270mm, and smoke ducts - 140270mm. The plans indicate the thickness of the internal walls and partitions, the binding of the faces of the internal walls and partitions to coordination axes or to the surface of opposite walls, the net distance between the main walls, as well as between the partitions in the rooms, the area of ​​\u200b\u200brooms and utility rooms (kitchens, corridors, bathrooms, bathrooms, pantries, etc.).

The roof plan is a view of the building from above. All roof slopes (roofs) have the same slope, therefore, the edges between the edges of the roof on the plan are angle bisectors. The roof plan is usually drawn on a scale of 1:200. For illustration in fig. 3.5 shows a four-pitched roof plan.

When a real estate object, for example, an apartment building, is put into operation, its inventory is necessarily carried out in order to legally fix the available areas. To this end, employees of the Bureau of Technical Inventory measure the premises. And then, based on the data obtained, they draw up a floor plan of the building.

However, to agree on the redevelopment, a floor plan of the building is not needed, it is enough to have a floor plan of the apartment or that non-residential premises which is planned to be redone. Thus, we can say that a floor plan or just a BTI plan is an information and reference type document, where, taking into account the measurements taken, the real state of the apartment (non-residential premises) is presented.

On the BTI plan are exact dimensions rooms and graphically marked the following elements:

• capital walls and partitions;
• balconies and loggias;
• door and window openings;
• plumbing fixtures and cookers;
• ventilation.

All these elements have symbols on the BTI floor plan.

Types of BTI documents

To coordinate redevelopment, the following types of documents issued by the Bureau of Technical Inventory are used.

Floor plan and explication

You can learn more about what these documents are, how and where they can be ordered from a separate articles. Here we only note that these are the most simple documents BTI, which presents a minimum of information about the object.

A floor plan is a diagram of an object, presented as a drawing with special symbols. At the entrance to the apartment, its number is indicated on the drawing. In addition, the sheet has a stamp of the BTI department that issued the document. Also, the BTI floor plan contains information about the legal address of the building and the floor on which the premises are located, as well as the date of its last inspection.

An explication is attached to the floor plan, which contains a list and purpose of all premises of the object - residential and auxiliary - indicating their area and ceiling height.

Floor plan with explication

Thus, a floor plan with an explication is two sheets of the same format, one of which reflects the floor plan in the form of a drawing, and the other is a table with the characteristics of rooms and premises.

BTI technical passport

A technical passport is a document that is specially designed to coordinate redevelopments.

Technical passport with BTI plan

We also have a separate one about him. But speaking in general, this is a more detailed document, which, in addition to the floor plan and explication, contains information about the house where the premises are located (series, material of walls and ceilings, number of storeys of the building, number of apartments, year of construction, etc.) , address plan, etc.

Floor plan with explication before redevelopment

This document is used to legalize redevelopment that has already been made, if illegal changes are indicated in the BTI documents with red lines. Read more about this.

In general, this document is similar to a floor plan with an explication, but has a special mark “before redevelopment” or “before refurbishment”.

Floor plan with explication before redevelopment

Any room consists of structural elements that have their own name, purpose, size, shape and other characteristics. On the plans of the BTI, they are reflected in the form of conventional graphic symbols, which are not always clear to the owners of the premises.

And since everyone who decides to redevelop their apartment and wants to do it legally will need to deal with some of these documents, it is important to be able to understand how and what is indicated on them. Therefore, further we will analyze the designations on the plans of the BTI.

Description of designations on BTI plans

Immediately, we note that the designations of the BTI do not depend on the type of document. That is, one or another element of the drawing is equally indicated both in the data sheet and on the floor plan.

First of all, the owners are interested in such a question, how is the designation of load-bearing walls on the BTI plan carried out? Many people think that in the drawing thick black lines mark the main walls, and thin - non-load-bearing partitions. But this is not always the case.

Therefore, it is impossible to determine according to the BTI plan which walls are load-bearing and which are non-bearing. In any case, the layman will definitely not be able to do this on his own, if only he turns to a specialist for help.

If the room was performed uncoordinated redevelopment, which became known to the BTI, then after the necessary measurements are made by an employee of the Bureau of Technical Inventory, all the changes made in the drawing will be marked with red lines.

Doorways are indicated as follows: within the boundaries of the line to indicate the partition, two small marks are applied perpendicularly in the form of parallel dashes. In the presence of door leaf between them draw another parallel line that goes beyond the boundary of the wall. This is exactly the designation of the door on the BTI plan.

Similarly, information about the presence and location of window openings is entered into the floor plan. The thickest lines in the drawing are marked facade walls, where the windows are marked with two parallel lines with perpendicular limits on both sides showing their width.

The numbering and area of ​​the room are displayed as fractional number, where the numerator is the room number, and the denominator is its area.

In addition, the location of plumbing and cookers in the "wet" areas of the apartment. Most often, you can guess which plumbing fixtures are indicated on the drawing by the contours geometric shapes denoting them. And you can also guess about the designation of the electric stove on the BTI plan.

For reference: furniture, refrigerator, air conditioning, washing and dishwasher, heated towel rail, oven, etc. are not marked in any way on the floor plan of the BTI. Also, the flooring material in the premises does not have any designations in the BTI passport.

It is easiest to decipher the designations on the BTI plan using specific examples.

If you need to find out the conventions of the BTI, and also need help in developing project documentation and approval of redevelopment in government bodies our employees are always ready to help.