How to think over the layout and make rational zoning of the site. Zoning of a land plot Breakdown of a summer cottage into zones

By purchasing suburban area, its owners are forced to seek answers to a number of questions, only after the solution of which the territory will become suitable for rational use. Among them are the principles of the location of the house and outbuildings on the site, and the planting of fruit and ornamental plants, and the possibility of placing a bathhouse and a pool. Having competently answered these questions and rationally disposed of the available space, the newly minted owners summer cottages they are often surprised that even in a small area it is possible to place all the planned functional and decorative elements. To properly plan the territory, which will be the first step towards creating the site of your dreams, listen, use the simple tips suggested in the article, and add your understanding of beauty and comfort.

Zoning of a suburban area: factors affecting it

Zoning a suburban area is a complex engineering and construction project, which includes not only the division of the site into separate functional areas and planning of connections between them, but also the development of site design. Among the inhabitants, a simpler definition of zoning is used, which implies the allocation of several functional zones on the territory of a summer cottage: front, residential, garden, utility zones and a recreation area. In order to carry out rational zoning of a summer cottage with your own hands, it is necessary to take into account a number of factors, which will allow you to avoid unwanted errors in the process of planning the territory. Particular attention is recommended to be given to climate zone, the terrain on which the site is located (hill or lowland, location on the site of a steppe or forest, the presence of water sources), the shape of the land cut, the presence of neighboring buildings. The type of soil is no less important, since if it is not dense enough, it is not recommended to erect gazebos and other structures on the plot of land without first strengthening it with denser soil. Often its delivery is organized specialized companies engaged in construction, landscape design and zoning of the territory.

Climatic conditions - one of critical factors affecting the zoning and design of the suburban area. Experts identify several main project areas:

• Northwest zone- a fairly windy area, the hallmark of which are harsh winters and warm summers. Developing a plan functional zoning suburban area located in a similar climatic zone, it is important to pay special place snow-retaining structures, high hedges and covered gazebos;
• Western zone- quite warm, characterized by rare rains. For such areas, low fences and open verandas. In the process of zoning territories located in the western climatic zone, the use of European design is encouraged;
• southeast zone- windy area with dry summers and frosty winters, which necessitates the construction high fences, closed mansards and verandas. Equally important is the organization of a water supply system available in any corner of the site;
• Southern zone- windy territory, which differs enough short winters and hot summer, in view of which the zoning of the site is based on the principle of protecting the territory from strong winds and the scorching sun.

Important! This classification is based on the division of the territory into climatic zones and regions. The sides of the personal plot itself have nothing to do with it and are used in the process of planning garden plantings and building areas.

The principles of planning a homestead territory

In the process of zoning a site, it is important not only to take into account all of the above factors, but also the basic principles of territory planning, based on which you can rationally divide the site into separate zones. Let's consider them in more detail.

• Rationality, which can be discussed when 70% of the land is allocated for horticultural plantings, 20% - for the placement of outbuildings and decorative elements, 10% - residential buildings;
• Ergonomics, including compliance with the necessary distances between objects. If it is necessary to minimize it between residential, utility buildings and other objects, then the situation is different with respect to plantings - the gap from the residential building to the garden zone should be at least 3-6 meters, which will prevent their destructive influence on each other;

Important! When zoning, observe the following territorial parameters: the distance from the house to the trees is at least 3 m, to the raspberry bush - 1 m, to berry bushes(gooseberries, currants) - at least 1.5 m. It is important to remember that sooner or later fruit and berry plantations will grow, and therefore, the distance between them and residential buildings should initially be as wide as possible.

• Seating and site planning must be carried out taking into account the cardinal points. For example, if the site is located in middle lane Russia, in the process of its zoning, observe the law of decreasing height. It says that low-growing plants (vegetables, berries and flower beds) should be planted near residential buildings, and as you move deeper into the site, taller plants - shrubs and trees - are planted. If the site is in a hot climate, trees and shrubs are placed near residential buildings, and low plants - in the depths of the site.

Thus, in a dry climate and heat garden trees placed in front of the house, and undersized cultivated plants - behind it, which will help retain moisture and protect the yard from heat.

The damp and cool climate dictates other rules, according to which the garden is placed in the depths, and the flower beds and the garden are in the yard, not far from the residential building. This will protect the building from excessive dampness and will contribute to its natural heating.

• Zoning of the site, taking into account the windy side- an important aspect that must be taken into account when choosing a place to place buildings. In the process of planning the territory, try to place buildings on the north or northwest side, which will protect the garden area from cold winds. Shrubs (gooseberries, raspberries) planted along the fence will no less effectively protect the site from the winds;
• Compliance sanitary norms , according to which the distance from residential buildings to septic tanks, toilets and cesspools must be at least 12 m, from the house to livestock outbuildings for household purposes - at least 7 m. Location of a well and a septic tank in the same zone is prohibited;

• Playroom and recreation area are planned taking into account safety requirements. Playgrounds are designed in such a way that they are in the field of rhenium adults - they must be accessible to the eye from the most frequently visited areas - the living room, dining room or veranda. Pavilions are located in a territory protected from direct sunlight, water and electricity.

Zoning summer cottage photo

The most common forms of plots and options for their design

The design and layout of the site depends on its shape. Consider the most common options.

• Rectangular area- the most common and convenient option for planning land objects. In most cases, zoning of plots of a similar shape is carried out as follows: country house located near the entrance to the site, preferably to the left of it. Directly opposite the house or a little to the right, a recreation area or a playground is placed, which will be available for review. Behind the house, experts recommend placing Orchard, and directly behind the recreation area - a garden and outbuildings;
• Narrow elongated area- a fairly common version of summer cottages, in the planning process of which difficulties often arise. To avoid them, break the site into two or three transverse zones so that the site is not completely visible. This can be done with the help of hedges, trees and shrubs planted by the group, as well as buildings for various purposes.

Experts offer the following site layout option: a country house is located on the near border of the site, while additional outbuildings are on the opposite side. The specified location of the objects will allow the garden and vegetable garden to be located in the middle part of the site.

Important! Using well-known design tricks, you can visually change the shape of the elongated area, bringing it closer to a standard rectangular one. To accomplish this, designers advise planting small flowers in cool colors along the long sides of the site, while large bright plants are planted near the short sides (in particular, at the entrance).

• L-shaped plot- another common option for planning a summer cottage, the standard irregularities of which can be profitably used. In such cases, a separate recreation area is placed on the territory of the protruding part of the site, while the zoning of the remaining territory is carried out similarly to a standard rectangular area;
• Triangular area- a rather rare variant of the planning of the land area, the planning of which is one of the most difficult. A house on such a site is traditionally placed in the central part, and behind it is a recreation area that is accessible for review. Outbuildings are located in the corner parts of the triangular-shaped plot, and shrubs and fruit trees are planted along the perimeter.

The main functional areas of the site: a brief description

front or entrance area

Regardless of whether you are zoning a summer cottage of 6 acres or more, it is necessary to organize an entrance zone on its territory. It is the first thing you and guests see at the entrance to the territory of the site, and therefore, its planning must be given Special attention.

Important! Even taking into account the organization of parking for a car, the front zone occupies no more than 6% of the site area.

The main function of the front area is the entrance to the site and the entrance of the car, in view of which the front area includes:

• Convenient wide road leading to the house;
• Area for a car.

In the process of organizing the entrance zone, it is necessary to take into account the terrain, which will avoid the stagnation of rainwater, as well as to foresee the area for the installation of collectors and drains. As mentioned above, the path leading to the house should be wide enough (at least 1.5-2 m), which will make it comfortable for you and your guests. Due to the high functional load on this area, experts recommend using tiles for paving.

Once you've mapped out the driveway and driveway leading to the house, estimate the amount of space left and use it to place decorative elements. Most often this is a free area left near the fence. Do not forget to evaluate the free area outside the site, as it can also be used to decorate the territory. If your plot is rectangular, after evaluating the free area outside it, break up a flowering flower bed, and if you have a narrow elongated plot, use a neatly trimmed one to decorate it from the street side. hedge from thuja or barberry.

Important! If you plan to organize an open area for vehicle entry on the site, refuse to land fruit trees near this place.

The front area is a good place to break blooming flower bed or other intricate landscape composition. If you are zoning a small area, the narrow passage that remains free after organizing the entrance zone can be decorated by planting blooming ivy or climbing roses along the fence.

Residential area - a fundamental element of the site

The main building object land plot is a house, in connection with which, the planning of a summer cottage begins with the definition of a residential area and, based on this, the subsequent breakdown of the territory is carried out. If you are zoning a summer cottage of 8 acres, the territory of which the owners prefer to use for growing fruits and vegetables, it is advisable to place a residential building near the fence. If the territory of the site is originally intended for recreation and creating picturesque landscape paintings, residential buildings are located in accordance with the design project.

Important! When planning the location of the house on the site, consider the size and orientation of the shadow cast on the flower beds and the garden area, and choose a place for it so as not to obscure light-loving plants.

Rest zone

There are no special requirements for the layout of a recreation area that carries a lower functional load - it is carried out in accordance with the capabilities and desires of the owner. In most cases, the territory of the recreation area is equipped with:

• gazebo;
• Terrace;
• Barbecue area;
• Patio.

If you are zoning a suburban area of ​​​​20 acres, the territory allocated for the recreation area should not exceed 15% of the total area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe site. This will be enough even to accommodate everything you need even on small area 6-8 acres.

In the process of developing a recreation area project, it is necessary to take into account several rules, thanks to which you can make it as convenient and functional as possible.

• Rule #1: To make the recreation area as comfortable as possible, it must be organized in such a way that it has a connection with the house. This must be done in order to make family gatherings and friendly meetings as convenient as possible;
• Rule #2: To create a comfortable and secluded environment on the territory of the recreation area, it is recommended to place it behind the house, preferably away from the entrance. This rule is especially true for sites located within the city;
• Rule #3: When choosing an area for a recreation area, evaluate the beauty of your site, and plan it in such a way that you can contemplate the best views when you are in the gazebo or patio.

garden area

In most cases, most of the territory of the site, namely 75%, is allocated for the garden zone. Regardless of the size of the plot, the most illuminated area is allocated for the garden zone, while it is important to consider that for large fruit trees it is preferable to choose the north side. The garden and vegetable garden are recommended to be located as far as possible from the recreation area, however, in the process of zoning a summer cottage of 6 acres, this will be problematic. The breakdown of a modular garden with beds will help to get out of this situation. various shapes, which, in addition to its direct destination, will perform a decorative function. Paths between beds ornamental garden must have solid paving. Fruit trees will also be a good addition to this composition, and shrubs (raspberries, gooseberries) can be used as hedges, trellises and pergolas.

Economic zone

In the process of zoning a site, it is also necessary to pay due attention to the economic zone and, if possible, place it next to the territories allocated for horticultural plantings. As a rule, it includes:

• greenhouse;
• bath;
• Garage;
• Barn.

In the process of organizing a business zone, experts recommend focusing on practicality and abandoning the aesthetic green lawn in favor of paved paths and playgrounds. In view of the fact that it is almost impossible to hide outbuildings on a small plot of 6-8 acres, it is necessary to think in advance about the possibilities of decorating it with the help of climbing plants. In the process of zoning a plot of 15-20 acres at this stage, there will be fewer difficulties, since the economic zone, in the absence of a lack of free space, can be limited to trellises entwined with clematis, grapes or climbing roses.

Methods for zoning summer cottages

There are a number of common zoning techniques for a summer cottage, using which you can make the site as convenient and beautiful as possible. Let's consider them in more detail.

Hedges

By planting shrubs and trees on the demarcation line on the territory of the site, you can not only make the zoning aesthetic, but also save space. Depending on the purpose, hedges are divided into several types:

Open or low hedges, reminiscent of low green fences made of juniper, thuja or boxwood. They are organized if there is no need for a closed fence;

Solid wall hedges, reaching a height of 1.5 to 2 m. They can be both sheared and free type and serve as a fence between the decorative and economic zones. For their organization, compact shrubs (steppe almonds, Japanese quince), high flowering plants(dahlias) and fast-growing perennials (sunflower, blackthorn). By planting these plants, you will form fences in the second year after planting them.

Elevation zoning

By deepening or raising individual sections in the summer cottage, you can organize a cascading flower garden, a gazebo or wooden flooring near the pool on them.

"The Drowned Garden" , once popular in medieval England, and today has become popular in central Russia, will allow you to create a special “cozy” microclimate on the site. This idea involves organizing decorative waterfall located several levels below the level of the main terrain.

Zoning the site with arches and trellises

By arranging these structures on the territory of the site, you will not only zoning the territory, but also protect it from winds and noise. Arches are a great opportunity to organize a shady area for relaxing and planting shade-loving plants.

Landscape designers offer to decorate arches and trellises climbing plants:

• Perennial vines ( climbing roses, clematis);
• Annuals (beans, nasturtium);
• Fruit plants (grapes, actinidia, lemongrass).

Zoning of the territory is an essential step in the improvement of the land. Zones are allocated areas for precinct design objects. To begin with, place a plan for future buildings on a sheet of tracing paper. Zoning of the territory is phased.

Space zoning is one of the main stages of creation landscape design.

First, the location of the main buildings (house, garage, bathhouse) is determined, then zones are allocated for a vegetable garden, gardens, roads, taking into account natural and economic characteristics, sanitary and hygienic standards and economic functions.

The division of the territory into zones is marked on the diagram, indicating the places of existing, still planned and proposed for demolition of objects, areas of landscaping and landscaping.

Landscaping layout.

are an important factor. In order to lower groundwater, drainage, wells, and diversion channels are used. A reasonable option is a width of 20 cm, a depth of 50 cm, on the bottom of which a pipe is laid out with drilled holes. On steep slopes, terraces 5 m wide are arranged to protect the fertile soil layer from being washed away.

When planning, it is necessary to take into account the norms of distances between objects in terms of sanitation and fire safety. According to sanitary and hygienic standards, the distance from the house to the barn with animals should be at least 7 meters, to the toilet - 12 meters, from the summer kitchen to compost heap- 7 meters. planting trees and tall shrubs should be carried out on the sunny side at a distance of 5 meters from the house to avoid shading. The landing pattern can be in the form of a square, rectangle or checkerboard pattern.

Layout plan of the suburban area.

For effective zoning, it is desirable to rationally place infrastructure zones, allocate as little space as possible for pedestrian roads, provide minimum distances between buildings. In order to save space, it is advisable to combine some auxiliary facilities - a bathhouse with a shower, a barn with a poultry house or a cowshed, summer kitchen with a cellar. To visually increase the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe site, you can resort to techniques such as laying winding roads or diagonally.

The planning of the territory can be approached from the point of view of landscape design, thanks to which a picturesque view is given. In this case, the free placement of the garden and buildings is assumed, the original use of irregularities - in the depressions - reservoirs, on a hill - a hill, on the slopes - ladders.

There is an incredible variety of options for zoning a summer cottage, depending on the territorial area, relief features, hobbies, palatability and financial opportunities.

Conventionally, the land plot is divided into the following zones with the recommended area:

• residential area - 10%;
• for household and household purposes - 15%;
• for recreation - 5%;
• for horticulture - 70%.

Methods for placing plot zones:

1. classical rectangular layout allows division into zones through fantasy.
2. The elongated, narrower layout is complicated due to the difficult division of plots into zones. To visually expand the territory, you can plant large bright species of plants.
3. "L"-shaped layout allows the protruding part of the site to be used for recreation.

The main stages of zoning the territory:

1. Collection of information about land plots (direction of prevailing winds, groundwater level, land data, sunny and shaded areas).
2. Placement of real estate and household premises on the site.
3. Arrangement of a playground for games (swings, sandboxes, slides).
4. Selection of area for the garden and vegetable garden.
5. The construction of a living fence of plants, the breakdown of flower beds, flower beds, front garden.

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Zoning of residential area and outbuildings

Territory zoning scheme.

The perimeter of the site is besieged by trees or shrubs. For owners of large plots of land, the option of fencing will be the layering of plantings from taller ones with dense foliage to undersized single plants.

Directly start with the location of the house. As a rule, the facade of the house is drawn to the street at a distance of at least 4 m from the road. For a kind of highlight in front of the house, you can break flower beds or build a front garden. Often, when a house is built in the central part of the site in order to protect it from winds, noise and dust, and for privacy. Living rooms should be directed towards south side, while the light must enter the windows for at least 4 hours. A variety of plants are planted near the house ornamental plants and shrubs. It is important to take into account the main entrance, which is the "face" of the site. For visual hospitality, unusual decoration is needed. For example, a picturesquely decorated with climbing plants will fit in well. arched structure. It is reasonable to plant shrubs along the paths to transform the front area. The zoning of the front zone is not only from a functional point of view, but also from an aesthetic one.

The entrance area, consisting of a garage, entrance or car park, reflects the first impression of the owners. Therefore, it is important to decorate it with a fountain, flower pots.

The economic zone of the plots includes sheds, bathhouses, garages, woodsheds, workshops, barnyards, that is, everything that is needed for practical purposes. Despite the fact that the economic zone is not always in harmony with the general landscape style site, it is necessary to provide for a peculiar design in this area. Buildings for economic purposes are best located on the north or north-west side in the depths of the site. Building objects should be placed in such a way that bathrooms are not located next to a place to relax, and buildings for animals - with a pool or natural reservoir. It is reasonable to place outbuildings of plots remotely from the boundaries of the street.

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Allocation of recreation areas and playground

Site planning scheme.

The recreation areas attached to the house serve as a place for spending leisure time, receiving friends and guests, and eating food. The recreation area is located concentratedly or throughout the territory, taking into account the hobbies of each member of the house. It is not uncommon for a site to be acquired for the purpose of spending leisure time and weekends. In view of this, it is important to carefully plan the site for recreation. It should be sheltered from the wind and negative natural phenomena. For such purposes, fencing from plants or the original fence is provided. You can't do without a gazebo with a flower garden, a swimming pool or a natural reservoir and beautifully located paths. It is better to place the gazebo in a picturesque place darkened from the scorching sun, because here you can gather to contemplate the beauty of flower plantations, birdsong and barbecue. It is important to ensure isolation from unnecessary eyes, the aesthetics of the environment and the convenience of communication with the house. To enclose the zone of the plots, green wings and trellises decorated with lianas are used. In the summer, gazebos and roofed terraces or patios with garden furniture for tea.

If the territories are acquired by young families or those who have small children and grandchildren, then it will be mandatory to allocate a zone for children's games so that the site is in the field of view of the elders from the windows of the house for control. You need to make a place for children in a place protected from sunlight and wind, excluding landing poisonous plants and availability of water bodies for safety.

For lovers of outdoor activities, a sports area is allocated. Depending on the area of ​​land, you can place a tennis court, a football field, a basketball, volleyball or badminton court. It is not uncommon for there to be unoccupied space near land plots. It can be used as an active site for different kind games, having previously arranged the lawn. Lawn care is a complex, time-consuming and expensive pleasure. To save money, it can be replaced with gravel or paving. A great addition to the landscape design of the plots will be a pool or small pond. Nearby, to supplement the reservoir, rockeries and rock gardens are placed.

In order to effectively use the land plot for individual housing construction (IZHS), it must be divided into zones or zoned. Zones are allocated areas for objects of local (including landscape) design.

Zoning- this is the definition on the land of certain areas for work, family recreation and pleasant pastime. A site for individual housing construction may include several zones, which include the following:

1. playground;
2. playground;
3. alcove;
4. garden greenhouse;
5. swimming pool;
6. fountain or waterfall;
7. garden or vegetable garden; etc.

Zoning of the territory is sequential, phased in nature, and includes the development of a plan for a land plot in computer program(or on a sheet of paper). It is necessary, taking into account the natural and economic characteristics, sanitary and hygienic standards and economic functions, to draw up a clear project, which will take into account all the zones and layouts of interest to you.

It is advisable to apply the following sequence of zoning a suburban area:

1. collection of information about the land plot (direction of prevailing winds, groundwater level, land data, insolation of the territory);
2. placement of residential and utility premises on the site (determining the location of the main buildings, taking into account the analysis of the collected information about the site for construction);
3. allocation of recreation areas (or a playground for games), a vegetable garden, a garden, an access road;
4. allocation of zones of flower beds, flower beds, front garden.

When planning it is necessary to take into account the norms of distances between objects in terms of sanitation and fire safety. All norms can be found in laws and SanPiN (for example, in Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for living conditions in residential buildings and premises SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10). Some questions on the placement of residential buildings near power lines or railways can be clarified on the website http://jurcon74.ru.

It is reasonable to determine the maximum possible and necessary number of courtyard buildings and their location. This should include household and household buildings for various purposes, a house, greenhouses, retaining walls, fences, pools, decorative ponds, courtyard hearths, etc.

Naturally, this should take into account their orientation relative to the cardinal points and the boundaries of the site. It is not at all necessary to build everything at once, since much depends on your material and physical capabilities.

The layout of the sites should provide favorable sanitary and hygienic conditions, optimal organization life processes of people in a residential building, rational management of subsidiary farming, fire safety, economic development and compliance with other requirements.

There are three main design stages in the development of site planning:

1. division of the territory into sections;
2. determining the location of a residential building;
3. determination of the location of economic structures, gardens, orchards and other building objects.

At the first stage justification of the need for the size, shape and location of the site is carried out. Usually, when breaking down the territory, they tend to increase the linear building density in order to reduce the length of the street network. This allows you to reduce the cost of building transport routes (roads, footpaths, etc.), as well as engineering networks(water supply, sewerage, etc.). To this end, the width of the site along the front of the street is reduced as much as possible. The width of the site, as a rule, consists of three components: the size of the house, household and other structures along the street; sanitary and fire breaks between objects; driveways and passages from the street to the site.

At the second stage development of the site layout determines the location of the house. Basic placement techniques residential buildings with business buildings:

1. residential buildings are mainly separated from household structures (in any climatic conditions and for all types of houses);
2. residential buildings are interlocked with household structures (it is advisable to use for harsh climatic conditions).

In this case, a residential building can be located as follows:

• in the foreground - along the border of the site, called the red line, or with a small indent from it within 1-5 m;
• in the middle part of the site with a significant indent from the red line within 5-15 m;
• at the far end of the site.

The placement of the house in the foreground is mainly used, which is typical for small and medium-sized plots in urban and suburban areas. In this case, the house is conveniently connected to the street by driveways and walking paths and has a certain distance to protect against noise, dust and other negative factors.

For large areas, it is possible to place a house in the background in order to increase environmental protection.

In all variants of the location of the house, the correct orientation of the living quarters to the cardinal points must be ensured in order to comply with the important requirements for insolation and natural ventilation.

At the third stage substantiation of the layout of the site, the placement of a garage, outbuildings, a garden and a kitchen garden is being developed. The garage can be built-in, detached, interlocked with a residential building or interlocked with household structures. Built-in garages are usually located in the first, basement or underground floors of the house. Separately standing garages placed closer to the entrance to the site to eliminate irrational traffic through the site. Garages interlocked with household structures are located, as a rule, along the boundaries of the site.

The placement of household structures depends on their functional purpose, the size of the site, the general architectural design of the development, the availability residential buildings and structures in neighboring areas and other factors.

If the site is used for the day of a large subsidiary farm or individual production activities, household structures have a developed structure and are usually located in a single complex block and in the backyard, away from the street.

If the site does not have an economic purpose, there may be no economic structures or they may be small, usually standing separately in the depths of the building.

The layout of the garden and vegetable garden includes:

1. determination of the general location, shape and area of ​​planting trees, bushes and other vegetation;
2. calculation of the amount of vegetation and the distances between them;
3. selection of specific types and varieties of vegetation - trees, bushes, flowers;
4. predictive calculations for the prospective change in vegetation height;
5. substantiation of convenient and shortest paths, internal driveways and platforms;
6. determination of the need for pools, gazebos, fountains, alpine slides and other small architectural forms etc.

Thus, effective planning solutions for adjacent plots can significantly improve the consumer qualities of your individual housing. For effective zoning, it is desirable to rationally place infrastructure zones, allocate as little space as possible for pedestrian roads, and ensure minimum distances between buildings. In order to save space, it is advisable to combine some auxiliary objects (for example, a bath with a shower).

The planning of the territory can also be approached from the point of view of landscape design, thanks to which a picturesque view is given. In this case, free placement of the garden and buildings, the original use of irregularities are assumed: in the depressions - reservoirs, on a hill - a hill, on the slopes - ladders.

Thus, there is an incredible variety of options for zoning a summer cottage, depending on the territorial area, relief features of the landscape, hobbies and financial opportunities. But nevertheless, when zoning, it is simply necessary to take into account the requirements of landscape design.

There are the following main ways of locating land zones:

1. classic rectangular layout;
2. elongated narrowed layout (difficult due to the difficult division of plots into zones; in order to visually expand the territory, you can plant large bright plant species).
3. L-shaped layout (allows you to use the protruding part of the site for recreation).

Any living space, whether it is an apartment, a house or a whole estate, is divided into interconnected territories that meet different needs.

A reasonably zoned area is a separate, self-sufficient world where work and leisure, beauty and utility coexist. Most often, it consists of the following territories:

• the entrance (vestibule, front) part is the “business card” of the estate, its presentation, so to speak.
• The recreation area is the “heart” of the site, a tastefully arranged place where households get together and receive guests.
• Garden area. If the owners of the plot are passionate gardeners, this part is much larger than the rest and reaches 80% of the plot area.
• Flower zone - organized by those who like to mess with roses or hyacinths, are interested in varieties, experiment with new selections.
• The ecological zone is a fashionable "chip" of the modern garden design. This is an untouched corner of local nature - a piece of forest, fields, a reservoir.
• Sports zone. Its dimensions depend on the preferences of the owners, so the playground can consist of a mini-field for playing football or a tennis court, as well as a patch with a horizontal bar and a basketball basket mounted on a pole.
• Playground - here they equip a sandbox, hang a swing, put a "teremok" and other children's joys.
• The economic zone is a site that performs the necessary utilitarian functions. It has a shower, toilet, barn, compost pit, and other outbuildings.

And now in more detail.

Exit, she is the front area of ​​the site

Her main sign- elegance, presentability. Therefore, it is important that the exit zone is not obscured by a solid fence - your " business card"should be visible from a distance.
The front area is preceded by a wicket and gates for cars, immediately behind which they equip a platform, open or under awnings parking, and sometimes a full-fledged garage.
The gate and the house are connected by a paved, fairly wide alley, framing it with borders of flowers or decorative bushes. It happens that bushes are planted with outside plot, forming a low hedge from them.

Front gardens give a special beauty to this, the most representative zone. Namely, those in which low bushes with colorful leaves, as well as wild dwarf trees, are in harmony with cultivated flowers and lush perennials.
In general, the vestibule is impossible without plants. Their number varies depending on the area of ​​the site. If it is very small, use flowers and ornamental shrubs growing in containers, pots or planters. They are placed along the alley, on the porch of the house, hung on the pediment.

Despite the fact that the front area is one of the smallest and, most often, does not exceed 6% of the total area of ​​​​the site, it should be catchy, imposing, because this is the “face” of your site.

Recreation and reception area

This is a terrace with arranged garden furniture, a patio or a gazebo, a barbecue area, a barbecue hearth, in general, a cozy, comfortable place for receiving guests, dining outdoors, picnics.

Naturally, this area should be away from the main path and especially from parking lots, as well as from the main entrance to the house. Most often, a recreation area is set up in the backyard - "in the rear" of the house. It occupies from 10 to 15% of the area of ​​the site.

garden area

In most cases, even decorative plantings do not do without a couple of fruit trees and beds with herbs. It is not necessary to be a gardener-gardener to introduce these "sacred" elements of country life into the surrounding landscape.

Of course, the place for fruit and vegetable crops should not be darkened. Most tall trees planted on the north side of the plot, and, for example, berries - in sunny places.

Flower garden area

The flower zone can become the "highlight" of the site.
When choosing a place for your favorite plants, they take into account the needs of each species, its height, the originality of the leaves, the development phases, and the flowering time. The perfect flower garden should look like an intoxicatingly harmonious ensemble, consisting of "tops", "dry streams", "balls" of succulents, "islands" of hostas and other components.

If the site is uneven, rocky, either will become a “saving” option.

Active recreation area

Its creation depends entirely on the sportiness of the owners and the size of the site.
Compact playing field, simulators for workout, bars, horizontal bars - you can mount anything you want, if the territory allows.

Economic zone

In the economic part of the site "deployed" Summer shower or a bathhouse, sheds, a workshop, a shed with firewood, a compost pit, garbage containers, sometimes a garage.
The economic zone is planned so that it is possible to drive up to it and bring, for example, building materials, fertilizers, without using front doors gate.

You can separate the economic zone from the rest with the help of a wide arsenal of borders - climbing flowers on lattices, trellises with grapes, green hedges, trees, gabions, decorative wattle fences, etc.

Where does the zoning of the site begin?

From the drawing of the territory!
Put on it the existing buildings and objects, designate the sunny and north sides, the presence of hillocks or depressions.

A. Entry zone: main gate, parking, coniferous garden, flower garden. B. Economic zone: utility site, garden, sauna with a terrace, shower, toilet and pantry. B. Residential area: house, terrace, flower garden and ground cover. D. Landscape area: play field, decorative pond, rock garden, bridge, resting place in the shade, barbecue area.

The center of any site is a house, and it should be repelled from it, creating various functional zones. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account not only the entrances and exits, but also the location of the windows, the intensity of the shadow that the house casts on one side or another of the site.

To save space, some zones can be combined into one space: for example, a resting place can be combined with playground, sports corner - with children. On the other hand, you should not combine a recreation area with outbuildings.

Lane marking

This method of land surveying is the simplest, not expensive and feasible for any landowner. It is also good in that it links the site into a single route common to all functional areas.
What should be taken into account?
Appointment and load of alleys and paths. In particular, the pedestrian path from the gate to the house is laid out with colored paving slabs or figured paving stones, and the path for cars is laid out with high-strength slabs or concrete.

The rest of the paths can be covered with pebbles, sand, wooden planks, mosaics; make them rounded, in the form of steps, with gaps ... That is, to use all the resources of your own imagination and artistic taste.

Winding paths, each turn of which opens up a new view of the landscape, visually increase the area of ​​​​the site, add perspective to it.

Practice convinces: competently arrange the site, breaking it into right amount zones, it is possible in any case, with any area, originality of the relief and soil features!

The layout greatly simplifies the subsequent construction works. This allows you to place all the necessary elements for a comfortable stay in a small area. How to arrange it correctly and beautifully can be seen in the photo of the zoning of the site. This will help to correctly divide the territory, taking into account the total area, the location of the house, the number of residents, their interests.

Important parts of the land plot are residential and economic zones. Therefore, their planning is dealt with in the first place. The rest is divided into a garden, vegetable garden, recreation areas.

A well-groomed area, immersed in greenery, will become the pride of the owner.

Plan development

Zoning of the territory depends on the shape of the site, type of relief, terrain features. It is necessary to make a sketch of the plan, while marking the boundaries and objects on paper. When dividing the territory into zones, they are repelled from the house, take into account the entrance to it, windows.

Owners of private households must decide in advance how to zone the site. Initially, they carry out the layout of the front part, having decided on the style.

On paper mark the entrance of the car, paths, flower beds. Also apply the contours of plantations, collectors, lighting.

front area

Such a territory is present in any area. She is given special attention, as she is always in sight. Think in advance about the location of drains and collectors into which rainwater will flow.

To decorate the entrance, ornamental plants are placed along the fence. Provide a platform for the entrance of the car, a path leading to the house. They are combined or separated using a flower garden.

Garden

These components occupy most of the site. Trees are planted with north side so that other cultures have enough sunlight. In a small area among fruit trees and shrubs, you can organize a recreation area.

If space allows, it is better to allocate a separate part for each zone. The modular garden looks great. It will be a wonderful decoration of the site. Shrubs are used for its protection.

Outbuildings and recreation area

It is necessary to take care of the arrangement of the economic part, which includes a greenhouse, sheds, a bathhouse, a garage. Paved paths are suitable for this area. If it is not possible to hide this part, then it is easy to decorate it with the help of different plants.

On the site you can provide a comfortable recreation area. It usually includes a barbecue, a track, a gazebo. It is arranged near the house to provide easy access to the building during feasts and family tea parties.

Hedges

Different plants are often planted at the boundaries of zones. Low hedges look great, for which such plants are used: unpretentious boxwood, beautifully flowering birch-leaved spirea. For the same purpose, annuals can be planted.

Pots of flowers, which are arranged in groups, can serve as a hedge. This option is suitable for small plots. Shrubs are sheared to give them the desired shape. Free-growing plants are suitable for high hedges: Japanese spirea shrubs, New England aster, dahlia.

Screens and arches for zoning

Plants help to make the area beautiful. Screens, arches entwined with perennials will protect the recreation area from the wind and prying eyes. If you plant grapes, you can not only get an excellent hedge, but also reap a good harvest.

Supports are selected according to the size of the plants. With the help of an arch entwined with flowers, they decorate the central gate to the garden, the gate, the playground.

Dividing territory with color

Visual zoning is carried out by planting plants of a certain shade. Red, yellow and orange flowers invigorate, cheer up. Complement the composition with coniferous plants.

For the playground, yellow, orange and blue cultures are suitable. They will attract the attention of little fidgets. For the recreation area choose pastel shades, which will help you relax and gain strength, admiring the beauty of nature.

Zoning by height difference

Raising part of the site, you can get an interesting effect. A practical option would be wood flooring near the pool. Residents country house it will be convenient to rest in a place separated by a raised flower bed, a wall.

If done small garden below the rest of the territory in which to create an artificial reservoir, it is possible to create a special microclimate. This zone will be cooler in the heat, plants grow well in a humid place.

Path paving

There is another way to zoning a site. Paving paths not only helps to facilitate movement around the territory, but also ensures the division of the site into functional elements. The central part of the transport system of homeownership is distinguished by strict outlines.

Garden paths often have winding shapes. They are made from paving slabs, gravel and other materials. Paving sets up residents and guests of the country estate for a leisurely walk.

The area near the pool is equipped with porcelain tiles, porcelain tiles. In the garden or near a picturesque pond, decorative gravel paths are made. Multi-colored paving made of rubber, plastic tiles is suitable for a playground.

Conclusion

On the site, you can use several methods of zoning at once. You need to follow the instructions for zoning the site in order to achieve an excellent result.

Green perennials and bright flowers will help make the landscape unique. To do this, you need to show imagination and spend certain time. You can seek help from professionals who will help you properly zone a suburban area.

Photo of the zoning of the site