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The average annual rate of MSW accumulation. Sanitary passport of public facilities, trade and cultural institutions. Summary sheet of accumulation of municipal solid waste by groups of objects

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MINISTRY OF HOUSING AND UTILITIES OF THE RSFSR
ORDER OF LABOR RED BANNER
ACADEMY OF PUBLIC SERVICES them. K. D. PAMFILOVA

I approve

Deputy Minister of Housing

public utilities of the RSFSR

This is important for the study because people's attitudes towards waste management are questionable. With the establishment of the Metropolitan Waste Management Department and the municipal assemblies, the general public is of the opinion that departments should be solely responsible for waste management. He further noted that the indiscriminate disposal of waste had resulted in the clogging of several constructed drainage channels and natural watercourses with debris and silt that were not regularly removed.

For example, the city of Accra was consumed by waste, with drains and gutters mostly clogged with debris. Edmunson, in his study on waste management in Kumasi, noted that most of the sites used for waste disposal are chosen without regard to the distance that residents need to cover. Thus, he recommended that sanitary sites be indicated next to waste generators. Adelaide also observed that Accra burial sites are located at a sufficient distance from residents or vendors.

A. P. Ivanov

The Department scientific and technical information AKH

Moscow 1982

The recommendations are intended for housing and communal and other organizations that plan and carry out work on the collection, disposal and disposal of solid household waste, determine the need for machines, mechanisms and equipment for this purpose, the capacity of facilities and enterprises for the neutralization and processing of waste.

Thus, it cannot be argued that remote remote places discourage the use of residents and vendors by them. Therefore, they resort to polluting their environment. This may be a factor in the poor sanitation in Nîmes. He also claims that residents, vendors, buyers and industrialists dispose of waste on the street, in troughs and other unauthorized places. He attributes these unacceptable indiscriminate waste habits to the lack of a rejection culture, as well as the inadequacy of waste disposal facilities.

This indicates the importance of the attitude to waste management issues. In addition, Cotton and Ali found that a major barrier to providing toilets in some urban areas is small size area designated for this purpose. They noted that the lack of knowledge on the part of housewives, the inaccessibility of home toilets and a number of other factors are the main reasons for the lack of home latrines. This is not the case in the Ghanaian context, where most low-income settlements in urban centers are unplanned.


The recommendation and indicative norms were developed on the basis of work carried out by the Department of Sanitary Cleaning of Cities of the AKH named after. K.D. Pamfilova (Candidate of Agricultural Sciences A.M. Kuzmenkova, Candidate of Technical Sciences V.V. Raznoshchik) with the participation of the Ural Research Institute of the Academy.

A COMMON PART

1. Work to determine or clarify the norms for the accumulation of solid household waste is carried out by a special commission created by the city, district, regional executive committee. The norms are put into effect on the basis of the decision of the city executive committee.

Asamoah's study showed that the lack of proper sanitary conditions leads to indiscriminate disposal of waste and defecation in places not intended for such purposes. He suggested that large containers should be made available at regular intervals in the Kumasi Metropolis.

Accra is no different from these observations. He suggested that there should be awareness among residents on how to manage household waste and educate them on the dangers that hazardous waste can pose to environment and for themselves. According to Agbol, cultural derivatives, beliefs, perceptions, and attitudes are the scientific answers. Therefore, they can be changed or changed through education. This indicates that people's carefree attitude towards solid waste can be changed for the better through education.

Municipal solid waste, included in the accumulation rate from the population and removed by transport of special auto facilities, includes waste generated in residential buildings including waste from current repair apartments, waste from local heating devices, estimates, fallen leaves, collect from yard areas, and large household items (in the absence of specialized collection systems for bulky waste).

According to Pacey, formal education for women is a prerequisite for changing sanitation behavior. Abankwa found that households with high income and individual dwellings generate an average dry waste of three kilograms per day, while low-income units and composite dwellings generate about five kilograms. Of the five kilograms of trash in low-income units, trash is four points two five kilograms, and trash is zero five kilograms.

Waste invariably consists of items such as vegetables and tubers. It refers to the study of the fact that the area is a low-income settlement. This high amount of waste tells us how important emission reduction is as a waste management technique. Gurlay argued that by focusing on the very manufacturing process By examining where waste is generated and learning how it can be reduced, even simple measures such as separating waste so that it can be reused more easily by using different raw materials or by replacing non-biodegradable products with biodegradable ones can help achieve great waste reduction results.

2. The methodology for determining the norms of accumulation of municipal solid waste is intended to determine the amount of accumulated and actually disposed of waste.


3. The main indicators in determining the norms of waste accumulation are: mass, volume, average density and coefficients of daily uneven accumulation.

He also argued that much of today's waste does not come about because the manufacturer doesn't want it, but because he can't use it, or at least use it in such quantities that waste is unavoidable. This argument focuses on recycling and turning waste into important methods solid waste management.

He further stressed that in some cases the problem with composting could be overcome threefold. Thus, feeding impoverished soils, removing large portions of debris and removing sediment Wastewater can be realized through composting. The solid waste management system of Ghana, and for that matter Accra, lacks most of these benefits due to the inability to obtain incinerators. Gurley noted that major cities collection and removal solid waste is a municipal responsibility, but the actual removal activities are often outsourced to private firms.

4. Accumulation rates are established for residential buildings and for public facilities (both built into them and stand-alone) that have the main specific gravity in the overall balance of waste and exported by special vehicles.

5. Waste accumulation rates are determined: for residential buildings - per person; for cultural and community facilities (hotels, cinemas, etc.) - for one place; for shops and warehouses - per 1 m 2 of retail space.

Despite current individual and government concerns regarding waste management in Ghana, Nima, one of Accra's many suburbs, still faces significant solid waste management challenges. From observations, domestic and municipal solid waste is commonly found in Nîmes. Domestic waste comes from activities such as food preparation and human excreta. Municipal waste is garbage from commercial enterprises, small businesses and households.

These include cans, plastic products and plastic bags. They make up most of the waste seen on the streets, in drainpipes and at the back of houses in Nîmes. Containers for storing solid waste in homes include old buckets, baskets, plastic containers, boxes, bags, and even plastic bags, which in most cases do not have lids. Consequently, the waste is even distributed before it reaches the sanitary sites. Solid waste, when well treated, can be turned into a resource, but much of the waste generated in Nîmes does not appear to be treated in any way until it is finally disposed of.

6. Waste accumulation rates vary depending on the improvement of buildings (heating system, availability of apartment stoves, water supply and sewerage), the availability of separate collection of individual waste components (food waste, waste paper, etc.) and local conditions.

7. With central heating and the use of gas or electricity for cooking, fuel waste in the apartments is completely absent. At the same time, the possibility of burning the combustible part of the waste (paper, cardboard, wood, etc.) is excluded. This increases the volume of waste and reduces their average density.

They are left in heaps for weeks to create unsanitary scenes that smell bad and, worst of all, create sickness. Solid waste generated at Nîmes is most commonly disposed of at open dumps, gutters and at the back of houses, likely due to inadequate solid waste management equipment or long distances to sanitary facilities. People also leave their waste in piles for several days before they finally make it to sanitary sites for disposal.

The problems mentioned above make it clear that the municipal assembly is not in a position to deal with this problem. Based on the above problems, the study pursues the following objectives. Poor attitudes and perceptions of solid waste management have contributed to this problem. The inadequacy and inefficiency of equipment and personnel for solid waste management also contribute to solving the problems of solid waste management. Basic data were collected using structured questionnaires.


8. Lack of sewerage leads to moisture and an increase in the average density and total mass of solid waste. The presence of sewerage allows some of the waste to be discharged through sanitary fixtures, eliminating the increase in moisture content of the waste and leading to a decrease in the mass of the waste and its average density.

9. An increase in the supply of paper and packaging materials (presence of factory and commercial packaging of goods) leads to an increase in the content of packaging materials in waste, a significant increase in their volume and a decrease in average density with a slight increase in the total mass.

The questionnaires contained both closed and open questions and were self-administered. A total of 70 households submitted 70 questionnaires. Secondary data was collected from relevant data sources, including books, magazines, newspapers, and events, published and unpublished.

Fifty-five women and 15 men were interviewed. This allocation was used because it is observed that women, mainly mothers, are responsible for household waste management. Again, solid waste production is at the household level.

10. When collecting individual components as secondary raw materials (food waste, paper, metal, etc.), the amount of exported waste is reduced accordingly. For food waste, weight loss can be over 36 kg per year per person, and for other types of secondary raw materials, weight loss can reach 20 kg per person per year.

11. Climatic and local conditions affect accumulation rates due to different lengths of the heating period (from 150 days in the southern zone to 300 days in the northern zone), the period of sweeping yards and sidewalks (from 150 days in the northern zone to 300 days in the southern zone) , landscaping of microdistricts, as well as the consumption of vegetables and fruits by the population. Depending on local conditions, the cleaned area of ​​courtyards and sidewalks is assumed to be 2-5 m 2 /person, and the area of ​​green spaces - about 4-12 m 2 /person.

To receive additional information conducted personal interviews and observations. To assess whether people's attitudes and perceptions are related to the level of education, 20 people with no formal education were surveyed, and the remaining 50 respondents had some level of education.

Data obtained from various sources were processed and analyzed. The data was analyzed using simple descriptive statistical and analytical tools such as frequencies, percentages, and pie charts. Relationships were established using cross tables.

12. The determination of the norms for the accumulation of municipal solid waste is made separately for buildings with different levels improvement. For field measurements, residential buildings without tenants of two types are allocated: comfortable houses that use gas or electricity for cooking and domestic needs, having water supply, sewerage, central heating; unfurnished houses with stove heating, without running water and sewerage.

Geographical and historical information about the research area

Location and size. Nima is located northeast of Accra city center and four miles away. It extends over an area of ​​about 6 acres of sloping ground. Its longitudinal boundaries are between 0°5 east and 0°20 west. Longitudinally, it lies between 5°35 north and 5°34 south. It is bounded in the west by Mamobi, east of Kanda, north of Kokomleme. and south of Accra New City.

Historical perspective. Nima is an Arabic word meaning "resting place of strangers" and first applied to the area settled by Alhaji Amadou Futa in this community, which grew up primarily as a Zongo. Nima's growth was largely due to the result of Accra's rapid urbanization. As Accra's population began to increase, migratory neighborhoods such as Adabraka, Tudu, and especially Zongo Lane began to gather with newcomers from rural areas and neighboring countries who came to the capital in search of jobs.


13. Sanitary passports are drawn up for the selected objects before measurements, which reflect the number of people living in this household, the number of places (for public facilities - hotels), the degree of improvement of buildings, the area of ​​​​yard territories, including hard-surfaced and occupied green spaces (form 1-2 of the application). In case of separate collection of individual components of waste, their quantity is indicated.

Alhaji Futa's house in Zongo Lane in central Accra has become one of the homes for foreign cities. Alhaji was an eminent cattle trader and Muslim teacher, which made him a person of high status in the Muslim community. Muslim norms of hospitality require that people of such social importance receive strangers and provided them with the necessary assistance either in finding their relatives or in overcoming their immediate problems. Therefore, Alhaji's house attracted many strangers.

As a result, the number of his guests has increased, and this has led to a housing shortage in his complex. Therefore, the solution to this problem was to get out of the city center. He then formally received permission from the Odukpong family in Osu and Gbeze in Accra to settle there. Thus, the Nima community grew out of the Alhaji Futa complex.

SELECTION OF LOTS

14. To determine the actual accumulation of waste generated from the population, areas with the following number of residents are allocated: in cities with a population of up to 300 thousand people. sites are selected with coverage of 2% of the population total number residents for each type of improvement; in cities with a population of 300-500 thousand people. - one %; in cities with a population of more than 500 thousand people. - 0.3%.

15. According to cultural and community facilities, the most characteristic objects for a given city are selected in an amount of at least 2.

16. The collection and measurement of the amount of waste should exclude the mixing of waste from objects of various purposes.

17. When determining the accumulation of waste, it is advisable to use standard containers with a capacity of 0.75 m 3 . In order to more fully account for the generated waste and determine the coefficient of uneven accumulation, it is planned to install additional containers (to be specified during the survey of selected areas). All containers must be completely empty prior to measurement.


18. Accumulation rates are determined by the seasons of the year. Measurements are carried out within 7 days (without a break), regardless of the frequency of waste removal. When determining the accumulation rates, it is necessary to exclude waste compaction in containers by service personnel.

The optimal terms are determined by the accumulation rates: winter - December-January; spring - April; summer - June-July; autumn - September-October.

19. The results of measurements for each object are entered in a special form (form 3 of the appendix).

DETERMINATION OF THE MASS AND VOLUME OF WASTE

20. Determination of the mass and volume of accumulated waste is carried out as follows.

Before installing the container on the machine, the waste is leveled in it, and a measuring ruler (made of wood, painted oil paint; volume divisions are marked on one side, zero coincides with the top of the container) the volume of waste is determined (figure). The mass of accumulated waste is determined by weighing the filled containers with a dynamometer and then subtracting the mass of the empty container. In the case of filling all eight containers in one household, it is allowed to determine the mass of waste by weighing the loaded and empty machine on a truck scale (scale division 10 kg).


where V c.c- daily accumulation of waste, l/person; V o- the volume of waste removed from the object under study for the period of determination, l; n- number of residents, people; a- duration of determination of accumulation rates (7 days);

where G c.c- daily accumulation of waste, kg/person; Go- mass of waste removed from the object under study for the period of determining the standards, kg.

23. The average monthly (seasonal) accumulation of waste is used to calculate the average seasonal and annual indicators waste accumulation, as well as their average density and the highest non-uniformity coefficients (form 5 of the application).

24. Determination of the average daily rate of accumulation per 1 person. in volume terms and by weight is produced according to formulas (3) and (4):


, (3)

where V o- mid-season daily rate accumulation, l/person; h, in, l, about- indices denoting the seasons of the year - winter, spring, summer, autumn; 4 - the number of seasons;

, (4)

where G? - average seasonal daily rate of accumulation, kg/person.

25. Determination of the annual rate of accumulation for 1 person. in volume terms and by weight is produced according to formulas (5) and (6):

V 2 = V ? ? 365, (5)

where V 2 - annual rate of accumulation, l/person; 365 - the number of days in a year;

G 2 = G ? ? 365, (6)

where G 2 - annual rate of accumulation, kg / person.

26. The average density of the waste is determined by the formula (7):

where? - average waste density, kg/l or kg/m 3 .

27. The largest annual coefficients of uneven accumulation of waste in terms of volume and mass are determined by formulas (8) and (9):

where K- coefficient of daily non-uniformity of waste accumulation by volume; V M c.c- the largest daily accumulation of waste, l/person;

where K 1 - coefficient of daily uneven accumulation of waste by weight; G M s.s- the largest daily accumulation of waste, kg/person.

28. In the case of separate collection of individual waste components (food waste, paper, etc.) at selected sites, their amount is added to the received accumulation rates. This ensures the correctness of mutual settlements. For example, the removal of food waste is carried out by special auto farms free of charge, but their amount is taken into account in the general accumulation rates.

29. Processing of data to determine the accumulation of waste is carried out on the same day, but no later than the next day after the measurements, and in case of obtaining doubtful data, measures are taken to determine the reasons for the deviation and eliminate them.

30. It is advisable to carry out work to clarify the norms for the accumulation of municipal solid waste every 5 years.

APPS

Appendix 1

Equipment required to determine the norms for the accumulation of municipal solid waste

1. 1.5 m measuring ruler

2. Automobile scales A-10 with a measurement limit of up to 10 kg, accuracy ± 5 kg

3. Dynamometers for 500 kg, brand DPU-0.5/2, accuracy ±5 kg

Appendix 2

Sanitary passport home ownership

City _______________________

1. Address _________________________________________________________________

2. Floors _______________________________________________________________

3. Number of household ____________________________________________________________

4. Number of residents, people ____________________________________________

5. Level of accomplishment:

a) the presence of water supply, sewerage, gas _____________________________________

b) type of heating (central, stove, local, stoves) (underline)

c) type of fuel - coal (brown, hard, anthracite), firewood, gas, etc. ________________________________________________________________________

d) area of ​​the yard territory, m 2 ___________________________________________

including:

under green spaces _______________________________________

under hard coating ___________________________________________

of which sidewalks __________________________________________________

6. Type of containers, their number and capacity ___________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

7. Frequency of waste removal _____________________________________________

8. Is there a separate collection of food waste and secondary raw materials (what kind and how much) __________________________________________________________________

Annex 3

Sanitary passport of public facilities, trade and cultural institutions

City _______________________

1. Name of the object ____________________________________________________

2. Address _________________________________________________________________

3. Built-in or free-standing (for the latter, indicate the number of floors) ________________________________________________________________________

4. Number of places (for stores, indicate the number of jobs and the presence of departments, for ateliers - the number of orders) _____________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

5. Bandwidth per day:

for entertainment enterprises (number of seats) _______________________________

for enterprises Catering(number of dishes) ________________________________________________________________________

6. Quantity service personnel, pers. _________________________________

7. total area premises, m 2 _____________________________________________

Including:

trading _____________________________________________________________

warehouse and auxiliary _________________________________________________

8. Yard area, m 2 __________________________________________

Including:

under green spaces ___________________________________________

under hard coating _______________________________________________

9. Type of containers, their number and capacity ___________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

10. Frequency of waste removal ____________________________________________

11. Is there a separate collection of food waste and recyclables (what kind and how much) ________________________________________________________________________

Appendix 4

Sheet for primary records for determining the mass and volume of municipal solid waste in containers

Date of measurements

Days of the week

Object name and address

Number of measurement units (persons, places, etc.)

Container number *

Full container capacity, l

Container filling number

Waste volume, l

Weight, kg

Number of the empty container delivered on site (optional)

Collected, kg

Note (the tenant is indicated and whether street estimates are being collected)

container filled

empty container

food waste

secondary raw materials

* Entry in gr. 5-12 is carried out for each container on a separate line.

** Only gr. 4, 8, 11.

Annex 5

Summary sheet of accumulation of municipal solid waste by groups of objects

from __________ to ________________ of the month ____________ 19_________

Type of improvement ____________________

Days of the week

Number of measured units, people, place

Accumulation

Average density, kg / m 3

Total collected, kg

Per 1 measured unit

per 1 measured unit

food waste

recyclables

Monday

Sunday

Average per day

Appendix 6

Consolidated annual statement of the accumulation of municipal solid waste

Level of improvement ____________________

Number of measured units

Waste accumulation

Irregularity coefficient

Separate set, kg

per 1 measured unit per day

For 1 measured unit per day

food waste

recyclables

food waste

recyclables

Average per day

Appendix 7

Table 1

Approximate rates of accumulation of municipal solid waste generated in residential buildings per 1 person. (for integrated calculations and planning)

Classification of residential buildings

Domestic waste accumulation rate

Average density, kg / m 3

Average annual

Average daily (per year)

Average daily (seasonal)

Well-appointed residential buildings (gas, central heating, water supply, sewerage):

when collecting food waste

no selection of food waste

Unfurnished residential buildings (local heating, without water supply and sewerage) without collection of food waste:

communal fund

private sector

Liquid waste from impervious cesspools and non-sewered houses, per 1 person.

table 2

Approximate norms for the accumulation of municipal solid waste from separate public facilities, trade and cultural institutions in the cities of the RSFSR (for integrated calculations and planning)

Waste generation facility

Waste accumulation rate

Average density, kg / m 3

average annual

average daily

Hospitals (for 1 bed)

Polyclinics (for 1 visit)

Hotels (for 1 place)

Dormitories (for 1 place)

in a well-organized fund

in an undeveloped fund

Kindergartens, nurseries (for 1 place)

Schools (per 1 student)

Institutes, technical schools (per 1 student)

Theaters, cinema (for 1 place)

Institutions (per 1 employee)

Restaurants:

for 1 dish

Canteens:

for 1 dish

Grocery stores (per 1 m 2 of retail space)

Manufactured goods stores (per 1 m 2 of retail space)

Sewing atelier (for 1 employee)

Markets (per 1 m 2 of trading space)

Table 3

Increasing the rate of waste accumulation by 1 person. from tenants located in residential buildings

Table 4

Approximate average annual norms for the accumulation of municipal solid waste, taking into account tenants (for cities with a population of more than 100 thousand people)

A common part. one

Site selection. 2

Determination of the mass and volume of waste. 3

Calculation of waste accumulation rates. 4

Applications. 6

Annex 1 Equipment required to determine the norms for the accumulation of municipal solid waste. 6

Annex 2 Sanitary passport of household. 6

Appendix 3 Sanitary passport of public facilities, trade and cultural institutions. 6

Appendix 4 Sheet for primary records for determining the mass and volume of municipal solid waste in containers. 7

Annex 5 Summary sheet of the accumulation of municipal solid waste by groups of objects. 7

Appendix 6 Consolidated annual statement of the accumulation of municipal solid waste. eight

Appendix 7 Approximate norms for the accumulation of municipal solid waste generated in residential buildings per 1 person. eight

MSW accumulation rates - the amount of solid household waste generated per unit of account (housing stock - 1 person or 1 place in a hotel; shops and warehouses - 1 sq.m. of retail space) per unit of time (day, year).

Accumulation rates are measured in units of kg or l, cubic meters.

On the territory of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the total volume of municipal solid waste (MSW) is about 150 million tons. cubic meters or 30 million tons per year.

The main factor influencing the solid waste management strategy of any city is the norms of MSW accumulation. Reliable information on the amount of waste accumulated in the city allows planning the entire technological chain - collection - transport - disposal and disposal of solid waste.

When choosing a method and technology for neutralization and subsequent disposal, it is necessary to obtain complete information about the morphological and elemental composition and properties of solid waste, including thermal engineering. To resolve the issue of the possibility and expediency of the method of biothermal disposal and processing of solid waste, information is needed on the content of organic matter, fertilizer elements, etc.

MSW, included in the accumulation rate from the population and removed by special vehicles, includes waste generated in residential and public buildings (including waste from the current repair of apartments), waste from local heating devices, estimates, fallen leaves collected from yard areas, and large household items in the absence of a specialized bulky waste collection system.

MSW accumulation rates are formed from two sources:

  • residential buildings;
  • institutions and public enterprises
    (catering, educational, entertainment, hotels,
    kindergartens, etc.).

The accumulation rates and composition of MSW are influenced by factors such as the degree of improvement of the housing stock (availability of garbage chutes, gas, water supply, sewerage, heating systems), number of storeys, type of fuel for local heating, development of public catering, trade culture and, no less important, lifestyle and well-being of the population.
In unfurnished residential buildings (with local heating on solid fuel), ash gets into MSW, which sharply increases the rate of accumulation of MSW.

Also important climatic conditions- different duration of the heating period (from 150 days in the southern zone to 300 days in the northern one); consumption of vegetables and fruits by the population, etc. For large cities, the savings rates are somewhat higher than for medium-sized and small cities.

When designing waste processing enterprises, sometimes one has to deal with incorrect norms for the accumulation of solid waste, which leads to underloading of the complex put into operation. That is why it is necessary to take very seriously the need for periodic verification, in each specific region, of the norms for the accumulation of solid waste.

Table 1. Approximate rates of MSW accumulation

Under the well-maintained residential buildings means houses with gas, central heating, plumbing, sewerage.

The accumulation rates of public institutions and enterprises in large cities are 30 ... 50% of the accumulation rates of residential buildings.

For Moscow, in accordance with Decree of the Government of Moscow dated January 12, 1999 N 16 (PPM) “On approval of the norms for the accumulation of household waste and bulky waste”, the following norms are established:
The standard for the accumulation of municipal solid waste per
a resident of Moscow in the amount of 1.31 m3 (262 kg) per year.
The standard for the generation of bulky waste per
a resident of Moscow in the amount of 0.37 m3 (77 kg) per year.

Table 2 shows the norms for the accumulation of MSW from enterprises and organizations of Moscow that have been in force since 01.01.99. In cities smaller than Moscow, the rates of solid waste accumulation from enterprises and organizations may be significantly lower.
Thus, the data in Table. 3.1 and 3.2 can be used in other cities (not for Moscow) only for approximate calculations, since for different cities the accumulation rates vary widely.

It should be noted that the norms of MSW accumulation from trade enterprises, as the number of trade enterprises in the city grows, decrease.

In cities smaller than Moscow, the norms of accumulation of solid waste from enterprises and organizations may also differ significantly.

The actual rates of accumulation of solid waste are determined for each specific city in accordance with the "Recommendations for determining the rates of accumulation of solid waste for cities of the RSFSR".

The determination of the actual rates of accumulation of MSW is carried out for all seasons of the year. To determine the actual accumulation of MSW generated from the population, select areas with the following number of inhabitants:

  • in cities with a population of up to 300 thousand people. - areas with
    coverage of 2% of the population;
  • in cities with a population of 300 ... 500 thousand people. -one %;
  • in cities with a population of more than 500 thousand people. - 0.5%.

For cultural and everyday objects, at least two of the most characteristic objects are selected. Measurements are carried out within seven days (without a break). The mass of accumulated MSW is determined by regular weighing of all containers loaded into the garbage truck. It is allowed to weigh an empty and full garbage truck and determine the volume of all MSW loaded into the truck. When determining the volume of accumulated MSW, it is necessary to check the degree of filling of containers, for which the material in the container is leveled and the height of the free space above the MSW is measured with a rail. During measurements, compaction of solid waste in the container by the maintenance personnel should be excluded.

The norms for the accumulation of solid waste are put into effect on the basis of the decision of local authorities. It is advisable to update the norms of MSW accumulation every 5 years.

The MSW accumulation rate by mass increases within 0.3 ... 0.5% per year, and by volume - 0.5 ... 1.5% per year.

Table 2. MSW accumulation rates from organizations and enterprises in Moscow

Waste generation facility Unit of account Savings rate Density kg / m 3
kg/year m 3 / year
I. Trade enterprises
grocery store For 1 m 2 auction. area 348 1,74 200
supermarket For 1 m 2 auction. area 252 1,40 180
Pavilion For 1 m 2 auction. area 570 2,85 200
Tray For 1 trading place 680 3,40 200
Tent, kiosk For 1 m 2 auction. area 866 5,09 170
Trading from machines for 1 trading place 849 5,30 160
Department store For 1 m 2 auction. area 139 0,77 180
Household goods For 1 m 2 auction. area 206 1,29 160
Supermarket (department store) For 1 m 2 auction. area 157 0,87 180
Food markets For 1 m 2 auction. area 363 1,21 300
Fairs manufactured goods For 1 m 2 auction. area 276 0,99 280
II. Administrative buildings,
institutions, offices
Research institutes, design institutes and design bureaus For 1 employee 156 1,42 110
Sberbanks, banks For 1 employee 75 0,62 120
Post offices For 1 employee 104 0,95 110
Administrative and other institutions, offices For 1 employee 131 1,19 110
III. Medical institutions
Pharmacies For 1 m 2 auction. area 48 0,44 110
Hospitals For 1 bed 402 2,01 200
Polyclinics For 1 visit 12 0,07 170
Sanatoriums, boarding houses For 1 bed 169 1,00 170
IV. Motor transport companies
Auto repair shops For 1 parking space 46 0,22 210
Gas stations For 1 parking space 23 0,11 200
Car parks and car parks For 1 parking space 23 0,11 200
Garages For 1 parking space 22 0,16 140
V. Preschool and educational institutions
Nurseries, kindergartens For 1 place 80 0,40 200
Schools, lyceums, vocational schools Per 1 student 24 0,12 200
Technical schools, universities For 1 student 22 0,11 200
boarding houses Per 1 student 215 1,13 190
VI. Household service enterprises
Repair of household, radio and computer equipment Per 1 m 2 of total area 15 0,07 210
Repair and tailoring Per 1 m 2 of total area 23 0,13 180
Dry cleaners and laundries Per 1 m 2 of total area 20 0,19 105
Hairdressing and beauty salons For 1 seat 32 0,23 140
Hotels, hostels For 1 place 192 1,13 170
Catering establishments (cafes,
restaurants, bars, eateries, etc.)		 For 1 place 215 1,13 190
VII. Cultural and sports
institutions
Clubs, cinemas, concert halls, theaters,
libraries		 For 1 place 27 0,18 150
Sport. arenas, stadiums For 1 place 43 0,26 170
VIII. Passenger companies
transport
Railway and bus stations, airports, river
ports		 For 1 passenger 145 0,80 180

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