1. General part

This manual has been developed on the basis of:

1.1. "Rules technical operation power stations and networks

Russian Federation (UDK621.311.004.24.)”;

1.2. Technical descriptions and operating instructions for the air handling unit

ventilation in the room A.B. (batteries);

1.3. This manual defines the basic provisions for the operation and repair of supply and exhaust ventilation.

1.4. Operation of supply and exhaust ventilation equipment in the premises of A.B. is as follows:

Supervision of the operation of equipment through inspection;

Timely detection of defects and malfunctions of equipment;

Timely repairs and preventive testing of equipment.

1.5. The instruction manual is designed for service staff(operational, operational-repair, repair), trained and possessing the knowledge and skills set out in the regulatory and technical documentation.

1.6. All work is carried out in strict compliance with the "MPOT" in terms of approaching live parts under voltage (tab. 1.1 MPOT).

2. Device

2.1. Premises of A.B. at substations are administered by the substation service.

2.2. The premises where A.B. type SK, Warta, 3 OpzS-150 must be equipped supply and exhaust ventilation.

2.3. Exhaust openings must be able to remove 1/3 of the exhaust air from the upper zone and 2/3 of the air from the lower zone.

2.4. Premises of A.B. equipped with acid batteries must be ventilated to ensure maximum allowable concentration fog of sulfuric acid 1 mg/m3 at the level of 1.5 meters from the floor, the amount of hydrogen is not more than 0.7 by volume.

2.5. In addition, the battery room must be equipped with natural exhaust ventilation, which provides at least one air exchange per hour.

2.6. The door from the battery room to the vestibule and the door from the vestibule to the production room must open outward, and both doors must always be tightly closed so that gases and electrolyte mist do not penetrate from the battery room into other rooms.

2.7. The door of A.B. must have a self-locking lock that can be freely unlocked with inside keyless.

2.8. The switches for the supply and exhaust ventilation of the battery must be located outside, at the entrance to the room.

2.9. Supply and exhaust ventilation of premises A.B. must be installed separately from general ventilation premises.

2.10. The distance from the upper edge of the upper ventilation holes to the ceiling should be no more than 100mm.

2.11. When installing forced exhaust ventilation, the fan must have an explosion-proof design.

2.12. Emission of gases must be carried out through a shaft that rises above the roof of the building by at least 1.5 m. The shaft must be protected from atmospheric precipitation. Inclusion of ventilation in the chimney or common system ventilation of the building is prohibited.

2.13. The suction of gases must be carried out both from the upper and lower parts of the room from the side opposite to the inflow fresh air. If the ceiling has protruding structures or slopes, then provision should be made for extracting air from each compartment, respectively, or from the upper part of the space under the ceiling.

2.14. Metal ventilation ducts should not be located above exposed batteries.

2.15. The use of non-inventory ventilation ducts in battery rooms is not allowed.

2.16. When using electric heating, when taking in outside air at negative temperature measures must be taken to prevent the introduction of sparks through the supply channel.

3. Operation of supply and exhaust ventilation

3.1. During operation, to maintain the supply and exhaust ventilation equipment in good condition the following types of maintenance should be carried out:

Inspections;

Preventive control;

Preventive restoration (repair).

Maintenance and overhaul of equipment are carried out as needed.

3.2. The substation maintenance electrician inspects the supply and exhaust ventilation daily upon acceptance of the shift, and in electrical installations without local operating personnel - once a month.

3.3. Preventive control and preventive restoration (repair) is carried out by trained personnel based on the results of the inspection and identified defects.

3.4. The air flow from the ventilation ducts must not be directed to the surface of the battery electrolyte.

3.5. When the temperature in the room rises, A.B. above +25 C, supply and exhaust ventilation should turn on automatically and turn off at + 20 C.

3.6. In battery rooms, the supply and exhaust ventilation should be turned on before the start of the charge and turned off no earlier than 1.5 hours after the end of the charge.

3.7. Supply and exhaust ventilation during accelerated charging of the battery with increased voltage must be turned on during the entire charging time, while interlocked switching on must be provided charger with supply and exhaust system of A.B. and his automatic shutdown with the fan off.

4. Safety measures during the operation and repair of supply and exhaust ventilation

4.1. During work related to the maintenance and repair of supply and exhaust ventilation, it is necessary to observe measures to prevent damage to the operating personnel. electric shock and obtaining chemical burns, as well as measures to ensure the conditions of explosion and fire safety in the places where supply and exhaust ventilation is located.

4.2. When working in battery rooms with supply and exhaust ventilation, you should always remember that batteries have a very low internal electrical resistance. Therefore, in case of an accidental short circuit, even on one battery cell, large discharge currents occur, which can cause severe burns to personnel, explosion and failure of part or all of the battery.

4.3. In battery rooms, during maintenance and repair of supply and exhaust ventilation, it is prohibited to work in clothing that can accumulate static electricity.

4.4. During work related to the maintenance and repair of supply and exhaust ventilation, if acid or electrolyte splashes on the skin, immediately remove the acid with a swab of cotton wool or gauze, rinse the area with water, then with a 5% solution of baking soda and again with water, if splashes of acid or electrolyte into the eyes, rinse them large quantity water. Acid that gets on clothes is neutralized with a 10% solution of soda ash.

4.5. When working in battery rooms with batteries that are in normal operation (not charging), the use of tools and devices capable of sparking should be allowed at a distance exceeding 0.5 m from the battery cells. Only portable lamps installed in explosion-proof fittings are allowed.

4.6. If it is necessary to carry out work related to welding, soldering, using abrasive or other equipment that can cause sparking in the battery rooms during maintenance and repair of the supply and exhaust ventilation, the battery must be disconnected from the power supply installation and the load for the entire duration of the work, and the room before starting work should be artificially ventilated for an hour.

3.22.1. Ventilation is provided in all industrial and auxiliary buildings, regardless of the degree of air pollution.

3.22.2. Responsible for the normal operation of the vent. installations and their mode of operation in a shift is carried by a senior operator who makes a note about the state of the vent. settings in the shift log. Fans are stopped and started only with the permission of the shift supervisor, with an entry in the rotational log indicating the reasons for stopping or starting. Stopping the ventilation unit for repairs is carried out by written order of the leading process engineer.

3.22.3. In the event of a fire in ventilated rooms, the supply and exhaust ventilation must be immediately turned off. In this case, the supply fan is switched off first.

3.22.4. The doors of the ventilation chambers must be permanently closed. Except for maintenance personnel and repairmen (during the repair period), no one should be allowed into the ventilation chambers.

3.22.5. Newly mounted, as well as after overhaul ventilation units can be put into operation after their continuous operation (run-in) for 7 hours.

3.22.6. Acceptance of newly assembled ventilation units by the installation organization is carried out by a commission appointed by order of the enterprise.

3.22.7. Each ventilation system must have its serial number, passport and maintenance and operation log:

P-1 - supply unit;

B-1 - exhaust unit;

PE-1 - electric motor purge system;

AB-1 - emergency exhaust installation, etc.

3.22.8. Numbers on ventilation systems must be applied with indelible paint. On centrifugal fans - the number is applied on the fan casing, on axial fans - on the side wall of the case or above the fan when the unit is installed on the wall of the room.

3.22.9. Hygiene test and commissioning ventilation systems should be carried out at full technological load of ventilated rooms.

3.22.10. The inclusion of supply and general exchange exhaust units is carried out in 10-15 minutes. before the start of operation of the facility, while first the exhaust and then the supply ventilation units are turned on. The supply and exhaust general exchange ventilation units are switched off after 10-12 minutes. after the completion of the object.

3.22.11. Local exhaust ventilation units turn on in 3-5 minutes. before starting work production equipment and turn off after 3-5 minutes. after finishing work.

3.22.12. The start-up of ventilation units of all types is carried out in the following sequence:

a) check the presence of guards and covers of rotating parts, their correct installation and reliability of fasteners. Availability of grounding of the electric motor, grounding jumpers on soft inserts and fastening of couplings;

b) check the presence of grease in the bearings, if necessary, fill the bearing crankcases with grease;

c) when starting the unit, no extraneous noise, scratches and shocks should be created;

d) the fan is started when the damper on the blower air duct is completely closed;

e) after starting the fan, the gate must be smoothly opened to the required position.

3.22.13. Turning off the vent. systems are produced in the following sequence:

a) turn off the engine;

b) completely close the gate on the fan discharge line;

c) in winter, close the bypass valve on the air heater; in summer, the bypass valve must be fully open.

3.22.14. The supply and general exchange exhaust units are switched off after 10-12 minutes. after the end of the installation.

Previously, the supply air units are turned off, and then the exhaust units.

3.22.15. Local ventilation installations blocked with technological equipment, should work during the entire time of operation of the process equipment.

3.22.16. Operation of ventilation installations.

During operation, maintenance personnel must systematically ensure that the operating fans have the direction of rotation in accordance with the arrows printed on the casings of the electric motors.

Inspect bearings and replenish their lubrication:

When using greases - at least once every 2-4 months.

To perform a complete change of lubricant with flushing of the bearing housing:

When using greases - at least once a year.

The time of replenishment or replacement of lubricant should be recorded in the logbook.

The temperature of the fan bearing housing must not exceed 70 ºС.

Fan suction openings not connected to air ducts must have protective metal grilles with cells 80x80 or 100x100 in size with a rod diameter of 7-11 mm.

External surfaces of fans, electric motors, protective grilles and other ventilation equipment should be systematically cleaned of dust.

Fans located outside buildings should be painted at least once a year (in summer), and those located inside the building - in accordance with the repair schedule.

The operating personnel must systematically check the condition of the air ducts, ensure that the air ducts, air intake and air outlet devices do not have mechanical damage and promptly eliminate the identified damage; bolts on flange connections must be tightened to failure.

Regularly check the tightness of the air ducts.

During the operation of ventilation units, it is necessary to periodically monitor:

a) during the operation of the fan motor;

b) behind the position of throttles and gates on air ducts;

c) for the serviceability of the fences, for the state of the transmission.

3.22.17. Operation of emergency ventilation.

Special attention it is necessary to pay attention to the maintenance of emergency ventilation installations, the purpose of which is to eliminate the created dangerous concentration of vapors and gases in the shortest possible time.

It is not allowed to operate emergency ventilation installations under normal technological conditions.

Emergency ventilation should be interlocked with signaling devices and should automatically turn on from these devices.

In addition to automatic activation, emergency ventilation must also have manual activation.

Emergency ventilation must be in constant readiness and no pre-start inspections or checks are made.

Before accepting a shift, the host must make sure that the emergency fans are in good condition, that they rotate correctly by external inspection and a short start-up. The state of emergency ventilation is recorded every shift in the shift log.

3.22.18. Working email. The fan motor must be switched off immediately in the following cases:

In the presence of smoke or fire from el. engine;

With strong vibration engine;

If a fan malfunction is detected;

With excessive heating of the bearings and the housing of the el. engine.

3.22.19. At emergency stop fan, the shift supervisor immediately informs the management of the installation, production.

Operation of the ventilation unit indoors is carried out to create comfortable and appropriate sanitary requirements air indicators.

For each room or each zone of the room (in the case of large areas for various purposes), where the operation is carried out technical equipment ventilation systems, the optimal parameters of air temperature, its humidity and speed of movement are indicated.

When setting the air parameters, the requirements for the operation of the designed systems and selected ventilation units must be observed.

Instructions for the operation of ventilation and ventilation installations.

The main requirements for the operation of ventilation units are set out in the instructions for the ventilation equipment. Exact adherence to the rules of operation allows access to the use of ventilation units at full capacity. Proper operation of ventilation systems prolongs the life of ventilation system units and reduces the funds spent on maintenance of ventilation systems.

The operating instructions for factory systems do not take into account the specifics of the room where the ventilation devices are installed and used, therefore, engineers and personnel involved in servicing ventilation systems at this enterprise should familiarize themselves with the operating instructions for the systems.

Instruction containing technical points operation of ventilation devices used indoors, should contain requirements for the launch, commissioning and operation of ventilation equipment.

also in operating instructions for ventilation systems, developed or supplemented for employees servicing the ventilation unit at the enterprise, it is necessary to indicate the optimal air parameters for the premises where ventilation is operated. The parameters and amount of supply air in the room (on the basis of these data, the operating instructions are supplemented) are determined for each room on the basis of SNiP 2-33-75, other technical and sanitary-hygienic documentation, as well as the minimum and maximum permitted power specified in the instruction on the use of the ventilation unit.

Commissioning and commissioning of the ventilation system.

The operation of ventilation systems begins with the stage of commissioning of ventilation devices. Commissioning of ventilation units is carried out in premises prepared for testing or in already functioning premises as planned measures for the inspection of the ventilation unit. Also, commissioning of technical systems is carried out after preventive measures, repair of ventilation units, air ducts and other parts of ventilation.

Prior to commissioning, primary tests of ventilation devices (or primary operation of ventilation equipment) are carried out in the process of control and measurement work before installation of ventilation units. These preparations are needed to check the proper operation of the ventilation systems after they are delivered to the installation site.

During the initial testing of ventilation units for readiness for operation, most of the time is taken up by their inspection. When carrying out commissioning activities, attention is paid to the adjustment and testing of the entire ventilation system, including ventilation units, air ducts, and control systems. The purpose of commissioning activities is to bring ventilation systems to their design capacity or to find malfunctions in the operation of the ventilation units themselves or other technical parts of the system.

Additionally, commissioning allows you to determine at what stage of building ventilation systems an error was made - whether it is contained in the ventilation project, whether it was made during the installation of the ventilation unit or an error detected on initial stage operation, is a marriage of the ventilation devices themselves. The consequences of identifying the cause of the error can be very different - from replacing specific equipment of ventilation systems and re-installing installations to making changes to the project and re-equipping the entire site ventilation arrangement premises.

The latter option carries the biggest loss of time and money - you will need to re-select ventilation units, coordinate plans and work on installing a ventilation system, and carry out a new commissioning of ventilation devices.

Completion of commissioning is accompanied by the drawing up of acts on the work done on ventilation, acts on the acceptance of work on the installation of ventilation devices, acts on the commissioning of the ventilation system and passports of ventilation units.

Further operation of the ventilation system.

Even following all the rules of operation, ventilation equipment fails over time. This happens for many reasons:

• gradual clogging of ventilation ducts;
• accumulation of a critical mass of dust in ventilation installations;
• failure of the filters of the ventilation exhaust or supply unit.

The operation of the ventilation unit over time leads to a decrease in its power due to the reasons indicated above. Ventilation equipment works worse and with less power, but even people who permanently live in the room are not able to instantly determine that the ventilation system is out of order.

And in the case of public or industrial premises, the uninterrupted operation of systems is important for maintaining the health of workers and visitors. Deterioration of the operation of the ventilation exhaust system due to long-term operation entails a decrease in the number of removed harmful substances, increasing their concentration in indoor air and causing damage to the respiratory organs of people. Long-term operation in public facilities systems supply ventilation and the gradual deterioration of its work can lead to tragic consequences in the event of a fire or increased smoke, because it is the supply mechanical ventilation system that is responsible for the supply of fresh air.

As a result, the operation of any ventilation devices is associated with the risk of their failure. Proper operation of the units allows longer use of ventilation equipment at full capacity, provided for in the project, but even operation in accordance with the rules does not eliminate the need for maintenance of ventilation systems.

Maintenance of ventilation systems helps return ventilation equipment to its original capacity through activities such as cleaning ventilation (which applies to both ventilation devices and ducts), replacing filters, checking systems for readiness to work in conditions of high smoke, etc.

Servicing ventilation air inlets and exhaust systems allows you to prevent the failure of one unit (or several at once), which will avoid costly repairs - the maintenance of ventilation equipment is more expensive when operating devices of greater power.

And in the case of industrial ventilation devices, timely maintenance of the supply or exhaust unit will avoid stopping the core activities of the enterprise.

This Standard Instruction establishes the requirements for operation, testing, start-up and adjustment of heating and ventilation systems of thermal power plants.

However, after cleaning up and modernizing this instruction a little, we get an excellent instruction for the building.

With the release of this Standard Instruction, the “Typical Instruction for the Operation of Heating and Ventilation Systems of Thermal Power Plants: RD 34.21.527 (Moscow: SPO Soyuztekh energo, 1981).

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

1.1.The Model Instructions deal with general issues for operation, testing, commissioning and adjustment of heating and ventilation systems.

Based on realth A typical instruction should be developed by factory instructions taking into account the local conditions of the TPP.

1.2. Technical solutions, construction and installation works, organization of operation, as well as means of automation of heating and ventilation systems must comply with the requirements of applicable norms, rules, instructions and standards.

1.3.To ensure reliable operation of heating and ventilation systems, it is necessary:

carry out maintenance and scheduled repairs by qualified personneland trained personnel;

periodically conduct tests and, if necessary, adjust for a sanitary and hygienic effect;

carry out periodic monitoring of the state of the air environment in the serviced premises.

1.4. The operation of heating and ventilation systems is carried out by the service of the power plant, which is entrusted with this responsibility in accordance with the approved standard organizational structures and subject to local conditions.

1.5.Repair, modernization or reconstruction of heating and ventilation systems is carried out by the maintenance personnel of the power plant or the relevant subdivision of the power system.

1.6. Work on the adjustment and adjustment of heating and ventilation systems is carried out by the personnel of the power plant or an organization that has a license for these works.

1.7. For the department that carries oute operation of heating and ventilation systems, is assigned:

1.7.1.Drawing up factory instructions, passports for planned warning e diligent repair that.

1.7.2. Participation in the development of the project who-construct who Russian documentation for the reconstruction and modernization of heating and ventilation systems.

1.7. 3.Participation in technical supervision and acceptance of systems for operation after installation, reconstruction and overhaul.

1.7.4. Maintenance of heating and ventilation systems.

1.7.5. Participation in setup , testing and adjustment of heating and ventilation systems.

1.7.6. Control over the state of the air environment.

1.8.At power plants, technical training should be carried out to improve and I qualification of the personnel carrying out the operation whatatz and yu and repair of heating and ventilation systems, and study of safety, industrial sanitation and ecology.

2. ACCEPTANCE OF HEATING AND VENTILATION SYSTEMS IN OPERATION

2 .1. Acceptance of heating and ventilation systems and commissioning after installation, reconstruction and repair is carried out in accordance with the requirements of the current Rules for the technical operation of power plants and networks of the Russian Federation.

2.2. Acceptance of heating and ventilation systems for operation is carried out on the basis of a performance check and test results (hydraulic and thermal tests of the heating system, pre-start testing and adjustment with a comprehensive testing of the ventilation system). At the same time, for heating and ventilation systems, the compliance of the work performed with the project, SNiP 3.05.01-85 “Internal sanitary systems. Rules for the production and acceptance of work", and for ventilation systems, compliance with OKST U- 0 012“Ventilation systems. General requirements».

2. 3.After completion of work on acceptance, the commission draws up an acceptance certificate with an appendix e accepting the following documents:

a set of current executive drawings;

certificates of examination of hidden works and intermediate acceptance of structures;

acts of hydraulic (pneumatic) and thermal tests of the heating system;

acts of pre-launch tests and adjustment of ventilation systems;

passports for each system.

Passports and acts are given in the appendices -.

3. STARTING HEATING AND VENTILATION SYSTEMS

3 .1.Starting heating systems consumption

3 .1.1.Before commissioning heat consumption systems, the following must be checked:

state of insulationheated x buildings (embedding e window densities and doorways, m e st of the passage of communications through the walls of the building, insulated e stairwells etc.);

serviceability of thermal insulation thermal unit, pipelines, valves and equipment and I;

availability and compliancee calculation of limits and powerful diaphragms;

availability and serviceability of control and measuring devices, and in volume and protect them flax devices;

lack of jumperse to between supply and return pipelines t e plov node and in the system eat heat as needed me or their reliable p ep covering;

acc. e compliance with the technical requirements for connecting the equipment of thermal units with water supply and sewerage.

3.2. Water system start e we heat consumption 1

1 Subsystem Hereinafter, the heat consumption is understood as a system that provides for the needs of heating (with the help of yu heating appliances and units), ventilation and air conditioning (air heating in supply systems, air-thermal curtains, heating sections va air conditioners).

3.2.1. Water system start on Yu tea in s e by the following basic operations:

o p emptying from tap water sis topics (filled in during the rinsing or pressings and ) and their filling set Left water or net filling howl not previously filled with water ion systems;

creation of circulation in the system;

starting adjustment.

3.2.2. P e ed filling m system all shut-off and control arms t cheers (with the exception of the first valves of the heating unit from the side of the network) and the air valves at the upper points of the system must be open,the first valves and descenders are closed.

3.2.3. Filling the system should be done by smoothly openinge m first from the side of the network gate valves on the return pipeline floating node. Water supply regulated by the degree of valve opening,should provide complete remote to remove air from the system. At the same time, the pressure return flow t e slat knot from the side of the set and should not decrease by more than 0.03-0.05 MPa (0.3-0.5 kgf / s m 2).

3.2.4. During filling, continuousn o observation of air cranes. Air cocks should be closed as air stops flowing and water supply.

3.2.5. After filling the system and closing the last air cock, the valve on the supply pipeline of the heating unit should be smoothly opened, which creates water circulation in the system.

3.2.6. If there are water flow meters (water meters) on the return pipelines, filling should be done through bypass lines, and in their absence - through an insert installed in place of the water meter. Filling the system through a water meter is prohibited.

3.2.7. If the pressure in the return line of the heating unit is lower than the static pressure in the system, filling must first also be carried out via the return line. At otsat under the influence of the backwater (pressure) regulator on the return line of the heating unit, before filling, a e on the throttle diaphragm, designed to create the necessary back pressure when estimated consumption water in the system. If there is a backwater regulator, it is covered manually.

With the smooth opening of the first valve on the side of the network on the return pipeline of the heating unit, the system is filled up to possible value determined by the pressure in the return pipeline. Further filling is carried out by smoothly opening the valve on the supply pipeline. Before performing this ope radio in the absence of a backwater regulator, the valve on the return pipeline must be closed (not completely).

Slowly open the valve on the supply pipeline until the pressure in the system is equal to the static pressure.,and the appearance of water from the highest air faucet.

The indications of pressure gauges and air valves must be monitored.

Before closing the last air valve, the valve on the supply pipeline is closed and the static pressure in the return pipeline is set using the valve or by adjusting the spring of the pressure regulator; at 0.05 M P a (0.5 kgf / cm 2).

3.2.8. Last e closing the air valve of the gate valve on the supply e m and return pipelines are alternately fully opened,and reverse pressure ub the pipeline must be maintained at a level exceeding the static level by 0.05 MPa (0.5 kgf / cm 2),using a regulator or throttle diaphragm. At the same time, the pressure should not exceed the allowable for this heat exchanger system. consumption.

At m Reading. When using a throttle diaphragm, it must be borne in mind that with its helpYu the specified pressure in the system is ensured only at a constant water flow, for which the throttle diaphragm is designed. With significant operational changes and water consumption in the heating network and local system or at pr e reduction of circulation cannot be pressure required throttle diaphragms.

3.2.9. After creating circulation, the release of air from the air collectors must be repeated everye 2-3 hours until it is completely removed.

3.2 .10 . After turning on the system for full circulation available head (pressure difference e supply and return pipelines) and the water flow at the heating unit must be calculated. With deviations from the calculated head (±20%) and more and water flow (±10%) or more e must be identified and eliminated other of these deviations.

3.2.11. Excess available pressure must be extinguished by auto-regulators or a throttle diaphragm. Extinguish redundantth pressure shutoff valves not allowed.

3.3. Steam system start-up from rebleniya

3.3.1. Starting the steam system includes the following main operations:

emptying the system from condensate or chemically treated water;

heating and purging of the steam pipelines of the system; starting adjustment.

3.3.2. Before launching nd ensa then the wire must be emptied of condensate or chemically treated water that fills the system after flushing or pressure testing and for its conservation.

3.3.3. Before starting the heating of the heat demand system, the drain (vent) cocks must be opened, the steam traps turned off, and the steam pipe drainage at the installation sites of the steam traps must be switched to direct venting to the atmosphere.

Open drain taps must be permanently supervised.

3.3.4. Warming up is carried out by smooth and slow opening of shut-off valves at the heating unit. The heating rate is regulated according to the signs of the appearance of light hydraulic shocks.

3.3.5. In the event of significant hydraulic shocks, the steam supply should be immediately reduced, and in case of frequent and strong hydraulic shocks, immediately stopped until the condensate formed is completely removed from the heated area.

3.3.6. For reliable removal of condensate from the system during heating, excess pressure must be provided.

3.3.7. As the steam pipeline warms up and steam appears from the drains be With water impurities, the drains are closed.

After the drain valves are closed, the condensing devices are switched on and the condensate is discharged in the usual way.

3.3.8. After the end of warming up, in the presence of a slight overpressure, an external inspection of the system is carried out. Identified defects should be eliminated, if possible, without cooling the steam pipelines, but always in the absence of excess pressure, which is achieved by reducing the supply and pair.

If defects are eliminated without coolinge steam lines not possible,completely stop the steam supply to the system and open the drainage devices.

After the elimination of defects, the system must be warmed up again.

3.3.9. The rise in pressure in the system to the working one is carried out full opening stop valves under the following conditions:

pressure in the steam network corresponds to the pressure in the heating system t recovery;

after setting re induction valve for working pressure; if the pressure in the external network is higher than the working pressure in the system.

3.3.10. When the operating pressure is reached, the system must be re-examined and the defects eliminated.

3.3. 11.Heating systems i included after mounting or overhaul, must be purged with steam to remove e ska, scale and other foreign objects.

Purging is carried out by fully opening the exhaust valves to the atmosphere, specially installed in the end parts of the systems. s.

In the absence of special purge devices, purge is carried out through the largest drains.

Notes e: commissioning of pipelines depending on local conditions ite low consuming equipment can be done jointly because the start-up is heat-consuming about the equipment is carried out after the start-up of the distributing pipelines.

3.4. Preparation for work and start-up of ventilation systems

3.4. 1.Before starting up newly installed or long-term inoperative systems e m inspect them.

3.4.2. AT e with non-automated e general exchange e supply and exhaust e ventilation systems should be switched on 10-15 minutes before the start of maintenance work e systems in rooms, while first the exhaust and then the supply systems are turned on.

Disable these systemse we follow in 10-15min after completion of work,at the same time, the supply air is first turned off, and then e m exhaust systems.

3.4.3. Local exhaust ventilation systems are switched on 3-5 minutes before the start of operation of the mechanisms and equipment and I, but off after 3-5 minutes after e completion of work.

3.4.4. When turned on ing and shutting down and automated in e ventilation systems must be guided by the requirements of the project and factory th instructions.

3.4.5. Inclusion e non-automated ventilation ionic with exercising system tsya in the following order:

ube d and to be in the absence of people inside the equipment, in the chambers and air ducts, and also make sure that all doors, az s and hatches are tightly closed;

setting and t total its throttle and rudder in position value corresponding to e mode of operation and period of the year;

close the bypass valve of the heating unit (for cold l one period of the year ) 1 ;

turn on the heaterse coolant installations (for X cold season) 1 ;

open the bypass valve of the heating unit (for te bad season) 1 ;

enable self-cleaningYu moving filters and irrigation chambers;

open the air valve at household 1 ;

turn on the electric motor of the ventilation unit and forand precision wire systems e check the supply air temperature. The temperature should be in established norms ami limit x, in otherwise in e the ventilation unit must be switched off until the cause of the change in temperature is eliminated.

1 Tol b for supply ventilation systems.

3.4.6. In supply systems with recirculation e adjust the pace air supply rate using the ratio of and quality of outdoor and recirculated air. However, not until start kae t supply of outside air in an amount less than specified in the factory instructions.

3.4.7. Shutdown n and e non-automated ventilation systems and stem is carried out in reverse order.

3.4.8. Etc and detection during start-up and shutdown of ventilation systems of malfunctions of equipment, air ducts and building structures, which e interfere with the normal operation of the system e we must take action to eliminate Yu these faults, oh it should be put in the lime ness guide subsection deniya and s e make an appropriate entry in the operation log.

4. OPERATION OF HEATING AND VENTILATION SYSTEMS

4 .1.Ex p luatation of systems consumption

4 .1.1. Operation of heating systems treble nor I have to provide ive:

creation and maintenance e on te plovom node of the estimated flow rate of the coolant with the required e my parameters;

rational use of the coolant (reducedand e to a minimum of heat sweat e p, repairing leaks e k, the use of temperature p er epada);

b e s plovo knot and those consuming equipment.

4 .1.2. Heat consumption per system e we are heat consumption site el e stations in general,as well as heat transfer e la should not exceed the established norms. These values ​​should be controlled by metering and control devices installed at the central t e plovo point (DH P ). At the central heating station, the thermal and hydraulic regimes of the system should also be adjusted heat consumption of the power plant site and their correlation with the presses of the entire heating system.

In these firs according to de the current norms of the technological project of thermal power plants and heat networks th heating network own e these needs of the TPP site should join the general call e water networks through the central heating network. No admission it is possible to attach separate buildings of the TPP site to the conclusions of the main t thermal networks.

4 .1.3. During operation and heat recovery systems it is necessary:

subject to a detailed inspection of the most critical elements of the system (regulating automatic and safety devices, valves, the first ones along the coolant from the side of the heating network, pumps, instrumentation) - at least once a week;

subject to a detailed inspection of the elements of the system hidden from constant observation - at least once a month;

remove air from the systems according to the factory instructions;

clean the outer surface of heat-consuming equipment from dust and dirt;

flush and whether to clean the mud collectors, depending on the degree of contamination, determined th by the difference in pressure gauge readings before and after the mud collectors;

to control the parameters of the heat carrier, the heating of heat-consuming equipment, the air temperature inside the premises, the condition of the insulation of heated premises - daily.

4 .1.4. To reduce heat losses and improve the reliability of the system, constant monitoring of the state of thermal insulation of pipelines, equipment and fittings of the heating unit and the heat consumption system should be carried out, especially in places where the possibility of freezing of the coolant is not excluded (stairwells, basements, passages through unheated rooms, etc.). .d.).

Damage to thermal insulation in such places must be repaired immediately.

4 .1.5. During bypasses of thermal units and heat consumption systems, control over the density of pipelines, fittings and heat-consuming equipment should be carried out.

Leaks that do not require stopping and emptying the system are eliminated immediately. At the same time, tightening the bolts of flange connections is cast ironth fittings are allowed to be produced at a coolant temperature not higher than 90 °C. Pull up if necessary Ivan and i bolts at higher temperatures, the coolant pressure should not exceed 0.29 MPa (3 kgf / s m 2).

The elimination of leaks in control and measuring equipment should be carried out at a pressure not exceeding 0.29 MPa (3 kgf / cm 2 ).

4 .1.6. N tightness, which may interfere with the normal operation of the system bad as needed me or create dangerous conditions for staff,elimination of which during work e systems is impossible, are eliminated after e stop and empty e system. At the same time, m er to ensure nia normal temperature in pom opinions.

4 .1.7.According to the indications of the control e measuring instruments should be checked with and e actual p e bench work calculated.

4.1.8. Control-isme measuring instruments must be in good working order, have seals and valid calibration marks.

The devices mustProvide measured value of parameters in the possible range their changes and with an error, not beyond the required limits.

4 .1.nine. Heat carrier consumption per separate Yu heating system consumption or heat dissipation running equipment should not exceed normal values.

For water systems, this has reachede tsya setting automatic regulators (flow,pressure) or by installing throttle arrange th STV (diaphragms or nozzles),calculated on extinguished ie all excess pressure.

For steam systemse steam flow after the pressure reducing valve must be e to meet the working pressure Yu for this system. Adjustment P stop valves are not allowed.

4 .1.10. Control over the flow of the coolant should be carried out according to the flow eram at heat units, not equipped with flow erami, heat carrier consumption la can be controlled by value pressure loss in the throttle linen device.

4. 1.11.Water temperature , heat entering the system on demand I must match b accepted temperature graph ku heat supply regulation (permissible ±2° WITH). Average daily temperature water returned from the heating system treblen and i, should not exceed the specified value by more than 2 ° С;

temperature of direct network water (according to the schedule for industrial premises 70-135 °С, for administrative and amenity premises 7 0-105 °С depending on the outdoor temperature);

graphs of temperatures of direct and return water depending on or outdoor temperatures should correspond to the climatic zone.

4 .1.12. In operation mode and pressure in the return pipeline (for a water heating system treble n and external heat network) should be higher than the static one by 0.05 M Pa (0.5 kgf / cm 2), but n e must exceed the permissible operating pressure for the individual elements tov s and heat consumption systems.

4 .1.13. Heat consumption in water systems ia at temp e coolant temperature above 100° With the pressure at the high points must be higher e calculated, but emmen her than 0.05 MPa (0.5 kgf/cm 2 ). These measures are necessary to prevent the boiling of water during the calculated and temperature of the heating medium.

4. 1.14. Maximum e and minimum pressure values ​​for a given system should be marked in red p lawsuits.

4 .1.15. Starting, stopping or changing the mode of the heat consumption system should be carried out slowly, acting alternately with valves on the supply and return pipes. ub piping of the heating unit, while the pressure values ​​on the pressure gauge of the return pipeline must be within acceptable limits (see paragraphs 4.1.12 and 4.1.13).

If there is no danger of pressure changes, switch offpro and is started by successive closing of valves first on the supply pipe ub wire, then on the return. Turn on e systems in reverse order.

4.1.16. When bypassing heating systems t connection with mixing device property (elevator, see pump niya) it is necessary to monitor the actual t temp e the schedule of this system, which must not exceed the calculated value. It is not allowed to operate such systems without a nozzle or with a nozzle with an increased diameter, with a faulty or stopped pump.

Mixing ratio can be controlled by temperature valuest water leaks in the supply or return pipeline.

4 .1.17. During operation, it is necessary to and for uniform heating of heat treblya yu current equipment.

Uneven heating give:

insufficient pressure in the heating unit;

cover or faulty valves;

m e internal blockages;

air in pipelines and devices;

incorrect adjustment with and systems of consumption.

4 .1.18. Heat consumption systems providing standby heating, incl. Yu are put into operation during a long shutdown of heat-generating equipment and to achieve the required microclimate conditions, help even at tem perature outdoor air urea is lower than calculated.

The minimum flow rate of the coolant in the standby heating system should keep it ready for operation and exclude the possibility of freezing of the coolant.

4.1.19. When the electric motors of the air handling units are turned off and theand and the supply of coolant to the heaters, the possibility of freezing of the heaters must be excluded.

Turning on the electric motors air curtains should be interlocked with the opening of the openings they serve.

4.1.20. During operation, it is not allowed to connect different types of th e pla to the same e branches of internal wiring.

4 .1. 21.Inspection, cleaning and lubrication of the rubbing parts of the control devices should be carried out as necessary and according to the approved schedule.

4.1.22. When bypassing heat consumption systems, it is necessary to monitor the serviceability of the lighting of heating points, to prevent cluttere plov points by foreign objects etami.

4 .1.23. All identified defects and shortcomings must be fixed and log in the operating log of the heating system consumption (pr and position) with notes on their elimination. The journal should e periodically viewed by the guide and m engineering and technical staff.

4.2. Operation of ventilation systems

4.2 .1.The operating mode of each ventilation system ist e we are determined by the factory manual, this Standard and instruction, OKST U-0012 “Ventilation systems. General requirements” and local conditions.

4.2.2. The operating personnel must carry outn troll at work and technical condition ventilation systems.

4.2.3. Each in e the ventilation unit is assigned the condition in new designation and serial number in the project, which should n be n a carried by a bright nema vaemo th paint on a prominent m es those.

4.2.4. The doors of the chambers in which the ventilation equipment is installed must be hermetically closed and locked.

4.2.5. All ventilation equipment must be periodically cleaned of dust.

4.2.6. When about x ode hnneobhod imo follow:

b e with the noise of the systems;

cash and h and Eat and serviceability of the fences of the suction cartridges ubkov;

condition of soft inserts and in and valve bases;

over e the importance of grounding the ventilation and electrical sky equipment.

4.2.7. Cleansing caloriesdust filters next it is blowing to produce pneumatically (compressed air), and in case of compacted dust deposits - hydropneumatically or steam purge.

4.2.8. Heater n installations and flange connections following e t inspect and upon detection Leaks or vapors immediately no to eliminate them.

4.2.9. Gaps between air heaters of supply devices, a t well e between the heaters and building structures must be carefully sealed.

4.2 .10. Turning on, off and operation of air heaters are carried out in accordance with Sec. of this Model Instruction.

4.2.11. During the operation of irrigation chambers, it is necessary at least once a month:

check the correct operation of the injectors and, if necessary, ochand spare them;

check the tightness of the connection of water pipes;

purify internal surfaces chambers and plates of separators from pollution;

clean the water filter mesh;

check serviceability ball valve and ensure the maintenance of a given constantat level in the pallet;

check the serviceability of lighting fixtures;

check the tightness of the vestibule of the chamber doorss.

4.2 .12. The oil in the oil filter should be changed after the resistance of the dirty filter has increased by 50% compared to the resistance of the clean filter.

4.2 .13.Filter panels should be washed once every six months 10 % s m with a solution of caustic soda, heated to a temperature of 65 ° C, from the oil bath of the filter (previously freed from oil) within 3 hours after that, the solution must be drained, panels and rinse bath hot th water th under pressure, then fill the bath with clean oil. To avoid corrosion, do not long time leave panels b e from oil coating.

4.2 .14. When changing the oil, it is necessary to lubricate the bearings with nigrol in e blowing rolls.

4.2 .15. When walking around, you need to watch out for:

strength of air duct structures, damage should note m e to be eliminated for a long time;

flange connections, the bolts must be tightened to failure, and the bolt nuts are located on one side of the flange connection;

throttling devices fixed in positionand yakh, fixed when adjusting the settings;

lubrication of swivel joints;

density of closing of operational openings in the airX gadflies, as well as the door e th and hatches in e ventilation chambers during operation t e ventilation s and stems.

4.2 .16. If necessary and replacement of gaskets between flanges of steel ducts; newly installed gaskets must fit snugly over the entire plane of each flange. When choosing materials for gaskets, follow the design guidelines or current regulations. and.

4.2.17. Maintenance of automatic control devicesI operation of ventilation units:

4.2.17 .1. Checking the health and accuracy of the sensors, command devices, actuators should be carried out according to the schedule.

4.2 .17.2. Electrical and pneumatic systems automatic regulation and i must be operated in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

4.2 .17.3. To ensure reliable operation of the ventilation X systems need to be monitored:

blocking the operation of local exhaust installations with the operation of serviced or process equipment;

blocking the operation of the valves of the air ducts with the operation of the fans.

4.2 .18. Operating mode a uh rac and is he us x devices factory installed th instructions separately for each production premises depending on the technological process and the period of the year.

4.2.19. Operation of ventilation systems of premises within sp s fire hazardous s m and productions:

4.2 .19 .1.Technological equipment in the premises may only be put into operation after the ventilation systems have been accepted into operation.

4.2.19.2. Detailed instructions for the operation of ventilation systems, taking into account the specifics of production, should be given in the factory manual.

4.2 .19.3. R e installation of ventilation systems e m should be done along the way. K r e installation work can be attractive e organization members,them e Yusch and e license for this type of d e activities.

4.2 .19.4. Repair schedules in e ntilac and systems should be compiled taking into account e volume r e work bench t e technological equipment. Before pr e r e assembly work requires cleaning from dirt and explosive deposits.

4.2 .19. 5.M e one hundred passages of air ducts through the fences must be tightly and firmly back e lans.

4.2.19.6. Ogn no hell erzh and wa Yu sch ie valves should be periodically inspected, cleaned of dirt. All slums e All parts must be lubricated.

4.2 .19. 7.In the event of a fire in the room, all ventilation systems must be turned off in accordance with SNiP 2.04.05-91, and valves and gates must be closed.

4.2.19.8. The operating conditions of these systems must be agreed with the fire inspection or sanitary and epidemiological station.

4.2 .19.9. All detected malfunctions must be recorded in the ventilation system operation log (appendix) or in the passport (see appendix).

5. TESTING HEATING AND VENTILATION SYSTEMS

5 .1.Testing of heating systems t reblen and I

5 .1.1.Sist e we are warm P about t reble neither i are subjected to hydraulic and thermal tests.

5 .1.2. Hydraulic testing (pressure testing) is carried out to determine the density and mechanical strength of pipelines, fittings and those P lo P about t I'm fucking more equipment.

Gand drastic tests are carried out:

for re-smon tested systems - when they are accepted for ex plu atation;

for systems in operation - annually after the end of heating season to detect defectsthem eliminated e niyu during repairs, as well as e P e will heat up before the start e season regardless of wire and wounded e opres co in to or remon that.

5 .1.3.Hydraulic testing of water systems e m warmly tr eblen and i is carried out with a pressure equal to 1.25 working pressure, but not lower e:

for control units and water heaterth heating systems - 0.98 MPa (10 kgf/cm 2);

for underground pipelines after heating points - 1,18MP a ( 12 kgf / cm 2);

for systems with cast iron heaters - 0.74MP a (7.5 kgf/cm 2)at the lowest point of the system, with registers made of smooth pipes - 0.98 MPa (10 kgf/cm 2);

for system heaterse m of heating and ventilation - depending on the operating pressure established by the technical conditions and I m and manufacturer.

5 .1.4. Steam heating systems t Reflexes are tested:

at operating pressure up to 0.068 MPa (0.7 kgf/cm 2)- pressure e m 0.24 MPa (2.5 kgf/cm 2)at the top of the system;

at an operating pressure of more than 0.068 MPa (0.7 kgf / cm 2 )- pressure equal to the working,plus 0,1MPa(1kgf/cm 2 ), but not less than 0.29 MPa (3 kgf/cm 2)at the top of the system.

5.1.5. The density of the heat unit and the heat consumption system must be checked at positive temperatures.that outside air. With tempera t ur e lower e 0 °С density can e ryat b only to exclude e lnyh cases. Tempera t ur a placed inside and I while it should be e below 5 °C.

5 .1.6. The hydraulic test is carried out in the next row:

heating system fillinge tsya water with a temperature not higher than 45° C and completely at further t air through air at hosp oral devices in e rhn and x points;

the pressure is brought to the operating pressure and maintained for a period of time,necessary for a thorough inspection of all welded and flanged joints, equipment, fittings, etc., but not less than 10 minutes;

e if during 10mines, no defects (cracks, fistulas, leaks) are detected, pressure and e is brought to the test specified in paragraphs. 5.1.3 and 5.1.4.

5 .1.7. G and dravlich e test e different system equipment is carried out separately.

5.1.8. Re result a you are a hydra in personally tested and I am considered satisfactory and if during their implementation:

in welds, pipes, flanges, fittingsand etc. n e discovered e us t e chi-silt and sweating;

in water and steam systemse max heat P about t reblen and i (heating and ventilation) in tech e 5 min fall e pressure did not exceed 0.02 M P a (0.2 kgf/s m 2 ).

5 .1.nine. Hydraulic testing of heating and ventilation systems can be replaced by pneumatic testing. At the same time, fall e pressure reduction e niya n e must exceed 0.01 MPa (0.1 kgf/cm 2)while maintaining the test pressure for e 5 min.

5 .1.10.T e pilaf e systems testing is carried out to establish equal e warm-up then P and ve n t and lats and this equipment.

The thermal test is carried outand positive tempera t water pressure in the supply pipeline is not lower than 60 °C. When negative e flax t e mp e outdoor air temperature test e about in one and tsya with acc. e current pace e those m pen tour coolant and calculated value e flow (pressure).

When aboutt with utst wii in t e plo e vr e years of heat sources t en lovo e and tests e held last e Full construction e connection of the system to the heat source.

5.1.11.T e pilaf e is P heating systems e niya is carried out in t e 7 h, while e rya e tsya (to the touch) uniformity of heating in and appliances and produced by e about X dymaya r e adjustment.

5.2. Trialand adjustment of ventilation systems

5.2 .1. Vent tests and lats and with and systems are carried out to determine their compliance with the project at and there are two types: pre-launch and control.

5.2.2. Pre-start tests are carried out by the commissioning organization after completionand i mounting and pre-running and ventilation systems s. At the same time, compliance with the design data is checked (see appendix e neither e ).

5.2.3. Control tests of ventilation systems are carried out in percente ce exploitation and and not r e same once a year, and a also after a major overhaul or reconstruction of ventilation X syst e m, or with deterioration e neither and indoor microclimate e ny (see appendix).

5.2.4. Adjustment of ventilation systems is carried out according to pe test results and must ensure compliance with the valid and operating mode as designed and foreseen e project distribution e supply or exhaust air through a duct network.

5.2.5. Amount of airat ha, moving through the duct network, is regulated using diaphragms or other devices installed between the flanges.

6. ADJUSTMENT OF VENTILATION SYSTEMS

6 .1.H aladka in e ntilac and with and The system includes a set of measures aimed at e data on dows e den ie ventilation performance indicators and systems to pro e ktnyh (air flow and produces e flax and vent and lyator). In percent e ce adjustment zapol n I e Passport t ventilation th systems (see appendix).

6.2. When adjusting by air volume in accordance with SNiP 3.05.01-85, the following are allowede blowing deviations from design yes n nyh:

on the mainh network installations, as well as for local ventilation and with and st e m - no more±10 %;

for airX a passing through Zdu hopr and e m n s e and air at distributing and e holes, - no more than ± 20%.

6. 3.When prov e when adjusting the ventilation system using wow are as follows e instruments, anemometers (cup and kr s cubs th , micromanometer, psychrometer, tachometer, Pitot tube and rubber hoses for micromanometer).

6.4. The final setup data is written toP passport, which is then surrendered to the operational e personnel.

7. FLUSHING THE HEAT CONSUMPTION SYSTEMS

7 .1.Flushing of systems is carried out e used to remove sand, scale and corrosion products.

7.2. Flushing is carried out without fail after installation or capital repair.e monta before included and eat syst e m in operation.

During the operation of the systeme we are washed as needed and bridges, but e R e or once every two years.

7.3. Water systems & con de n sa then the wire s steam systems e m recommend e it is necessary to flush in a hydropneumatic way, i.e. water with compressed air,guided by the methodology,given in the "Instructions for the operation of thermal e t e y" (M.:Energy, 1972).

When ne possibilities of e Denia g and drop not wmat and Che with to th rinsing and rinsing and syst e we only water speed after e days should be 3-5 times higher than the operating and onnuyu.

7.4. For flushing withand Stem warmly t reble neither i used tech and h e skye or tap water.

7.5. Washing is carried out until completely clear.e washing water.

7.6. In open systems, heat supplyand I am the ultimate prom in ka is produced by water suitable for and tya,to dost and showing t barely th , satisfies e creating sanitary standards.

7.7. For condensatethen wires should be flushed after filling the system with condensate or chemically treated deaerated water. Control flushing is carried out until the quality of the discharged water is achieved, corresponding to established requirements depending on the scheme and the use of condensate, which is checked by chemical analyzes of the source and discharged water.

7.8. After the flushing of the system is completed,t reblen and i must be filled with chemically purified deaerated water (cond e nsatom) corresponding e go quality e stva.

8. ADJUSTMENT OF HEAT CONSUMPTION SYSTEMS

8 .1. The tasks of setting up heat consumption systems are:

distribution of the heat carrier between the heatt I'm fucking sch their equipment in strict accordance with its design heat load;

provision of design air temperatures in the premises (orand identification and elimination of the reasons that do not allow to provide the specified conditions);

aboute sintering over e well n oh and b e safe operation of the system e m.

8.2. H debugging department e lny system of heat consumption is possible pr and the condition of ensuring the specified parameters t at the thermal input e carrier - pressure e n and i in the supply and return pipeline x and t e mp e ra t water supply l and n ai for a water system of heat consumption, pressure and steam temperature - for a steam system.

If these conditionsand i are not observed due to the unsatisfactory mode of operation of the external (in relation to e connection to the heat consumption system) thermal e ty, it is necessary to carry out a set of adjustment works, covering the heat source, heat networks and heat consumption systems.

8.3. Adjustment of heat consumption systems consists of three stages:

development of measures to ensure the requirements of clause 7.1, based on the results of the survey and the calculations;

implementation of the developed activities;

heating system adjustmentt reblen and I.

8.4. Event development includes:

identification of design flawsand I,installation and operation and by examination;

clarification of schemes of heat consumption systems;

clarificatione neither e or define e l e estimated t e flat loads of heating and ventilation l I qi about nn th equipped and I;

otse NKU hydraulic characteristics of pipelines according to operation at a t action n ym dan n silt and results d and drawl and ic ic torture a ny in separate sections to determine the actual throughput with P features of pipelines;

linkingat heat release modes m e waiting for an external heating network and a heat consumption system;

defe division of the estimated coolant flow rates and calculation of distribution pipes P system wires (at n e necessities).

P ri m eating n ie. Under calculationtn races X ode is understood as water consumption in s and the system is warm P waste neither me or on a separate heat P waste Yusch her equipment,provide e keeping up with a given topic P vacation control schedule t heat and required indoor air temperatures;

calculation of throttling devices (diaphragms and elevator nozzles) or development of cxe m automatic control for the thermal unit and heat t cutting equipment;

composede neither e list m e hostility,n e needed to make the adjustment.

8. 5.To adjustment with and st e we t e P lo P about t reble neither i pr and step foot e completed e of all developed measures and eliminated and I revealed e these shortcomings.

8.6. Etc and R e hum and with and st e we heat consumption on the basis of comparison in linen and i fuck t ichesk and x and design modes of operation of a separate heat-consuming equipment in en and me and sun e th syst e we are in e scrap produced I corr e quotation from in choke devices or setting automatic e ski regula t orov.

8.7. When adjusting the water system, the heatt sl e blowing lead and in line with estimated and actual costs d s water. The degree of compliance of costs is determined by the difference in water temperatures in the heat source. t operating equipment and the entire system.

Smaller differential te mpera that p generally indicates bo eh our water consumption and respectively, if and adjustment is carried out in lyatsya with the help of throttle devices, for more th d and ame tr holes throttle device. Greater temperature difference t ur indicates a lower water flow and, accordingly, a smaller diameter e tr resp e rstia.

8.8. As a result of the adjustment, the calculationno room air temperature e calculations subject to the calculated X water consumption.

If, while the actual flow rates of the coolant correspond to the calculated ones, the required air temperature is not provided,uh t o indicates a discrepancy between the installed load surface e wa warmly t eram premises. In this case, one must take t measures to insulate rooms, increase or decrease the heating surface sch existing heat t boy Yu current equipment about change, change in coolant flow and etc.

8.9. In steam heat consumption systems, when adjusting, it is necessary to ensure the steam flow for individual heat supply systems.and eat neither cam according to and with and x thermal load. This is achieved by setting pressure regulators (reducers), and for consumers with constant expense couple, moreover,throttle installation X devices designed for hash e excess pressure. Etc and it should about e sinter full steam condensation and n e steam slips into the condensate should be observed wow line.

9. REPAIR OF HEATING AND VENTILATION SYSTEMS

9 .1.Planned warning system and overhaul foreseen t Riva e t current and to a P and talny p e mounts syst e m of heating and ventilation and their tech and medical service.

9.2. Overhaul of heating and ventilation systemsand is designed to restore their serviceability and ensure reliable and economical operation during the overhaul period.

During the overhaul, a detailed inspection, disassembly,checking, measuring, testing, adjusting, eliminating def e kyty, worn elements are replaced or restored and nodes,implementing e tsya reconstruction and mod e rnization system e m in order to improve their reliability and efficiency.

9.3. Current repairs are carried out in order to restore working capacityt and equipment.

During the current repair, inspection, cleaning are carried out,seal,adjustment and repair of individual components and elements and are eliminated for e effects,identified n s during operation.

9.4. The scope of repair is determined by the list of main works, operation data, test results, as well as defects detectede data during maintenance, and plans for reconstruction and mod e heating systems e niya and ventilation.

9.5. Faults identified during operation, depending on their nature and degree of impact on reliability, be safety and economy of work s heating and ventilation systems should be eliminated e for a long time or, if possible, in the period between successive e tabernacles and or major repairs.

9.6. In winter, heating systemst reblen and i for routine repairs and troubleshooting can be turned off e us at t e mp e outdoor air temperature not lower than -15° C for up to 4 hours.

Turn off heat consumption systems whene e low tempera that outside air is allowed only in emergency cases X .

9.7. Heating systems repaire and in e ventilation is repaired tn th subsection e laziness e m of power plant or with e cn e socialized contractor.

9.8. Re mont syst e m heating e and ventilation and must be carried out according to the schedule approved by the chief engineer of the electrical t a nations.

9.9. Current repair of heating systemsfrom regeneration should be carried out at least once a year, as a rule, in summer period and end no later than 15 days before the start of the heating season.

9 .10. The list of main works and the timing of current and major repairs of heat consumption systems are given in the appendices,. In the appendices - a list of works performed during scheduled inspections, current and capital X repairs, as well as the structure and duration of repair cycles and overhaul periods for ventilation systems.

10. SAFETY

10 .1. Safe operation heating and ventilation systems must be ensured by compliance with the requirements of the current rules of technical operation, building codes and rights and l, Gosgortekhn rules d dawn of Russia, sanitary norms and rules and other normative technical and ical documents.

10.2.Techn and maintenance service and vaning, adjustment, adjustment and repair of heating systems and ventilation and and must be carried out in accordance with current rules safety technology.

10.3. When carrying out work related to the maintenanceat well and wa neither we eat and repair pipelines, thermal units, heat exchange n n s x devices and rotating mechanisms, with testing and start-up of water and steam systems, should be guided by the appropriate e relevant sections of the current Rules of Technology b e safety when operating with heat e khanich e electrical equipment e ktrostantsii and thermal networks.

10.4. When servicing and repairing electric motors and devices under voltage, the following rules must be observed.e compliance with the current Safety Regulations during operation and and electrical installations.

10.5. When servicingand , testing, adjustment and repair of heating systems and ventilation pro and production premises should s comply with the requirements of the safety regulations in force in these production facilities.

10.6. When third-party organizations carry out construction, installation, repair and adjustment work on heating and ventilation systems at power plants, coordinated safety measures must be developed, promsanand tar and and and vzr s fire safety, taking into account and cooperation of construction, installation, commissioning, repair and operating personnel, which are approved by the chief engineer of power plants.

10.7. Along the way, the following are performedand e types of work in heating and ventilation systems:

repair of pipelines and armort ur (except for work on heat pipelines that are disconnected for the summer period, if there are no other conditions requiring an order to be issued);

repair of pumps and other rotating mechanisms;

gas-electric welding works on the equipment;

work in places hazardous in relation to gas contamination, vzrs fire hazardous sti and electric shock;

application of anti-corrosion coatings in chambers and channels with compositions containing combustible and harmful substances;

thermal insulation work on hot surfaces and in the immediate vicinitye no proximity to them;

will preparee lnye work in the area of ​​operating equipment;

installation and removal of plugs on pipelines;

tie-in sleeves and sht fittings for instruments, installation and removal of measuring diaphragms of flowmeters;

work in wells, tunnels, reservoirs, tanks;

chemical cleaning of equipment;

teste on calculation e tno e pressure e and calculated coolant temperature;

gi drop not wmat and ches to th flushing of pipelines;

work,performing e with full, partial stress relief or without stress relief near and on then koved at sch and x live parts e niem;

assembly and disassembly of scaffolding and fixtures.

Depending on local conditionsand th in the list of works performed I given by outfits can be included additional work , the list of which is approved by the chief engineer of the electric station n tions.

10.8. Measures for te hnik e safety, the observance of which is necessary when servicing the system e m of heating and ventilation and then P ite flax-ve n t and lats and about nn th equipment should be and in e d en s in the factory operating instructions.

11. TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION

11.1.Upon acceptance of heating and ventilation systems for operation after installation, the following documentation must be drawn up and transferred to the customer (operating organization):

acts of acceptance of systems into operation;

adjusted in the process of buildinge flattery, installation and cash d ki project documentation(blueprints, explanatory notes and instructions, logs of work performance and architectural supervision);

acts of acceptance of hidden works;

acts of hydraulic (pneumatic) and thermal testsuy heat consumption systems neither I;

acts on resultse commissioning tests and adjustments and ventilation and air conditioning systems;

passports forand heating and ventilation systems;

factory documentation (andn structures, drawings, cx e we,passports of equipment, automation means and etc.).

11.2. When operating the system e m of heating and ventilation neo b we want to have:

passports of the established form for thermal units,syst e we t e P lopo t reblen and me and ventilation units and with protocols and Act a mi inspections and repairs;

working helle zhi equipment;

executive diagrams of the thermal unit and pipelines with numberinge th armat at ry and equipment, arrangement of instrumentation and automation;

logs of operation of heating and ventilation systems;

factory operating instructions for heating systemst reble neither i and ventilation;

officialsei operating personnel instructions.

11.3. Factory instructions must contain:

brief description withand systems or equipment;

start order,shutdown and maintenance during normal operation and m e ry taken during emergency r e presses;

procedure for admission to inspection, repair and testingand pit system or equipment;

tre safety and explosion s fire safety,specific to a given system or installation.

11.4. The factory instructions for the operation of heating and ventilation systems should reflect the specific actions of personnel to eliminate system malfunctions, taking into account their nature. e ra and place of occurrence, the purpose of the serviced premises, the degree of influence of malfunctions on the performance of process equipment and the safety of the maintenance personnel.

The main malfunctions of heating and ventilation systems and their causese us in the app.

11.5. When carrying out scheduled preventive repairs, the following documentation should be drawn up:

annuale them e monthly plans for the repair of heating and ventilation systems ai ;

statements of defects and scope of work, estimates (if necessary);

graphand to held and me and the repair organization project;

necessary repair documentation; when carrying out work on reconstruction or modernization - approvede this technical documentation.

Appendix 1

PASSPORT OF THE HEAT CONSUMPTION SYSTEM

namee power plants ______________________________________________ Namedand e heat consumption e beater and number on the diagram _________________________ Power on date _______________ Power supply from camera (spot) No. _________________ Inlet diameter ______________________ mm. Input length _____________________m . Geodetic input mark _________________ m. Building volumeand i _____________ m 3 . Hight a (number of floors) ________________ m. Coolant ____________________________________________________________ Options _______________________________________________________________ System capacity __________ m 3 . Design loadsincluding air conditioning
Hot water supply and e (technological n at wait)

Characteristics of pipelines and fittings of a thermal unit and a heat consumption system

Name	Pipelines		Gate valves			check valves			Air bleeders
	Diameter, mm	Total length, m	Scheme number	Type	Diameter, mm	Type	Diameter, mm	Quantity, pcs.	Diameter, mm	Quantity, pcs.
Thermalyo green
Siste m

5.5.1. A responsible person for the operation of ventilation systems is appointed at the STS, GNP, AGZS by the decision of the head. 5.5.2. Ventilation systems should be identified by functional characteristics (supply, exhaust, emergency) with the assignment of a serial number.

Designations are applied on the fan casing and air ducts.

5.5.3. Passports must be drawn up for ventilation systems. Information about the performance of the system, its scheme, characteristics, type of fan and electric motor, information about repairs and adjustments is entered into the passport.

The organization must keep:

• a diagram of the air duct system indicating the dimensions, location of fittings, compensators, safety, fire protection and drainage devices, instrumentation, as well as equipment included in the installation;
• acts of acceptance into operation of the ventilation unit;
• passports for equipment that is an integral part of the ventilation unit.

You should organize:

• accounting for the operating time of the ventilation unit;
• accounting for malfunctions during the operation of the installation;
• accounting for maintenance and repairs of equipment and plant elements;
• information about replacing installation items.

All changes in the design of ventilation systems must be made on the basis of the project.

5.5.4. Start-up of exhaust ventilation systems should be carried out 15 minutes before turning on the technological equipment, turning on the supply ventilation systems - 15 minutes after turning on the exhaust ventilation systems.

5.5.5. In places where air is taken in by supply ventilation systems, the possibility of ingress of vapors of liquefied hydrocarbon gases should be excluded.

5.5.6. When stopping the supply ventilation systems, the check valves on the air ducts must be closed.

5.5.7. The design efficiency of the supply and exhaust ventilation should be checked by a specialized organization during the start-up of the LPG facility and during operation at least once a year.

The test results must be recorded in the passport of the ventilation unit.

Ventilation systems should be tested at least once a year, as well as after overhaul, adjustment or unsatisfactory results of air analysis.

5.5.8. Evaluation of the efficiency of ventilation systems is confirmed by a technical report based on the results of tests conducted by a specialized organization with instructions on the mode of their operation.

5.5.9. Maintenance of ventilation units is carried out by the production personnel of the LPG facility according to schedules approved in the prescribed manner.

5.5.10. During the maintenance of ventilation units, scheduled inspections and repairs (current and overhaul) are carried out.

During scheduled inspections of ventilation installations, the following are performed:

• visual control of the presence of mechanical damage and corrosion; tightness of air ducts, ventilation chambers and pipes of heaters; violations of the integrity of the color, extraneous noise and vibration, air leaks;
• checking the operation of throttle valves, gate valves and louvered grilles and the correct direction of rotation of the impellers of centrifugal fans and the impeller of axial fans;
• checking the gaps between the rotors and casings for centrifugal fans and between the impeller and shell for axial fans;
• determining the contamination of filters, plates and sections of heaters and checking the filling of cassettes with filter material;
• monitoring the temperature of the bearings of electric motors and checking the presence of grounding of the latter;
• control over the parameters of the air injected into the room;
• checking the guards of rotating parts.

5.5.11. During the current repairs of ventilation installations, the following works are carried out:

• elimination of defects identified during scheduled inspections;
• disassembly and cleaning of electric motors;
• checking the operation of electric motors under load and at idle;
• checking the explosion protection parameters of electric motors;
• checking the resistance of grounding devices;
• repair or replacement of insulation of current-carrying parts, repair of magnetic starters and contactors;
• repair or replacement of bearings of fans and electric motors;
• replacement of grease in bearings and, if necessary, flanges, bolts, gaskets, soft inserts;
• repair of individual blades of wheels of centrifugal fans and impellers of axial fans;
• repair and balancing of the fan rotor to eliminate the vibration of air ducts and eliminate additional noise;
• checking and restoring the gaps between the rotor and the casing;
• fastening of fans and electric motors;
• cleaning of air ducts, ventilation chambers, intake and exhaust shafts, replacement of filter elements, etc.;
• tightness test check valves supply ventilation systems;
• elimination of coolant leaks in heaters (if necessary);
• repair of ventilation chambers, sleeves, cassettes, cuttings in places of passage through enclosing structures, etc.;
• coloring of air ducts (if necessary);
• adjustment (if necessary).

5.5.12. During major overhauls, the work necessary to restore the efficiency and effectiveness of ventilation installations is carried out.

It is necessary to check the condition of all elements, replace worn components and parts, carry out adjustments, necessary tests and a comprehensive check, including:

• repair and (or) replacement of the fan shaft;
• repair of the fan casing;
• replacement of worn bearings;
• static balancing of the rotor;
• repair of structural elements, including thermal insulation of ventilation chambers with the replacement of valves, doors, throttle valves, gate valves, gate valves, mechanisms and drives;
• replacement of sections of air ducts, local exhausts, umbrellas, deflectors, heaters, etc.;
• testing and adjustment.

After a major overhaul of the ventilation unit, a new passport is issued with the characteristics and service life.

5.5.13. The results of scheduled inspections of ventilation units should be recorded in the operating log of the equipment of the LPG facility.

5.5.14. Checking the activation of emergency ventilation installations should be carried out at least once a month.

5.5.15. At the LPG facility, control over the state and operation of supply and exhaust ventilation should be ensured and at least once a quarter, a check of the air exchange rate in the premises should be carried out.

The results of the check are documented in an act.

5.5.16. When checking the degree of air exchange created by forced ventilation, it is necessary to provide 2/3 of the air intake with exhaust ventilation from the lower zone of the room and 1/3 from the upper zone.

In case of insufficient air exchange, work with liquefied hydrocarbon gases is not allowed.

5.5.17. The supply and exhaust ventilation system of explosive premises should not be connected with the ventilation of premises with a normal environment.

Premises with a normal version of electrical equipment adjacent to explosive spaces must have a backwater ventilation of at least 0.00005 MPa with an exchange rate of at least 5 per hour.

The air intake must be independent, excluding the ingress of LPG vapors.

5.5.18. The air outlet from the exhaust ventilation systems must be located at least 2 meters above the roof ridge of the building.

5.5.19. For ventilation chambers, natural ventilation should be provided, providing a single air exchange in 1 hour.

5.5.20. The air intake height for supply ventilation systems must be at least 6 meters higher than the air outlet.

5.5.21. All air ducts must be made of non-combustible materials.

5.5.22. On flange connections of air ducts with soft inserts, shunt electrically conductive jumpers must be installed to protect against static electricity discharges.

5.5.23. To ensure the performance of the fans, it is necessary to provide:

• speed;
• correct balancing of the impeller;
• appropriate gap between the impeller and casing;
• elimination of air leaks in duct connections;
• cleaning of pollution of air ducts and an exception of hit in them of foreign subjects.

5.5.24. Exhaust ventilation systems of explosive premises must have duplicate explosion-proof start buttons installed outside at the entrance to the building.

5.5.25. The starting devices of ventilation systems must be interlocked with the starting devices of pumps and compressors and drives of carousel filling installations.

The interlock should ensure the possibility of switching on the operation of compressors, pumps and carousels no earlier than 15 minutes after the start of the fans, and exclude the possibility of equipment operation when the ventilation is turned off.

5.5.26. Emergency ventilation must be interlocked with gas analyzers installed permanently in hazardous areas.

5.5.27. Premises with technological equipment should be provided with forced supply and exhaust ventilation, ensuring the air exchange rate calculated according to the project, but less than:

• tenfold air exchange per 1 hour during working hours;
• three air exchanges per 1 hour during non-working hours;
• eight air changes per hour for emergency exhaust ventilation.

5.5.28. Exhaust fans and electric motors must be explosion-proof and installed in ventilation chambers.

5.5.29. Emergency ventilation should be switched on from alarms of a dangerous gas concentration in the room if it is present in excess of 10% of the lower concentration limit flame spread.

When emergency ventilation is turned on, the electric drives of pumps, compressors and other process equipment should be switched off.

5.5.30. The ventilation chambers must be closed.

5.5.31. Exhaust system exhausts must be covered with a mesh to prevent foreign objects from entering the air ducts.

5.5.32. Adjusting devices must be fixed in the appropriate position after adjustment.

5.5.33. Maintenance of ventilation chambers and rooms of category "A" should be carried out every shift with an entry in the log.

5.5.34. Repair of fire-barrier and self-closing check valves should be carried out once a year with an entry in the ventilation system passport.