What is included in the renovation of an apartment building? Enumeration of the main types of work. Financial questions

Repair is not easy, but necessary. This is a big job that requires a lot of physical and material costs. Sometimes we really want to change the situation, add bright colors change the design of the room. This is a serious matter and should be approached responsibly. However, most of those who undertook such changes do not have a construction education and cannot properly assess the scale of the work being done. Repair is divided into two types: major current and cosmetic. To begin with, let's try to analyze each type in more detail, and already in sequence to understand what are the differences between them.

Usually, major view work involves the replacement of electrical wiring, windows, doors, roofing, appliances, grinding and painting walls, flooring with new coatings. In other words, a complete reconstruction of the building, which may also include redevelopment. Basically, major repairs last about 20 years, provided that the owners take care of the house and constantly make small cosmetic updates.

Building renovations include:

• replacement of certain parts or some devices due to wear;
• replacement of technical equipment;
• carrying out a number of specific works to improve the degree of improvement of the premises inside (modernization);
• repair of window sills, skirting boards, slopes;
• choice of design project;
• installation of plumbing, pipes;
• wall preparation, painting;
• laying parquet, laminate, tiles;
• ceiling installation and more.

In the given case, the physical deterioration of the structure is completely or partially eliminated. The work provides for a change in engineering supplies and brings a second life to the building's structures.

In turn, major repairs are divided into subspecies:

• complex;
• selective.

In the first case, the whole building or its separate part is covered, which is significantly worn out and needs urgent reconstruction. And in the second option, as a rule, only a partial replacement of certain components of the building, which have partial or absolute wear and tear, is carried out.

Overhaul requires the use of only those materials that can fully satisfy all the requirements for reconstruction.

Maintenance

Current renovation aims to transform appearance a building that was previously used, the replacement of structures in this case is not carried out. Therefore, it is much easier to make an estimate, and the cost of such work, accordingly, is noticeably lower.

Repair work includes:

• installation of doors, plinths, slopes;
• replacement of plumbing;
• installation or replacement of switches;
• ceiling installation (drywall or stretch ceiling);
• wall painting;
• laying parquet, tiles, laminate;
• small decorative works and so on.

The time spent on current repairs is noticeably lower than in the case of major upgrades. In most cases it is 10-20 days.

It is worth noting and cosmetic repairs. It is mentioned in the article. As a rule, these are light non-essential works. This is a certain restoration of the premises with the aim of externally improving its aesthetic condition. Cosmetic repairs include painting walls, ceilings, floors, doors, baseboards, laying laminate or other floor coverings, and more.

European-quality repair is a modernization of a dwelling with the help of the latest technologies and methods. In this case, it is necessary to seek help only from highly qualified specialists. Here we are talking about such innovations as underfloor heating, installation of filters, electrical systems, and only an experienced master can be entrusted with such a thing.

The main differences between major and current repairs

After reviewing each type of work in more detail, we will try to identify the main differences between the two upgrades, which, at first glance, differ insignificantly:

• current repair changes the appearance of the room only to a slight extent, helps to eliminate minor defects, which include cracks in the wall, peeling wallpaper, scratches on flooring and much more;
• Anyone can carry out such work, special knowledge is not required for this. The main rule is to stock up the right tools(brushes, rollers, glue, glue, sealant);
• current repairs take little time and financial investments, since the work is very insignificant;
• you can profitably and quickly restore the appearance of a living space, for example, paste wallpaper, paint the floor and walls, restore windows and doors;
• this kind of external transformation of buildings can be applied according to standard scheme where application finishing materials not at all necessary, and cases when they are necessary (replacement of skirting boards, floor coverings, replacement of wallpaper for painting).

Major overhaul is the opposite of the current one. And there are certain reasons for this:

1. The capital method of reconstructing and changing the interior and appearance of the premises requires the use of additional structures. The easy way covers painting and decorating walls, replacing plumbing and electrical, installation work. Complicated Method additionally includes installation various designs, including decorative ones (arches, niches, columns).
2. Entrust such a responsible matter better specialist. Of course, you can do all the work yourself, but only experienced master is able to comply with all technologies and standards, give a guarantee for the work done and make the operation of the premises as safe as possible.
3. Much more time is required for major repairs, as well as financial costs.
4. The restoration of the premises takes much longer, but the work is done much better and the period between upgrades is much longer.

In addition to repairs, it is worth mentioning the reconstruction. This is a rather laborious process, where painting the walls and replacing the ceilings is not enough. Such works involve an impressive change in the appearance of the building - complete or partial. Reconstruction changes the size and shape of buildings.

Often, work is carried out to change the redevelopment of the structure and change the profile of the premises, for example, from an office to a retail outlet. Industrial buildings can be used after significant reconstruction for living, outlets, offices, hotel rooms. In other words, reconstruction is the introduction of changes in the design of a building to increase or decrease it, or change the target direction.

What will be the result of the information I receive?

In addition to showing off the acquired knowledge, such experience will come in handy if you have to hire workers to carry out such tasks. repair work. In this case, it is possible, without the help of a specialist, to determine the degree necessary work and clearly define the goals set for the workers.

Since a major overhaul will require much more serious work and material costs than in the case of current changes, an excellent awareness of this issue will help you plan your own budget most competently.

The concepts of current repairs and major repairs are included in everyday life residential property owners. The appearance of buildings and structures depends on them, people's awareness of the influence of each owner on the processes taking place in the housing and communal services sector, it is necessary to clearly distinguish these concepts, know their purpose and role provided by the legislator.

A number of legislative acts adopted in the Russian Federation help to reveal the term "maintenance". These include the State Construction Committee of the Russian Federation dated September 27, 2003 No. 170 “On approval of the Rules and norms for the technical operation of the housing stock”, the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation.

The definition of "maintenance" characterizes the systematic work associated with the correction of minor defects and malfunctions.

The goal is to maintain the engineering structures of the building in working condition. Measures include lists of works on replacement or repair of existing equipment, its strengthening in order to prevent further destruction. An example is the strengthening of a roof structure by adding rafters.

The current repair has such signs as:

• planning. The plan is drawn up for several years ahead after inspecting the entire territory, inventorying the main structural elements;
• systematic. Only constant maintenance of the building and its engineering structures in working condition increases its service life.

Preventive measures are carried out by the Campaign Manager or a contracting organization.

This type of work can be not only preventive, but also urgent, unforeseen. Its purpose is the urgent elimination of a newly identified defect in order to restore it. Malfunctions are discovered by the residents of the house personally or are detected during ongoing repairs.

The overhaul has more ambitious tasks compared to the current one.

Involves restoration or complete replacement:

1. Elements of the building structure.
2. Engineering systems.
3. Communications.

The goal is to eliminate the deterioration of the building, which affects the functioning of the systems.

Capital works are manifested in the complete redevelopment of the building, the installation of new engineering networks, more durable and reliable, upgrading existing equipment, but not when building new extensions.

By type it is divided into:

• complex overhaul;
• selective overhaul.

In the first case, there is a one-time restoration of worn-out elements of the building. It is carried out for buildings, the structural elements of which (with the exception of the foundation, walls and support pillars) have fallen into disrepair. Selective is suitable in situations where the building is in satisfactory condition, but it is necessary to carry out a deep reconstruction of one or two types of work, for example, replacing the roof or repairing the facade.

The purpose of the overhaul is not to partially maintain the house in a normal state, but to restore the characteristics as close as possible to the new building.

Examples of work are:

• complete renovation of the exterior of the house;
• replacement of house engineering systems, for example, heating pipes, sewer, electrical networks.

A feature of the work is their implementation in a complex, the simultaneous renewal of all systems of one building.

Walls and foundations are considered not subject to major correction, as load-bearing supporting structures. Their wear and tear leads to the recognition of the house as being subject to demolition or complete reconstruction.

The closeness of concepts makes it possible to confuse the two types of work.

What is the difference between a major overhaul and a current one is easy to understand when comparing the criteria:

Criterion
Cost	Cost less	Requires large funds
Periodicity	Annually as needed	On average once every 15-25 years
Who is held	Management company, HOA or citizens who manage the house on their own	Management company, HOA or citizens who manage the house on their own or under a contract - a contractor
By type of work: Foundation	Repair and strengthening parts	Full repair around the perimeter
Roof	Strengthening the rafters, eliminating defects in the coating, if the roof began to leak, repairing gutters	Restoration of functional abilities by replacing the coating, rafters, sealing, insulation
Building's facade	Correction of architectural elements, repair of joints (in case of deformation), waterproofing, painting	Full finishing of the facade, possibly with the replacement of the material
Elevator	Troubleshooting	Complete repair or replacement of the elevator shaft and equipment
Doors and windows	Replacement of individual components as needed	Replacement
Engineering systems	Partial replacement or strengthening of existing deficiencies	Restoration work

The current repair is accompanied by such actions as repair, replace, strengthen, repair, change the appearance. Radical changes are not made, they eliminate the manifestation of a specific problem that has arisen.

Overhaul - more thorough, deep. It affects several interconnected elements of the house at once.

To understand how the current repair of an elevator differs from the overhaul, one must understand that the elevator belongs to the common property. This is defined in the legislation, Law 185-FZ of 07/21/2007. Owners use it residential apartments living in them under lease agreements, owners of non-residential premises. If there is a document - an act indicating that the elevator shaft, lift or Electrical engine cannot be repaired in the current order - capital work is being carried out. Most often, overhaul is necessary after 5-15 years of operation. Freight and passenger elevators are operated differently in terms of intensity and load capacity. The repair period also depends on the quality of the current scheduled repair work with elevator equipment, especially when it comes to the electric motor.

Current and major repairs in the local area have the following goal - to give aesthetic appearance appearance. But they differ in additional criteria.

Current work will consist of:

• partial restoration of the sidewalk and lawn;
• improvement of driveways for transport, internal roads for cars;
• coloring of playgrounds;
• repairing water wells.

At the same time, capital work will consist of a complete restoration of the road, restoration of playgrounds, and repair of fences.

Financing all types of work is not an easy task. Depends on the type of work carried out, the type of construction. Private households are repaired only at the expense of its owner. In an apartment building, we are talking about the common property of the owners.

Article 44 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation (LC RF) determined that at a general meeting of owners of a residential apartment building a decision is made to carry out repairs, issues with financing are resolved. Significant differences characteristic of the material support of the capital or current correction of common property in high-rise building, you should know.

The current work costs are low. They are produced by Money transferred monthly by each owner of the dwelling in the house, according to the column for the maintenance of the dwelling. The money is accumulated on a special account of the management company, and has a designated purpose - current repair work. The account is replenished with income received from renting out part of the premises in the house for rent, for example, shops on the ground floors.

80% of the money from the fund is spent on planned work, the rest is saved in case of unforeseen work.

Overhaul under paragraph 2 of Art. 158 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation is paid based on the decision made at the meeting of the owners of the house. The meeting is attended by representatives of the management company, who will present full plan work. The capital repair rate is determined at the level of the subject's authority.

The fund is replenished by monthly deductions under the capital repairs column. The accumulated money supply becomes the basis for the formation of estimates for repairs. State subsidies play an equally important role, although they are not always provided. The place where the fund is formed plays an important role. If this Managing organization, then repairs are carried out only at the expense of the owners of the house, the UK must pay for the accounts. If there is a material and technical base, she can carry out the work on her own. The transfer of funds to the regional operator changes the order. The regional operator concludes an agreement with a contractor for the performance of work.

When accounting for funds in the Management Company, they are divided by sources of financing. Bookkeeping differs when transferring money from budget organization or owners/tenants of premises in an apartment building. The tax accounting of received funds is also different. All accounting transactions can be checked for the purpose of open discussion of the results or progress of repairs.

Routine repairs are carried out frequently, usually once every six months. The name itself suggests that it is periodic, even almost constant. At the entrance, he must be held every three to five years. Unscheduled work is urgent.

Works are carried out:

• in case of roof leakage - within 1 day;
• repair of sewer systems - 5 days;
• wall damage - 1 day;
• restoration of window and door blocks depends on the season - up to three days;
• power supply is restored no later than 7 days - when major accident;
• problems with the gas pipeline, water supply, electrical equipment are solved by the resource-giving organization within a day;
• repair of elevator equipment - 1 day.

The presence of owners in a residential building with debts to pay money to the current repair fund will not be a reason for refusing to carry out the planned types of work.

The frequency of major repairs is established in accordance with departmental building codes 58-88 (p) of the State Committee for Architecture "Regulations on the organization and reconstruction, repair and maintenance of buildings, communal and socio-cultural facilities", introduced on 07/01/1989.

The fact that each building is a set of structural elements is taken into account, each element has its own period of operation.

For example, there are periods of operation:

• foundation or bearing walls- up to 150 years;
• roofs - from 15 to 80 years;
• floors - from 20-80 years.

Even shorter service life for external facades, interior decoration. Unfavorable climatic environment - zone high humidity or constant cold - have a negative role on the building, reduce the operating time. This is taken into account when planning capital works for repair.

Major and current repairs have significant differences between them. However, their implementation solves one important problem - maintaining the working condition of the building in order to extend the period of its operation.

The boundary between the concepts of "current" and "overhaul" is sometimes very conditional. Let's try to figure it out.

1. Definitions. Differences between current repair and overhaul

1. Maintenance
I quote:

Maintenance common property of a residential building - repairs carried out in a planned manner in order to restore the serviceability or performance of a residential building, partial recovery its resource with the replacement or restoration of it components of a limited range established by regulatory and technical documentation

In the same place, in Appendix 2, there is a list of works on current repairs.

For example, partial repair (restoration) of plaster in the entrance, replacement (or, even more so, repair) of individual sections of pipelines - these are all ongoing repairs.

2. Overhaul
I quote the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation (as amended on July 18, 2011 No. 215-FZ):

Overhaul— replacement and (or) restoration building structures of capital construction facilities or elements of such structures, with the exception of load-bearing building structures, replacement and (or) restoration of engineering and technical support systems and networks of engineering and technical support of capital construction objects or their elements, as well as replacement of individual elements of load-bearing building structures with similar or other elements that improve the performance of such structures and (or) the restoration of these elements.

Reconstruction capital construction projects (excluding line features)- changing the parameters of the capital construction object, its parts (height, number of floors, area, volume), including the superstructure, rebuilding, expansion of the capital construction object, as well as the replacement and (or) restoration of the supporting building structures of the capital construction object, with the exception of replacement individual elements of such structures to similar or other elements that improve the performance of such structures and (or) restoration of these elements.

Note: linear objects - power lines, communication lines (including linear cable structures), pipelines, roads, railway lines and other similar structures.

1.3. Repair classification
The system of repairs of apartment buildings provides for regulated repairs and repair and reconstruction transformations at certain intervals (see Fig. 1.1).

///
excerpt from fig. 1.1:
Capital repairs - repair of a building with the replacement, if necessary, of structural elements and systems of engineering equipment and with the elimination of functional (moral) wear and tear by modernizing them.

Reconstruction of the building - a set of works and organizational and technical measures with the elimination of physical and functional (moral) deterioration and changes in technical and economic indicators in order to improve living conditions, quality of service and increase the volume of services.
///

Overhaul periods and approximate volumes of repairs and repair and reconstruction for the purpose of long-term planning are recommended to be taken in accordance with VSN 58-88 (r), and for medium-term and short-term planning, they are specified on the basis of technical condition, architectural, planning and design features of apartment buildings.

Capital repairs of buildings- replacement or restoration individual parts or whole structures(with the exception of the complete replacement of the main structures, the term of which determines the service life of the apartment building as a whole) and engineering and technical equipment of buildings due to their physical wear and tear, as well as the elimination, if necessary, of the consequences of functional (moral) deterioration of structures and work to increase the level of internal improvement, i.e. modernization of buildings. During the overhaul, the physical (partially) and functional (partially or completely) depreciation of buildings is eliminated.

Overhaul involves the replacement of one, several or all systems of engineering equipment, as well as bringing to working condition all structural elements of the house.

Overhaul is divided into complex overhaul and selective overhaul.

a) Comprehensive overhaul is a repair with the replacement of structural elements and engineering equipment and their modernization. It includes work covering the entire building as a whole or its individual sections, in which their physical and functional wear is compensated.
b) Selective overhaul is a repair with full or partial replacement of individual structural elements of buildings and structures or equipment, aimed at full compensation for their physical and partially functional wear.

Attribution to the type of overhaul depends on the technical condition of the buildings assigned for repair, as well as the quality of their planning and the degree of internal improvement.

For example, work to replace a cold water or hot water riser can be recognized as related to major repairs. Or rather, a selective overhaul. Although there is another opinion (see below).

A comprehensive overhaul in relation to Federal Law No. 185-FZ provides for the performance of all types of work provided for in Article 15 (with the exception of the repair of basements and elevators in those buildings where they are not available).
When carrying out repairs, materials should be used that provide normative term services for repaired structures and systems. The composition of the types and subtypes of work should be such that after the overhaul, the apartment building fully meets all operational requirements (for more details, see Section 2). Selective overhaul in relation to Federal Law No. 185-FZ is appointed to perform certain types works provided for in Article 15.
Selective overhaul is carried out based on the technical condition of individual structures and engineering systems by their complete or partial replacement.
...

2.1.9. The list of works performed during the overhaul of the housing stock is given in Appendix 9 to. Annex 3 to the list of structural elements, engineering systems and equipment and the approximate terms of their operation before the overhaul. The list covers the whole variety of apartment buildings by design characteristics and engineering arrangements built and in operation at the time of publication of this normative document, and therefore applicable for the purposes of these guidelines within, part of established 3, Article 15 of Federal Law No. 185-FZ.

2. For major repairs - based on the estimate for the work. The estimated amount is divided by the total area of ​​​​residential and non-residential premises of an apartment building (with the exception of the area of ​​\u200b\u200bplaces common use) and the number of months during which, based on the decision made by the owners, the cost of the work will be paid.

The second option for paying for major repairs is in the amount of. This is simple and straightforward, but does not take into account the individual characteristics of each case. In addition, this federal standard was not originally intended to be included in payments. was designed for use in intergovernmental relations.

In any case, the decision on the amount of payment for current and major repairs is made at the general meeting of the owners of the MKD premises (and if in the house of the HOA, then the decision is made in the manner prescribed by the charter of the partnership).

3. Additional Information on the issue

On the issue of attributing work to current or major repairs, there is another opinion based on the recommended Appendix No. 7 to.
I quote:

List of works related to the current repair
<...>
12. Water supply and sewerage, hot water supply
Installation, replacement and restoration of operability of individual elements and parts of elements internal systems plumbing and sewerage, hot water supply, including pumping units in residential buildings.

Thus, work on the replacement of cold water risers, hot water supply can be recognized as related to current repair work. There is .

Those. the key question that gives rise to discrepancies is what to count"system" and "element"in this context. An unambiguous answer to it in regulations not found yet.

4. Types of work on the overhaul of apartment buildings in accordance with the Federal Law of July 21, 2007 No. 185-FZ

Article 15
Part 3. The types of work on the overhaul of apartment buildings in accordance with this Federal Law include:
1) repair of intra-house engineering systems of electricity, heat, gas, water supply, sanitation;
(clause 1 as amended by the Federal Law of December 29, 2010 N 441-FZ)
2) repair or replacement of elevator equipment recognized as unsuitable for operation, if necessary, repair of elevator shafts;
3) repair of roofs;
4) repair basements relating to common property in apartment buildings;
5) insulation and repair of facades;
6) installation of collective (common house) metering devices for resource consumption and control units (thermal energy, hot and cold water, electrical energy, gas);
(clause 6 was introduced by the Federal Law of December 29, 2010 N 441-FZ)
7) repair of foundations of apartment buildings.
(clause 7 was introduced by the Federal Law of December 29, 2010 N 441-FZ, as amended by the Federal Law of December 25, 2012 N 270-FZ)

QUESTION:
Look, and if the overhaul has already been spent with budget money, then what to do in this case? let's say they did a thorough overhaul, then created an HOA, it will still be part of the money from tariff rate where to send it? or how. Dmitry.

ANSWER:
The same work cannot be accounted for under two articles - both as a major overhaul at the expense of budgetary funds, and as current repairs on behalf of the HOA. Either one or the other.
Collecting payment for housing, the HOA spends it on the current operational needs of the house and the formation of a repair fund.
But if the condition for overhaul at the expense of budgetary funds was the payment by members of the HOA of a certain share of the overhaul fee (as is happening now under 185-FZ), then the HOA will collect a targeted fee for overhaul and send the collected funds where to go.

5. Table. Who pays and organizes major and current repairs in the house and in the apartment

apartment building

Individual property (inside the apartment) - everything that does not apply to the Housing Code of the Russian Federation Owner premises

Pays for: owner (monthly maintenance and repair fee) Organizes work: MA / HOA More materials

The list of works related to the overhaul of industrial buildings and structures is contained in Appendix No. 8 to the Decree of the USSR Gosstroy of December 29, 1973 N 279 "On Approval of the Regulations on the Conduct of Scheduled Preventive Repairs of Industrial Buildings and Structures".

The list of works performed during the overhaul of the housing stock is contained in Appendix No. 8 to the Decree of the Gosstroy of the Russian Federation of September 27, 2003 N 170 "On approval of the Rules and norms for the technical operation of the housing stock."

List of works related to the overhaul of industrial buildings and structures

According to clause 3.11. Decree of the USSR State Construction Committee of December 29, 1973 N 279 "On Approval of the Regulations on the Conduct of Scheduled Preventive Maintenance of Industrial Buildings and Structures", overhaul of industrial buildings and structures includes such work during which worn-out structures and parts of buildings and structures are replaced or them to more durable and economical ones that improve the operational capabilities of the repaired facilities, with the exception of a complete change or replacement of the main structures, the service life of which in buildings and structures is the longest (stone and concrete foundations of buildings and structures, all types of building walls, all types of wall frames, pipes of underground networks, bridge supports, etc.).
See Appendix 8 for a list of major repairs.

Annex 8

SCROLL

WORKS ON CAPITAL REPAIRS OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES

A. BY BUILDINGS

I. Foundations

1. Change wooden chairs or replacing them with stone or concrete pillars.
2. Partial re-laying (up to 10%), as well as strengthening of stone foundations and basement walls, not associated with the superstructure of the building or additional loads from newly installed equipment.
3. Restoration of vertical and horizontal insulation of foundations.
4. Restoration of the existing blind area around the building (more than 20% total area blind areas).
5. Repair of existing drains around the building.
6. Change of single collapsing stone and concrete pillars.

II. Walls and columns

1. Sealing cracks in brick or stone walls with clearing furrows, with bandaging of seams with old masonry.
2. Installation and repair of structures that reinforce stone walls.
3. Re-laying of dilapidated brick cornices, lintels of pit parapets and protruding parts of walls.
4. Relocation and repair of individual dilapidated sections of stone walls up to 20% of the total volume of masonry, not related to the superstructure of the building or additional loads from newly installed equipment.
5. Strengthening of reinforced concrete and stone columns with clips.
6. Repair and partial replacement (up to 20% of the total volume) of columns that are not associated with additional loads from newly installed equipment.
7. Change of aggregates in walls with stone, reinforced concrete and metal frame(up to 40%).
8. Change of dilapidated crowns of log or block walls (up to 20% of the total surface of the walls).
9. Continuous caulking of log or block walls.
10. Partial change of skins, fillings and plate heaters frame walls(up to 50% of the total wall area).
11. Change or repair of sheathing and insulation of wooden plinths.
12. Repair of stone plinths wooden walls with their transfer up to 50% of the total volume.
13. Setting up again and changing worn clamps of log and block walls.

III. Partitions

1. Repair, change and replacement of worn-out partitions with more advanced designs of all types of partitions.
2. During the overhaul of partitions, partial redevelopment is allowed with an increase in the total area of ​​the partitions by no more than 20%.

IV. Roofs and coverings

1. Replacing dilapidated wooden roof trusses or replacing them with prefabricated reinforced concrete.
2. Complete or partial replacement of dilapidated metal and reinforced concrete trusses, as well as replacement of metal trusses with prefabricated reinforced concrete trusses.
3. Reinforcement of trusses when replacing types of coating (replacing wood slabs with precast concrete, cold coating - with warm, etc.), during suspension of lifting devices, as well as during corrosion of nodes and other elements of metal and prefabricated reinforced concrete trusses.
4. Partial or complete change of rafters, mauerlats and battens.
5. Repair of supporting structures of skylights.
6. Repair of devices for opening the covers of skylights.
7. Partial or complete replacement of dilapidated elements of coatings, as well as replacing them with more progressive and durable ones.
8. Partial (over 10% of the total roof area) or complete change or replacement of all types of roofing.
9. Reconstruction of roofs in connection with the replacement of the roofing material.
10. Partial or complete replacement of wall gutters, slopes and covers of chimneys and other protruding devices above the roof.

V. Interfloor ceilings and floors

1. Repair or change of floors.
2. Replacing individual structures or ceilings as a whole with more progressive and durable structures.
3. Strengthening of all types of interfloor and attic floors.
4. Partial (more than 10% of the total floor area in the building) or complete replacement of all types of floors and their bases.
5. Reconstruction of floors during repairs with replacement with more durable and durable materials. At the same time, the type of floors must comply with the requirements of norms and technical conditions for new construction.

VI. Windows, doors and gates

1. Complete replacement of dilapidated window and door blocks, as well as gates of industrial buildings.

VII. Stairs and porches

1. Partial or complete change of landings, ramps and porches.
2. Change and strengthening of all types of stairs and their individual elements.

VIII. Internal plastering, facing
and painting work

1. Renewal of plastering of all premises and repair of plastering in the amount of more than 10% of the total plastered surface.
2. Change of wall cladding in the amount of more than 10% of the total area of ​​clad surfaces.
3. Continuous anti-corrosion painting of metal structures.

IX. facades

1. Repair and renewal of lining with an area of ​​more than 10% of the lined surface.
2. Full or partial (more than 10%) renewal of the plaster.
3. Complete renewal of rods, cornices, belts, sandriks, etc.
4. Renewal of stucco details.
5. Continuous coloring with stable compositions.
6. Cleaning the facade with sandblasters.
7. Change balcony slabs and fences.
8. Change of coatings of the protruding parts of the building.

1. Complete refurbishment of all types of heating furnaces, chimneys and their foundations.
2. Re-equipment of furnaces for burning coal and gas in them.
3. Complete refurbishment of kitchen stoves.

XI. Central heating

1. Change of individual sections and assemblies of heating boilers, boilers, boiler units or complete replacement of boiler units (in the event that the boiler unit is not an independent inventory object).
2. Repair and replacement of expanders, steam traps and other network equipment.
3. Repair and re-laying of foundations for boilers.
4. Automation of boiler rooms.
5. Transfer from stove heating to central heating.
6. Change of heating registers.
7. Connection of buildings to heating networks (with a distance from the building to the network of no more than 100 m).

XII. Ventilation

1. Partial or complete change of air ducts.
2. Change fans.
3. Rewinding or changing electric motors.
4. Change of gates, deflectors, throttle valves, blinds.
5. Partial or complete change of ventilation ducts.
6. Change of heaters.
7. Change of heating units.
8. Change filters.
9. Change of cyclones.
10. Change of individual chamber designs.

XIII. Water supply and sewerage

1. Partial or complete change of piping inside the building, including water supply inlets and sewer outlets.

XIV. Hot water supply

1. Change of coils and boilers.
2. Change of the pipeline, parts and, in general, pumping units, tanks and pipeline insulation.

XV. Electrical lighting and communications

1. Change of worn-out sections of the network (more than 10%).
2. Change of safety shields.
3. Repair or restoration of cable channels.
4. During the overhaul of the network, it is allowed to replace lamps with other types (ordinary ones with fluorescent ones).

B. BY FACILITIES

XVI. Water supply and sewerage facilities

A) Pipelines and network fittings

1. Partial or complete replacement of anti-corrosion insulation of the pipeline.
2. Change of individual pipeline sections (due to pipe wear) without changing the pipe diameter. At the same time, it is allowed to replace cast-iron pipes with steel pipes, ceramic pipes with concrete or reinforced concrete pipes and vice versa, but it is not allowed to replace asbestos-cement pipes with metal pipes (except in emergency cases).
The length of network sections where a continuous change of pipes is allowed should not exceed 200 m per 1 km of the network.
3. Change of worn-out fittings, valves, fire hydrants, air vents, valves, standpipes or their repair with the replacement of worn parts.
4. Change of individual siphon pipes.

B) Wells

1. Repair of cell wells.
2. Change hatches.
3. Stuffing new trays to replace the destroyed ones.
4. Replacement of worn-out wooden wells.
5. Renewal of plaster.

C) Water intakes and hydraulic structures

1. Dams, dams, spillways, canals

1. Change or replacement of fastening of banks or slopes in the amount of up to 50%.
2. Filling up swollen slopes of earthworks.
3. Change of clothes.
4. Renewal of the protective layer in the underwater parts of reinforced concrete structures.
5. Change of lattices and grids.
6. Repair and replacement of shield gates.

2. Water wells

1. Construction and dismantling of an oil rig or installation and dismantling of an inventory drilling rig.
2. Cleaning the well from collapses and siltation.
3. Removing and installing a new filter.
4. Fixing the well with a new column of casing pipes.
5. Replacement of water and air pipes.
6. Restoration of well flow rate by torpedoing or flushing with hydrochloric acid.
7. Cementation of the annular space and drilling of cement.

D) Treatment facilities

1. Repair and replacement of fully waterproofing.
2. Repair and renewal of plaster and ironwork.
3. Relaying brick walls and partitions up to 20% of the total volume of masonry in the building.
4. Sealing leaks in reinforced concrete, concrete and stone walls and bottoms of structures with concrete dismantling in separate places and concrete again.
5. Continuous gunning of the walls of structures.
6. Repair of drainage around structures.
7. Replacement of tank hatches.
8. Replacement of gratings.
9. Replacement of loading filters, biofilters, air filters.
10. Change of filter plates.
11. Replacement of pipelines and fittings.
12. Relaying the drainage system of the silt pads.

XVII. Heat supply

A) Channels and cameras

1. Partial or complete change of coatings of channels and chambers.
2. Partial or complete change of waterproofing of channels and chambers.
3. Partial re-laying of the walls of brick channels and chambers (up to 20% of the total surface of the walls).
4. Partial relocation of drainage systems.
5. Repair of the bottoms of channels and chambers.
6. Renewal of the protective layer in reinforced concrete structures channels and cameras.
7. Change hatches.

B) Pipelines and fittings

1. Partial or complete change of thermal insulation of the pipeline.
2. Renewal of pipeline waterproofing.
3. Change of individual sections of the pipeline (due to pipe wear) without increasing the diameter of the pipes.
4. Change of fittings, valves, compensators or their repair with the replacement of worn parts.
5. Replacement of movable and fixed supports.

XVIII. Access and internal railway tracks

A) ground bed

1. Broadening of the subgrade in places of insufficient width to normal sizes.
2. Treatment of subgrade in places of landslides, erosion, landslides, abysses.
3. Restoration of all drainage and drainage devices.
4. Restoration of all protective and fortifying structures of the subgrade (sodding, paving, retaining walls).
5. Restoration of regulatory structures.
6. Correction, filling up the cones of bridges.
7. Change of individual structures of artificial structures or their replacement with other structures, as well as a complete change of pipes and small bridges (if they are not independent inventory objects, but are part of the subgrade).

B) The superstructure of the track

1. Cleaning the ballast layer or updating the ballast with bringing the ballast prism to the dimensions established by the standards for of this type way.
2. Change of unusable sleepers.
3. Change of worn rails.
4. Change of unusable fasteners.
5. Straightening curves.
6. Repair of turnouts with the replacement of individual elements and transfer bars.
7. Change of turnouts.
8. Repair of the bridge deck.
9. Change of flooring of crossings or replacement of wood with reinforced concrete.

C) Artificial structures (bridges, tunnels, pipes)

1. Partial replacement of elements or complete replacement of worn-out superstructures.
2. Partial re-laying of stone and brick supports (up to 20% of the total volume).
3. Repair of concrete supports (up to 15% of the total volume).
4. Gunning or grouting of the surface of the supports.
5. Arrangement on supports of reinforcing reinforced concrete shells (jackets).
6. Repair or complete change of insulation.
7. Change of bridge beams.
8. Change of anti-theft bars.
9. Change wooden flooring.
10. Change of flooring from reinforced concrete slabs.
11. Change of counter rails.
12. Change of damaged elements of wooden bridges, except for piles.
13. Replacement of wooden packages with reinforced concrete superstructures.
14. Partial re-laying of stone and brickwork of vaults and walls of tunnels.
15. Injection of cement mortar behind the tunnel lining.
16. Repair and replacement of drainage devices of tunnels.
17. Relocation of the pipe head.
18. Change of elements of wooden pipes (up to 50% of the volume of wood).
19. Change of elements of reinforced concrete or concrete pipes (up to 50% of the volume).

XIX. Car roads

A) ground bed

1. Treatment of subgrade in places of landslides, landslides, erosion and deeps.
2. Restoration of all drainage and drainage devices.
3. Restoration of all protective and fortifying structures of the subgrade.
4. Change of individual structures of artificial structures or their replacement with other structures, as well as a complete change of pipes and small bridges (if they are not independent inventory objects, but are part of the subgrade or road as a single inventory object).

B) Road clothes

1. Alignment and replacement of individual cement-concrete slabs.
2. Laying a leveling layer of asphalt concrete on the cement-concrete surface.
3. Installation of asphalt concrete pavement on roads with cement-concrete pavement.
4. Change of cement-concrete coating to a new one.
5. Strengthening the asphalt concrete pavement.
6. Reconstruction of crushed stone and gravel coatings.
7. Relocation of pavements.
8. Profiling of dirt roads.

B) Bridges, pipes

1. Partial re-laying of stone and brick supports (up to 20% of the total volume).
2. Repair of concrete supports (up to 15% of the total volume).
3. Change of damaged elements of wooden bridges, except for piles.
4. Change of wooden or reinforced concrete flooring, as well as replacement of wooden flooring with reinforced concrete.
5. Complete change or replacement of superstructures.
6. Relocation of pipe heads.
7. Change of elements of wooden, reinforced concrete or concrete pipes (up to 50% of the volume).

D) Sites for cars, road construction
and other machines, storage areas, as well as areas
grain receiving points

1. Repair and restoration of drainage structures (trays, ditches, etc.).
2. Relocation of cobblestone areas.
3. Reconstruction of crushed stone and gravel surfaces of sites.
4. Repair concrete pads with the laying of a leveling layer of concrete.
5. Alignment and replacement of individual cement-concrete slabs.
6. Covering with asphalt concrete the sites listed in paragraphs 2 - 5.

XX. Electricity of the net and communication

1. Change or replacement of unusable fittings.
2. Replacing hooks with traverses.
3. Change of wires.
4. Repair and change of end and connecting cable boxes.
5. Repair or replacement of grounding devices.
6. Change of supports (up to 30% per 1 km).
7. Installation of cable wells.

XXI. Other structures

1. Repair, change or replacement with other supports of racks for air laying of pipelines.
2. Repair or change of platforms, stairs and railings for overhead pipelines.
3. Repair or replacement of individual columns (up to 20%) of crane racks.
4. Repair or change of crane beams of crane racks.
5. Repair of galleries and fuel supply racks of boiler and gas generating substations with a change (up to 20%) of structures without changing foundations.
6. Change or complete replacement wooden poles fences (fences).
7. Repair or replacement of individual concrete and reinforced concrete pillars(up to 20%) and fences (fences).
8. Repair of individual sections of filling between fence posts (up to 40%).
9. Repair of individual sections of continuous stone fences(up to 20%).
10. Repair of individual sections of solid adobe fences (up to 40%).
11. Repair of chimneys with the change or replacement of the lining, with the installation of hoops, with the restoration of the protective layer of reinforced concrete pipes.
12. Repair and replacement of individual sections of metal chimneys.
13. Repair of ash and slag dischargers with complete replacement of individual sections of the pipeline (without increasing the diameter).
14. Repair of loading platforms with a complete change of wooden flooring, blind area or asphalt. Change of individual supports or sections of retaining walls (up to 20%). In the event that the unloading area is part of a storage facility (ramp), a complete change or replacement of all structures is allowed.

The list of works related to the overhaul of the housing stock

Appendix No. 8 to the Decree of the Gosstroy of the Russian Federation of September 27, 2003 N 170 "On approval of the Rules and norms for the technical operation of the housing stock"

EXAMPLE LIST
WORKS CARRIED OUT DURING MAJOR REPAIRS
HOUSING FUND

1. Examination residential buildings(including a complete survey of the housing stock) and the preparation of design estimates (regardless of the period of repair work).

2. Repair and construction work to change, restore or replace elements of residential buildings (except for the complete replacement of stone and concrete foundations, load-bearing walls and frames).

3. Modernization of residential buildings during their overhaul (re-planning, taking into account the downsizing of multi-room apartments; arrangement of additional kitchens and sanitary facilities, expansion of living space due to auxiliary premises, improvement of insolation of residential premises, elimination of dark kitchens and entrances to apartments through kitchens with the device, if necessary, built-in or attached premises for stairwells, sanitary facilities or kitchens); replacement of furnace heating with central heating with the installation of boiler rooms, heat pipelines and heat points; roof and other autonomous sources heat supply; re-equipment of furnaces for burning gas or coal in them; equipment with cold and hot water supply, sewerage, gas supply systems with connection to existing main networks with a distance from the input to the point of connection to the mains up to 150 m, the installation of gas ducts, water pumps, boiler rooms; complete replacement of existing systems central heating, hot and cold water supply (including with the obligatory use of modernized heating devices and pipelines made of plastic, metal-plastic, etc. and a ban on the installation steel pipes); installation of household electric stoves instead gas stoves or kitchen hearths; installation of elevators, garbage chutes, pneumatic waste disposal systems in houses with a landing of the upper floor of 15 m and above; transfer of the existing power supply network to increased voltage; repair of television antennas for collective use, connection to the telephone and radio broadcasting networks; installation of intercoms, electric locks, installation of fire-fighting automation and smoke removal systems; automation and dispatching of elevators, heating boilers, heating networks, engineering equipment; landscaping of courtyard areas (paving, asphalting, landscaping, fencing, wood sheds, equipment for children's and household playgrounds). Repair of roofs, facades, joints of prefabricated buildings up to 50%.

4. Insulation of residential buildings (works to improve the heat-shielding properties of enclosing structures, the installation of window fillings with triple glazing, the installation of external vestibules).

5. Replacement of intra-quarter engineering networks.

6. Installation of metering devices for the consumption of thermal energy for heating and hot water supply, consumption of cold and hot water on the building, as well as the installation of apartment meters for hot and cold water (when replacing networks).

7. Reconstruction of non-ventilated combined roofs.

8. Author's supervision of design organizations for the overhaul of residential buildings with full or partial replacement of ceilings and redevelopment.

9. Technical supervision in cases where subdivisions for technical supervision of major repairs of the housing stock have been created in local governments and organizations.

10. Repair of built-in premises in buildings.

Capital and current repairs of structures and buildings- types of organizational and technical measures aimed at eliminating moral and objects. There are a number of differences between them. Let's consider them in the article.

Overhaul

It includes the elimination of malfunctions and defects of worn-out elements of the object. Some of them can be replaced with new, more durable ones.

During the overhaul, the following can be replaced:

• Concrete and stone foundations.
• Bearing walls.
• Frame structures.

In addition, the structure can be re-planned, equipped with additional engineering systems, and the adjacent territory beautified.

Types of overhaul

Major repairs can be selective or complex.

The latter involves the replacement of engineering equipment and structural elements or their modernization. In this case, work can cover either the entire structure as a whole, or individual parts of the structure.

During a selective overhaul, a partial or complete replacement of individual structures and elements, as well as engineering equipment, occurs. Such measures are aimed at compensating for physical and functional wear and tear.

Current repair of structures and buildings

The determination of the frequency of its implementation is carried out taking into account climatic conditions in which the building is operated. Of no small importance are the technical condition of the elements, the mode of use of the object.

Repairs are carried out at intervals that provide the most effective use object. Works are carried out after the commissioning of the building before the overhaul or between overhauls.

Justification of the current repair of buildings and structures

To ensure safety, they must be carried out Maintenance, maintenance, operational control. Relevant regulations are contained in the Town Planning Code.

Justification of the need for implementation is carried out on the basis of the results of operational control. It is done by doing:

• Periodic inspections.
• Control checks/monitoring.

During these procedures, the technical condition of building structures and engineering systems is assessed. According to the results of inspections, special statements are compiled. The obtained indicators are entered into them, which are then compared with the established standards.

Types of inspections

To justify the need for current repair of structures and buildings scheduled and unscheduled examinations are carried out. The first, in turn, are divided into partial and general.

In the course of general inspections, the technical condition of the facility as a whole, external improvement and engineering systems are monitored. During a partial survey, the condition of some structures in the premises, as well as landscaping elements, is assessed.

Unscheduled inspections are performed after natural Disasters(earthquakes, heavy rains, mudflows, heavy snowfalls, floods, etc.), the occurrence of which may cause damage to individual structural elements. In addition, such surveys are carried out after accidents in energy, water, heat supply systems, as well as in case of detection of deformations in the base of the object.

Nuances

General inspections before current repair of structures and buildings carried out at least twice a year. For their implementation, a commission is formed. The results of inspections are reflected in the records of the technical condition of the facility. These are, for example, accounting books, special cards, etc.

These documents must contain information about:

• Assessment of the technical condition of the building and its elements.
• Faults identified during the inspection.
• Location of defects.
• The reasons for the detected malfunctions.
• Works on the current repair of structures and buildings performed during the inspection.

Generalized information about the state of the object is annually reflected in the technical passport.

Justification of the cost

The basis for determining the price current repair of structures and buildings are design documents that include the estimated cost of work. This documentation is developed and approved in the manner prescribed by law.

The project, according to article 48 of the GrK, is a set of materials made in text and graphic forms. AT project documentation functional-technological, architectural, engineering-technical, Constructive decisions that ensure the construction, repair, reconstruction of facilities and their parts, if the relevant measures affect the safety and reliability of the structure.

The specifics of the preparation of documents

On the basis of part 12.2 of article 48 of the Civil Code, during the overhaul, separate parts of the design documentation are prepared in accordance with the assignment of the customer / developer, depending on the volume and content of the work envisaged.

Requirements for the content and composition of sections of the project are established by government decree No. 87 of 2008. The documentation is approved by the customer or developer.

When performing current repairs, the design of the entire project is not required. Enough estimate, which justifies its cost. It is compiled in the form specified in Appendix No. 2 to MDS 81-35.2004.

Dates

The need for current repairs of equipment of buildings and structures arises more often than the need for overhaul. In this regard, local events are held every three to six months. This time range is very arbitrary, since premature repairs may be required, for example, in the event of an accident.

It should be noted that the adjustment the list of works for the current repair of structures and buildings, the schedule for their implementation can be carried out by residents at general meetings or employees of the enterprise. Overhaul is usually carried out every 3-5 years. Owners or employees can also postpone the date of the event if there are good reasons for this.

Current repair activities are carried out, as a rule, without prior notification. As for works related to large-scale replacement or renovation of structures, they are notified in advance.

Additionally

Difficulties often arise when distinguishing between current and major repairs of an object. The fact is that there is no clear boundary between these formats of organizational and technical measures.

For example, there is such a concept - "selective overhaul" (it was mentioned above). It involves the partial replacement of structural elements of the structure. However, during the current repair, similar activities can be performed.

It should be said that in practice, overhaul may involve a whole range of works. At the same time, they can all be included in the list of current technical measures. Strict demarcation will take place only when the project receives an appropriate designation.

Conclusion

For the average person, the differentiation of the concepts of "maintenance" and "overhaul" can be significant even if it is not related to organizational and technical processes.

The distinction, for example, may become important for owners of individual (private) houses who plan to carry out certain activities related to the renewal of systems, structural elements of a structure. He will spend his own finances on all these works. Accordingly, he needs to know exactly what activities need to be carried out and how much they will cost.

Understanding the differences between current and overhaul will allow us to classify technical work, divide them into types, and determine their level of complexity. If third-party performers are involved, then the classification helps to establish the degree of their responsibility.

The distinction is also important for owners of premises in apartment buildings. Indeed, in this case, the money of the residents will be spent on capital and current repair measures. It is important for owners to understand the specifics of repairs in order to competently build legal and economic relations with the company performing these technical measures. At the same time, the residents themselves can take an active part in the inspection of the structure, inspection of equipment and engineering systems, together with the commission or independently. Owners must have up-to-date information about the condition of the structural elements of the object in order to make the right decisions regarding their renewal.