Do-it-yourself wall putty (advice from an experienced craftsman). Puttying the walls: the subtleties and features of the process How to properly apply the starting putty

The technology of wall puttying for painting or wallpaper gives recommendations on the sequence of work in order to end up with a high-quality result when finishing the room. Putty can perfectly level the surface of the walls, prepare them for the finish coat. What does the puttying of the walls offer, the article will tell.

The main purpose of putty is to level the surface after plastering. The process of puttying walls for painting is quite easy to do with your own hands, before that having studied the recommendations and the technology of work.

There are a lot of options for preparing putty, its choice depends on the type of walls, the characteristics of the room, and the presence of high humidity in it.

Tip: When choosing any putty option, you should take into account the individual characteristics of the room during its operation.

In addition to finishing the premises, there is material for external work. Its difference is in additional resistance to temperature changes, moisture and solar radiation.

Advantages of using putty:

You can easily and quickly complete the finishing process.
Affordable price of materials.
The possibility of obtaining a flat and absolutely smooth surface.
Variety of compositions according to their purpose.

What tools are needed when puttying the surface of the walls

The technology of plasterboard putty (see Plasterboard putty: practical tips and useful information) or other materials indicates the correct choice of tool that is used in the process.

In this case, you will need:

An electric drill, with a special mixer nozzle, which will be needed to mix the solution to the desired consistency. A special nozzle allows you to get a high-quality mixture, without lumps and additional inclusions.
A set of spatulas. Several spatulas are needed to perform certain functions. For example, with a small spatula, work is carried out in hard-to-reach places, it also applies material to a large spatula, the width of which is 35-50 centimeters.
A set of brushes and rollers for applying a primer. This is a mandatory process performed before and after puttying. The primer solution allows you to give the surface an antiseptic effect, which prevents the appearance of fungus and mold on the walls. In addition, the coating increases the adhesion between the base of the wall and the putty.
To align the walls, you will need a rule to identify and eliminate all existing irregularities.
To control the unevenness of the walls, if any, a spirit or laser level is used.
Sandpaper will be required when sanding the surface to give it perfect smoothness (see How to sand the walls after puttying). After applying the starting putty, it is recommended to use skins of medium grain, and after finishing - very fine.
To speed up the process of grinding the wall, you will need a manual skinner.
To stir the putty, a container with a volume of approximately 10 liters is required.

Tip: This list of tools should be purchased before you start puttying the walls.

How to choose materials for puttying walls

Putty is a paste-like material that allows you to prepare the base of the wall for its finishing.

According to the degree of readiness, the material can be:

Dry composition requiring additional dilution with water(see How to breed putty for self-repair). The advantages of this mixture:

affordable cost;
the ability to prepare the composition of any consistency;
ease of breeding;
simply transported;
long shelf life.

Material deficiency:

the presence of additional operations for the preparation of the solution before application, which increases the time of work;
the finished composition has a limited period of use, it must be diluted in small portions.

Almost any type of wall decoration involves their puttying. With the help of putty, it is possible not only to level the walls, but also to prepare them for further finishing. In order for the result of the work to be of high quality, it is necessary to adhere to certain recommendations for its implementation. About how to properly putty the walls, we will consider further.

Do-it-yourself wall puttying: the benefits of finishing

The first and most important advantage of puttying walls is their leveling with a putty mixture. As a result, it is possible to obtain an even coating, ready for painting or other type of finishing.

In addition, puttying is a fairly easy process that is quite realistic to do on your own, having studied the recommendations and technology for its implementation before that. The correct use of putty and the tool with which it is applied allows you to get a high-quality result in the form of a smooth and even surface.

There are many options for putty, which is suitable for a particular type of wall. Also, there is a putty used in ordinary rooms and in rooms with high humidity. Therefore, the choice of one or another variant of the putty mixture should be justified by the individual performance characteristics of the room. Also, there is a putty for external work, which is distinguished by additional resistance to temperature changes, moisture and solar radiation.

The use of putty before the start of wall decoration is characterized by such advantages as:

ease of work:
affordable cost of materials;
obtaining a flat and perfectly smooth surface;
speed of work;
a variety of compositions in the field of their application.

Tools for puttying the surface of the walls

The key to obtaining a high-quality result in wall puttying is the correct choice of the tool used in the process of work. Without fail, during the work will require the presence of:

1. An electric drill with a special nozzle - a mixer. Most often, putty has a dry consistency, so to dilute it with water and to obtain a uniform consistency, you will need to mix it with this tool. A special nozzle will allow you to get a high-quality mixture, without lumps and additional inclusions.

2. Spatulas in the set. For work, several spatulas should be prepared, each of which will perform a specific function. So, with the help of a small spatula, hard-to-reach places are puttyed and putty is applied to a large spatula. The best option for a large spatula for puttying walls is 35-50 cm.

3. A set of rollers and brushes with which the ground solution will be applied. Priming is a mandatory work process before and after puttying. Since with the help of a soil solution it is possible to achieve an antiseptic effect, thereby preventing the formation of fungus and mold on the surface of the walls. In addition, the primer increases the adhesion between the wall and the putty. For its application, most often a roller is used, as well as special trays into which a soil solution is poured.

4. If putty is applied to the walls to level them, then in the process of work you will need a rule that will help you identify and eliminate all existing irregularities. The long steel rule is relevant when the walls have very large irregularities.

5. Spirit level or laser type also allow you to determine the irregularities on the walls, if any.

6. The use of sandpaper is relevant after applying each layer of putty. With its help, the surface of the wall acquires perfect smoothness and is polished. It is recommended to use medium-fine skins at the stage of starting puttying, and at the final puttying, the skin should be very fine.

7. In order to speed up the process of sanding the wall, it is recommended to use a manual skinner.

8. In addition, in the process of work, you will need a container in which the putty will be stirred.

This list of tools is mandatory for puttying walls.

The choice of materials for the wall puttying process

Putty is a paste-like material that is applied to the wall, thereby leveling it. With the help of putty, it is possible to prepare the base for further finishing.

In relation to the degree of readiness of the putty mixture, it is of two types:

1. Dry putty - requires additional dilution with water. Among its advantages we note:

affordable cost of the material;
the possibility of preparing a composition having almost any consistency;
ease of preparation;
This material is easy to transport and has a long dry shelf life.

However, dry putty needs additional work to prepare it for application, so the time for puttying is increased. The finished mixture has a limited use time, so it is prepared in small portions. Before starting work, you should read the instructions and strictly follow their instructions. Otherwise, the quality of puttying will deteriorate.

2. For the manufacture of a ready-made putty mixture, a latex base is used. The release form of this material is buckets or tanks. The finished solution is used for a long period of time and does not dry out. Another advantage of this composition is the absence of the need for additional time to prepare the solution. However, the cost of this material is much higher than that of dry mixes.

In relation to the main substance used for the manufacture of putty, they are divided into:

1. Cement-based putties - they are distinguished primarily by good resistance to moisture and excellent performance. Among the shortcomings, we note:

slight shrinkage after drying;
low level of elasticity of the coating;
small cracks after drying.

2. Gypsum-based putty - practically does not shrink and is very elastic. However, this putty dries very quickly. In addition, it is unstable to sudden changes in temperature and moisture.

3. Polymer-based putty - has a high price, but allows you to get a high-quality surface after puttying.

When choosing putty for walls, you should pay attention to its fractional indicators. The smaller the putty fraction, the more flat and smooth the surface will be as a result of puttying.

In relation to the purpose of putty, it happens:

1. Starting - has high strength, affordable price, is used at the beginning of leveling walls, applied with a thickness of three to twenty millimeters.

2. Decorative or finishing - complete the puttying process. This putty has a white color, fine grain, high strength.

3. Universal putty - combines the two previous options. It is used if the walls have small flaws.

Phased wall puttying technology

Before you start puttying plastered walls, you should prepare them for this process. If there are grease stains, wallpaper or traces of paint on the wall, you need to get rid of them. If the walls in the room are frozen, then their puttying is unacceptable. The walls in the room must be absolutely dry.

Before starting work, the wall should be treated with a primer solution. Thus, the adhesion between the wall and the putty will improve. A special roller is used to prime the wall. It is enough to apply a putty mixture on the wall in one layer and wait for it to dry completely.

The initial puttying of drywall walls is done with a rough material called starter putty. This putty allows you to get rid of large differences in walls, strobes and various kinds of holes. The application thickness of this putty is about 15 mm. Please note that each layer must be completely dry before applying the next. In order for the putty to adhere well to the wall, it is recommended to use a special reinforcing mesh, on the surface of which the putty is distributed. Puttying the wall is carried out by applying a continuous layer. The reinforcing mesh allows the putty to be perfectly fixed on the wall. This improves the strength and flatness of the wall.

Puttying the walls under the wallpaper using the beacon method involves the use of beacons, in the form of a wooden, gypsum or steel lath, exposed in a vertical direction. In order to fix the beacons on the wall, use a plaster mortar. Also, the walls are aligned in the horizontal direction. In this case, a rule will be used to align the wall. Thus, as a result, the surface of the walls is obtained, on which there are no flaws. However, this finishing option is used very rarely, due to the high cost of its implementation. Most often, it is replaced with a starting putty.

Finishing puttying of walls is carried out after complete drying of the starting layer or lighthouse puttying. Finishing compositions are used to perform this kind of finishing. With the help of this putty, it is possible to obtain a perfectly flat wall, without cracks, chips and pores. The application of the finishing putty is carried out using a very thin layer. If the initial puttying is of poor quality, the finishing layer will not correct the shortcomings. Finishing puttying is performed only after the perfect alignment of the walls.

In order to get rid of cracks in the walls, it is necessary to use gypsum mixtures. Since they have a certain elasticity. In order for the crack to connect well with the putty, it should be roughened.

Instructions for preparing and applying putty on the wall:

1. Prepare putty, in the case of dry materials. Combine it with water, mix until a homogeneous mass is obtained. The consistency of the putty should be such that it sticks to the spatula.

2. Use a large spatula to apply starter putty. Apply the putty on the wall, distributing it over the surface in both vertical and horizontal and diagonal directions. In order to prevent bumps from appearing on the wall, putty should be applied with a slight overlap.

3. To improve the quality of work, the solution should be prepared in small portions, otherwise dried parts will form on the wall. It takes 24 hours for one layer of putty to dry.

4. Puttying the corners of the walls is carried out using a special spatula for finishing the corners.

5. After complete drying of the starting putty, the final layer is applied. For work, you will need the presence of spatulas of large small sizes. The layer thickness at this stage does not exceed two millimeters.

6. Before puttingtying the walls under the wallpaper, you should wait until all previous layers have dried. Only after that the finishing putty is applied.

In the process of puttying the walls, the spatula is held to the wall at an angle of thirty degrees. In order to get the perfect angle, apply a little putty mixture to the corner spatula, then evenly distribute it over the corner area.

Before you start puttying the walls under the wallpaper, you should determine the thickness and type of wallpaper. Since the amount of leveling putty that is applied to the wall depends on these indicators.

Qualitatively prepared walls for wallpaper will allow you to get a perfectly flat coating, on which there are no folds of wallpaper and air bubbles. Putty should be applied to the wall with a thickness of not more than 1.5 mm. Therefore, all cracks and potholes must be repaired in the previous step.

If, after puttying, the walls will be painted, then more attention should be paid to the preparation of the walls. Since after applying the paint, all the bumps will be visible. The leveling layer is applied very thinly. If there are defects on the wall, putty should be applied in several layers. Leave the walls to dry completely. Apply a decorative layer of putty and, after drying, sand the coating.

In order to determine the required amount of putty, you should initially measure the area of \u200b\u200bthe walls on which it will be applied. More economical - the use of dry mixes. However, more convenient to use - ready-made formulations. The choice of one or another option is determined by the material preferences of the buyer.

Wall plastering video:

There are a certain number of words in Russian, the spelling of which raises a lot of questions. Among them are verbal nouns: "putty" and "putty". What is the correct spelling: putty or putty? The spelling dictionary, unfortunately, in this case will not tell you, because in it both options are presented as equivalent words with identical lexical meaning. To understand in more detail, you need to consider the history of the emergence of both words. Let's do that.

What is putty and putty

Repair is a long, not very pleasant and extremely expensive business, but everyone had to deal with it at least once in their life. Among the list of materials needed for repairs, there was always such a mysterious substance as “putty” or “putty” (as it will be said below). This name is a specialized material for leveling the surface of walls or ceilings, by covering cracks and other irregularities on their surface.

In order not to suffer with spelling options, it is often called other synonymous words: putty or primer.

No less often the words "putty" (or "putty") are used to name the process of puttying (puttying).

How is it correct to say and write: "I'm puttingty on this wall" or "You putty on that ceiling"? An excursion into the history of the appearance of these words in the Russian language will help to understand this.

Etymology of the verbal noun "putty"

It is best to start studying the issue with the "putty" option. This word was formed from the verb "putty" - that is, to work with a spatula.

The word “spatula” itself (a plate with a handle used in medicine, painting and construction) came into Russian from German (Spatel) and literally translates as “scapula”. Most likely, this happened under Peter I, although there is a possibility that the construction term "putty" came to the Slavic lands centuries earlier, along with German builders.

Throughout the history of using a spatula, its main task in construction and painting (and today in cooking) has been leveling: for artists - the surfaces of canvases, for builders - walls and ceilings, for confectioners - cakes.

The highly specialized meaning of the word "putty" today

Despite the ancient history, little has changed in this process to this day, except perhaps the materials from which the spatulas are made. If in the past centuries it was mainly various metals, sometimes wood, today spatulas are made mainly of plastic and silicone.

In modern Russian, the term "putty" has the status of an official building term. It is used in specialized literature and instructions, technical documentation. That is why professional builders and painters answer the question: “How do you spell the word putty or putty?” be sure to choose the first option.

A little about the verb "shpatlev"

There is simply no such word in modern Russian. However, just a few centuries ago, the legendary Vladimir Dal in his fateful dictionary wrote down the word "putty" as an analogue for the verb "putty".

Linguistics scientists have not yet been able to establish exactly where this spelling came from and why it became so popular that it even got into the dictionary.

The theory is put forward that this is due to the Polish counterpart of the word "spatula". Since some scientists believe that the noun "spatula" got into the Russian language through the mediation of Polish, as was the case with many terms of the era of Peter I. But this is unlikely, since in the language of the Poles this term szpatułka is also written through the letter “t”.

The origin of the words "putty" and "putty"

The progenitor of these cognate terms was the name of a coarse, unsuitable for spinning fiber, which in the old days was used to caulk (hammer) the cracks of wooden houses or boats. We are talking about tow, it was it (wetted with resin or other waterproof mixtures, putties) that was used for caulking (caulking) huts, sheds and various wooden fixtures.

Despite the fact that today this technique seems outdated, many happy owners of their own wooden baths still use tow as a means of reliably blocking the gaps between the logs and are quite satisfied.

The name of this technique was as follows: caulking or caulking.

Most likely, since stone and bricks began to gradually replace wood as a building material, ordinary workers from the people, having heard the word "putty", reinterpreted it under the old familiar - "pitch", especially since the concepts are, in fact, very similar (in both cases it is necessary to mask cracks, holes and other openings).

While both finishing methods were actively used in practice, their names also coexisted in parallel, meaning two related, but different actions. So they got into the dictionary. And (according to some linguists) they could become synonyms simply because Vladimir Dal did not really understand construction and did not know a clear difference between the concepts, considering them identical.

Over the years, caulking, like wooden huts, has become the lot of history and lovers of antiquity, and the word "putty" has often been used instead of "putty". And since by that time it was already part of the literary norm of the Russian language, they began to look at this mistake through their fingers.

How to write correctly: "putty" or "putty"

Considering separately the origin of each term, you can finally deal with the main issue. So, which is correct: putty or putty?

Despite the mistakes of the past, which gave rise to this linguistic incident, today, according to the literary norm of the Russian language, both words can be equally used in speech.

How to correctly: putty or putty - the question of the name of the material for puttying

Although the main issue with the defendants in this spelling dispute has already been resolved (both spellings are acceptable), there are some nuances in this topic that are worth remembering for those who seek to speak and write correctly.

In this case, we are talking about the name of the mixture for putty. Which is correct: putty or putty. Paradoxically, but correctly, this putty is called "putty".

Interestingly, most manufacturers of this substance do not really bother to delve into spelling subtleties, so sometimes the name of this substance is misspelled.

Knowing now what is right: putty or putty, you can no longer be afraid to make repairs. After all, the list of materials for its implementation this time will be written without errors.

Puttying the walls is a stage of repair before finishing, which can be done by hand. The main thing is to choose the right composition and know the algorithm of work, how to putty the walls.

Wall putty is classified according to several criteria. According to the composition, the following types of funds are distinguished:

plaster material. The composition is well applied, hides surface defects and levels the base. The tool does not shrink and has an acceptable price. However, the material is not used in rooms with high humidity.
Cement agent. The product is moisture resistant, so the composition is recommended to be used in a room with high humidity (bathroom, kitchen). The disadvantage is a high degree of shrinkage.
polymer composition. The product is easy to apply, does not shrink and is moisture resistant. The disadvantage is the high price.

According to the sequence of application, the agent is classified as follows:

Starter product. It is a coarse-grained composition. The product is recommended to be applied to the surface after priming. When the question arises of how to putty a brick wall, then this composition cannot be dispensed with. The tool hides defects and levels the building base. The composition is applied to the wall, with a layer of 5 mm, and with numerous surface defects, the thickness can even be 20 mm.
The final composition is a fine-grained product. The product is applied to the surface after cleaning the building base and priming. The product is recommended for use for surface leveling and a better finish. Layer thickness - 1 mm.
Universal product. Used for both draft and final work.

Considering the question of how to putty the walls, it is necessary to talk about the classification according to the degree of readiness. The dry mixture and the finished product are isolated. The second tool is used immediately after opening the bucket. The material is easy to apply, so it is recommended for non-professional craftsmen to putty the walls with such a product. The disadvantage is the high price. The budget option for putty is a dry mix. The disadvantage is that it needs to be cooked, and this requires a construction mixer or a drill with a mixer nozzle.

In addition to the main compositions discussed above, specific products are also distinguished:

Adhesive compounds. The products contain drying oil, adhesives and chalk components. The material is easy to apply and has high strength.
Oil adhesive products. The products contain adhesives, drying oil, chalk components, acrylates and a plasticizer. The composition is recommended for use on wooden and concrete surfaces. The material can only be used indoors.
Latex products. The composition includes calcite components, plasticizers and acrylates. The product is recommended to be used indoors for wooden and concrete building bases.
acrylic compositions. When the question arises, what is the best way to putty a surface, many professionals recommend these products, since such materials are suitable for all types of surfaces. Acrylic putty is an environmentally friendly product that does not crack after drying.
Facade facilities. Compositions are recommended for use for outdoor work. The product has increased moisture resistance and resistance to temperature extremes.
Oil products. The products contain chalk and desiccants (auxiliary components that speed up drying). This composition is recommended for use in rooms with high humidity. The product is used before applying oil and water-based paint.

Why putty walls?

For non-professional craftsmen, the question often arises - why putty walls and ceilings? This step gives the following results:

the surface is leveled;
defects are masked;
the consumption of finishing materials (glue or paint) is reduced;
the pores of the base are filled;
improves the adhesion of the surface to the finish;
peeling of the finish coating from the base is prevented;
the operational period of finishing is extended;
the surface is strengthened.

Puttying algorithm

Instructions for the use of putty require careful study, especially if the repair is performed by an amateur.

Necessary tools and materials

To apply the composition you will need:

putty;
primer;
a set of spatulas for applying putty (as in the photo below);
roller, brush or spray gun for primer;
sandpaper for grinding the surface;
a container for preparing a solution, if a dry agent is used;
drill with a mixer nozzle or a construction mixer.

Preparation of the composition

If a dry primer is used, then dilute the mixture with water in the proportions indicated on the package, stir and apply to the surface. The finished composition does not need to be prepared. Use it for its intended purpose immediately after opening the package. The situation is similar with putty. Apply the finished product immediately to the walls. In this case, you can not hesitate, because the composition quickly hardens. If you use a dry mix, then the product needs to be prepared:

place the composition in a container and add half the required amount of water to it;
mix the solution with a drill with a mixer nozzle or a construction mixer;
gradually add the remaining water to the composition;
stir the product with the tool.

After 15-20 minutes, use the solution for its intended purpose.

Preparation of the building base

Wall puttying lessons say that work begins with surface preparation. Release the building base from the old finish. Next, clean the surface of dust with a construction vacuum cleaner. You can sweep the walls with a broom or brush and rinse with water. After that, treat the base with a degreasing solution and leave to dry. Then apply a primer. Apply the agent in two layers. After each application, take a break to dry the composition.

Applying the starter

Apply the starter after the primer has set. The layer thickness depends on the surface defects. If the base just needs to be leveled and there are small cracks on the wall, then the product is applied, 5 mm thick. In the presence of large defects, the layer thickness may be 2 cm. After each application of the product, take a break to allow the composition to harden. Next, clean the base. To do this, use sandpaper. Work in a respirator and goggles so that the dust from stripping does not enter the upper respiratory tract and eyes. Next, prime the surface to clean the building base and improve the adhesion of the wall and material.

Surface treatment with finishing compound

After the primer dries, apply a finishing putty. The composition will finally level the surface and give the wall smoothness. Layer thickness - 1 mm. When the product hardens, clean the surface with sandpaper. After sanding, prime the building base again. Apply primer in two coats. After the primer dries, you can proceed to the next stage of work.

The video in this article will show you how to properly putty walls.

putty cost

When it comes to how much it costs to putty walls, it is important to understand that the price depends on the type of composition, manufacturer and packaging. The finished composition is more expensive than the dry mixture. In addition, a popular brand sets a high price for their products. A tool from a less popular manufacturer is much cheaper, although it has the same characteristics. Therefore, the cost of putty varies from 300 to 800 rubles per kilogram.

How to putty walls - this question is asked by most people who plan to carry out repairs in any room. It is always more profitable to do at least part of the work with your own hands. A thorough preparation of the walls for subsequent finishing work implies obtaining a perfectly smooth surface, without flaws and roughness. The article will tell you how to do it right.

It is not always necessary to putty the walls to absolute smoothness. For example, this should not be done if the wallpaper, after decorating the surface, hides small scratches from stripping. Putty allows you to remove cracks and pits on the wall, level it well and, if necessary, bring it to a perfectly smooth state.

After that:

It is much easier to glue wallpaper on even walls than on curved ones. In this case, the glue will be evenly absorbed, and the risk of wrinkling of the canvases will be minimal.
Putty removes various tubercles from the plastered walls, visible in sunlight, which will make the surface pimply.

Tip: The instructions for puttying the walls indicate: if the old putty, after removing the wallpaper pasted on it, crumbles, it must be completely removed and the surface puttied again.

Tools required for puttying

Before you start puttying the walls, you need to purchase a minimum set of tools for work:

An electric drill with a nozzle - a mixer. Usually, putty is supplied in the form of a dry mixture, into which a liquid is poured in the right quantities - ordinary clean water. For ideal mixing of the putty mixture, a special mixer is used, which will allow you to get a homogeneous, sufficient density mass without lumps and pieces.

Set of spatulas in different widths. In the process of performing the work, you will need a large and small tool. In hard-to-reach places, it is impossible to obtain a high-quality puttied wall with a large-sized tool; here it is required to use spatulas of small width.
Brushes and rollers for applying a primer to the surface of the walls. This step cannot be skipped. After priming, a thin film appears on the walls, which significantly increases the strength of the wall and ensures high-quality adhesion of the treated walls, regardless of the type of facing material.
rule. It may be necessary due to the large unevenness of the walls, when applying putty in a very thick layer. For high-quality leveling of a thick layer of putty, it is convenient to use a metal long rule.
Building level laser or alcohol. Wall surfaces are often far from perfect. Before you putty the walls yourself, test beacons are installed, with constant monitoring by a laser or spirit level.
Sandpaper. To obtain a beautiful and very even surface, so that it is pleasant to look at, a very fine skin should be used in the final mashing, the ideal result would be a treatment with sandpaper number two hundred and forty. To grout the initial starting putty, the grout should be done with a large coarse sandpaper.
. When using such a tool, sanding becomes more convenient. This is a special device, on the handle of which there are clamps for fixing the skin, as seen in the photo.

Containers for the preparation of putty.
Brushes and rollers for priming walls.

Tip: Wall priming should always be done. It provides a very thin film on the wall, which significantly increases its strength and improves the adhesion of materials.

How to choose putty correctly

What putty is better to putty walls?

According to their composition, they are:

Cement. They are more moisture resistant, but their big drawback is too high a level of shrinkage.
Acrylic (see. Acrylic putty - types, features, application). They have excellent adhesion to the substrate.
Polymer. They have good moisture resistance, they have no shrinkage. The use of polymer putty allows you to get a high quality area after processing the wall. A high price is a significant drawback of the material.
plaster(see Gypsum putty: its advantages and problems of use). Such coatings do not shrink, their cost is low, they lend themselves well to leveling, but they have low resistance to moisture, which limits their area of use.

According to the purpose of putty are:

Leveling or starting. Have:

excellent adhesion of materials;
increased strength;
fairly coarse grain.

For their manufacture, coarse material is used. It is quite convenient to use such putty to remove large differences on the surface of the walls, to hide existing holes, strobes. For the first time, you can easily apply a layer up to one and a half centimeters thick.

Application of repeated layers is carried out after complete drying of the previous ones. The maximum result can be achieved after the installation of a special masking grid, for even distribution of putty.

The advantages of this technology - allows you to lay layers of putty perfectly evenly. In this case, the surface will be more even and sufficiently durable. The coarser the material of the paint mesh, the more even the surface of the walls after processing is obtained.

lighthouses. Such materials do not differ much from leveling putty. The only difference is the use of beacons. A lighthouse is a rail made of:

gypsum;
metal;
tree.

The part is set strictly vertically, which is controlled by the level. Lighthouses to the walls are fixed on a gypsum mixture, which dries fairly quickly, and then puttying is performed directly. This is how the wall is aligned along horizontal lines. To level the applied putty layers, a rule is used.

Using such recommendations, after the completion of the starting work, you can get a flat surface, which is controlled by the level. Due to the high cost, this type of putty is used quite rarely, and visually they almost do not differ.

Universal. Combine the positive properties of starting and decorative mixtures. Their cost is relatively high, but the properties are inferior to other coatings. It is better to use for leveling walls that do not have large defects.

Finishing or decorative(see Do-it-yourself decorative plaster: how to do it right). After applying the lighthouse or starting composition, a finishing coating is performed, which gives the surfaces perfect smoothness, eliminates pores, the smallest cracks.