Myths LSTK technology Construction technology from light steel structures

The technology for the construction of prefabricated buildings based on light steel thin-walled structures (LSTC) is becoming increasingly popular in the domestic market. The essence of this technology is the use of panels made of light steel galvanized profiles and thermal profiles.

At the heart of the house is a frame of load-bearing profiles, partitions, interfloor ceilings, truss systems.

The wall system includes, firstly, external load-bearing wall panels. The wall panel consists of steel thermal profiles with a thickness of 0.8-2.0 mm and effective thermal insulation. Can be used as interior and exterior cladding and insulation various materials: ecowool, mineral wool, foam concrete. As a facade finish, any materials existing today are used: brick, facade slabs, plaster, siding, etc. Secondly, the wall system includes internal bearing walls and partitions. The height of the walls reaches 8 meters, the thickness varies from 100 to 250 mm, the reduced heat transfer resistance is up to 6.04 m²C / W (depending on the thickness of the insulation), the technically achievable fire resistance of the structure is REI 60.

The floor system also consists of load-bearing structures of the interfloor floor, made of steel C- or U-shaped profiles 0.8-2 mm thick, which are installed in 600 mm increments. Ceilings with C-beams cover a span of up to 8 meters. A profiled steel deck is laid on top of the beams, which serves as a base for floors made of gypsum fiber sheets. The ceiling is made of plasterboard sheets attached to the lower belt of the beams through the crate.

The roofing system is load-bearing truss and truss structures made of galvanized steel profiles, free spans are up to 20 meters.

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Construction technologies do not stand still, every year engineers and manufacturers offer new projects and materials for the construction of industrial and residential buildings. Recently, the construction of buildings with the help of LSTC has been of increasing interest among the inhabitants of our country. What it is?

LSTK - light steel thin-walled frame, which can be used for mounting structure floors. The technology is highly developed in Japan (here, almost half of the houses are built in this way), it is gaining popularity in Europe (1/3 of frame buildings from the general fund).

All structures assembled using LSTC are metal box, which is based on steel bent profiles different section . They are fastened to each other with bolts, have special elongated holes necessary to retain heat. The metal frame is sutured with any thermal insulation materials (mineral wool, expanded polystyrene), finished inside and out. In the house you can usually see drywall or plywood, and from the front part - siding, board, lining or even brick.

Applications

LSTC is suitable for construction:

residential premises and low-rise buildings;
warehouses, hangars, storages, garages;
outbuildings for breeding livestock, poultry;
production shops, industrial zones;
retail space, pavilions, kiosks.

Frame structures can also be used for overhaul old buildings, construction of superstructures and attic floors, installation of ventilated facades and creation of vertical flat surfaces for plastering. Already, there are dozens of houses built on the basis of LSTK in different cities and regions of the country: in Krasnodar, Yekaterinburg, Vladivostok, Perm.

Why are frame technologies good?

The advantages of houses built using LSTC are clearly greater than the disadvantages. Let's name the main advantages:

Availability for the general consumer. The erected buildings are not too expensive in terms of cost, which can be achieved due to the simplicity of design. In addition, when constructing a frame structure, it is not necessary to fit a heavy construction equipment, hire professional machinists and drivers for its operation. Substantial savings It is also noted during the operation of the erected structure - the cost of heating a dwelling is reduced by 1.3-1.5 times compared to servicing houses built using traditional technology. The final cost of a square meter of a building can start from 4.5 thousand rubles.
Small terms project implementation and ease of construction. For assembly finished structures sometimes it takes just a few days from steel. The time for construction is also reduced due to the need for only minimal preparation of the base and the construction of a light foundation. A capital slab for LSTK is not needed, since the thickness of the metal can be only 3 mm, which affects the total weight of the structure. Manufacturing process not tied to additional complex work (for example, welding), the floor elements are connected using threaded fasteners. As a result, the house is ready in a matter of 4-6 months.

Increased strength and durability. The profile for LSTK is made from cold-rolled galvanized sheet (at the request of the customer - additionally painted or coated with a polymer), the yield strength of which ranges from 250 to 350 MPa. This excludes the possibility of corrosion processes and rusting of metal.

Threaded parts made of carbon steel or galvanized metal are used as fasteners.

Buildings at LSTC are suitable for operation for 30-65 years. It is noteworthy that this period is not reduced even when buildings are erected in conditions of high humidity and when exposed to an aggressive environment (for example, the implementation of projects on the coast of the sea).

Environmental friendliness. Metal frames are not a source of toxic and harmful substances in environment, do not require treatment with special chemical compositions.
Fire safety. As a rule, LSTC is used in combination with metal siding, drywall, mineral wool, which are resistant to direct fire.
Seismic resistance. Although in our country this is not the main requirement for buildings, it may well indicate the strength of LSTC. The profile is characterized by a certain elasticity, which is achieved by the inclusion of additional ligaments. As a result, frame houses are able to withstand earthquakes up to 9 points.
correct geometry. The building project is developed using computer programs, allowing you to model the future structure and know in advance exactly how it will look. All profiles are manufactured at the factory, marked, and then delivered to the site to assemble the building according to a predetermined scheme. As a result, the customer receives a house with perfectly even corners and walls, and does not overpay for building materials that have not been used.
No shrinkage and preservation of all original characteristics long term. The design does not change its shape over time, reacting to changes in the environment (humidity, sun rays, ground movements), in contrast wooden buildings. After several years of operation, cracks and cracks do not appear on the walls of the building.
Wide architectural possibilities. Thanks to the creation of layouts on a computer and the preparation of house designs in special programs, all the details of construction can be foreseen in advance. From a technological point of view, when erecting buildings on LSTK, it is possible to erect rooms with spans of up to 12 m, and when strengthening supports - up to 15 m. It is also nice that metal structures are suitable for using a variety of finishing materials artificial or natural origin.

disadvantages

Some engineers consider the low weight of the building an advantage, while others, on the contrary, attribute it to a disadvantage. This usually happens if you have to mount the frame on heavily heaving soils, as there is a risk that the building may rise above the ground when the soil freezes. But despite this, the walls are not at all covered with cracks (as with brick or block structures) due to the increased strength of the material.

The next drawback of frame construction will be felt mainly by users of such buildings. The point is that the lining internal walls construction is carried out with light panels (usually drywall), the bearing capacity of which is extremely low. It is not recommended to mount heavy cabinets, shelves, bulky paintings on such surfaces.

How houses are built based on LSTK

As a rule, a strip or column foundation is constructed as a base for frame structures. Further, almost all houses are assembled according to the same scheme:

The layout is carried out in accordance with the instructions for the building elements along the entire perimeter of the foundation.
Waterproofing work is being carried out - a tape or base pillars are being prepared.
Marking is applied. The support ring of the profile is attached to the concrete surface with anchor bolts.
The load-bearing wall panels are fixed, while the installers rely on the markings applied to the material during production.
The partition frame is installed inside the building.
Installation of ceiling panels and rafters.
Works on wall insulation, sheathing outside and inside.

Building construction technology LSTK

LSTK during repair and restoration

Often, a metal frame made of steel is also used for the reconstruction of old facades, the construction of ventilated or plastered external walls. An additional layer of building materials allows not only to improve appearance building, but also to insulate it at the same time.

When erecting ventilated facades and roofs metallic profile serves as a framework. The thickness of the structural elements is selected depending on the material used in the future. In most cases, the sequence of actions when creating a ventilated facade is the same: mounting the frame, insulation, covering with a diffuse film, installing additional parts, sheathing.

When plastering the surface, it is similarly necessary to first build a frame structure, insert sheets of expanded polystyrene, and then apply the mixture to the mounting grid.

In order to create floors(floor or ceiling base) profiles with Z or C-section and special corners. When the beams are installed, it is the turn of the installation of the crate. If necessary, insulation is carried out, and then a vapor barrier is necessarily attached. The rough work is closed with drywall.

LSTC: the opinion of the owners of frame buildings

Those who have already managed to operate buildings built using a light thin-walled frame noted the positive aspects of such structures. So, one of the significant advantages for homeowners is the simplicity and speed of assembly. But it was not without its downsides. Some owners point to poor sound insulation of floors. Any blows when solid or hard objects come into contact with metal become audible almost throughout the room. Some even talk about the two-story building a person upstairs can clearly distinguish the steps of people walking downstairs. But the solution to this problem, it turns out, is. At the stage of assembly of the structure, it is necessary to insert rubber gaskets on the guides, they will muffle unnecessary sounds, eliminate the vibration of the beams.

Judging by the reviews, it can also be noted that the LSTC technology is really available. At the same time, houses show themselves with better side: at any time of the year they have a good, comfortable microclimate for a person. In winter, there is no penetration of cold, and in summer the walls do not heat up under the rays of the sun. But no matter how positive the thermal insulation qualities of such buildings are, you need to choose heating appliances and equipment for climate control wisely. With proper design, you will not have to spend extra resources on heating the room and fumble with the appearance of condensate on the walls.

It is also noted that the buildings are durable, strong and easy to assemble.

Practical application in Russia

Most often, light steel frames were previously used for the construction of low-rise buildings, mainly for industrial purposes. However, it should be noted that the number of companies providing services for the construction of houses on LSTK is not decreasing, which means that the technology is in demand.

Conclusion. The LSTC technology can be safely called promising in our country. It is distinguished by many advantages both at the construction stage, external and interior decoration, and during the operation of already finished buildings.

Light steel thin-walled structures (LSTC) – modern technology rapid erection of buildings and structures, which are made of steel building elements with a thickness of up to 3 ... 4 mm. Abroad, in Europe, this technology is called Light Gauge Steel Framing (LGSF).

What is LSTC? Where LSTC structures are used in construction

The LSTK technology is an alternative to timber frame construction and was developed to reduce the cost and speed up the process of building low-rise middle-class houses. Building elements from LSTK are used as self-supporting structures of low-rise buildings ( photo 1) or in combination with traditional building construction technologies from standard building materials: wood, metal, brick, reinforced concrete ( photo 2).

Photo 1_Frame low-rise buildings from LSTK

Photo 2. LSTC building elements in combination with traditional technologies for building buildings from standard building materials

Such countries as Canada, the USA, countries Western Europe, China. In Russia and Ukraine, as well as in other CIS countries, the design and construction of metal structures (MC) and light metal structures (LMC) were more practiced, which have significant differences from the LSTC technology.

Signs of LSTC

Consider the main features of light steel thin-walled structures (LSTC):

The thickness of the steel from which the building elements are made does not exceed 3 ... 4 mm (0.7 ... 4 mm); steel yield strength 250 ... 350 MPa and more; relative elongation not less than 18%.
For the manufacture of building elements, cold-rolled zinc-coated steel sheet is used, the mass of which is at least 275 g/m 2 .
The main elements of LSTK are cold-formed profiles of open and closed sections.
Thin-walled profiles with perforated walls (thermal profiles) are used as building envelopes - walls and ceilings - they improve the thermal performance of building envelopes.
Basically, LSTK elements are connected with high-quality self-tapping screws from:

of stainless steel;
carbon steel with zinc or cadmium coating;
carbon steel with cadmium coating.

The design calculations from LSTK take into account the joint work of all building elements, including the work of internal, external skins and other non-metallic elements.
The design of buildings from LSTC is carried out using computer two-dimensional and three-dimensional modeling (using the effects of spatial work of structures).
All building elements according to the LSTC technology are manufactured at specialized enterprises, and at construction sites they are only assembled into a single structure.
At the enterprise, strictly according to the working drawings, all elements of the frame and its skin are manufactured, strictly in right place special holes are marked or drilled in the elements to connect the elements into a single frame.

The main building elements of LSTK structures include profiled or perforated galvanized steel thin-walled profiles, from which racks, lintels, guides, girders, etc. are made, photo 3.

The basis of the building, built according to the LSTK technology, is a bearing rigid and durable frame, which is assembled from light steel thin-walled structures. Due to the low weight of a building made of LSTK, a shallow foundation is often used (on average, the height of the foundation is 0.6 m, the width is 0.2 ... 0.6 m).

Photo 3. Elements of the LSTK frame

Bent LSTK profiles are represented by 4 main types cross section , photo 4:

U-shaped profile (channel);
C-shaped profile;
z-profile;
corner.

Profile height – 100…350 mm.

Photo 4. Varieties of LSTK profiles: 1 - U-shaped (guide) thermal profile; 2 - C-shaped (rack-mount) thermal profile; 3 - hat thermal profile; 4 - U-shaped (guide) profile; 5 - C-shaped (rack-mount) profile; 6 - galvanized corner; 7 - Z-profile

Connections between building elements of LSTK are performed using:

bolts (diameter 5…16 mm);
self-tapping screws;
special screws (self-drilling and self-tapping screws);
rivets;
powder mounting dowels;
pneumatic mounting dowels;
press connections;
plates;
hairpins.

The frame of the building from LSTK is sheathed with standard modules, photo 5:

roof panels, photo 5a;
Wall panels, photo 5b;
floor panels, photo 5c.

To improve the heat and sound insulation properties of the panels, a heater is installed inside them (most often it is mineral wool).

Photo 5. Standard building modules from LSTC: a) roof panels; b) wall panels; c) floor panels

For the construction of low-rise buildings using the LSTK technology, the outer walls can be made in two versions:

load-bearing walls from a frame including thermal profiles;
self-supporting walls made of prefabricated sheets or panels

What is LSTK thermal panels?

Thermopanels LSTK produced according to custom order at specialized enterprises and are designed to fill the space between the building frame and the formation of external walls. LSTK thermal panels are used in the construction of residential and office buildings, hotels, hotels, cafes, shopping centers etc. The thickness of the panels is 15…25 cm (the reduced heat transfer resistance of the wall is 3.2…5.1 m 2 °C/W).

Thermal panels are mainly composed of the following components, photo 6:

exterior finish (may be brick, siding, wooden lining etc.);
gypsum boards (2 layers);
mineral non-combustible basalt insulation or fiberglass insulation in the form of plates;
vapor barrier film;
the supporting frame of the panel, consisting of jumpers, guides and rack-mount thermal profiles;
internal lining - made mainly of drywall.

The peculiarity of thermal profiles lies in their design. Galvanized steel elements of the thermal profile are perforated (notched) in the form of long holes arranged in a checkerboard pattern. With this arrangement of the perforation, a decrease in the thermal conductivity of the steel profile is achieved (the effect of increasing the length of the heat-conducting section through which heat losses occur).

Photo 6. circuit diagram building devices based on thermal profiles. Thermal panel device: 1 - external finish; 2 - gypsum boards (2 layers); 3- mineral insulation; 4 - vapor barrier film; 5 - guide thermal profiles; 6 - rack thermal profiles; 7 - thermal profile jumper

LSTK thermal panels are manufactured at the enterprise and already in ready-made installed directly on the construction site, photo 7.

Photo 7. Installation of LSTK thermal panels

The sequence of organization of construction according to the LSTK technology

Determination of the design and size of the house.
Performance of calculation and design works, on the basis of which they make up project documentation, and is determined right amount construction elements of LSTK.
Produced: manufacturing of building elements, drilling of technological holes and marking of all elements, according to assembly drawings. The production of all elements is carried out on average in 2 ... 5 days (depending on the complexity of the design).
Delivery of all items to construction site disassembled or assembled main parts (panels). The set of parts that should be delivered to the construction site includes:

profile of the required size, according to the drawings;
connecting fasteners of nodes (fasteners and parts must be galvanized);
assembly drawings.

What are the advantages of LSTK technology?

High construction speed. For 4 ... 5 months, you can completely build a medium-sized house.
Lightweight construction. A building made of LSTK structures does not exert much pressure on the foundation or underlying structures. This property is especially valuable when making add-ons from LSTK of existing buildings.
All-weather construction. Possibility of construction using LSTK technology in any weather all year round. In most cases, there are no “wet processes” during construction.
Ease of construction. For the construction of a residential building, it is enough to involve a team of installers consisting of 3 ... 4 people. The weight of one LSTC part does not exceed 100 kg. Frame of an ordinary trading pavilion with total area 200 m 2 can be assembled completely in 3 days by a team of 4 people. There is no need to use heavy lifting equipment.
Seismic resistance. In Japan, construction using LSTK technology has become widespread.
Minimum heat loss of buildings built using the LSTK technology.
Not difficult transportation of construction elements of LSTK.
High quality. All elements are manufactured at a factory or a specialized enterprise.
Relatively low construction cost. The cost of 1 m 2 of "turnkey" housing is approximately $400...500.
Structural advantages. The LSTC structure is relatively easy to dismantle and install again in the right place, at minimal cost (it is possible to erect collapsible structures). It is possible to install on buildings from LSTK different finishes facade: brick, siding, lining, profiled sheet, etc., rice, 8b.

Safe build. Assembly (disassembly) of structures is carried out without the use of welding.
biostable material. Mold and fungus do not take root on galvanized steel.

Photo 8. Benefits application of LSTC technology for building construction

What are the disadvantages of LSTK technology?

The durability of the load-bearing structures of the LSTK and the building (structure) as a whole strongly depends on the quality of the production of steel profiles and the installation of the LSTK structures. In countries former USSR This technology has been used relatively recently, so the quality of materials and work does not always meet the requirements of this technology. On average, the durability of load-bearing frames made of LSTK in our conditions is 40 years (due to corrosion of a galvanized profile, the durability of LSTK is low, compared with stone, concrete and brick buildings; LSTK elements are made of steel with zinc coating in two versions - up to 120 g / m 2 and more than 350 g / m 2. In the second option, the thickness of the zinc coating reaches 25 microns, which reliably protects steel from corrosion and provides a higher durability of the structure).
The manufacture of light steel thin-walled structures is carried out only at the factory.
Calculation and design should be trusted to professionals, and preferably with extensive experience. Also, the installation of LSTC elements should be carried out strictly according to the drawing, since ignoring the details of the drawing can lead to disastrous consequences, photo 9.
For construction in the CIS countries, there are practically no LSTC design standards. When designing LSTK in Europe, they are guided by DIN and Eurocode standards.
Low fire resistance steel structures building frame (it is necessary to increase it by making fire-resistant protective sheathing.
After a fire, the load-bearing structures of the LSTK frame cannot be restored and require a complete replacement.

Photo 9

Scope of LSTK

construction of enclosing structures in the construction of multi-storey buildings;
construction of low-rise buildings (cottages, townhouses) and ancillary buildings (garages, sheds, utility blocks, etc.);
construction of interfloor and attic floors;
construction of attic floors;
construction of warehouses, shops, garages;
arrangement of ventilated facades;
construction of office buildings;
construction of prefabricated and prefabricated buildings (structures);
execution of superstructures of existing buildings.

On the photo 10 examples of the use of LSTK construction technology are given.

Photo 10. Scope of LSTK technology

The publication was prepared by an expert

Konev Alexander Anatolievich

Modern life dictates its conditions. The acceleration of the modern life cycle is becoming the norm for everyone, for a certain time people try to do more things, show more high efficiency actions. Construction of private residential buildings this trend is also not spared.

In construction, a revolution was planned for a long time and the rejection of archaic methods of buildings made of brick and concrete. Until recently, buildings made from these building materials were the standard of durability and solidity, but due to their high cost they cannot be used everywhere. In addition, special skills are required for the construction of a dwelling from these materials, a large number wasted time and human resources. Therefore, light steel thin-walled structures should be considered as an alternative fundamental source for the construction of private residential buildings and utility buildings.

The birthplace of light steel thin-walled structures is Canada. Frame construction based on LSTK began in the middle of the last century. In Russia, this technology came very late and still enjoys unsightly undeserved fame. However, it is worth taking a closer look at this issue and considering in detail the existing advantages and disadvantages, as well as dispelling the myths of using LSTK.

Construction of a frame-type house from LSTK, features and recommendations

Any construction "from scratch" should begin with the development of a project for future construction. Moreover, it is necessary to understand that even in a crisis and an acute shortage of funds, it is better to entrust this business to professional developers, estimators, and builders. Since it is quite difficult to assemble a house using LSTK technology with your own hands, there is a high probability of making mistakes that will negatively affect the operation of the house in the future.

Specialists will develop a construction plan, taking into account all the existing nuances of construction: the soil on which it is planned to build a house using the LSTK technology, climatic conditions customer, additional wishes in the design that the customer wants to implement, etc. They will help with advice in a difficult situation, talk about the features of collecting such a house, and most importantly, they will correctly make calculations and transfer them to paper in the form of drawings. According to the finished drawings, the steel structure plant produces a ready-made set of profiles with necessary quantity fastening materials.

Foundation. The construction of the foundation of the future home is the most important component of any construction. Since mistakes during this stage of work can become critical, and correcting them is quite laborious, energy-intensive and expensive, experts recommend using a columnar foundation as the best foundation for such a house. The pillars are the base in each corner of the dwelling, as well as under the supports of the most loaded areas at a distance of 150 to 250 centimeters between them. Brick, concrete, stone and reinforced concrete materials are used as the material for the pillars. Under such a light house, laying a strip foundation is allowed.
Plinth. The socle is considered to be the above-ground part of the foundation, which limits the underground space. When choosing a columnar foundation for a house, the structural elements of the basement are the grillage and the fence, which fills the space between the foundation pillars. The pick-up is carried out, as a rule, from socle slabs, bricks or monolithic concrete.

Important! A prerequisite for the installation of the plinth is the layout of the ventilation holes in order to exclude the appearance of dampness in the basement, as well as the mold and fungus that it causes.

Floor . Installation of basement and floor base is carried out according to the following technology: waterproofing is installed on the grillage by laying one layer of roofing material. Then runs from LSTK are mounted, and logs are laid along the runs. From above, sheathing with moisture-resistant plywood is provided, waterproofing is provided, additional logs are placed, insulation material is laid. Then a vapor barrier is made, for reliability, another layer of moisture-resistant plywood, and the final stage is the installation of the floor covering.
Walls, partitions. First, the LSTK frame is mounted, then the insulation is laid between the frame racks (as a rule, mineral wool slabs are used). On the inside of the outer partition, a vapor barrier layer is made and sheathing is made sheet material. outer side sheathed with sheet material and prepared for further finishing.
Roof . Roof construction begins with design truss system. Step 35 or 60 centimeters. According to the type of roof, the battens are installed along the rafters.
Facade. Any construction ends with the production of facade work. Depending on how high-quality material is chosen, not only the external and aesthetic appearance of the living space depends, but also the physical characteristics of the future home: sound insulation and heat insulation. But there are no specific recommendations in the performance of facade work, here, what is called "an amateur". The facade can be made from the budget vinyl siding or such expensive materials as facing brick or artificial stone.

Composition of light steel thin-walled structures

As a rule, LGSF products are produced by large manufacturers who can guarantee good quality products and have proven themselves from the best side. LSTK consists of a smooth, galvanized and high-strength profile of various shapes. As fasteners can be used: bolts from 5 to 16 millimeters, blind rivets, mounting dowels.

Where is LSTC technology used?

Positive traits building material significantly exceed the negative ones, so construction using the LSTK technology has a rather extensive list of various designs. This technology is most widely used in the construction of private houses, production and storage facilities. In addition, it is used as fencing for multi-storey residential premises.

Advantages and disadvantages of a house from LSTC

The construction of a house made of LSTC, however, like any other, has a number of positive and negative characteristics. Disadvantages of using LSTC:

Thin-walled house. Although this is an ambiguous opinion. Proponents argue that the profile of lightweight steel structures can be bent with little physical stress. However, the strength of the house is determined not by the strength of its individual element, but by the strength of their combination in assembled form;
Short operating life. This statement is also subject to closer scrutiny. The narrow-minded statement is based on prejudices and is not expert. Those who are faced with this problem most likely should look for a factory defect or a violation of the technology of building a house;
Low quality material. This is the most objective assessment of the Russian Federation material. Manufacturers save on technological process and release material with numerous violations in the production process. Therefore, on this moment you should not turn to little-known regional manufacturers, but pay attention to firms that have proven themselves on the positive side.

Benefits of using LSTC:

Environmental friendliness - when building a house from LSTC, no harm is done to the environment;
Frame construction of a house from LSTC requires a small amount of time. The house will be ready approximately 3 months after the start of construction by a team of 4 workers. Of course, it all depends on the intensity of the work;
Relatively easy installation based on factory instructions and drawings;
High strength of the material, subject to the production technology;
Low cost of building material - the construction of light frame houses from LSTK allows you to reduce construction costs by 30 - 40% compared to similar materials;
High seismic resistance;
Length of service life;
Wet mounting. The technology, where a steel profile is used to build a house, was originally designed for the Canadian climate, which is characterized by sudden temperature changes and high humidity. The construction of a house from LSTC is allowed to be carried out at any time of the year under any weather conditions;
High dimensional accuracy of all elements that are produced at the factory, and good thermal insulation properties.

Advantages

The construction of LSTK frame houses is an alternative traditional technologies, which, at current prices, require large financial investments, the construction process itself depends on the weather and can be extended indefinitely.

The LSTK profile has a thickness of up to 4 millimeters and is coated for corrosion protection. protective layer zinc. Therefore, opponents of building from such materials have no reason to argue that a house made using the technology of light steel structures has insufficient strength.

LSTK technology is called a special alternative view frame construction. The recently increased popularity of this technique is primarily due to the possibility of reducing the cost of erecting buildings and structures, as well as its environmental safety.

What is LSTC?

Actually, the abbreviation LSTK itself stands for. The basis for buildings erected using this technology are metal bent profiles of different sections, connected by bolts. To improve the heat-preserving characteristics of such houses, special elongated holes are made in the walls of steel elements.

As a heater in a metal frame, any modern insulating materials can be installed. Most often it is mineral wool or polystyrene foam. As an internal lining, either drywall or plywood is used. Outside, such buildings and structures are trimmed with siding, clapboard, board, or lined with bricks.

Main areas of use

LSTC (construction technology) can be used during the construction of:

residential low-rise buildings;

outbuildings;
production shops;
trade pavilions.

Also, this technology is often used in the reconstruction of old buildings, the construction of attic floors and the assembly of ventilated or plaster facades. In most regions of our country, LSTK construction technology can be used. Perm, Krasnodar, Yekaterinburg - everywhere such houses will be comfortable for living and will stand for a long time.

Main advantages of technology

The advantages of buildings and structures erected according to the LSTK method, first of all, include:

Cheapness. Savings are achieved due to the simplicity of design, the absence of the need for heavy equipment during installation, etc.

Ease of construction. The LSTK frame buildings are assembled in just a few days.

No need to build powerful expensive foundations. For the manufacture of profiles, according to standards, steel with a thickness of not more than 3 mm can be used. Therefore, the frame walls erected from them weigh a little.

Strength and durability. LSTK is a construction technology that allows you to build very stable buildings and structures. This profile is made from cold rolled sheet s from 250 to 350 MPa. That is, the frame of the structure during operation will not corrode. Sometimes, for the construction of such buildings, a special galvanized profile is also used, additionally painted or coated with a polymer composition. To connect parts during the assembly of buildings, special fasteners made of stainless or galvanized carbon steel are used.

Ecological safety. Steel, like wood, does not emit any harmful substances into the environment. At the same time, harmful substances are not used to process LSTK profiles.

Fire safety. Most often, when cladding buildings, LSTCs are used metal siding and drywall, and for their insulation - mineral wool. All these materials, like steel itself, are non-combustible.

Frame construction using LSTK technology, among other things, also has the following advantages:

seismic resistance of buildings under construction;

high assembly accuracy;

excellent operational qualities of the erected structures;

wide opportunities in the field of architectural planning.

Seismic stability of LSTK

LSTC is a construction technology used, among other things, in the construction of buildings in areas where there is an increased risk of earthquakes. The fact is that such a profile is elastic (due to different kind additional connections). According to the assurances of the developers of the LSTK technology, buildings assembled on such a frame can withstand earthquakes with a power of up to 9 points without harm to themselves. Of course, most regions of Russia are not seismically hazardous. However, such strength and elasticity of frames speaks of their highest quality.

Construction Precision

This is one of the most important advantages of the LSTK technology. The design of such buildings is carried out using special 3D computer programs. All profiles are cut and packaged already at the production stage. That is, all builders need to do is to assemble wall panels from ready-made, appropriately marked material. There is no waste during the construction of the building, and all its elements are geometrically absolutely verified.

Performance characteristics

Convenience of living and maintaining economic activity- Another plus that distinguishes such construction of houses. LGSF technology allows you to build really comfortable buildings. Unlike wood, they never shrink and do not react in any way to changes in air humidity. That is, even after several years of operation, cracks do not appear in the walls of such structures, but they themselves retain their exact geometric dimensions. All this ensures maximum heat retention.

Opportunities in terms of architectural planning

Since the design of such structures is carried out using computers and special software, they can have a very different exterior, often quite original. In addition, the LSTK technology makes it possible to erect structures without the use of intermediate supports with spans of up to 12 m, and in the case of structural reinforcement, up to 15 m. Thanks to this feature, the interior space of houses can be designed as rationally as possible. In addition, this makes it possible to conveniently arrange elements of communication systems and build various additional segments into the walls (niches for built-in appliances, storerooms, etc.).

What are the disadvantages of LSTK (construction technology)

An indirect disadvantage of this technique is, by and large, only a slight weight of the structures themselves. On heavily heaving soils in spring, light structures of the LSTK can rise above the ground. However, due to the strength of the material, cracks in the walls usually do not appear. In order to avoid lifting, it is recommended to conduct a thorough geological survey before building a building.

What other disadvantages does LSTK (construction technology) have? Another small disadvantage of this technique is that in such houses it is difficult to hang various household items on the walls: paintings, shelves, cabinets. Indeed, in most cases, the inner lining for the LSTK frame is made of drywall, which has a low bearing capacity.

Features of the method of building houses

Shallow or columnar foundation - best varieties grounds for LSTK houses. The construction technology in this case is as follows:

All elements are laid out according to the installation scheme along the foundation area.

Tape or poles are waterproofed.

The support profile is attached to the concrete by means of a preliminary marking on the foundation itself.

All load-bearing wall panels are sequentially mounted on the supporting profile, according to the marking made at the enterprise.

The framework of internal walls and partitions is installed.

Ceiling panels or LSTK are mounted. The former are often not used. In this case, the lower chords of the trusses serve as the basis for the ceiling.

The construction of buildings using the LSTK technology is being completed with the installation of insulation and wall cladding.

Features of the assembly of ventilated and plaster facades

These elements are used primarily to improve the appearance of buildings and their heat-retaining qualities. LSTK-profile in the construction of ventilated facades and roofs is used to assemble the frame. The thickness of the elements in this case is determined by the material used to build the building envelope, as well as the area of the latter.

Traditional LSTK are built using a simple technology. That is, the frame itself is first mounted, then the insulation plates are installed. At the next stage, the facade is covered with a diffusion film. Further mounted additional elements for arranging the ventilation layer and sheathing is performed.

In addition to the construction of traditional, LSTK-profile can be used for the construction of plaster facades. The latter can be light or heavy, insulated or simple. They are also built using conventional technology. First, a profile frame is attached to the wall. Next, sheets of expanded polystyrene are installed. Then plastering is performed using a paint grid.

Assembly of floors

Interfloor ceilings are structures for the construction of which LSTK (construction technology) is also used. Buildings with such strong and durable ceilings and floors are being built in Ufa, St. Petersburg, Astrakhan and other cities. For the installation of ceilings, a profile having a Z or C-shaped section is usually used. Rigidity is provided by applying steel corners. After the installation of the beams, the crate is additionally assembled. A vapor barrier film is attached to it. Insulation can be pre-installed. Sheathing is most often done using gypsum-fiber sheets. From the side of the attic or attic, profiled steel sheets(with rubber padding to ensure sound insulation). The subfloor itself is made either from gypsum boards or plywood.

LSTK: construction technology. Consumer reviews

The opinion about such structures from their owners has developed, in general, not bad. Living in such houses is quite convenient. The advantages of structures of this type, many refer mainly to ease of assembly. The disadvantage of LSTK houses, most owners consider a very low level of sound insulation. Everything percussion sounds on metal frame dissipate just instantly. Many note the fact that, for example, a person located on the second floor in such a house can perfectly hear how his family members walk on the first floor. To solve this problem, the owners of LSTK buildings are advised to use special rubber gaskets on the rails during their construction.

LSTC is a construction technology (reviews are direct confirmation of this), which is relatively cheap. In addition, such buildings are praised for their microclimate. They are quite warm in winter, and not particularly hot in summer. However, for the selection heating system and climate control equipment is usually advised to approach responsibly. The advantages of LSTK houses, among other things, include the rapid heating of the air in all rooms when the boiler is turned on. Sometimes condensation appears on the walls of such houses. But this happens quite rarely.

Unfortunately, there are not too many houses built using the LSTK technology in our country yet. Therefore, there are quite a few reviews about them. Basically, this technique is used to build mansard trusses and ventilated facades. Owners have opinions about such designs suburban areas unambiguously positive. The advantages include, first of all, low weight, strength and durability of structures.

Output

Cheapness, environmental friendliness, fire safety - all these advantages, of course, are distinguished by LSTK - construction technology. Photos of houses built using this technology, presented on our page, clearly demonstrate their quite attractive appearance. Thus, due to the huge number of advantages, this technique will certainly gain more and more popularity among domestic owners of suburban areas in the future.

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