Plates and sheet materials for subfloor installation. Flooring materials

What types of slabs for construction, repair and wall, floor and ceiling cladding exist? Their features, advantages and disadvantages. If we take frame houses as an example, then the durability and appearance of such houses directly depend on the panels used for interior and exterior cladding. Moreover, the use of panels with a finished finish or a layer of thermal insulation (sandwich panel) significantly reduces the already short time for erecting a prefabricated frame house.

Chipboard

chipboard It is made by hot pressing wood shavings with binding thermoactive resins, which make up 6-18% of the weight of the shavings. Resins are environmentally unsafe, as they contain formaldehyde harmful to humans. According to the content of this substance, chipboard is divided into classes E1 and E2. More environmentally friendly class E1, it is allowed to be used in the production of even children's furniture. Entirely lined particle boards do not pose any harm to health, only open edges have a harmful effect. New technologies make it possible to produce Super E class boards, which are considered safe according to all sanitary standards. In general, the material has a sufficiently high density, low cost and ease of processing. Chipboards sheathe walls, roofs, make partitions, floors, use as a base for linoleum and carpeting.

Advantages of chipboard:

• a wide range of colors, patterns, thicknesses;
• easy to process;
• structural homogeneity.

Disadvantages of chipboard:

• does not hold screws and nails well, especially when reassembling;
• vulnerable to moisture;
• contains carcinogens (eg melamine).

MDF

Medium Density Wood Board or dry pressed fibreboard. MDF from English (Medium Density Fiberboard). It is made from wood chips, ground into flour by dry pressing, at high temperature and pressure with the addition of lignin, which is found in natural wood. Lignin makes this material environmentally friendly and resistant to fungi and microorganisms. MDF boards come in thicknesses from 3 to 30 mm and are laminated with plastics, varnished or veneered. In terms of moisture resistance and mechanical characteristics, MDF is superior to natural wood and chipboard. Also, MDF is 2 times stronger and holds screws better. MDF is used for interior decoration, for example, in the form of wall panels or laminated flooring - laminate, in the manufacture of furniture, speaker cabinets. MDF has a uniform structure, is easy to process, and is very durable.

Advantages of MDF:

• fire resistance;
• biostability;
• high strength;
• better than chipboard holds screws;
• moisture resistance is higher than that of chipboard;
• wide choice of colors and patterns thanks to film and veneer coating.

Disadvantages of MDF:

• burns with the release of poisonous smoke;
• pulverized sawdust formed during the processing and sawing of boards is harmful to health.

Drywall (gypsum board)

It is rightfully considered one of the most popular materials for leveling walls, ceilings and floors, interior partitions and even decorative elements such as arches, columns, spheroids, multi-level ceiling coverings, etc. The main component of drywall sheets is gypsum filler and this determines many of the positive qualities of the building material. So, drywall is chemically inert, its acidity is approximately equal to the acidity of human skin, it does not contain and does not emit chemical compounds harmful to humans into the environment. A standard board is 93% gypsum dihydrate, 6% cardboard, and another 1% surfactants, starch and moisture.

Thus, the fragility of the panels makes it difficult to transport, loading and unloading. For the same reason, GKL cannot withstand significant physical exertion and is not recommended for leveling floors. Suspended plasterboard ceilings can withstand a weight of no more than 4 kg per square meter, while stretch ceilings can carry a load of more than 100 kg per square meter.

A variation or more modern modification of a simple drywall sheet is painted or laminated drywall, gypsum vinyl or gypsum board- colored drywall, with a vinyl coating. A fundamentally new material that has an initially exclusive appearance with a wide choice of decor. It is used for interior wall cladding, for sewing window slopes, creating partitions, shop windows and exhibition racks, without additional finishing.

Laminated drywall, gypsum vinyl or gypsolam - colored drywall, pasted over with a vinyl coating

These environmentally friendly non-combustible panels are a gypsum board glued on both sides with a special cardboard. They have an ideal geometry and are used for the construction of internal partitions and filing ceilings. Supplied in sheets 2700 (3000) x 1200 x 12 mm. Special brands of drywall are produced for wet (bathroom) and fire hazardous (fireplace wall) rooms. They are painted in "signal" colors - red and green. There is drywall and increased plasticity (thickness 6 mm, width 900 mm) for sheathing rounded walls. On the basis of drywall, “sandwich” panels are made with a heat-insulating layer of polyurethane foam (up to 50 mm). They are already used for interior cladding of exterior walls without subsequent insulation and vapor barrier. This significantly reduces construction time.

Advantages of drywall:

• does not burn, but with significant heating is destroyed;

Disadvantages of drywall:

• low strength, brittleness;
• greater vulnerability to moisture even of a moisture-resistant variety;
• does not tolerate low temperatures and significant temperature changes;
• only suitable for interior decoration.

gypsum board

Gypsum boards practical, modern and environmentally friendly material, as it is made without the use of toxic substances from natural gypsum, which does not conduct electricity and has no smell. Gypsum board meets all fire safety requirements. Gypsum board, gypsum tongue-and-groove board (PGP) is the main material in the construction of partitions, suspended ceilings, and various decorative ledges. It is used for leveling ceilings, walls, "stitching" communication systems. Gypsum board is moisture resistant and standard. Standard is used in buildings with normal humidity. For damp rooms, plates with hydrophobic additives are intended. Such plates are easily distinguished by their characteristic green color.

Advantages of gypsum boards:

• environmental and sanitary safety;
• easy to process: cut, drill;
• low combustible material, flammability class G1
• relatively cheap.

Disadvantages of gypsum boards:

• low strength, brittleness;
• great vulnerability to moisture even of a moisture-resistant variety.

Gypsum fiber sheet

Gypsum fiber sheet (GVL) is a modern environmentally friendly homogeneous material with excellent technical characteristics. It is produced by semi-dry pressing of a mixture of gypsum and cellulose waste paper. According to its physical properties, the gypsum fiber sheet is a fairly strong, solid material, also famous for its refractory qualities.

Gypsum fiber sheet, due to its versatility, has become very widespread in the construction industry. It is used for the installation of interior partitions, floor screeds, suspended ceilings, wall cladding and fire protection of structures. GVL for the floor is popular, which serves to assemble the base of the floor covering, as well as the facing option, with which, for example, wooden surfaces are sheathed, thereby increasing their fire resistance. Depending on the area of ​​application, gypsum-fiber sheets are divided into two types: GVLV (moisture resistant) and GVL (ordinary).

Advantages of gypsum fiber sheets:

• GVL in comparison with GKL more easily tolerates sawing in any direction, as it is homogeneous in composition;
• Higher strength due to reinforcement with cellulose fiber;
• Increased sound insulation.

disadvantages gypsum fiber sheets:

• Less bending strength than GKL;
• Less suitable for interior decoration than GKL;
• The need for pre-treatment before painting.

Cement particle boards (DSP)- ideal material for external cladding of frames and partitions in damp and flammable rooms, serves as a good leveling base for all floor coverings. Has a hard and smooth surface, plastered and tiled, sawn with a hacksaw, non-flammable, resistant to moisture and temperature fluctuations. Supplied in sheets 3600 x 1200 x 10 (12, 16, 20 and 26) mm.

Plywood is one of the most common materials widely used in construction. Plywood is produced by gluing several layers of peeled veneer with phenol-formaldehyde resins. For this purpose, as a rule, birch or coniferous veneer of small thickness is used. The choice of these species is due to their wide distribution in our forests: in Europe, New Zealand and some other countries, oak, maple, hornbeam and even pear are widely used for the production of plywood of various grades. Veneer bonding is carried out under pressure at elevated temperature. The resulting sheets are cooled, and after a short curing time they are collected in packs of 10 or 20 pieces.

Depending on the wood and glue used in the production of plywood, it is classified into:

• plywood of increased moisture resistance (FSF)
• plywood of medium moisture resistance (FC)
• bakelized plywood (BF)

- is plywood coated on one or both sides with a paper-resin coating. This coating very effectively prevents the penetration of moisture, is highly resistant to abrasion and the formation of mold and fungi, and is resistant to corrosion and destruction. This type of plywood due to lamination is quite popular. Using lamination, you can apply almost any pattern or imitation under: oak, poplar, maple, birch, walnut, pine and larch.

Advantages of plywood:

• high tensile and bending strength;
• perfectly sawn, drilled and fastened with both nails and screws;
• relatively inexpensive material.

Disadvantages of plywood:

• resins used in veneer bonding contain a rather high concentration of phenolic compounds;
• combustibility;

Oriented Strand Board

Oriented Strand Board (OSB), produced by pressing chips up to 0.7 mm thick and up to 140 mm long under high pressure and temperature using a small amount of adhesive resin. OSB boards are 3 times stronger than chipboard and MDF boards due to the location of the chips longitudinally in the outer layers and transversely in the inner ones. With such strength, OSB is a very flexible material and is excellently used in construction and finishing works. OSB boards of various thicknesses (from 6 to 30 mm) are sheathed in attics, ceilings, walls, rough floors, formwork, wall panels, fences and collapsible structures are made from them. On the floor under the laminate, the thinnest slabs are usually used - 6 and 8 mm thick, for structures and formwork thicker ones - from 10 mm. OSB-3 is a more durable version of this material used in low-rise construction in high humidity conditions. Also, because of the original texture, OSB is a favorite material for decorators and designers for interior decoration. From OSB, a rather spectacular design of the ceiling or elements in built-in furniture or in walls is obtained.

Along with conventional OSB boards, there are also OSB grooved- a plate with the processed ends a groove - a crest, from the 2nd or 4th parties.

Advantages of OSB:

• strength relative to other boards used;
• moisture resistance is higher than that of chipboard and gypsum board;
• wide size range;
• cheaper chipboard;
• holds screws well, even when re-driving.

Disadvantages of OSB:

• it is processed worse than chipboard due to the heterogeneity of the structure;
• dust released when cutting OSB irritates the mucous membranes of the nose and eyes.
• contains formaldehyde, especially in moisture-resistant boards.

glass-magnesium sheet

glass-magnesium sheet or glass-magnesite sheet (SML) white, reinforced with fiberglass, 40 percent lighter than GVL, flexible, durable, fireproof, moisture resistant. Thanks to the reinforcing fiberglass mesh, LSU can bend with a curvature radius of up to three meters. This quality allows it to be used on uneven surfaces. High moisture resistant qualities allow it to be used in rooms with high humidity. It is allowed to stick any finishing materials on the front side of the plate. With a sheet thickness of 6mm, it is able to hold fire for 2 hours, withstands heating up to 1500 degrees. Sheet thickness: 3-20 mm.

Glass-magnesium sheet (SML) is a universal sheet finishing material based on magnesite and fiberglass. The manufacturing technology and composition of the material give it such qualities as flexibility, strength, fire resistance and moisture resistance. Its qualities allow it to be used on uneven surfaces and reduces the possibility of sheet fracture during installation and transfer. In addition, this material is environmentally friendly, does not contain harmful substances and asbestos, does not emit toxic substances even when heated. Unlike drywall, LSU-Premium class refers to slow-burning materials (NG).

The scope of glass-magnesium sheet is extremely high. As with drywall, ceilings, walls and interior partitions can be made from it. Moreover, with the help of glass-magnesite sheets, it is possible to finish the exterior facades of cottages and houses. LSU is a reliable basis for any kind of finishing. The new material is ideal for showers, saunas, swimming pools - after all, the glass-magnesium sheet is able to withstand high humidity, temperature changes and open fire. A variety of putties, paints, and adhesives can be applied to the surface of the LSU. You can stick wallpaper, aluminum-composite panels, veneer, plastic, ceramic, glass or mirror tiles.

The front (smooth) surface of the sheets is intended for painting, wallpapering, laminating and applying various types of decorative textures without preliminary, final filling and priming of the entire surface of the material. The back (rough) surface of the sheets is designed for strong adhesion when gluing piece facing and decorative materials (ceramic or tile, veneer, etc.), or the material itself onto walls and floors, gluing sheets together. LSU can be mounted on a fastening system, both made of metal and wood. And also directly on the building envelope with glue.

Along with conventional glass-magnesium sheets, recently more and more often began to appear laminated glass-magnesium sheets with a variety of patterns and thicknesses of the outer coating.

Advantages of glass magnesite:

• Moisture resistance - does not undergo deformation, does not swell and does not lose its properties;
• Fire resistance - magnesite panels are non-combustible material;
• Good sound insulation - a 12mm panel in terms of sound transmission corresponds to four layers of a twelve-millimeter drywall sheet, or a brick wall 150mm thick;
• High strength and flexibility - can bend with a radius of curvature from 25 cm to 3 meters;
• Lighter than similar boards made of wood or gypsum;
• Low thermal conductivity, can be used as an additional insulation;
• It can be used for decoration, both outside and inside.

disadvantages glass-magnesite :

• More brittle than gypsum fiber sheet;
• When filling joints, it is necessary to use putties on chemical adhesives;
• Properties vary considerably depending on the manufacturer and LSU class.

Fiberboard is a board material made by pressing a special wood fiber (wood wool) and an inorganic binder (magnesium binder). The fiber is obtained from the waste of the woodworking industry, as a result of processing on wood-planing machines. One of the advantages of fiberboard plates is their low volumetric weight. Fiberboard is fire resistant: the chips are impregnated with cement, and when exposed to fire, only soot is formed on them. The material allows for various finishes, is easily attached to any structure using nails, self-tapping screws, dowels, and is easy to saw.

- slow-burning, biostable material, which is used as heat-insulating, structural-heat-insulating and acoustic materials in building structures of buildings and structures with relative humidity not higher than 75%.

Conventional fiberboards are produced with a thickness of 3-5 mm using gray cement as a binder. These plates are used for various types of thermal insulation, for roofing and plastered partitions. Acoustic boards are usually made from fine wood wool (0.75-2 mm), which improves their appearance, are not covered with anything, and are also tinted in colors that are in harmony with the interior or are produced using magnesite or white cement instead of gray. Composite fiberboard is a two- or three-layer panel with a middle layer of thermal insulation material such as rigid foam or mineral fiber (mineral silicate wool). The thickness of the middle layer usually ranges from 15 to 140 mm, although the outer layers of fiberboard have a thickness of 5 to 20 mm. In this case, the level of thermal insulation is significantly increased.

Advantages of fiberboard plates:

• Ease of installation;
• Good heater;
• Mechanically strong;
• Extensive decorative possibilities;
• Good moisture resistance and fire resistance;
• Soundproofing;
• Hygiene, harmlessness to human health and the environment;
• Do not spoil rodents and insects, does not rot.

disadvantages fiberboard slabs :

• Low bending strength;
• Significant weight.

Feel free to comment on the article if you have something to add to this material. If you find errors or inconsistencies. Perhaps you know some other similar material not presented in this article?

Smooth floors are a guarantee of a long service life of the floor covering and the absence of distortions of furniture and other interior items standing on the base. Achieving a perfectly flat floor surface in an apartment is not so difficult if you know how it is done. Many will immediately remember about pouring, however, you can level the base without using this long and costly method. You can use GVL for the floor, which is especially important for those types of bases that are contraindicated in high load.

Before we talk about how to level the floors with GVL, you should get to know this material better. The abbreviation "GVL" stands for gypsum fiber sheet. Unlike drywall, the material does not have a cardboard shell. It is not difficult to guess that GVL is a material based on gypsum mixed with various modifying and reinforcing additives, including ordinary cellulose. Each sheet is impregnated with a water repellent, which acts as a kind of primer. The result of the entire production technology is large or medium-sized white sheets, which have a uniform structure, are quite strong and reliable, non-flammable and have low thermal conductivity.

On a note! Interestingly, the gypsum fiber sheet is a kind of "descendant" of dry plaster.

GVL is often confused with drywall, but these are two different materials. The first is significantly superior to the second in terms of its technical characteristics - for example, in density. After manufacturing, each GVL sheet undergoes a series of checks for suitability and the absence of defects, only after that the material receives a certificate of conformity, which can be requested from the seller upon purchase.

Information on the purpose of the material

After GVL saw the light for the first time, it has found wide application in various construction fields. The material is also suitable for the floor - it is used to create a dry screed, which differs from the traditional one in that it does not require a long drying time and can be used even where the load on the floors should not be significant.

Gypsum fiber sheets are used for arranging a subfloor both over concrete floors and over those made of wooden materials; they can also be laid over a finished cement screed for its additional leveling. GVL-based screed or sheets simply laid on top of the finished base will allow you to immediately start laying the final floor covering.

On a note! GVL screed is ideal for laying laminate, carpet, parquet and linoleum.

GVL is not only leveling, but also soundproof and, to some extent, heat-saving material. However, at the same time, it “breathes” perfectly, that is, it allows air to pass through, which means it helps to maintain an optimal microclimate in the room. Also, the material is able to absorb excess moisture in the air of the room.

Another important advantage of GVL is the possibility of installing floor heating systems, even water, even electric, and combining them with it. The density of the sheets allows this to be done, while it is enough to use sheets with a thickness of only 10-12 mm. The material under the influence of temperature is not deformed and does not collapse.

Note! GVL is used not only for arranging floors, but also for cladding walls, ceilings, decorating window or door openings, creating boxes for communications, internal partitions in rooms.

Material Specifications

Some information about what a gypsum fiber sheet is is given above in the article, however, the material has certain characteristics.

Table. Technical characteristics of gypsum fiber sheets.

On a note! The length, width and thickness of GVL sheets may differ from those indicated in the table.

For the base of gypsum fiber, sheets of different sizes are used. For example, there are standard sheets that look like ordinary drywall. Their dimensions are 1200x1500 mm. Their dimensions are determined by GOST R 51829-2001. They are also suitable for creating interior partitions. To equip an even base, small-format sheets can be used, which are two ordinary sheets securely fastened together with a special glue. At the same time, the central axes of the sheets cannot coincide with each other, they will certainly be displaced, due to which folds are formed - one of the simple options for a locking system that facilitates installation and provides a simple and convenient connection of several floor elements. The dimensions of small-format sheets are 1200x600 and 1500x500 mm.

GOST R 51829-2001. Gypsum sheets. Specifications. Download file (click on the link to open the PDF file in a new window).

On a note! When leveling subfloors, sheets of different sizes can be used. The first layer is usually created from a small-format version, and standard sheets of gypsum fiber are laid as the second.

Advantages and disadvantages of GVL plates

Like any other material, GVL has its pros and cons, which will certainly affect the decision - to choose or not to choose this floor leveling option in each case.

Advantages of using GVL:

• versatility of the material;
• ease of installation;
• environmental friendliness;
• high speed of work and the ability to continue repairing immediately after laying;
• waste-free installation;
• high strength and the ability to withstand significant loads;
• ability to withstand exposure to moisture;
• incombustibility, absence of deformation processes when exposed to temperature.

Disadvantages of GVL boards:

• a large enough mass that requires an invitation to help another person;
• fragility during installation, subject to improper handling of the material;
• significant cost.

A lot of fakes have now appeared on the construction market, and therefore it is important to purchase GVL only from trusted manufacturers and with certificates confirming the quality and compliance with GOST requirements.

Varieties of GVL plates

GVL sheets according to their technical characteristics are divided into two types - moisture resistant and ordinary, standard. Ordinary ones are used more often for all indoor work, the main thing is that the rooms have dry air and optimal temperature conditions. But moisture-resistant, which are labeled as GVLV, have a special impregnation that makes it possible to use the material in rooms that do not differ in optimal air humidity - bathrooms, saunas, on basement floors, etc.

Important! When buying moisture-resistant sheets, you should check all the elements of the material in the pack for the presence of markings indicating that the sheet is moisture-resistant, since negligent sellers can easily shuffle GVL with GVLV, which is not always noticeable immediately upon purchase, but is detected after delivery material in place. It is unlikely that the extra hassle of exchanging sheets is needed for those who perform repair work.

Dry screed technology

Since GVL is most often used specifically to create a dry version of the screed, consider what it is and what it consists of. Usually, the installation of this type of base begins with the laying of polystyrene foam - an insulating material. It is usually laid on bedding, for example, from expanded clay.

There are three main types of screed, which can be performed using GVL sheets.

In general, a dry screed consists of several layers. Her structure is like this.

1. Vapor barrier / waterproofing layer- the lowest, preventing the penetration of moisture coming from the ceiling to the subfloor. Polyethylene with a thickness of at least 200 microns can be used as a waterproofing on a concrete floor, and glassine is best suited for a wooden floor. By the way, vapor barrier is usually used only on the upper floors, on the basement it is better to use waterproofing materials, since there is much more moisture there.
2. Compensation gasket, which is a tape fixed around the perimeter of the entire room near the floor. It can be made of foam, isolon and other materials. The material compensates for any expansion of the base that occurs during changes in humidity and temperature. This tape also provides additional noise absorption. Its excess, protruding above the level of the laid GVL, is cut off after installation is completed.
3. leveling layer, which will just be made of GVL or other leveling materials (for example, plywood).
4. GVL slabs act as pre-finishing floor. They can be additionally laid on top of plywood or other leveling material. The material is attached to the base with self-tapping screws or with the help of special glue.

On a note! If the floors have height differences of 10 cm or more, then it is necessary to install a third layer of GVL, which has exactly the same thickness as the two previous ones in total.

Some information about the use of the material

To properly lay the GVL on the floor, you need to know some of the nuances that will ensure an excellent final result of the work. For example, special sheets with a thickness of 10 mm are produced for floors - it is better to use them. Before laying GVL sheets, it is important to pour a layer of expanded clay on the base. It will provide additional leveling of the floor and help insulate the base. This is the most affordable and cheapest option. The optimal size of expanded clay fractions is 5 mm.

Also, guides are mounted on the base, which play two roles:

• reference when pouring the base. Expanded clay in this case is poured to the edges of the guides, rammed and leveled with a long rule;
• support for GVL sheets. Laying will be done more professionally if the material has support and places for fastening under it.

If the installation of GVL will be carried out on a wooden base, then it is important to properly prepare such floors beforehand. Preparation includes checking the floorboards for strength and, if necessary, replacing them. A floor screed is made if significant gaps are noted between the individual elements. Although some craftsmen do not produce a screed, arguing that if there are gaps, the floors will be better ventilated. So this step can be avoided.

Also, GVL sheets on a wooden base must be laid in two layers, which will make the base reliable and durable. GVL sheets are usually mounted on a tree if it is necessary to lay a floor covering that is demanding on the evenness of the base - for example, ceramic tiles, laminate. In other cases, the wooden base may not be leveled. GVL layers are fixed as follows - the first is attached to self-tapping screws, and the second is mounted on the first with PVA glue (at the same time, excess glue that protrudes between the seams is immediately removed). However, it will not be superfluous to fix it also with self-tapping screws. The laying of two layers must be carried out separately so that the seams do not coincide with each other. You need to move the sheets by about 20-30 cm. In this way, it will be possible to ensure that the base is as strong as possible.

Important! When laying GVL sheets, it is important to ensure that the gaps between the sheets are not more than 2 mm. Also, if a laminate or carpet will act as a finishing coating, the cracks must be puttied.

And one more condition that must be observed during the installation of GVL sheets, if they have folds. At the extreme row, located near the walls, they should be cut. Moreover, trimming is performed on already laid sheets.

Device and floor insulation

Leveling the floor is a rather topical issue for the majority of those who have gathered to thoroughly repair an apartment or a country house. There is only one solution strategy: a flat floor can only be on a flat base (subfloor). But there are many tactical decisions on how to make the base of the floor even.

On top of which a durable sheet material is laid. The voids between the lags are filled with soundproofing material. If necessary, a layer of thermal insulation is laid to warm the floor. A ventilated space is provided between the plates and the insulating material.

On top of which plates of durable sheet material are laid. In this case, there are no lags, and the alignment is carried out with expanded clay of a fine fraction, which greatly simplifies the work. But the absence of a ventilated space under the plates does not allow the use of this technology for wet rooms.

Technologies and materials for subfloor installation

Let's make it clear right away: "wet" refers to technologies that use materials based on water-containing components. For example, various leveling compounds. They are sold in bulk form and serve as the basis for obtaining a solution.

Leveling the floor by the "dry" method, that is, without a leveling solution, has been known since time immemorial: the subfloor - along the logs, with insulation and soundproofing. Relatively recently, another “dry” method of constructing a “rough” floor has appeared, but without a lag: the “rough” floor is laid on a pre-leveled expanded clay backfill (from a fine and homogeneous fraction).

I would not want to give preference to one of the “dry” ones: in each case, the leveling of the base for the floor finish can occur simultaneously with effective insulation, soundproofing and floor heating, if necessary.

It should be noted that the new designs of draft floors have become much thinner (35-40 mm): they also use unusually thin frame logs. As a result, the classic subfloor has become quite suitable for rooms with a ceiling height of 2.7 m.

As a rule, a modern draft floor is laid from sheet material, in two layers on glue, tightening them with self-tapping screws. The material is laid so as to obtain a gap between the layers at the joints. For these purposes, you can use gypsum board, DSP, waterproof plywood, chipboard, MDF and. We do not consider the use of boards for this, as an option that does not provide an even and stable base, although no one has canceled the floorboards.

Particularly noteworthy are the finished elements (two-layer and three-layer panels with folds) for leveling the subfloor. There are even universal panels available for laying both on joists and leveling backfill. In addition, a novelty has appeared - elements with a built-in sound and heat insulating layer. Of course, such elements are quite expensive, but they significantly reduce labor costs and do not require great professionalism during work. Despite the variety of materials for the device "rough" floor, they are not as versatile as it might seem. When choosing a material, you need to proceed from a number of factors.

Schematic diagram of the device of the subfloor: waterproofing film, leveling expanded clay backfill with a seal, thermal insulation and a “rough” floor made of sheet material.

Gypsum boards (GVL, GVLV)

This material, like no other, allows you to create an even base for the finished floor. It is laid in two layers on glue or ready-made elements. A gypsum-fiber board can be recommended for the leveling method on expanded clay backfill or on sound and heat insulating boards. It is also suitable for leveling the existing old "rough" floor: it is laid on top. However, insufficient strength to local loads (for example, from furniture legs) does not allow it to be used in combination with lags: it can be broken through.

If you take into account possible leaks (from the top floor or a water supply failure), then you should choose only moisture-resistant grades of this material and be sure to cover it with a hydrophobic composition. But in this case, we would not recommend it for rooms with high humidity. Such a base is suitable for any floor covering: parquet, laminate, linoleum, carpet, cork and ceramic tiles.

Moisture resistant chipboard

This material is able to withstand very high mechanical loads and can be laid both on frame joists and on leveling backfill. It has a small variation in thickness and allows you to create a fairly even base. Please note that this must be high density chipboard (used in furniture tops or window sills). Chipboard has good sound and heat insulating characteristics.

In Europe, ready-made tongue-and-groove panels are made from chipboard (including those with additional insulating layers). If you use these plates, then they, like drywall, are laid in two layers on glue and coated with a hydrophobic composition. If you have special requirements for the soundproofing of the floor, then you can lay (on glue) a layer of technical cork on top. It is recommended to use chipboard only in dry rooms under parquet, linoleum or carpet flooring.

Cement particle board (DSP)

This material, due to its unique technical characteristics, is increasingly used in modern building technologies: non-combustible, high mechanical strength, water resistance and environmental friendliness (cement, lime and wood shavings), at a fairly low price. Available in different thicknesses (from 10 to 32 mm). It is applied to production of a "rough" floor both in normal, and in rooms with the increased humidity. DSP is not afraid of even serious leaks.

DSP can be laid both on frame logs and on leveling backfill. It is laid similarly to a gypsum-fiber board: in two layers, with a run-up along the seams and on glue (for ceramic tiles). The top layer is also covered with a hydrophobic or waterproofing (in rooms with high humidity) composition. Perhaps the only drawback of this sheet material is its deviations in thickness (1-2 mm) at the joints of the panels, which does not always make it possible to achieve a perfectly flat surface, which is essential for such floor coverings as linoleum or cork (roughnesses appear at the joints). However, experienced craftsmen eliminate this drawback by grinding and leveling putty. It is good to lay parquet (including piece), laminate, and ceramic tiles on DSP. DSP allows you to simply solve the issue of "heating" in the floor.

Moisture resistant plywood

Multilayer plywood has high mechanical strength and good thickness geometry. It can be laid on frame leveling logs. Many finishers lay it directly on concrete floors under parquet or laminate: the floor becomes warmer, but plywood does not solve sound insulation problems. This material is quite expensive, and many, trying to save money, take a non-moisture resistant brand. Such plywood (and without leaks) can begin to delaminate after a few years. In damp rooms, this material is not used. Suitable for parquet, carpet and linoleum.

Fibreboard (Fibreboard)

These boards (MDF) are characterized by high uniformity, precise dimensions and mechanical strength. They allow you to create very even bases with good heat and sound insulation. But this material is quite expensive. Despite the fact that fiberboard is resistant to water, it should not be used in wet areas. Suitable for parquet, carpet and linoleum flooring.

Finished panels and slabs for subflooring

Gypsum board and polystyrene boards with a fold not only create an even base, but also make it insulated. On the lags are not used.	They have a tongue-and-groove connection, giving an even joint. Can be mounted on logs. Withstand local loads.
With a tongue-and-groove connection, they remain stable even under heavy load. They can be laid directly on the logs.	With a simple fold. They can have various insulating layers (mineral wool, expanded polystyrene).
DSP should be used for the subfloor in damp and fire hazardous areas. It can be laid both on logs and leveling backfill.

The main stages of work on arranging the subfloor with bulk expanded clay

Alignment, insulation and soundproofing of the subfloor can be done with expanded clay backfill from a fine and homogeneous fraction at its base.	Before laying the finished panels, the expanded clay backfill is carefully compacted.
The sheets are laid in two layers and spaced along their joints on a leveled expanded clay backfill.	The second layer of material is laid on the appropriate adhesive and tightened with self-tapping screws.
Sheets or slabs of the subfloor are tightly knocked together. Joints must be closed completely. The remaining gaps are sealed with putty.	Sheet material or finished elements for the subfloor are cut to size only at the wall, leaving a gap between them for an expansion joint.
It is advisable to treat any subfloor with a special water-repellent compound.

Logs, like a crate for drywall, are leveled with special remote soundproof washers on self-tapping screws. If the washers are made of dense soundproof material (for example,), you will reliably protect your apartment from noise transmitted through structures.

Finished elements can eliminate small irregularities of the old subfloor. They are glued along the folds and pulled together with screws.

Frame logs can be used in combination with ready-made subfloor elements. Irregularities are eliminated with lags. Cork in the top layer creates good sound insulation.

At the end, a few videos on the installation of the subfloor, the "dry" method, using slabs and sheet materials.
The device of the subfloor on the logs from chipboard sheets.

The device of the subfloor using expanded clay to level the base of the floor. Gypsum particle boards (GSP) are used as the base of the floor.

Decorative wall panels FIREPROTEC HPL, which are characterized by fire resistance, are produced on the basis of high-quality non-combustible panel FIREPROTEC SML Premium Etalon or GSP (gypsum board). HPL indoor panels are used in kindergartens and schools, offices and many other places to create a comfortable and cozy atmosphere.

Cement particle boards

Cement-bonded particle board (DSP) is considered an ideal material for sheathing partitions in flammable rooms, as well as the frame of buildings outside. Flooring bases are leveled with these boards as they have a hard and smooth surface. The plates lend themselves well to sawing, fireproof, resistant to moisture and temperature fluctuations.

Fire resistant fender board

A universal solution for protecting the walls of any buildings can be considered the use of a fire-resistant baffle board, which has high operational advantages. It is based on a non-combustible panel covered with HPL plastic, which is difficult to burn. The edges of the panel are processed with a special edge. In addition to the protective function, it is also characterized by excellent decorative properties, so it can decorate any room. to high operational indicators, the Breaker board is used in places of the big passability of the people: in kindergartens and schools, in hospitals and policlinics, stations and cinemas, supermarkets.
This material is environmentally friendly and moisture resistant, hygienic and safe, as well as aesthetic.
The fender board is available in different colors and sizes.

Sheet material "PVTN"

• Vermiculite boards are sheet non-combustible materials created using expanded vermiculite. They are designed to protect against fire in industrial and civil facilities, they are used in metallurgy, the oil industry. Vermiculite boards have:

• Eco-friendly and fire resistant
• High sound-absorbing and heat-insulating properties

Used to protect:

• from fire in the ceilings between floors, cable routes, structures made of wood, reinforced concrete, steel load-bearing elements;
• thermal protection of fireplaces, chimneys;
• wall cladding of industrial, public facilities;
• increasing fire protection in bank offices, hotels, cinema halls, sports complexes;
• evacuation routes.

SKL panels

Durable and lightweight SKL panels are produced using calcium silicate filler. The material of the panel does not contain asbestos, so they are non-toxic, environmentally friendly. The sheets are moisture resistant, since they do not contain gypsum or hygroscopic materials.

SKL panels are very popular. These sheets are used for finishing walls, ceilings and floors. Fire-resistant qualities make them indispensable in protecting screens in high-temperature production, as well as for lining the walls of baths, finishing fireplaces and stoves.

Despite their special strength, they are also elastic; they can withstand bending up to 13.2 MPa. Due to the excellent soundproofing properties of up to 44 dB, the panels can be used to cover nightclubs, bars, walls of recording studios.

SKL panels contain antibacterial additives, so they are not exposed to fungal diseases and mold.

These glass-magnesite sheets are made from magnesium oxide with special additives. The sheets are double reinforced with fiberglass for rigidity.

The operational qualities of LSU are similar to SKL. But LSU sheets are more rigid and especially durable. This material is most used in places that require increased strength: they are in demand for the manufacture of billboards, roofing and floors.

Like SKL sheets, they are aesthetic and have antiseptic properties.

the high strength of the panels allows them to be used for reinforcement and finishing of foam and aerated concrete, facades, as well as sandwich panels.

GCR sheets

GKL is a well-known, popular drywall for everyone, we are talking about its refractory modification. GKL sheets can withstand direct exposure to open fire for up to 20 minutes. The sheets are grayish in color and require additional finishing.

Fiberboard

Fibrolit are bioresistant boards produced by pressing wood fiber, the so-called wood wool, and a binder of inorganic origin. Used fiber, which is obtained from the waste of woodworking machines. These boards are light in weight, have good acoustics and fire resistance: board chips are impregnated with cement, and they are not threatened by fire. The material can be easily fastened with self-tapping screws and nails, as well as dowels to any surface. It lends itself well to sawing. Composite fiberboard panels consist of two or three layers, the thermal insulation material of the middle layer of rigid foam or mineral fiber (mineral silicate wool) is up to 140 mm thick, at which the degree of thermal and sound insulation increases.

gypsum board

Gypsum boards are made from natural natural gypsum without the addition of toxic substances. This practical, environmentally friendly, odorless material meets all the requirements of fire safety standards. Gypsum slabs are considered an excellent material for building partitions in rooms, suspended multi-level ceilings, decorative niches and ledges. Walls, ceilings are leveled with them, communication pipes are “sewn up”.

Gypsum fiber sheet

Gypsum fiber sheets (GVL) are obtained by semi-dry pressing of a mixture of gypsum with cellulose waste paper, they are characterized by excellent technical and operational properties. These sheets are durable and have a good degree of refractoriness.

Gypsum fiber sheets are universal in use, are popular and in demand in construction and finishing works. With their help, interior partitions are erected, floor screeds are made, suspended and level ceilings are mounted, and walls are lined. Everywhere they are indispensable as fire protection of any structures. Users appreciate GVL as a facing material with which wooden surfaces are sheathed, for its low cost and fire resistance.

Oriented Strand Board

Oriented strand board (OSB) is produced by pressing chips with a high-pressure adhesive resin, which are made in various thicknesses - from 6 to 30mm. OSB boards are 3 times stronger than chipboard and MDF boards. Although the plates have such high strength, they are very flexible. Due to these properties, they are ideal for finishing and construction work, for example, for cladding ceilings, walls, attics and verandas, they are used in arranging the surface of subfloors, building formwork, and used when facing wall panels. Thin OSB boards are laid on the floors under the laminate. In recent years, they have been used for low-rise construction. The original texture of OSB attracts designers in interior design. Using OSB, you can get a beautiful and original design of the ceiling.

Fire-resistant boards are not limited to the above types, there are a lot of them on the building materials market.

In the arrangement of floors in an apartment and a house, the correct arrangement of the screed is of great importance. The screed is the main structural element of the floor, needed to evenly distribute the load on the floor from the finishing coating to the subfloor.

One type of screed is prefabricated screed using sheet building materials made of wood or gypsum. Let us analyze on the basis of materials about the advantages and disadvantages of sheet materials in the construction of floors.

What is a screed

The definition itself, prefabricated screed, suggests that the screed structure is assembled from individual structural elements. Unlike solid (filled) screeds, prefabricated screeds are assembled without the use of "wet" building technologies, from individual frame elements or the underlying layer and layers of sheet building materials.

The lower (reference) layer of the prefabricated screed can be:

• Underlying backfill layer of special loose fine-fraction building materials (sand, backfill under GVL);
• The construction of the lag - crate. This is a special wooden frame, made of timber, on the subfloor.

The top layer of the prefabricated screed can be made from:

• Wood fiber boards (MDF);
• Particle board (chipboard);
• Moisture resistant chipboard grooved (VDSPSh);
• Oriented Strand Board (OSB, OSP);
• gypsum fiber board (GVL);
• Plywood.

According to the technology, the sheet material is laid in two layers with an offset in rows and layers, avoiding the coincidence of the seams of different layers.

Fibreboard (Fibreboard)

Fiberboard boards are the main sheet material used in the construction of a wide variety of floor designs. Fiberboard is made practically from waste wood, by hot pressing. Fiberboard is not afraid of moisture, perfectly glued and partially absorbs sound.

If you look at the technological maps and regulatory documents for the installation of floors, then fiberboard remained the main sheet material used in the construction of screeds.

However, the small thickness of the sheets limits their use in prefabricated screeds on logs, leaving them a niche for prefabricated screeds on the backfill or as a substrate.

Laying fiberboard

• Fiberboard is laid on hot or cold mastic with lubrication of 40% of the surface in two layers. The seams between the sheets of fiberboard (without a lock) must be glued with paper or tape 50 ± 10 mm wide.
• Roll finishing materials (linoleum, carpet) are laid on superhard sheets of fiberboard. Fiberboard strips serve as a layer between the floor joists and concrete.

Particle board (chipboard)

Chipboard is a sheet building material pressed from “chopped” wood based on resin binders. The thickness and strength of chipboard are superior to fiberboard, which is why chipboard is used not only as an underlying material (rarely due to high cost), but as the top layer in floor structures on logs.

However, chipboard is afraid of moisture and, due to resins, emits substances that are not entirely environmentally friendly. This limited the use of chipboard in flooring prior to the advent of VDSPS.

Moisture-resistant chipboard with a tongue-and-groove around the perimeter (VSPSH) is specially designed as the top surface of a prefabricated screed. VDSPSh is used not only in floor structures on logs, but also on backfill materials.

The tongue and groove lock along the perimeter of the VDSPSh slabs allows you to firmly connect them into a single, solid floor base, ready for finishing materials.

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The tongue and groove lock is smeared with special mastic, and connected with threaded connections. Gluing the seams of moisture-resistant chipboard and its moisture resistance make it possible to use them even for tile work.

Oriented Strand Board (OSB, OSB)

Oriented strand boards are similar to chipboard, but have a number of significant differences:

• OSB type OSB3 and OSB4, not afraid of moisture;
• Plates of these modifications can withstand heavy loads, which allows them to be used, even in load-bearing structures.

OSB panels are produced with end locks of the thorn-groove type. They create stronger connections and stronger floor and wall surfaces.

Gispovoloknisty boards (GVL)

Gypsum fiber slabs (GVL slabs) are specially designed for flooring, called dry screed. GVL are laid only on a backfill layer from a special backfill. It is impossible to use GVL in a lag construction, due to their fragility to fracture.

The strength of the GVL surface is given by locks along the edge of the sheets, made in the form of a tongue and groove. The lock is smeared with special mastic and fastened with self-tapping screws. The seam between the sheets is glued with tape. Any finishing material can be laid on a dry GVL screed, with the exception of parquet.

Note: The package refers to "capricious" finishing materials, which need to be laid only on a layer (layers) of plywood, moreover, cut into 500 by 500 mm squares.

Plywood

Plywood is the last, sheet building material of this review. Plywood can be used for any construction of prefabricated screeds, as well as an underlayment for poured screeds.

The widespread use of plywood is limited by its high cost, which is not reasonable for a cheap floor, say from linoleum. However, for parquet flooring, plywood is indispensable. It creates a smooth, solid base with the closest operational characteristics to the parquet.