New technology facade cladding brick cladding. Facing the facade of the house with bricks

Clinker brick - the best material for facing the facade of a house

Houses lined with brick from the outside are popular with private developers. Often a layer of effective insulation is placed between the wall and the cladding. Such the wall is usually called a three-layer.

With external walls of any material, but lined with bricks, the house looks solid and elegant.

Brick cladding is resistant to atmospheric and mechanical influences. Durable - retains its protective and decorative properties for a long timefunctions no replacement or update. A house with a brick cladding feels safe "like behind a stone wall."

For cladding, ordinary masonry ceramic or silicate bricks are used - this is a low-budget option.

Most often, the walls of houses are faced with a special front ceramic brick.

But clinker bricks are especially good for facing the walls of a house. True, the cost of facing the walls of a clinker brick house is the highest.

Clinker bricks have very low water absorption (4-6%) and therefore unusually hardy— maintains 150 cycles of freezing and defrosting. On the clinker wall there is no green moss, fungus and mold.

The resistance of clinker bricks to mechanical stress, to abrasion is very high - you will not see chips on it.

Small porosity contributes to the fact that the brick does not accumulate dirt on the surface and is easy to clean. The house will look like new for a long time.

Cladding made of clinker bricks can be carefully disassembled brick by brick, and then the brick can be reused. The clinker is easily cleaned from the remains of the solution. This property is very useful if it will be necessary in a dozen or another years to change the insulation under the cladding.

A variety of colors and textures of the surface of clinker bricks allows you to implement any design idea. Clinker brick cladding will suit both a respectable mansion and a modest economy class house.

How clinker bricks are made

Clinker bricks are made in much the same way as ordinary ceramic ones. Bricks formed from clay mass are fired in a kiln. The main difference is that firing is carried out at a higher temperature of 1100-1300 about C.

Brick color depends on the composition of the raw materials, firing mode and additives in the clay mass.

The surface of ordinary clinker bricks is even and smooth. But they also produce bricks with a textured surface.

Produce glazed bricks. Such bricks have water absorption close to zero.

Clinker brick has a variety of shapes and colors. The surface of the brick can be glazed.

In addition to standard rectangular bricks, produce shaped bricks, which are used for laying window sills, cornices and decorative elements.

On sale there are bricks of non-standard size. For example, narrow, 5.5 wide cm., different heights - 5 cm, 6,5 cm or 7.1 cm.

Brick-clinker facade design

Brick wall cladding is a rather expensive option for finishing the facade, especially from clinker bricks. And it will be triple insulting after solid spending, to get a nondescript, not expressive facade of the house.

In order to have a spectacular and respectable house, you should entrust the design of the facade to a professional architect with experience in working with clinker bricks in advance, before the start of construction.

To achieve harmony with the facade of the house, the fence around the site is also often made of clinker bricks.

When designing a clinker facade, choose the color of bricks and masonry joints, the method (pattern) of masonry. The seams of the masonry can match the color of the brick, and then the facade looks smooth from a distance.

The seams of the masonry can be contrasting in color with the brick. In this case, the brick bonding pattern on the wall will be visible.

The facade is decorated with clinker brick decor different shapes and colors. Most often, inserts of shaped or colored bricks are made at the corners of the facade, around window and door openings, and clinker window sills are also arranged.

They make sinking or vice versa, protruding from the plane of the facade brick inserts with a textured surface in a contrasting color.

House with clinker brick cladding white color looks not standard, fresh and neat.

It is important to observe the harmony of form and color, not to overdo it. A house with clinker cladding should not look gaudy and cheap.

Secrets of clinker brick wall cladding

At a house with brick walls, for structural reasons, it is also convenient to brick the plinth, and best of all clinker.

The plinth is most susceptible to moisture, and the high moisture and frost resistance of the clinker will provide long-term protection of the walls and foundation insulation.

In addition, the clinker plinth cladding will serve as a reliable support for the brickwork of the wall cladding.

Cross-section of the junction of the basement and the wall of the house with clinker brick cladding.

In the figure: 1 - thermal insulation boards made of mineral wool with a water-windproof coating; 2 - ventilated gap; 3 - brick wall cladding, protrudes 2-3 cm beyond the basement plane; 4 - load-bearing wall; 5 - two layers of horizontal waterproofing of the wall; 6 - clinker plinth lining; 7 - a hole in the vertical seam between the bricks for water drainage and air inflow into the gap; 8 - vertical waterproofing of the foundation wall;

The plinth and foundation are insulated with waterproof insulation- extruded polystyrene foam (EPS) slabs, and lined with clinker bricks without a ventilated gap.

The top layer of horizontal waterproofing, pos.5, must be wrapped up, onto the wall, to a height of at least 150 mm., to protect the load-bearing wall from water, which can accumulate on the waterproofing layer in the ventilated gap.

Insulation for house walls with brick cladding

For insulation, it is convenient to use plates specially designed for insulation of facades with brick cladding. Such plates have hydrophobic (water-repellent) impregnation and an outer water-windproof layer. The density of mineral wool boards is not less than 60 kg / m 3.

If insulation boards without a protective coating are used, then from above the insulation layer must be covered with a vapor-permeable water-windproof film.

Mineral wool insulation does not prevent the exit of construction and operational moisture from the load-bearing wall.

Work on the insulation of the facade with mineral wool and laying of the cladding can be done immediately, in the process of construction and interior decoration, without waiting for the wall to dry.

If the walls of the house are insulated with polymer insulation (EPS), then, according to the requirements of fire safety rules, it is necessary to make fire breaks in the insulation layer - fire-resistant inserts made of mineral wool boards around window and door openings, as well as at the top of the wall, under the cornice overhang.

Using different types of insulation for insulation of one wall is not very convenient and technologically advanced.

In addition, the polymer insulation is water-vapor impermeable. If you lay it on the wall right away, then the building moisture in the wall and interior decoration is conserved - the house does not dry out for a long time inside, the wooden parts in the walls rot, fungus and mold appear on the interior decoration.

Work on the insulation of the facade with polymer insulation and laying of brick cladding is recommended to be done one to three years after finishing work in the house. During this time, the walls will have time to dry from construction moisture.

It is not comfortable to move into a house that is not insulated, damp and cold, and waiting for the walls to dry for three years Not many owners will agree.

Thermal insulation boards made of aerated concrete, gas silicate, foam glass

Recently, two types of mineral insulation are gaining popularity - slabs of low-density cellular concrete and foam glass. These are heat-insulating boards based on materials already known and used in construction - autoclaved aerated concrete, gas silicate or foam glass.

Thermal insulation slabs made of cellular concrete have a density of 100 - 200 kg/m 3 and dry thermal conductivity coefficient 0.045 - 0.06 W/m about K. Mineral wool and polystyrene foam heaters have approximately the same thermal conductivity. Plates are produced with a thickness of 60 - 200 mm. Compressive strength class B1.0 (compressive strength not less than 10 kg / m 3.) Vapor penetration coefficient 0.28 mg/(m*year*Pa).

Heat-insulating slabs made of cellular concrete are a good alternative to mineral wool and polystyrene foam insulation.

Trademarks of heat-insulating slabs made of cellular concrete well-known in the construction market: Multipor, AEROC Energy, Betol.

Insulation of the wall of the house with foam glass plates.

The most important advantage of aerated concrete and foam glass insulation compared to traditional mineral wool and foam polymers is more high durability and environmental friendliness. The materials do not contain any organics - it is an artificial stone or glass.

Ventilated gap between cladding and insulation

Water may appear on the border between the lining and the insulation.

Moisture appears as a result of condensation on the surface of a brick of water vapor, a constant flow of which tends to pass through the wall from the premises to the outside (p).

In addition, water can get inside due to the non-tightness of the cladding when the wall is soaked with oblique rain.

Water on the inner surface of the cladding soaks the insulation, and also flows down and collects on the horizontal waterproofing of the plinth and lintels above the openings.

If vapor-permeable mineral wool boards are used for wall insulation, then between the cladding and the insulation layer, a ventilated gap must be left, width 3-5 cm.

The ventilated gap must be through and ventilated to the entire height of the wall.

For air circulation in the gap in the brick lining, holes are left in the vertical joints of the masonry. Water accumulated on the horizontal waterproofing flows out through the same holes.

In the brick cladding of the wall between the bricks, vertical seams are left free from mortar for air circulation in the gap and water runoff.

Special inserts are installed in the mortar-free vertical seams between the bricks to protect the holes from insects.

Holes in brick cladding are made in the following places:

• Above the horizontal waterproofing of the basement (pos. 7) and lintels above the openings (pos. 2 in the figure), for water drainage and air inflow into the gap, every second or third vertical seam is left unfilled with mortar.
• At the top, under the cornice overhang, in the third or fourth row of brickwork from the top, for air to escape from the gap, vertical seams are left free from mortar at the rate of one or two seams for each 1 m 2 wall area.

A ventilated gap is also needed when cladding single-layer walls with bricks (without a layer of insulation between the cladding and the wall), if the load-bearing wall is made of or without sand, as well as when cladding wooden and frame walls.

If the facade is insulated with plates of polymer insulation - foam plastic, extruded polystyrene foam, then ventilated gap is not needed. In the vertical seams of the masonry cladding, only holes are left for water drainage every 800 - 1000 mm.

Brick cladding or walls made of SIP panels do without ventilated gap.

Masonry brick cladding of the walls of the house

Wall cladding with ventilated gap

In the figure: 1 - masonry of the bearing wall; 2 - plates of mineral wool insulation with a water-windproof layer; 3 - anchor (connection) made of galvanized or stainless steel with a booster cuff; 4 - laying of clinker brick cladding; 5 - ventilated gap; 6 - general wall thickness from 460 mm.

For wall cladding with a ventilated gap, clinker is used. brick of standard sizes 120 wide mm.

The lining masonry is fastened to the load-bearing wall with galvanized or stainless steel anchors, pos. 3. Steel anchors are usually laid in the horizontal joints of the masonry of the load-bearing wall to a depth of at least 50 mm. Insulation plates are pierced on the ends of the anchors sticking out of the bearing wall and pressed against the wall with special plastic booster cuffs.

When laying cladding lift the end of the anchor slightly up and also laid in the horizontal seams of the masonry cladding.

Such an inclined position of the anchor, pos. 3, in the gap contributes to the fact that drops of water flowing down the surface of the cladding do not flow into the masonry, but move down the anchor, to the booster collar. The cuff has a dripper from which water drips down.

Such a decision prevents the appearance of hard-to-remove efflorescence on the outer surface of the cladding.

Fastening anchors are placed in horizontal joints every 6-9 rows of masonry brick cladding or every 2-3 rows of masonry blocks of a bearing wall.

Wall cladding without ventilation gap

In the figure: 1 - masonry of the bearing wall; 2 - insulation boards made of extruded polystyrene foam (EPS, XPS); 3 - anchor (bond) made of fiberglass, galvanized or stainless steel; 4 - masonry lining of narrow clinker bricks; 5 - total wall thickness from 360 mm.

For wall cladding without a ventilated gap, you can use a narrow clinker custom size brick 55 wide mm. or brick of standard width, but with masonry on the edge. This cladding will cost less.

Fastening anchors are conveniently placed in the horizontally matching seams of the wall masonry and cladding. To select matching seams, you can for cladding use brick height 5 cm, 6,5 cm or 7.1 cm., and also slightly change the thickness of the masonry seams.

Anchors connecting the wall and cladding, pos.3, can be made of steel or plastic, and also have a different design. On sale there are anchors that are laid in the seams of the masonry, and there are those that are screwed into the load-bearing wall.

Anchors laid in the masonry seams can be made independently. As an anchor, you should use pieces of galvanized steel wire with a diameter of 4 - 6 mm. or perforated galvanized steel tape with a thickness of at least 0.8 mm., or galvanized masonry mesh. Both ends of the wire anchor are bent to fix the masonry seam in the mortar. The tape anchor is fixed in the seam by filling the perforation holes with mortar.

Expansion joints in masonry cladding

It is known that when the temperature changes, all materials shrink or expand. Brick cladding does the same. Moreover, different sections of the masonry change their size in different ways. For example, a section of a wall heated by the sun expands more than an adjacent section in the shade. Such changes create stresses in the cladding layer and can lead to the appearance of cracks on it.

To protect the cladding from the appearance of cracks where it is not necessary, in the cladding masons deliberately create a crack where it will be imperceptible. Expansion joints are arranged in the lining masonry.

Vertical expansion joints in masonry are made every 12 meters of the wall. On dark facades heated by the sun, this distance is recommended to be reduced to 9 meters. On the north side of the house, the distance between expansion joints is increased to 15 meters.

To make the expansion joint invisible, it is combined with the seams of the masonry. At the location of the expansion joint, the joints between the masonry bricks are not filled with masonry mortar. Empty seams are protected from the outside with sealing tape or elastic sealant.

Horizontal expansion joints in the cladding are made under the balcony slab, as well as under other structures that limit the thermal expansion of the cladding in the vertical direction.

Mortars for laying brick cladding

For laying brick cladding, you can use a conventional cement-based masonry mortar. To prepare the solution, mix 1 part of cement, grade not lower than M400, and 4 parts of washed quartz sand. Then add the required amount of water.

Lime should not be added to the masonry mortar.. The solution with lime will serve as a source of hard-to-remove efflorescence on the masonry surface. But the usual cement-sand mortar has low plasticity and is inconvenient to use.

Masonry mortar is best prepared from ready-made dry mixes specially designed for clinker masonry. Mixtures have additives that ensure the absence of efflorescence. In addition, dry masonry mixes for clinker contain a specially selected filler - granulate. Seams from such a solution are dense, with a minimum number of pores, weakly absorb water.

The color of the masonry joints on a regular mortar will be gray.

If it is necessary to make the seams of the masonry colored, then to prepare the solution, use ready-made dry mixes with dye of the required color.

Color solutions tend to be more expensive. To reduce the amount of colored mortar for laying the cladding, masonry is performed on a regular gray mortar. The mortar is laid so that on the front side of the masonry the seams remain unfilled to a depth of approximately 1.5-2 cm.

Then the recesses in the seams are filled with a colored solution - grout (fugue) for clinker. The work is carried out 3-5 days after laying. When the grout solution begins to set, a piece of elastic hose is run along the seams to seal the fugue and form a concave surface in the seam.

Windows and doors in a three-layer wall

The figures below show how to correctly make openings for windows and doors in the wall of a house with clinker cladding.

The device of the external window sill made of clinker:

In the figure: 1 - clinker window sill (shaped brick or tile); 2 - joint sealing; 3 - window box; 4 - groove - drip; 5 - ventilated gap.

The window sill on the outside of the window is laid out of special-shaped clinker bricks. They also make a window sill from standard-shaped bricks, laying it on an edge with a slope for water drainage. In the latter version, a groove is cut on the bottom surface of the bricks - a dropper, so that water from the windowsill does not flow onto the wall.

Instead of a brick window sill, you can install standard metal or plastic ebbs. But such a solution usually does not look very aesthetically pleasing and presentable (cheap) for a house with clinker wall cladding.

Cut above the window external wall with clinker brick cladding:

In the figure: 1 - horizontal waterproofing with a twist on the wall; 2 - a hole in the vertical seam between the bricks for water drainage and ventilation; 3 - reinforced concrete lintel in the cladding, pasted over with clinker tiles; 4 - silicone sealant or sealing tape; 5 - a window located in the thickness of the heat-insulating layer; 6 - reinforced concrete jumper in the bearing layer of the wall.

Reinforced concrete lintels are installed above the window and door openings in the cladding, which are then pasted over with clinker tiles (in the figure above).

The best option is to make jumpers over openings made of clinker bricks. It is convenient to lay out a brick lintel in the form of an arch. Straight lintels made of vertically installed bricks are made with reinforcement of the vertical joints of the masonry and horizontal reinforcement of the masonry above the lintel.

Horizontal waterproofing must be laid above door and window openings, pos. 1, with inversion on the wall, to a height of 150 mm., to protect the load-bearing wall from water, which can accumulate on the waterproofing layer in the ventilated gap. For water drainage and ventilation of the gap in the brickwork above the waterproofing, holes are provided, pos. 2 in the picture

Durability, service life of the heater

In scientific articles, one can find statements that the duration of the effective operation of buildings, insulated with mineral wool or polystyrene boards, before the first overhaul is 25-35 years. During this period, a complete replacement of the insulation is required.

But to replace the insulation, you need destroy such a strong, beautiful and expensive clinker facade!

On the website of a well-known manufacturer of mineral wool products, it is stated that the service life of thermal insulation materials is at least 50 years subject to the company's recommendations on installation technology and operating conditions.

Moreover, the manufacturer does not explain what happens to the material at the end of its service life, and how to determine the moment when it needs to be replaced. It only notes the lack of an approved methodology for determining the durability of building materials. The question arises - what justifies the figure of 50 years?

All sources of information agree that the durability of mineral wool insulation, from various types of foamed polymers and ecowool is noticeably less than the materials from which the walls are laid.

It is known that organic substances age much faster than mineral ones. In the process of aging, the chemical composition and physical structure of the material changes. Material stops working in any building structure.

Mineral wool slabs contain 3-10% organic substances - binder resins. Over time, the binder gradually decomposes and ceases to hold the mineral wool particles together. Particles crumble, cotton wool loses its spatial structure, cakes, shrinks.

Any insulation gradually, over the years, loses its heat-saving properties..

It has been established that the higher the density of mineral wool boards ( kg / m 3), the slower the heat-saving properties of the insulation are lost. To increase service life it is recommended to use boards with high density, although they are more expensive. This rule is also true for other types of heaters.

When to change the heater?

The insulation should be changed when it ceases to perform its functions. How to define this moment?

Legislation in the field of construction and housing and communal services prescribes upon completion of the construction of the building, conduct an energy audit. In the course of the audit, with the help of measurements with devices (thermal imagers, etc.), the heat-saving parameters of walls and other enclosing structures are determined.

Based on the results of the audit, an energy passport is drawn up, the building is assigned to one or another energy-saving class.

In the European Union, for new private houses, the procedure for obtaining an energy passport is mandatory. The energy efficiency class of a house greatly affects the value of a property.

In the Russian Federation, an energy audit of private houses is not mandatory and is usually not carried out. And probably in vain.

After 25 - 30 years, the energy audit is carried out again. They compare the indicators of the heat-saving properties of walls, ceilings then (near the new house) and now.

If, for example, the heat transfer resistance of the wall has decreased by 1/3 or more from the original, then it is recommended to carry out a major overhaul - to change the insulation and the outer wall cladding.

After another 25 years (or earlier), the next regular audit is carried out. So, on the basis of periodic measurements of the heat-saving properties of the external fences of the house, the need to replace the insulation in one or another element of the house is determined.

Since the mass use of effective heaters began 20-25 years ago, and energy audits are not carried out in many cases, there are no reliable statistics on the service life of heaters used in the Russian Federation.

Under clinker cladding, it is best to do without heaters in the wall - build a house with single-layer walls of aerated concrete or porous ceramics and veneer them.

To increase the service life of a facade with a durable and expensive brick cladding, it is recommended apply mineral heaters made of aerated concrete or foam glass.

Traditional mineral wool insulation should have a high density, not less than 75 kg / m 3, and be manufactured by well-known manufacturers in the European Union.

When insulating the wall with polymeric insulation use only extruded polystyrene foam high density.

Find a contractor and order an energy audit of a newly built house. A house with proven energy-saving parameters will increase in price. And in the future, it will be possible to control the condition of the insulation in walls, floors and ceilings.

more articles on this topic:

Brick is reliable and durable. This material looks attractive and presentable. But brick walls have one significant drawback: thermal conductivity. Even a relatively warm ceramic material conducts heat well and does not adequately protect the building from the cold. In our climate, it will be necessary to build walls 64-90 cm thick to provide sufficient thermal resistance. A more rational option would be to manufacture the outer walls of the building from other materials with insulation and cladding. How to lay a house with facing bricks? It is not difficult if you know the technology and the nuances of work.

A house lined with brick looks solid and presentable, it is protected from wind and other unpleasant weather phenomena. This finishing option is used both for houses made of lightweight concrete and for wooden houses.

How to choose a facing brick for a house

Before laying a house with a brick, you should carefully choose the material. It is important to select the cladding not only by cost, but also by technical characteristics and properties.

Most often, ceramic bricks are used in construction. This material has fairly good (compared to other types) thermal insulation performance. The disadvantage in this case will be high hygroscopicity. The technology involves the use of both ordinary ordinary material and special front material.

Ceramic brick is simple, durable and unpretentious in operation

In the first case, it is strongly recommended to treat the outer surface after laying with a hydrophobic composition. The front brick does not need such processing. The composition for processing is chosen with sufficient vapor permeability. This is especially important when decorating a wooden house with a brick. It is required that the impregnation does not form a film on the surface that prevents the walls from being permeable to air and steam. Which brick to choose for frost resistance? The brand must be at least F35 according to the standards, and not below F50 according to the recommendations of the builders.

Another popular option is silicate material. It is the cheapest, but does not differ in durability. Facing a house with a brick of this type conducts heat well and absorbs moisture. Most often, silicate is heavier than ceramic. This option is not recommended when finishing a log house (we also include a frame house and a log house).

Silicate brick is less durable than ceramic, but for 20-30 years you can not remember the problem

For do-it-yourself brick finishing, you can use clinker material. It is specially designed for house cladding, therefore it has low moisture permeability and high strength. Clinker finish looks attractive, but this pleasure is not cheap: prices are on average 50-150% higher.

Undoubtedly, clinker brick is the best choice among all options. You can choose almost any color and shades

How to overlay a wooden house with bricks

Brick and wood have too different characteristics, so certain difficulties may arise in the process of work. Facing a wooden house with brick must necessarily provide for sufficient ventilation of the main part of the wall. Otherwise, the wood will begin to rot or become moldy.
Before you overlay the house with facing bricks, you should carefully examine the wall cake. Three-layer walls with brick cladding in this case will include:

• wooden bearing part;
• vapor barrier;
• insulation;
• waterproofing and wind protection;
• ventilation gap min. 50-60 mm;
• brick lining.

1 - ventilation layer; 2 - fixing the cladding to the wall; 3 - facing brick; 4 - add. insulation with a windproof membrane; 5 - vapor barrier; 6 - finishing; 7 - thermal insulation; 9 - log wall

It is important not to confuse vapor barrier and waterproofing. The latter must be permeable to steam so that it freely leaves the insulation and bricks into the ventilation gap. It is recommended to use modern vapor-diffusion windproof membranes.

To ensure free movement of air, when bricking a wooden house, it is necessary to provide air vents in the lower part and outlets in the upper part. Mineral wool is recommended as thermal insulation. It is characterized by low cost, ease of installation and good air permeability.

Before you properly overlay a wooden house with bricks, you must definitely wait for the walls to shrink. This process can take a couple of years, so the easiest way is to overlay the old house.

Advantages and disadvantages

In construction, it is very difficult to combine materials of different properties. In this case, there are always nuances and negative aspects. Finishing the facade with brick for a wooden structure has three disadvantages:

• reduced ventilation, the likelihood of moisture accumulation in the insulation;
• different shrinkage of wall parts, which does not allow to rigidly connect the cladding and the main wall;
• the high mass of brick compared to wood (more than 3 times) makes it necessary to build more powerful and expensive foundations.

In general, we can say that it is better to finish the old house with bricks. For new construction, it is recommended to consider other more economical and efficient options.

But the technology has its advantages:

• improvement of thermal performance (especially when using ceramics);
• reducing the level of fire danger;
• reliable and durable protection of wood from negative atmospheric phenomena.

Technology

Facing the facade of the house with brick is carried out after treating the wood with an antiseptic. The composition for impregnation should be chosen special - for outdoor work. It will protect the wall from mold, fungus and other dangerous microorganisms. Next, a vapor barrier is attached to the wall on a construction stapler. Installation is carried out with an overlap of at least 10 cm.

A vapor barrier located on the inside of the wall will prevent moisture vapor from entering the insulation from the room.

Facing the facade with brick begins with the installation of the crate. The dimensions of the frame bars depend on the required thickness of the insulation. The thickness of the insulation can be chosen approximately, based on the recommendations of neighbors or the Internet, but it is better to use a special calculation. With the help of a fairly simple Teremok program, even a non-professional can make a heat engineering calculation. You only need to know the thickness of the wooden wall and its thermal conductivity, as well as the thermal conductivity of the selected insulation. Brick (and all layers after the ventilation gap) are not taken into account in the calculation.

The frame bar is attached to the walls with screws or nails. Next, the house needs to be sheathed with insulation. Mineral wool is laid tightly between the crate. To do this, the distance between the bars should be 2-3 cm less than the width of the insulation.

On top of the insulation, waterproofing and wind protection are fixed. Fastening is carried out on a construction stapler. After such preparation, they proceed directly to laying the house with bricks.

The hydro-windproof membrane protects the insulation from wind and moisture, but does not prevent excess water vapor from escaping from the wall to the outside.

The thickness of a brick verst is usually 120 mm. This is not enough to ensure stability, so the wall must be connected to the main part of the outer structure.

This can be done in two ways:

Fasteners are located in the places where the supporting frame passes

Finishing installation technology is also relevant for frame buildings. The only difference is that the connections between the wall and the outer materials are attached to the frame studs. In all cases, it is necessary to veneer taking into account the ventilation gap.

Reinforcement

To brick a building, it is recommended to provide for reinforcement of the finish. To increase strength and rigidity, a wire mesh with a diameter of 3-4 mm and cells of 50x50 mm is used. The mesh is laid in the seams between the horizontal rows. The frequency depends on the brick:

• lining the building with a single brick (65 mm high) - every 5 rows;
• one and a half (height 88 mm) - every 4 rows.

The dimensions of the seams with and without reinforcement should be the same. For control, the grid on one side is slightly taken out of the masonry. This option increases reliability, but increases the cost and complexity of the work.

How to clad a house made of lightweight concrete

A lined house in this case can be built from aerated concrete, gas silicate, foam concrete, cinder blocks, expanded clay concrete. A house made of facing bricks is less breathable than the listed materials. For this reason, as in the previous case, it is necessary to provide for a ventilation gap.

The installation method is very similar to a wooden house. The only difference is that you can use rigid connections between the wall and the cladding. The minimum number of links is 3 pcs. per 1 sq.m. Ties are not allowed to be laid in the seams of the main wall, they are nailed to the surface.

When building a building from fragile cinder blocks, it is recommended to build a frame that will take on the load from floors and other building structures. In this case, the walls will be self-supporting. Finishing the house with facing bricks is attached to the cinder block very carefully.

Your house, lined with brick - it's beautiful and reliable. But when carrying out work, certain recommendations must be followed.

The facade of the house - like the appearance of a person, it gives an impression of the owner. Despite the variety of options presented on the construction market, facing the facade of a house with brick has been and remains the most solid and popular way to decorate a home.

Today, sufficient experience has been accumulated in carrying out this procedure, and we will talk about it.

Facing brick and rules for its use

The building block used for building cladding is not ordinary building bricks. This material has a number of distinctive qualities: the correct shape, a certain surface texture, workmanship and decorative properties. For the construction of load-bearing structures, this material, as a rule, is not used.

Another distinguishing feature of the facing material is its price. This material costs much more than ordinary brick, therefore it is used to a limited extent.

Most often, ceramic building blocks, double silicate brick M 150, foam concrete, and various building blocks are used for the construction of walls. Further, the walls are in one layer, while you can use heaters, or you can refuse them.

Important!
Even an ordinary building with the simplest architecture, after facing, takes on a completely different look, becomes more expensive, more beautiful, more solid.
Moreover, this material is combined with almost any design style and architectural trends, from classic to modern styles.

Among other things, when using cladding, you should be aware of the load on the foundation that it will create. Therefore, when designing a structure, this moment should be taken into account. Old houses can be tiled, which perfectly imitates brick finishing and does not create such a significant load on the foundation.

The structure of the brick facade

As can be seen in the diagram, the brick cladding of the facade of the house is made according to a certain technology:

• The cladding layer rests on the foundation;
• A ventilation gap is left between the cladding layer and the load-bearing walls, as in a ventilated facade to remove condensate;
• The cladding layer is tied to the load-bearing walls using wire or metal fasteners as rigidly as possible, at least 5 ties per square meter;
• A special hole is left in the masonry from below for condensate drainage;
• There is also a hole for air circulation on top;
• Masonry is carried out in a special way: ventilation gaps are left in it.

It becomes clear that brick cladding of facades should be carried out by an experienced craftsman who will be able not only to lay each block beautifully and geometrically flawlessly, but also to observe a number of structural features of this procedure.

Advice!
Laying this layer with your own hands without the appropriate experience is an unreasonable business, since you simply cannot lay out the layer beautifully and correctly without some practice.

Ventilation gaps

Another feature of the facing material is the need for ventilation windows during its laying. Facing the facade of a house with a brick without such a measure can lead to a greenhouse effect, since this material does not pass air and steam well.

Gaps are left in every 3-4th vertical seam by not filling these seams with mortar. Also, do not forget about the holes at the bottom and top of the wall for air circulation and condensate outflow. These measures will help make the walls breathable, which will extend their life and increase the comfort of living in the building.

Stages of cladding work

The instruction for carrying out work on facing the building with brick assumes the following sequence:

1. First you need to accurately calculate the required amount of material, since it is impossible to buy it after - the tone will be different and the house will be ugly. 10% for marriage is added to the calculated amount;

1. We make a trial: we lay out no more than 1 m² of the wall, checking the texture of the mortar and determining the method of filling the joints;
2. We determine the recipe for the preparation of the solution. It is not recommended to change the solution during operation, and categorically! Otherwise, different areas will differ from each other, which will spoil the appearance of the building;
3. It is better to use a regular masonry mortar of a thick consistency.. Refrain from working in frost and various antifreeze additives, they can lead to efflorescence on the walls;
4. In order to make sure that the ligation of the corners is correct and not to make a mistake when calculating the quantity, it is possible to lay a test row dry, i.e. without solution;
5. For color uniformity, use material from different pallets at the same time;
6. Before laying, each block is lowered into the water.. This allows you to clean its surface from dust and at the same time saturate it with water, which will lead to a normal solidification of the solution. The fact is that a dry brick quickly draws water from the masonry mortar, as a result, it crumbles and dries up;
7. Take breaks at work. This will allow you to observe the process from the side and detect defects or shortcomings in a timely manner.

Decorative finishes

• facade cassettes;
• composite;
• porcelain stoneware;
• profiled flooring.

Facing brick

This type of brick is resistant to atmospheric phenomena, frost resistance and is characterized by a decent appearance. The decoration of a building built of facing or finishing bricks most often consists in the design of slopes of window and door openings, as well as plastering or cladding of the basement of the building.

Features of finishing a brick building

If a simple brick was used in the construction of the house, then the facade of such a structure will definitely need to be finished. Not only is the appearance of such a building unattractive and unpresentable, but also the quality characteristics leave much to be desired.

Houses built using silicate brick require the greatest attention. This type of building material is absolutely not suitable for outdoor work, due to the high ability to absorb excess moisture.

The most common option for finishing a house made of building or silicate bricks is plastering the facade, followed by painting. In addition, plastering the facade of the house can be quite easily combined with other finishes, using, for example, natural or artificial stone, as well as porcelain stoneware or other modern finishing materials.

Decorative finishes

The brick facade is almost ideal for finishing. For facing the facade of a brick house, you can use a variety of options:

• any type of siding;
• decorative plaster;
• corrugated board;
• facing brick;
• sandwich panels.

Decorative plaster

Regardless of the type of surface of the facade and the type of material used to build the walls, the plastering technology is almost the same in all cases. However, you should remember some nuances:

• the facade of the building based on brickwork must be cleaned before finishing;
• before the plaster is applied, it is required to moisten the wall surfaces using a spray gun or a wide paint brush;
• all seams located between the bricks in the masonry should be cut down, observing a depth of one and a half centimeters, which will make the adhesion of the plaster layer to the base as reliable and of high quality as possible;
• if it is planned to apply a thick plaster layer, then special guides in the form of beacons must be set according to the level;
• applying decorative plaster is carried out according to standard technology, and the plaster layer is leveled from the bottom up with a special plastering rule;
• finishing plaster should be applied only after the main plaster layer is completely dry.

It should be remembered: in order to obtain the highest quality adhesion of the plaster mixture to the wall surface, a special plaster mesh should be used. Such a mesh should be placed on top of the wall to be treated and secured with dowels.

Ventilated facades

Quite often, the need to produce exterior finishes is associated with construction work. Such work, as a rule, is carried out on old buildings. Recently, however, owners of new buildings also often perform external insulation of houses with subsequent finishing.

If it is supposed to perform external insulation, then any version of sheet insulation should be strengthened on the wall surface. As a further finish, plastering of walls on a reinforcing mesh or the installation of a so-called ventilated facade can be used.

The technology of ventilated facades involves the strengthening of metal rails on the wall surfaces, on which the finishing material is “suspended”. As a rule, homeowners use porcelain stoneware or siding panels as such a finishing material. Between the layer of insulation and the layer of finishing material, a kind of air gap is formed, which contributes to high-quality ventilation of the facade.

The material for creating ventilated facades are:

• facade cassettes;
• composite;
• porcelain stoneware;
• profiled flooring.

Insulation of the facade of a brick house (video)

Facing brick

Modern high-quality brick is not only an ideal material for capital construction, but is also widely used for finishing building facades. Stylish and bright facades based on facing bricks are characterized by beauty and durability.

Such a facade finish is easy to arrange and reliable, and also has a high degree of resistance to moisture and mechanical type of impact. In many respects, facing brick is superior to similar materials.

Currently, several types of facing bricks are produced, which differ not only in composition, but also in size and shape.

Hyper-pressed facing brick

This type of brick is one of the leading materials for finishing brick buildings. A variety of shapes and a wide range of colors can satisfy the most demanding customers.

Semi-dry cement mixtures, as well as lime and crushed stone rocks are used as raw materials in the manufacture of this type of brick. When exposed to high pressure on the feedstock, it turns out to produce a kind of "welding" of all constituent components.

The result is a finishing material with high strength and reliability. The smooth version of such a brick has parameters of 25 x 12 x 6.5 cm. Facing bricks with a stone-like texture can be somewhat shorter. In addition, American bricks with dimensions of 25 x 6 x 6.5 cm are popular.

Ceramic facing brick

The technological process for creating bricks of this type is much more complicated and is characterized by high time and energy costs, including very precise observance of temperature regimes during the firing process. Ceramic brick has internal voids or through holes, which lighten the weight of the structure being performed and give the cladding additional heat-insulating qualities. The shapes and sizes of such voids are different.

Finishing a brick facade can be varied: from plastering to cladding with the appropriate type of brick. Its implementation is the final stage of all construction work, as well as external insulation work. Finishing provides the building with an attractive and aesthetic appearance.

Sheathing a brick house with siding (video)

Brick is used not only as a building material. It perfectly performs the functions of facade decoration. It would seem that a brick facade would surprise anyone, but modern manufacturers of this material have learned to create not only durable specimens, but also interesting shapes, textures, and colors.

From the name it follows that the material is used for facing the house. They are also called front or front, but this does not mean at all that manufacturers put aside the strength characteristics.

The brick with which the walls are trimmed from the outside must also have good strength indicators. This is due to the fact that the facade is constantly subjected to serious loads, such as:

• Mechanical damage (shocks, gusts of wind).
• Ambient temperature fluctuations.
• Atmospheric precipitation, which means regular high humidity.
• Ultraviolet radiation.
• Biological impact (mold, fungus, insects, rodents).

Thanks to special manufacturing technologies, the brick facade is able to withstand all the above loads. At the same time, the material retains an attractive appearance for a long time without unnecessary maintenance costs.

Advantages and disadvantages of such a finish

When choosing materials for decorating the facade, you should definitely study the pros and cons of one or another option. Consult with professionals, contact homeowners who have chosen the same finish and know how the material behaves. Internet forums are also suitable. It is advisable to visit third-party sites, and not the online store of any manufacturer.

As for brick cladding, the following advantages are distinguished here:

1. High moisture repellency.
2. Durability and reliability.
3. Frost resistant design.
4. Steam capacity.
5. Fire and environmental safety.
6. Long service life of 50 years.
7. Self-cleaning - dust and dirt are washed away by rainwater.
8. Simple care.
9. Versatility of use - suitable for both outdoor and indoor decoration.
10. Large selection of shades and factor.

Of course, there are several drawbacks, like any other finishing material.
Let's get acquainted with them:

• High price.
• Poor-quality products are covered with a white coating (efflorescence).
• It is important to buy the right amount of bricks from one batch, otherwise the elements will differ in color. Although some specifically buy 2-3 shades and mix the elements during the styling process. Thus, they create a unique pattern on the facade.

After evaluating the information received, everyone independently decides whether this option is suitable or not.

When is it possible, and when is it impossible to do brick wall cladding?

But there are several points that do not allow the use of brick
masonry:

1. Low foundation strength. Brick is still a heavy material and requires a solid foundation. Therefore, if at first it was planned to build a frame house with a light cladding, but during the operation it was decided to make a brick cladding, then you will have to equip an additional foundation exclusively for the finishing wall.
2. Affects the choice of cladding and the strength of the load-bearing wall. The brick vertical is connected to the supporting structure so that it does not fall to one side or the other. And this means that the main wall must withstand additional load. A gas silicate base will do.
3. The need for redevelopment of the roof also carries a lot of weight when choosing a brick facade. The finished roof will not be able to protect the new structure.

All these nuances significantly increase the price of an already expensive cladding. If the house is old and not able to withstand such loads, then it is better to use easier repair options, for example, basement siding with imitation brick or ceramic tiles for the facade. Use a hinged facade.

It is better if the brick facade is included in the project of a new house. Then, during the construction of the facing wall according to the drawing, unforeseen costs or situations will not arise. In addition, when everything is planned and executed correctly, the structure will be much stronger.

Types of bricks for wall cladding

The modern building materials market offers types of facing bricks, which differ in the composition of the initial components and the method of production. But this does not mean that the technical characteristics are different. All values ​​are approximately at the same level. Only the appearance and colors differ. Therefore, we consider several popular options.

Ceramic

The main raw material for the manufacture of such bricks is clay of different grades. Several additional substances are added to the main component, which slightly improve its qualities. The material is created solid or with cavities. The strength does not depend on the presence of cavities, rather the thermal insulation function improves.

They mainly offer a range of shades from brown to orange and yellow, which is associated with raw materials. Dye is not added to such a brick. The surface of the elements is glossy or matte. Production features are:

1. Thorough mixing of all components, especially if several types of clay were used.
2. Forming blanks.
3. Firing at a temperature of 800-1000 degrees.

But even in the case of using one type of clay, the shade of individual elements is different, and this is due to the following factors:

• Poor quality mix.
• Raw materials from the same quarry often differ in composition and color.
• Temperature fluctuations. The higher the blanks were heated, the darker the brick will turn out.
• The duration of heat treatment is the same dependence as in the previous version. The longer it burns, the darker it gets.

The disadvantage of ceramic bricks is the frequent manifestation of efflorescence. The presence of such white spots is associated with poor-quality raw materials or a short firing time. Also an influential factor is the composition of the adhesive. For the solution, select only high-quality components.

Clinker

This is another version of ceramic bricks, but differs from its predecessor in the following manufacturing points:

1. Choose only refractory grades of clay.
2. Pigments are added to the batch, which allows you to make bricks of different colors.
3. After formation, firing is performed at higher temperatures of about 1300 degrees. The material becomes durable and can withstand significant loads.

Clinker is distinguished by decorative properties, but at the same time it is expensive. Everything is connected with a complex production process. In addition, the goods of foreign manufacturers are mainly represented on the domestic market. Russian manufacturers still do not live up to quality standards.

hyperpressed

Such a brick consists mainly of waste from various industries:

• limestone;
• shell rock;
• waste from the processing of natural stones;
• slags.

In order to bind all the components, add a little cement. To obtain colored pigments, mineral and natural pigments are used. Hyper-pressed bricks are distinguished by the process of creating products:

1. Thorough mixing of dry ingredients.
2. Moisten the mixture with a little water.
3. Packing according to forms.
4. The impact of high pressure.

The blanks are dried until the moisture disappears completely. As you can see, the firing process is completely absent, but this does not make the brick brittle. On the contrary, thanks to the binder, the material acquires the same strength as natural stone. Hyper-pressed lining costs a little less than clinker or ceramics, since the technological process is simpler.

The dimensions of the parts are almost the same, which is difficult to achieve when creating the previous options. And this means that it is easier to overlay the facade with such material. The front side of the brick resembles a torn stone, as it has chips and breaks. This texture only attracts buyers, because it is an imitation of natural
stone.

Silicate

For the manufacture of this option, clay is not used at all. Manufacturers choose the main components:

• Sand is quartz.
• Lime.
• Pigments.
• mineral supplements.

Before sending blanks for firing at a temperature of 120–200 0 C, they are subjected to pressing. Such actions allow you to give the parts the correct shape with small errors in size (up to 0.5 mm). It is worth saying that silicate brick is also fired at elevated pressure up to 12 atmospheres.

This material is much cheaper than the above types. But they are rarely used as facade cladding. It is connected with:

1. High moisture absorption.
2. Low resistance to ultraviolet radiation.
3. Poor response to negative ambient temperatures.

If such an option is chosen for finishing, they take care of protection from destructive factors. The facade is treated with moisture-repellent compounds and the roof overhang is increased.

What is Bavarian masonry?

As mentioned above, bricks from different batches differ significantly in color. In the 17th century, the Bavarians also faced such a problem. They tried to select raw materials more carefully, constantly improved the manufacturing process, but nothing worked.

Then it occurred to me to sort the finished products by color. Unfortunately, the desired result was also not. There was nothing left to do but mix all the elements of 2-4 shades and distribute them evenly over the facade so that light or dark areas do not form on the surface.

The builders noticed that houses with such a pattern looked no worse than plain buildings. In addition, the masonry gave the building brightness and attractiveness, highlighting it from the crowd. Now this style of bricklaying is considered a sign of good taste, and tourists go to Bavaria to admire the ancient buildings.

Photos of beautiful brick house designs

Examples using bricks

Someone likes brickwork, and the owner strives to recreate such a facade in any way - using facing bricks or materials that can imitate this lining. Others try to escape from the standards and mask the brick walls in any known way.

There is no dispute about tastes, because everyone has their own vision of beauty. Therefore, we will consider several options for facades decorated with bricks, but in different interpretations and styles.

Universal brick facade

Brick is such a versatile material that it is even used to decorate houses with columns, arches, stucco and other facade decor. At the same time, the building will not lose its attractiveness, but, on the contrary, will sparkle with new colors, and at the same time it will not look vulgar or tasteless.

The right shade of the cladding elements, as well as the texture, will only emphasize the taste and status of the owner of the house. Therefore, turning to brickwork as a renovation of the facade, you should not worry about whether the building will be just as beautiful. No, it won't, but it will be completely new!

Painted brick, exterior walls in different colors

With the help of paints and varnishes, they transform a brick facade that has already become boring. But be careful when choosing this method of decorating a private building. The paint penetrates deeply and unevenly into the structure of the brick, and it will be extremely difficult to get rid of it.

As you know, paint is not a material with a long service life, therefore, having once painted a brick facade, it must be maintained in an attractive form every 3–5 years, depending on the type of paint chosen. In addition, some types cover the facade with a durable film that does not let moisture in from the interior. This will negatively affect the base material.

If this option is suitable and does not frighten the owner, then there are no limits to fantasy. On the construction market, a large number of facade paints are already tinted or white, which can be pigmented. The pigment is chosen from the same manufacturer as the paint.

On the facade, no more than three shades are combined. Window and door openings, a porch, and are highlighted in a contrasting color. To choose a color scheme, they will use the advice from fashionable construction publications, their online counterparts or professional designers.

In all options there are photo galleries where a ready-made option is selected or a completely new one is created at the request of the client. Painting is quite realistic to do with your own hands, but if the building is large, two-story, then it is better to resort to the services of a professional team with the appropriate tools and equipment.

whitewashed brick

One of the options for painting the facade is the application of white on the brick. This way of decorating external houses will achieve the effect of aging. Often whitewashed bricks were used in English villages, so those who are interested in this style cannot do without whitewash.

For whitewashing, a mixture of lime and edible salt is used. If you add a small amount of white cement, the layer will be stronger and last longer.

Energy efficient brick

The energy efficiency of this material lies in the ability to heat up for a long time, and then give off heat to the environment for a long time. Thus, we have the following:

• In the summer, the facade warms up in the sun, but the heat does not penetrate into the rooms, so it stays cool there.
• In winter, heated interior walls do not let heat out, but at the same time retain heat inside the rooms for a long time.

Buildings with a long service life require wall insulation. Therefore, when laying decorative bricks, a small gap is left between the main and the outer (decorative wall). Insulating material is placed in this gap, taking into account the ventilated gap.

If this is not done, then moisture will accumulate in the thermal insulation material, which will lead to destruction. In addition, the walls inside the rooms will also be wet. And if you leave a gap, then you do not need to ventilate the room additionally.

Natural beauty

Synthetic materials are rarely used for the manufacture of facing bricks. Therefore, such lining remains natural and absolutely safe for human health, as well as for the surrounding nature. If dyes are added to create a finish of bright colors, then they are rather natural mineral origin.

Naturalness is always in fashion, and now, when the world around us is stuffed with synthetic substances, you want to close yourself in a country cottage or a city one-story house made of natural ingredients.

Playing with texture

Brick goes well with different materials that have an original texture. There is no difference between wooden tiles or decorative elements on a metal facade, a stone walkway or a plinth and stone trimmed corners. The brick facade will emphasize the originality of the finish.

You can finish several elements with plaster and leave a clean facade, which looks good. In addition, bricks of different types and shades are well combined on the same house. You just need to skillfully select a separate area.

Mix tiles and bricks

If there is a large amount of green space around the house with an attic, then raw brick is suitable as a finish for the facade. The roof is covered with unpainted tiles. This way of decorating the facade will create comfort throughout the site, and convey the spirit of the forest thicket.

handmade brick

Now all the bricks are made in factories and in large batches. Previously, everything was done by hand without the use of sophisticated machinery. If you want to make your home stand out from the crowd, you can do everything the old fashioned way.

Knead the solution, pour it into wooden molds and burn it at the stake. Washing out irregularities on the bricks with sand, they create an original velvety texture. Such blocks will aesthetically embellish the facade, and convey the spirit of the ancient mansion.

modern brick

The versatility of the brick facade allows it to be used for modern buildings in the minimalist style. Various colors and textures are suitable for creating an accent both on the facade and indoors. In addition, there is nothing shameful in completely revetting the facade.

Is it worth it to do the cladding yourself?

The process of laying bricks is quite complicated. Without experience in this area, it is almost impossible to make a smooth wall horizontally and vertically. Moreover, there are also features of the formation of an external decorative wall. It is necessary to make flexible connections, leave ventilation gaps between the elements. It's very difficult to control everything. Besides, the work will go slowly.

Therefore, you should not tempt fate and translate expensive bricks and mortar, but immediately hire a professional team of masons. Finding good employees will also be difficult. Ask friends or neighbors for advice, perhaps there are such people in their environment. And be prepared for the fact that the cost of doing the work is also not cheap.