We build a veranda with our own hands, a phased demonstration of construction. Do-it-yourself frame veranda - step by step instructions

Having built a veranda, you can make your house more beautiful and unique, as well as expand its usable area. But how to build it? The easiest way is to add a veranda to the housing project even before the start of construction - in this case, it will have a common foundation with the house and it will turn out to be stronger.

However, if such an opportunity was missed, you should not be upset, since attaching a veranda to the house after the completion of its construction is absolutely realistic - you just need to study the work technology and learn all the subtleties of the process. How to build a veranda correctly?

Veranda design

The first stage of any construction is the creation of a project; This stage is also important in the construction of such a relatively simple structure as a terrace. You can draw up a detailed construction plan yourself using various software. However, if you do not have a special education, it is better to contact the design office for professional help.

Plan of walls and partitions of the first floor

Design can be divided into several separate stages.

Choosing the type of veranda

The veranda attached to the house can have a very different look. All such structures can be divided into two types:

You can choose any option - the main thing is that the terrace organically fits into the overall exterior of the house, becomes its logical continuation.

Thematic material:

The shape of the building also differs. The simplest and most affordable option is the usual rectangular veranda. More complex will be a rounded, curved design. You can also attach polygonal terraces to the house, running along one or more walls, or even forming a whole belt around the whole house. It is not necessary to build a veranda near the front door, although this seems to be the most obvious solution.

Material selection

As a rule, the veranda is built from the same material from which the house is made: it is better to attach a log or timber veranda to a brick building, to a wooden house. However, you should not rely on design compliance alone. Another important criterion when working is how difficult the construction of the veranda will be.

The easiest way to build - the object made from it is easy to process, the material allows you to easily implement many design ideas. It is also simple and inexpensive to create a structure from modern materials: WPC, PVC, polycarbonate. To attach a concrete or metal veranda to the house, most likely, you will need the help of specialists in various fields.

Construction Site Analysis

One of the most important tasks when designing a terrace is to study the technical nuances and bring the characteristics of the future building in line with the conditions of the area. The quality and durability of the structure will be affected by several factors:

• soil type;
• the condition of the wall of the building to which it is planned to attach the veranda;
• climatic conditions in the region.

The maximum mass of the terrace, the complexity of the foundation, the need for insulation and much more depend on these parameters.

Documents receiving

This point is very easy to lose sight of if all the work on the construction of the terrace from start to finish is done independently. The project of the veranda and other technical documentation will help to obtain permission to change the design and registration certificate of the house. According to the law, construction approval is required in the following instances:

1. local self-government body;
2. fire safety authorities;
3. sanitary and epidemiological station.

It seems that since the built house and the plot are yours, you are free to do whatever you want with them - including attaching a terrace. However, without all the permits and a documented project, the terrace will legally be an illegal addition to the house. This will make it impossible to sell the object, donate it, exchange it; it will also be impossible to get a loan from a bank on the security of a house.

Foundation construction

When the project is completed, and all permits are obtained, it will be possible to proceed with the actual construction work. And their first part is the construction of a high-quality and reliable foundation. How to make this part of the building right?

The main requirement is this: the base of a closed or open veranda attached to a private house must correspond in its technical characteristics to the foundation of the main building. First of all, its depth should be the same. If this requirement is not met, when the air temperature drops, due to uneven deformation of materials, parts of the house will disperse, a gap will appear between the terrace and the wall.

Attaching a new foundation to an old one is done in different ways, depending on how long ago the house was built.

• A new house is usually in the process of shrinking, so a rigid connection will cause the weaker structure to collapse - most likely it will be a terrace. In this case, the veranda is attached in the “thorn-groove” way - it will slide around the house like on rails, and the difference in shrinkage rates will not harm the structure in any way.
• If the house has been standing for a long time, and the shrinkage is over, a rigid connection of the terrace with it is allowed. In this case, a gasket made of a waterproofing material (for example, roofing paper) is used and the connection is treated with mounting foam.

It will not work to make the foundation unified if the terrace was not conceived at the design stage of the house, but nevertheless, you should try to combine the foundations of the veranda and the house as efficiently as possible.

The type of foundation is selected depending on the design features of the terrace, primarily its mass, as well as the type of soil.

Formation of flooring

Whether the planned veranda is closed or its main attribute is complete openness, in any case, the terrace floor must be durable, warm and protected from destruction.

Most often, even if the rest of the veranda is made of concrete or brick, the floor is made of wood. This is due to both practical and aesthetic properties of this material:

• the tree does not allow heat from the room to flow into the ground;
• it is durable;
• wood is completely safe for health;
• such a floor practically does not require decorative processing, since the material itself is very beautiful - just cover it with a layer of varnish to protect it from damage.

The floor on the finished foundation is built in the following order.

All wooden elements of the veranda must be treated with antiseptic and antibacterial impregnations. This will protect the terrace floor from decay, damage by fungal and other microorganisms, significantly extending its service life.

Walling

Walls, unlike the floor, are an optional attribute of attached verandas. Instead of them, it is quite possible to build an ordinary . The veranda may not have any fencing at all - some projects for adding a veranda to the house involve the use of plants, hedges, as a fence. If it is planned to make full-fledged railings, walls and roofing, the next step after the formation of the floor will be the construction of the frame.

A lightweight frame made of wood is done like this.

1. Along the perimeter of the floor, bars are laid, connected to each other by a direct lock. Grooves should be made on them for attaching racks in increments of about 50 cm.
2. Racks are fixed in grooves with metal brackets.
3. From above, the racks are tied with a beam.
4. We make rafters for the roof.

A light metal frame is erected in a similar way. If the foundation allows, the frame can be made of concrete or brick. The thickness of the load-bearing structural elements may differ from the characteristics of the walls of the main house. Roof supports must be at least 1.5 bricks thick, fence posts - 125 mm.

Terrace walls can be finished using a variety of materials:

• wooden or plastic lining;
• metal siding;
• beam;
• decorative brick and much more.

The main thing is the conformity and appearance of the house.

The walls of the veranda must be connected to the wall of the house in the same way as the foundations of the structures. For this, embedded steel elements are used. They are fixed in the main wall using deep holes, and they are laid in the wall structures of the terrace at the construction stage and fixed with a cement-sand mortar.

If the veranda is made open, railings are erected instead of walls. They can also be made from wood, metal, WPC, brick or concrete. Such a fence consists of racks, balusters and railings.

Roofing

The roof of the terrace can be removable, but it is better to securely fasten it to the frame if you plan to build a durable veranda. Like the floor, the main part of the roof is made of wood. The reliability and durability of the structure depend on how accurately the construction technology is observed.

The main terrace is a truss system consisting of a wooden beam and a crate made of boards. The task of this system is to hold the roofing material in place and withstand external influences - for example, precipitation pressure. Therefore, a lot depends on the quality of the rafters.

First of all, the rafters are treated with antiseptic agents. Then the next work is done.

After all the main elements of the veranda are completed, it remains only to make a few finishing touches - to do interior decoration, conduct electrical wiring and, if necessary, heating, and install furniture for relaxation.

The listed construction work is only the basic part of the technology that any extension of the veranda requires. The remaining elements - stairs, decorative elements - are made in accordance with the project. Having built the main parts of the terrace, you can easily cope with the additional ones.

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Dining room, it is nice to have tea parties. You can build a veranda with your own hands using the tips from our article. We will tell you how to calculate the material, assemble the frame, etc. This will help you avoid mistakes, save time and money.

A veranda is an unheated extension to the main building, which adjoins the house on one side, combining the functions of a porch and a place to relax. Unlike a terrace, it is built in the same style as the house and serves as a shelter from rain and sun.

Veranda can be:

• with glazing (closed type);
• without glazing (open type).

The choice of materials for construction

When choosing materials, one should proceed from the fact that the veranda is most often built according to the principle of frame technology. For racks, lower and upper strapping, a beam of 150x150 mm is used. It can also be used for the log floor. For the installation of the main floor trusses, a beam of a smaller section is needed - 80x100 mm. Intermediate rafters are made of bars 40x40 mm. Filling between the posts - from edged boards with a thickness of 20 mm or from vinyl siding.

It is necessary to build a crate, which will require a beam of a smaller section (40x20 mm) or a metal profile. Stiffening ribs from the same timber are installed between the uprights. The same beam is needed for the installation of roofing lathing. The ceiling is lined with 20 mm boards, moisture-resistant plywood or OSB boards. For the floor, a grooved board with a thickness of at least 40 mm is used.

In order to know the exact amount of basic materials, before starting construction, it is necessary to make a sketch of the future veranda, in which all dimensions will be indicated.

Veranda model with basic dimensions

Table. Consumables for the construction of the veranda

Material name	Unit rev.	Qty	Average price, rub.	Total cost, rub.
Beam 150x150 mm (pine)	m/n	45/1 m 3	7 500	7 500
Beam 80x100 mm	m/n	20 / 0.24 m 3	7 500	1 800
Beam 40x40 mm	m/n	20 / 0.24 m 3	8 500	2 040
Beam 40x20 mm	m/n	16 / 0.01 m 3	8 500	85
Grooved board 40 mm	m 2	8	640	5 120
Edged board 20 mm	m 2	6	280	1 680
Brick ceramic ordinary M-100	PCS.	250	12,50	3 125
bituminous tiles	m 2	10	460	4 600
Ruberoid	roll	1	250	250
Cement	kg	150	50	7 500
Sand	m 3	2	120	240
Wooden window block 1200x1000	PCS.	8	4 400	35 200
Wooden door block	PCS.	1	5 000	5 000
antiseptic	l	5	380	380
The total cost will be				76 920

The table shows the main materials. Some of them can be replaced, depending on personal preference, for example, vinyl or metal siding, wooden clapboard or a variation of it - a blockhouse can be used to fill between the racks.

Foundation for the veranda

For a light structure (which includes a veranda), the best solution would be to build a columnar foundation. This will significantly reduce the cost and speed up construction.

Particular attention should be paid to the base elements located at the entrance: they must be stronger than others. This requirement is caused by the need to prevent the veranda from tilting away from the house, which often happens when the foundation pillars subside. This can be avoided by building additional supports.

The construction of the columnar foundation for the veranda is carried out in stages:

1. The site is being prepared: trees and shrubs are cut down, stumps are uprooted.
2. The marking of the places of installation of the supports of the columnar foundation is being carried out.
3. Pits are dug below the level of soil freezing (approximately 1.1-1.2 m), at the bottom of which sand bedding 150 mm thick is arranged. Sand must be moistened and compacted.
4. Crushed stone is poured with a layer of about 100 mm.
5. Crushed stone is poured with a liquid cement-sand mortar, after which concreting is performed on top of it. The concrete layer should also be about 100 mm.
6. A roofing material is laid on top of the concrete in two layers (for waterproofing). Brickwork is being carried out: brick columns of square section (one and a half bricks) are being built. The height of the above-ground part should be such that the floor level of the veranda is slightly lower than the floor level of the main part of the house.

1. All supports must be at the same level: this must be controlled with a water level.
2. After the masonry is completed, the pits are backfilled. The soil needs to be compacted.
3. Two layers of roofing material are also laid on top of the posts.

The pillars of the column foundation must be at the same level

Attention! It is impossible to leave unfinished construction for the winter: due to spring heaving of the soil, unloaded pillars can be unevenly displaced. Fixing this will be difficult.

Frame construction and wall construction

First, we mount the lower trim from the beam (all connections are made only above the foundation pillar). The timber in the corners is joined half a tree and a spike is driven into a drilled hole with a diameter of 12 mm. To lay the log, grooves are hollowed out every 50-60 cm.

Racks must be installed strictly vertically. They are fixed with brackets and special corner connectors. For ease of installation, the racks are temporarily fixed with jibs. The racks closest to the house should be made higher than the ones farther away so that the roof slope is at least 7 °: this is necessary to ensure good rainwater runoff and snow melting.

The frame of the veranda will become stronger after installing the window sill beams between the uprights. The distance from the floor level is about 0.5 m (windows should be large).

The top trim is the same as the bottom. In it, grooves are hollowed out for the bars of the crate.

In the squares formed by the bars of the lower trim, uprights and window sill beams, diagonal elements are installed (crosswise), connecting them half a tree - they will additionally strengthen the structure. The walls under the window are sheathed on the outside with boards or other suitable material (siding, shield panels, etc.). A heat-insulating material is laid between the inner and outer skin - mineral wool (if the veranda is not used during the cold season, the insulation can be omitted).

Attention! Wood must be inspected and boards and beams with signs of decay and insect pests should be rejected. All wooden elements of the frame should be treated with an antiseptic agent, and after installation, paint should be applied.

Roof and floor installation

On top of the mounted crate, we lay sheets of moisture-resistant plywood or OSB boards. We use it as a roofing material: under such a roof it will be more comfortable during rain. A gutter should also be installed with a slope of 3-5 ° towards the water outlet.

For the floor, well-dried, planed tongue-and-groove boards with a thickness of at least 40 mm are needed. They are tightly driven together, leaving a compensation gap of 5-10 mm at the edges.

Note: in order for the floor to serve for a long time, the space between the foundation supports is not sewn up, or air vents (ventilation holes) are arranged.

After that, a porch is attached to the veranda, doors are installed and glazing is performed. Windows can be with single glass: this is enough to protect against rain and wind. Window frames with double-glazed windows are necessary if the veranda is planned to be heated (in this case, all cracks must be foamed and covered with platbands).

The last step is interior decoration. On the veranda you can install a table for tea drinking, if the area allows - you can install a dressing table and decorate with flowers and climbing plants so that you can comfortably relax on the veranda during the summer heat or rain.

Owners of private houses and dachas strive to make their possessions as comfortable as possible for recreation. Terraces are designed for this purpose, allowing you to enjoy fresh air and garden views in comfortable conditions. If such a recreation area is not provided for at the design stage of the house, it can always be done later. Building a terrace with your own hands is not an easy process, but with step-by-step instructions, any owner can handle it.

What is a terrace and its types

In manuals for the construction of residential buildings, a terrace is called a flooring raised above the ground and having a support base. In dictionaries, it is characterized as a summer building without walls, which comes with or without a roof.

Often a terrace is confused with a veranda and they do not understand what is the difference between these two structures. The first thing you need to pay attention to when understanding this issue is the presence of a common foundation with the building. The terrace can be built next to the house or at a distance from it: by the pond, above the river bank, anywhere in the site. The veranda always has structural elements in common with the building: walls or foundations.

Several types of terraces have been invented and classified, each of which has its own advantages. A variety of design solutions for recreation areas allows you to choose the best option for a particular situation.

Types of terraces by type of construction

Terraces are classified according to two main features:

• degree of protection from the environment;
• location.

In accordance with the first criterion, three types of structures are distinguished: open, semi-open and closed.

open

The simplest design, protected only from precipitation. It is a platform raised above ground level, on which supports are located that hold a canopy or roof. The interior space of such a terrace is accessible to all winds. If it is attached to the house, it has a common wall with it.

Outdoor terraces are built in quiet sunny places, they are great for areas around the pool, and it is pleasant and safe to walk barefoot on the decking floor

semi-open

A slightly more complex terrace in terms of design. It differs from the open one by the presence of 1 to 3 walls. They are solid in whole or in part. Railings with balusters are installed along the perimeter or from 1-2 sides. A characteristic feature of semi-open terraces is one solid wall that protects the recreation area from the wind. Most often, this element of the structure is the wall of the house.

Ideal as an extension to the bath, used for sunbathing

Closed

The terrace is maximally protected from wind and precipitation. It can be fully called a veranda if there is a base or walls common with the house. Most often, panoramic glazing is installed in such recreation areas, allowing you to enjoy nature in the most comfortable conditions. On closed terraces, fresh air is always provided. For this purpose, sliding doors, opening windows, hatches in the roof or canopy are mounted.

On the covered terrace you can relax even in winter or arrange a mini-greenhouse

Types of terraces by location

An important classification feature of terraces is location. The complex of construction works and the choice of materials for the construction of the building depend on it.

Ground

The floor of such a terrace is not a wooden flooring, but a base made of mineral or synthetic, non-hygroscopic materials. The middle part of the structure (between the floor and the roof) can be open, semi-open or closed. This is an expensive building, which is its main drawback. To reduce the cost of construction, it is recommended to raise the floor above ground level by no more than 4–5 cm. Otherwise, earthen terraces have a lot of advantages:

• convenient in operation;
• provide ample opportunities for the design of internal and external space;
• aesthetically attractive.

• erected on a sand and gravel "cushion", compensating for seasonal ground movements caused by the processes of freezing and thawing;
• paving is done with paving slabs or porcelain stoneware;
• a slope is formed along the perimeter for water flow;
• for the same purpose, the floor has a slope of 2–3 °;
• curbs for structures of this type are not provided.

The ground terrace is quickly mounted and inexpensive

Ground

Ground terraces are otherwise called "ground adjacent". They are fundamentally different from ground-type structures. In the case of ground floors, the floor is located a short distance from the ground and is a flooring made of wood or other materials. Terraces of this type are built anywhere on the site. Unlike soil, they do not require a significant amount of earthwork, they are built easier and faster.

Disadvantages:

• lack of high-quality ventilation of the space under the flooring, which leads to a gradual dampening of the materials from which it is made;
• the impossibility of installing a canopy or roof if there is no support for them nearby (walls of the house). Terraces located at a distance from buildings are protected from precipitation by umbrella-type structures or canopies, the supports of which are located outside the flooring.

Highlights of construction:

• the soil is compacted with the formation of a slight slope to drain rainwater;
• an obligatory structural element is drainage, which ensures the durability of the materials from which the flooring is made;
• on mobile soils, a thin concrete slab is poured under the drainage layer;
• installation of the flooring log is possible on the support posts, which will improve the situation with the ventilation of the space under the floor.

Under the finishing of the flooring, voids must be made for natural air circulation - this will prevent the lag from rotting and extend the life of the structure

Exalted

The most popular type of terraces. Structures of this type are erected at a distance of 15–40 cm from the ground level. The base is a gravel-sand "cushion" and supports in the form of columns. It is possible to install a shallow strip foundation. Unlike the two previous types of terraces (ground and ground), the floor is not a flooring, but a load-bearing frame, sheathed with finishing material on the outside. There are no drawbacks to the elevated type structures.

Advantages:

• the possibility of constructing a roof or a canopy, regardless of whether the terrace is attached to the house, or is located at a distance from it;
• there is no need to perform a large amount of earthwork;
• choice of open, semi-open or closed terrace design.

Highlights of construction:

• supports are installed on a stable base: concrete "cushion";
• it is possible to use screw piles;
• when installing a strip foundation, it is necessary to provide vents that provide ventilation of the space under the floor.

Elevated terraces - the best option for difficult terrain or placement near a reservoir

overhanging

The most complex in terms of design and construction of structures. Installation of such terraces is carried out only by specialists with experience in performing this type of work. There are no standard schemes and calculations for overhanging terraces. Each structure is built according to an individual project. The main and only drawback of overhanging terraces is their high cost.

Advantages:

• provide a spectacular "floating" view of the landscape;
• are built using the latest technologies, which guarantees the strength and durability of structures;
• safe;
• convenient in operation.

Overhanging terraces are often found in the resort mountain area, in areas with a significant slope

What to build a terrace from

A wide selection of building materials allows you to build a terrace for any budget. Specialized products are also sold, such as a terrace board made of Siberian larch. This material is treated with impregnations that increase moisture resistance, and is suitable for open-type structures.

Base and floor

The base of the attached terrace should be of such a height that the flooring with facing material (if any) is 2–3 cm below the level of the floor of the living quarters. This small drop will prevent rainwater and melted snow from entering the house. This requirement does not apply to free-standing structures.

The base of the terrace is of several types:

• screw piles;
• concrete tape;
• brick or concrete pillars.

The first option is most successful with the complex terrain of the site on which the terrace will be located. Screw piles are screwed to the desired depth so that the heads are in the same horizontal plane. If necessary, the trunks of metal supports are cut with a grinder. As a base for the terrace, piles with a diameter of 10.8 cm with a 30 cm cross-section of the blades are suitable. Supports are installed every 200 cm along the length of the building and every 150 cm along its width.

When installing supports of any type, it is necessary to form a shock-absorbing “cushion” consisting of a 5–10 cm layer of sand and 10–15 cm of crushed stone of an average fraction (20x40 mm). Each layer is compacted, while the sand is poured with water.

• cement M400;
• gravel or crushed stone;
• sifted quarry sand (river sand is not used for the preparation of the solution).

The maximum distance between the lags is 40 cm, then the finish coating will not bend and will withstand all weight loads

frame

The design of the terrace frame consists of three main elements:

• strapping, which fits on the supports;
• flooring, which is the floor of the building;
• supports to support a roof or canopy.

The lower trim is made of timber with a section of 100x100 or 150x150 mm. The larger the terrace, the stronger the timber needed. Wood is necessarily covered with 1-2 layers of a solution that prevents rotting and increases moisture resistance. The optimal choice is fire-retardant compositions:

• "Senezh Ognebio";
• "Senezh Ognebio PROF";
• neomid 450;
• Pirilax.

Roof supports can be wooden (timber) or metal (profiled or round pipes). The metal is covered with a layer of anti-corrosion protection: special solutions or moisture-resistant paints. For the stability of the supports, the upper trim is made of wooden or metal products, in accordance with the design of the terrace.

The frame structure also includes crossbars installed between the supports of the upper trim. They are designed to hold the canopy and prevent the formation of deflections.

You will need connecting and fasteners:

• metal perforated corners and plates;
• studs or staples for fixing the lower harness to the base (pillars or concrete tape);
• screws and nails.

All wooden structural elements must be impregnated with antiseptics or varnished for outdoor use or weatherproof paint

canopy

The aesthetic appeal of the terrace largely depends on what and how the canopy is built. This structural element performs not only a decorative role: it protects the interior from precipitation. For the construction of a canopy, the following materials are used:

• polycarbonate;
• roofing, similar to those with which the roof is lined (this technique is effective in the construction of terraces attached to the house);
• boards polished and treated with fire protection;
• high strength glass.

There are two options for the design of the canopy:

• solid, consisting of several canvases or sections of material forming a monolith;
• sliding.

The second option is distinguished by a wide variety of design solutions. The most convenient in operation are sliding canopies controlled by automation. These are expensive structures, the design and installation of which is carried out by specialists.

The covered terrace canopy can be insulated with mineral wool or foam.

For the installation of a light canopy made of rolled material, heavy supports are not needed

Partitions

The structures of semi-open and closed terraces provide for the installation of partitions located along one or more walls of the building. These can be railings with balusters, girders or solid panels.

For the construction of partitions, only durable materials are suitable: wood or metal. Railings with balusters can be forged, painted in any color you like. Wooden carvings are also popular.

For the device of solid partitions are suitable:

• boards;
• moisture resistant plywood;
• flat slate;
• polycarbonate;
• sandwich panels.

The choice of material depends on the type of terrace and its design.

The openwork partition makes the teraasu lighter and more elegant, solos and refreshes the interior

How to build a terrace with your own hands

After reviewing the information about all the nuances of the choice of materials and the construction technology of various types of terraces, each owner will be able to make a durable and aesthetically attractive extension to the house or a free-standing structure.

Drawings and projects

When choosing a terrace project, first of all, it is determined by its size. Based on the reviews of the owners of houses with such extensions, several conclusions can be drawn:

• a terrace 250 cm long is optimal for 3-4 people on it at the same time and a minimum amount of small-sized furniture;
• comfortable length - 300–350 cm.

In choosing the size of the extension, you can focus on the standard dimensions of terraces in Europe and the USA:

• minimum width - 181 cm;
• recommended length - 304 cm;
• flooring below the floor level in the house by 2.5–4 cm.

The easiest way is to build a terrace, which is planned at the design stage of the house. The attached documentation will indicate the necessary materials, their dimensions, methods of connection and fastening.

The terrace, designed together with the house, will form a single ensemble with the main building

When designing a terrace on your own, several recommendations are followed:

• the drawing is drawn up on graph paper at a scale of 1:20;
• measurements of the territory are carried out using a tape measure, level or range finder;
• take into account the need for a slope of the flooring in the direction from the wall of the house;
• indicate the dimensions of each element of the structure.

An open terrace can be built on either side of the building. The floor is made unpaved or in the form of flooring.

With the help of special design applications, you can create a three-dimensional model of the future terrace on a computer

For a closed terrace, a reinforced, durable frame with the possibility of insulation is required.

For a closed terrace, it is necessary to provide a doorway

For the device of a free-standing terrace, one of the simplest projects in terms of design and construction can be taken as a basis.

A free-standing terrace in the garden or by the pool will become a favorite place for the whole family to relax.

Having built a semi-open terrace with a canopy for the summer, you can, if desired, sheathe it with walls made of either boards or other improvised materials

Wooden with a canopy

The most popular way of arranging recreation areas is the construction of wooden terraces. They are durable, easy to install and beautiful in appearance.

For the construction of a wooden terrace you will need:

• bricks for supporting posts;
• timber 100x100 or 150–150 (for the frame);
• OSB boards or sheets 12–16 mm thick (for flooring);
• professional sheet or other roofing material (for a canopy);
• wooden bars for railings;
• balusters;
• fire bioprotective solution;
• cement M400 and sand for the preparation of a binder for laying bricks.

Presentable wooden terraces of a semi-open type, built of logs. A similar effect can be achieved by building solid walls from OSB or boards, and sheathing them with a blockhouse.

Tools required:

• wood saw;
• a circular saw;
• screwdriver or drill;
• container for the preparation of cement-sand mortar;
• paint brush.

A thickness gauge is used to calibrate lumber.

Substrate and floor preparation

1. Mark the site, marking the location of each column. The optimal distance between them is 150–200 cm.
2. Dig holes 30–40 cm deep.
3. Tamp the bottom of the pit.
4. Pour 5-10 cm of sand on the bottom, spill it with water and compact.
5. Pour a 10-15 cm layer of gravel. They tamp him down.
6. The first row of bricks is laid on the cement-sand mortar.
7. Continue laying until the pillars of the required height are built.
8. The lower trim of the timber is laid on the poles. The elements are interconnected by the thorn-groove method or by means of metal corners. During the construction of attached terraces, the strapping is not attached to the wall of the house. This will prevent warping of the flooring during shrinkage of the building. The terraces associated with the building are arranged only if there is a single foundation for the house and the extension.
9. Mount the lags.
10. Sheathe the lower trim with the selected material: OSB or boards.

The basis for the logs are concrete point support blocks, they are inexpensive and easy to install.

Frame erection

The frame of the terrace is a complex of vertical wooden beams, top trim made of timber and transverse beams.

1. Install corner supports for the canopy.
2. They are connected to the wall of the house, taking into account the required angle of the roof slope: at least 4–5 °.
3. Install intermediate supports. They are connected to each other by a horizontally laid beam of the upper trim.
4. If the terrace is semi-open type, railings and balusters are mounted.

The shed roof of the wooden terrace at an angle will provide a natural drainage of water from the canopy

canopy

The canopy device is the installation of the selected material on the frame. Cloths are laid, starting from one of the sides of the structure from its lower part. The need for overhangs 4–5 cm wide is taken into account. Sheets of roofing material are fixed on self-tapping screws with a press washer. At the final stage, a gutter is installed.

Polycarbonate

Polycarbonate is a strong and durable material with good light transmission. It is great for a canopy over a terrace. Those who have already made a similar design are advised to buy not transparent, but colored polycarbonate, as it better protects the interior of the extension from the hot rays of the sun.

Necessary materials and tools

An example of calculating materials for a terrace measuring 615x350 cm:

• timber 200x150x350 mm for mounting the frame - 11 pcs.;
• timber 100x100x350 mm - 18 pcs.;
• logs 50x100x350 mm - 8 pcs.;
• moisture resistant plywood 1220x2440 mm for flooring - 22–25 sheets;
• linoleum for the floor;
• slats 50x50 cm for canopy sheathing;
• cellular polycarbonate 6 mm thick for a canopy;
• OSB 9 mm thick for wall installation.

Tools required:

• a circular saw;
• screwdriver;
• hacksaw;
• hammer;
• paint brush.

Substrate and floor preparation

A polycarbonate terrace can be built on a columnar, slab or strip foundation. The choice of the type of foundation depends on the estimated weight of the future building. Polycarbonate is a lightweight material and will not exert a significant load on the structure. Therefore, the foundation can be made soil-bearing.

Ground base construction stages:

1. They mark the site, find the corner points of the future structure.
2. Level the ground and form a slope to drain water. Compact the soil with a vibrating plate.
3. They make sandy dumping with a thickness of 7-10 cm, spill it with water from a hose. Align with the slope and tamp.
4. In a similar way, a gravel “cushion” is formed with a thickness of 7–15 cm.
5. Every 120–150 cm, longitudinal depressions (3–5 cm deep) are made in the gravel layer - drainage.
6. Logs are laid in increments of 150–200 cm.
7. Form flooring from boards, plywood or OSB.

Frame erection

For a light polycarbonate terrace, powerful supports are not required. Therefore, the optimal choice would be a bar with a section of 100x100 mm. Vertical supports are installed on the flooring and united by the crossbars of the upper trim. For greater stability of the frame, braces can be installed on the walls, which at the same time will serve as decorative elements of the structure.

The frame for the polycarbonate terrace is made lighter, it is advisable to take into account the dimensions of standard sheets of material

Canopy and walls

The width of the polycarbonate sheet is 210 cm, length - 300 and 600 cm. It is important to lay the sheets vertically, in the direction of water flow. To install a canopy made of this material, the following list of works is sequentially performed:

1. Carry out cutting of canvases with the help of a circular or band saw, electric jigsaw.
2. the first sheet is laid on the selected side of the canopy, while the side of the polycarbonate protected from UV rays should be facing up, towards the sun.
3. The canvas is fastened with self-tapping screws with thermal washers so that the fasteners enter strictly vertically (step 60–70 mm).
4. Install the remaining polycarbonate sheets.
5. Close the end sections with special strips.

If the terrace project involves the construction of walls, the most suitable material is chosen for their construction: boards, OSB, plywood.

Polycarbonate is available in a wide range of shades, which gives designers the opportunity for different color schemes.

Arrangement and decor

Closed-type terraces with panoramic glazing are the most spectacular in appearance and comfortable for relaxation. They have all the advantages of open structures (a full view of the landscape, good lighting) and at the same time provide reliable protection from wind and precipitation.

Very often in a country house there is not enough additional space for relaxation. You can supplement the building with an additional living room, but a simpler option is to add a veranda. The dimensions of such a room and its appearance can be very diverse, which entails certain subtleties of the construction process.

Room features

The planned construction of a residential building usually does not include a veranda, so this object often has to be added as needed. If the house has small dimensions, then often it lacks an area for additional storage of things or exclusively for relaxation. As soon as the need arises to organize such a space, you need to think about how to attach it to a residential building.

Type of veranda can be different, first of all, it depends on the material from which it is made, which, in turn, depends on the construction of the house itself. For a brick building, it is better to make the same veranda, since an attached structure made of a different material will be less reliable. The design of the extension must be either completely or partially closed, because the purpose of this new space must have some kind of function, and the more of them, the better.

When planning the location of the veranda, it is important to take into account the part of the house on which it would be best to complete the building. Usually this is the north side, where a real room is added to the house, where you can comfortably spend time at any time of the year. The veranda can replace a summer kitchen, where you can cook and eat in warm weather, can serve as a place for the whole family to relax, because in summer you can hide from the sun and be in nature, opening all windows as much as possible, and in spring and autumn it will be possible contemplation of the surrounding landscape without leaving home.

When the veranda is assigned the role of a gym or a hobby room, it is best to place it in the direction of the windows to the garden so that the view of trees, flowers and bright greenery inspires accomplishments. When the extension serves as the entrance to the house, it is organized opposite the gate in order to maximize the convenience of getting into the living space.

As soon as the idea of ​​\u200b\u200bbuilding finally matured in my head, you need to build it on paper and get down to business. The process is not the most difficult, but with improper planning and execution, the result can be very upsetting. For a capital-type veranda, a mandatory element will be the foundation on which an additional structure is attached to the house. Dimensions can be different, it all depends on the size of the house and the purpose of the new room. If the house is large, then you can add a gazebo to any length of the finished wall, as for the width, it is almost always two meters.

The dimensions of the veranda should not be made very large, because this is an unheated room, and it will be cool from a large cold room and in the house itself. It is optimal to make it half as small as the existing wall, provided a large house. If it is small, then it is quite appropriate to add a full-fledged room to the width of the house and to the required length, which the land plot of the yard allows.

Material selection

To build a good veranda, you first need to decide on the materials from which it will be built. You need to pay attention to each stage of work in order to achieve a good result. It is best for a brick house to complete the veranda from brick, because it is easier to connect the same materials together and create a solid and reliable structure. For this type of work, it is important to make a foundation, because the building will have considerable weight and over time the soil will begin to sag and cracks will appear on the walls. It is important to make a sufficiently strong foundation, filling the trench with cement or making supports, placing the finished structure on them.

It is important to make the floor from a bar so that it is strong and powerful, then the coating will last a long time and will not cause any problems. On the beam itself, you can fill the boards and make a simple wooden floor, or use any other coating suitable for the veranda: laminate, linoleum, ceramic tiles. The walls are built of brick, and their height can be very different. The higher they are, the warmer it will be in the room, and the lower they are, the more light they can let in. You can practically do without them, using polycarbonate walls instead.

A fully glazed veranda would be appropriate if it is made of high-quality double-glazed windows, where all seams are hermetically sealed and no gusts of wind penetrate inside. In this case, it will be pleasant to be on the veranda at any time of the year, because the picture of the surrounding world will be as close as possible and any family member can please himself with it.

It is best to build the same wooden veranda to a wooden house, because as soon as an extension made of wood will look logical in the general interior of the room and it will be much easier to work with materials of the same type. The foundation is not needed in this case. A frame base of the floor and walls is created, which are then sheathed with selected materials. A veranda decorated with carved wood patterns or original laying of materials during work will look beautiful. The window frame for this type of building may be plastic, but glass will be able to convey color better, although there will be a risk of small drafts. Wooden verandas will be less capital than brick ones, but you can choose a different purpose for them and make full use of the new additional space.

In each of the options you need to make a roof. The lighter it is, the easier it is to install, and the less weight it will give to the structure itself. Having made the frame, it is necessary to sheathe it with either corrugated board or metal tiles. It is better to choose the color of the coating to match the roof of the house or as close as possible to it, so that everything together looks like one whole, and not disparate objects that are artificially connected together.

Constructions

As soon as the plan for the construction of the veranda has matured, it is necessary to take up the planning of each stage of work. The first point will be to determine the place where it is most logical to locate a new room.

Veranda can be:

• angular;
• end;
• facade.

As soon as the issue is resolved with the first task, you need to decide on the degree of closeness of the veranda.

There are only two possible options:

• closed;
• open.

If only a closed type of building is planned, it provides windows that can be opened for ventilation, and an open type of building is already a terrace. In a closed building, sliding elements can be provided that will help open the space as much as possible, which will make the room combined.

If the veranda is planned at the stage of building a house, then its design may have several options:

• built-in;
• attached type.

It is possible to build a veranda during the construction of the house itself, and attach it after the completion of the main process or even many years after that. Due to the fact that the design may differ, even greater variety can be seen in the forms of the veranda that can be built:

• rectangular structures;
• round and semicircular structures;
• polygonal extension, most often containing six corners.

When choosing one of the options, it is worth remembering that the veranda should not only serve as a kind of room, it should also beautifully complement the house, decorate it and become its highlight.

While all the documentary cases are going on, there is time to deal with the designs of the veranda and choose the most suitable one for a particular house. It is important to initially decide whether it will be a full-fledged room, a warm veranda or an ordinary light building. For private houses where they live all year round, a winter veranda is much more preferable, because it can be considered a living space. An exclusively summer building will be used only in the warm season, which reduces its versatility.

The arrangement of each of the premises will depend on many factors. If the veranda is insulated and closed, then you can place a sofa, armchairs in it and use it as a living room. In the case of an open veranda, it is better to place wicker furniture on it, which will not be affected by precipitation and which can be easily removed if not needed.

Having chosen a closed type of veranda for construction, sometimes it becomes necessary to build an additional open building. A gazebo is a good option for those who like to sit outdoors. Its dimensions can be quite small and, if desired, it can even be moved from place to place. If there is no desire to build a large number of buildings, then it is best to make a combined veranda, which will be completely covered, with windows, walls, but with sliding elements.

The design of the veranda can be angular, if it is not possible to place it along one of the walls, or L-shaped, if there is a desire to combine an open and closed structure under one roof. The roof of the main extension should be capital and fully protected from all the vagaries of nature. For a gazebo, it will be enough to make a canopy, which will partially cover from the sun and rain, but the extension will perform the main function in the warm and dry season.

We beat the area

Depending on the dimensions of the house itself, the dimensions of the veranda will also differ. The internal content of any space will be dictated not only by its size, but also by the functional purpose for which it was built. The average dimensions of a comfortable veranda are 170 by 400 cm, but there are also small options, the length of which will be about two meters.

When there are unlimited possibilities for the construction of additional buildings, then their size will depend on what is supposed to be done in the room. If the veranda is planned as a gathering place for family, friends, a room for summer holidays and cozy gatherings in the evening, then it is very important to build a room with sufficient dimensions. It should easily accommodate a table and a sofa, you can arrange a mini bar, and in some cases even provide for a barbecue. Thus, the optimal area of ​​​​such a room will be 25 m2, and the length of one wall should not be less than five meters.

When only a few people live in a country house and there is no need to make large additional rooms, the veranda can be made such that a comfortable chair and a coffee table can be easily placed there in order to be able to enjoy nature alone or in the company of one or two people. The dimensions of such a room can be two times smaller.

The area of ​​​​the veranda also depends on the type of its construction. If this is a rectangular room, then most often the length ranges from four to six meters, and the width is from three to four. In a square, all walls will have the same length. This option is rarely used for the entire width of the house, most often it is a side extension of small dimensions. For lovers of unusual shapes, you can build a veranda in the form of a semicircle or triangle.

Based on the choice of the type of building, materials for the frame, walls, glazing, floor and roof are also selected. Each construction option involves its own type of roof. For narrow verandas, a shed roof is suitable, in square and rectangular ones - a gable roof, and for original buildings, the roof can also have an unusual look that will fully correspond to the style of the building.

If the plot of land on which the house stands has extraordinary dimensions and it is very difficult to build a veranda near the house, you can make this room in the form of a separate building that has a common passage with the house. Usually it is made in the form of a glass corridor, but combined compositions can also be used. In this case, it is possible to create an overall veranda of the original form. It can be a circle or a polyhedron, and the distinguishing feature will be an almost complete overview of the area around it. The dimensions of such a structure can be any, the main thing is to harmoniously fit it into the existing territory so as not to spoil it and make it possible to enjoy it every day.

Interior design

The appearance of the veranda is important, because it must fit into the overall concept of the exterior and be in harmony with it, but the interior arrangement of this room is much more important. The use of various materials will depend primarily on two factors - the size of the room and its location relative to the cardinal points. If the building is small, it needs to be filled with light as much as possible, the same applies to their location in those parts of the house where there is little sunlight.

If the veranda is large, spacious and bright, this makes it possible to experiment with materials, shapes and even textures, especially in the case of a closed type of building. It is important to decorate not only the walls, floor and ceiling, but also to use specially selected furniture.

Another important factor that significantly influences the choice of building materials and furniture to be used is the heating system. It is important to design an unheated area so that the material lasts as long and firmly as possible and does not have to be repaired annually. Finishing of all walls must be of high quality. In the work on the veranda, you cannot save money, otherwise all the work done inside the room will soon come to naught.

Each element of the veranda must be functional, beautiful and resistant to various external influences. The floor is an important element in the arrangement of the extension, it can be sheathed with ordinary boards, but such a coating will be cold in the winter. It is best to use heaters on which to put an additional layer of chipboard or fiberboard on top. You can finish the floors with laminate or tiles.

If we talk about the walls, then for wooden buildings it is best to upholster them from the inside with clapboard, which has a pleasant color and texture and creates an imitation of a real wooden house. Working with this material is quite simple, it is reliable and durable, which means that the interior decoration will last for many years. If desired, it can be painted in any color, this will give freshness to the interior and additionally protect the wood from damage.

You can also hem the ceiling in the veranda using various materials. The cheapest will be a fiberboard sheet, multifunctional - drywall, the most beautiful - a suspended ceiling. Sheathing with fiberboard sheets looks the simplest, but it can be stylishly decorated with foam tiles that are glued directly to the existing surface. It is important that the roof itself, its external coating and interior decoration are made of high-quality and lightweight materials so that there is no strong pressure on the foundation.

For the same reasons, the walls of the veranda itself can be laid out not from bricks, but from foam blocks. They have less weight and the construction is built in a shorter time due to the significant dimensions. This material can be faced if the blocks do not have a completely presentable appearance, or left untouched if even and beautiful seams were achieved during construction, and the foam blocks themselves were not previously used and have an ideal appearance.

As for the interior itself, it is not difficult to equip it.

The most common styles for this are:

• oriental theme;
• ecostyle;
• Scandinavian motifs;
• provence;
• country and similar directions.

The arrangement of the veranda in any of these options has one thing in common - these are natural materials that should be used in the decoration and furnishing of the room.

To give warmth, coziness and comfort, there are a number of items that will be appropriate in any style:

• decorative pillows for sofas and armchairs;
• beautiful tablecloths on the table, the use of embroidery, ornament, interesting pattern;
• for certain styles, it will be appropriate to use chair covers;
• to give a romantic effect to the interior, you can add candles on decorative candlesticks;
• the use of paintings, photographs will create a complete look.

By erecting a veranda in a private house, you can make a functional full-fledged room out of it, where it will be dry, warm, light and comfortable. In addition to the recreation area, you can use such a room as an office, living room, kitchen with dining room, greenhouse and even a children's room. Having all the necessary tools and materials, without violating the construction technology, you can make a full-fledged room that will become for someone a real personal space or a public domain and a place of rest.

landscape design

When equipping the territory of a country house, it is necessary to think over both the construction of housing, verandas, and other outbuildings, if necessary, but also pay attention to green spaces, which play a very important role. If the territory is being settled in the country house, then in addition to the garden itself, the garden and the vineyard, it is important to make an area with flower beds, ornamental trees, and alpine slides. These elements are traditionally placed in a place where it is most convenient to contemplate the man-made beauty.

If the house has a veranda, then it is necessary to put the earth outside not just in order, but to make a miniature garden, which will look interesting and please the eye. Exotic lovers can place a rock garden on the site, and those who prefer to relax with the sounds of water should organize a fountain or similar structure where it will constantly circulate.

Trees along the edges of the decorated area can be large enough to delimit the recreation area from the garden or yard. It is important to use a variety of plants that will create a symbiosis of shapes, colors and sizes, but they must be correctly and beautifully arranged.

If the site outside the veranda has a slope, then this disadvantage can be interestingly beaten. One option would be a ladder of different types of plants that are planted on the same level, each of which is clearly divided by height. It will be very beautiful if a small pond or fountain is organized at the bottom of such steps. For a territory that is very small, it is possible to artificially create uneven soil. Ravines and hillocks will visually make the space larger and make it possible to use more green spaces of various types.

If the landscape is being developed for a long time, then it is important to do it right by providing a drainage system with wastewater discharged into a special sewer. This stage is the very first, before new land is brought in and plants are planted. When laying all the pipes is ready, you need to take care of a layer of drainage material. Once all the preparations are made, you can begin to introduce the soil on which all the plants will be planted.

Usually, behind beautiful landscapes, there should be a fence separating the territory of the house from neighbors or the street. This design often spoils the appearance and overall impression of nature, therefore it is recommended to hide it behind a hedge, which is most often made from coniferous trees that grow quickly and have a beautiful appearance. Another important element is the lawn, which can have a different look depending on its purpose. If children or pets will play on it, then you need to buy tougher grass, but in the case of an exclusively decorative effect, you can plant elite varieties that are distinguished by their sophisticated structure, pleasant color, but requiring more attention and care.

With regards to trees, they are planted a little, because they grow quickly and attract all the attention. If you plant only a few plantings, then you need to choose those species that will have a beautiful and interesting appearance all year round. These are arborvitae, maples, nuts, chestnuts, oaks, spruces and other options. If the area near the veranda has a large area, then the composition will have the main focus in the middle in the form of high group plantings and smaller ones near it. Very popular and hedges.

If it is possible to form paths in the area to be decorated, then they can also be planted with shrubs on both sides. It will be beautiful if these plants are cut regularly, which will give an even greater decorative effect to the landscape. If we talk about a flower garden, it is important to plant flowers in it so that some blooming ones replace others, and this process begins in early spring and lasts until late autumn. In addition, it is advisable to seat them according to the colors, so that there are no options of the same tone next to each other and each new species pleases with an interesting and unusual shade.

The final touch in the design of the landscape design of the territory of a country house with a veranda will be the arrangement of lighting. In the evening, being on the veranda, it is very pleasant to look at nature in the rays of the setting sun or under artificial lighting. If this is not the case, then all the beauty outside the window will disappear with the last rays and nothing will be visible until morning. With the help of small lamps, flashlights and light bulbs, you can slightly illuminate the area, positioning them so as to focus on the most beautiful specimens. You can also install lighting near the water, making the site even more beautiful and mysterious and be able to admire it at any time of the day or night.

Beautiful examples for inspiration

Having a country house, it is important to make sure that everything in it is beautiful and functional. This also applies to the veranda. In this space, you can organize any room, while using additional elements. A veranda with a fireplace or a stove will have a cozy and warm look. In the cold season, these devices will help warm the air in the room. If the veranda is not used during the cold season, then you can not heat it. In a private house, it would be appropriate to organize a veranda with a barbecue in order to make delicious barbecue or other dishes on fire as soon as possible.

The suburban area is characterized by the construction of a low house, although there are also two-story houses. As for the veranda itself, it belongs to a one-story room, which can be fully or partially residential, depending on the type of building.

The veranda in a country house can be made of double-glazed windows and look like a completely transparent structure, which adds lightness to it and does not clutter up the space.

If a private house lacks a zone in which you can gather with the whole family or arrange a meeting with guests, then the veranda will be an excellent solution to this problem. To do this, you need to equip it with a living room with kitchen elements. It is important that the interior is warm, but has country motifs in the form of wicker furniture and a wooden table with a bench.

If the veranda is being built in order to create personal space and the opportunity to be alone with yourself, then for such a room it is important to use comfortable upholstered furniture, place a coffee table next to it, placing it all in front of large glass windows that open a full panorama of the entire area, which was carefully prepared specifically for these goals. This is a budget option, but it is he who is best suited for a good rest.

It will be more difficult to attach a warm veranda to the house, unlike the summer version. But a warm veranda can also be used as a living space, and in this version it is more practical.

Today we will look at how to attach a warm veranda to the house, what materials can be used and you can make the right choice. Also, the video in this article will allow you to make a smart choice.

The veranda, in fact, is an integral part of a residential building, and therefore its style must match the main style. But this does not mean at all that a brick veranda cannot be attached to a wooden house and vice versa (see). The main thing is that the end result is correct.

If the veranda is covered with the same roofing material as the main housing is covered, then we can safely say that the building style has been preserved. Similarly, building with your own hands will make the structure cheaper, and the price here is also important and can be quite large.

Planning and legalization of the project

It is so conceived that the veranda is always built in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe main entrance to the house, and this is absolutely logical: what is the point, and why should it be built elsewhere. The purpose of the veranda is to protect the main entrance from precipitation and wind. Campaign, you can relax in it, especially in the summer, when the heat on the street subsides and all nature begins to revive.

So:

• What size the future veranda will have depends on the wishes of the owners. As a rule, the family is limited to building no more than the main wall of the house, and this is quite enough for the average family. In any case, the dimensions of the veranda should be proportional to the size of the main housing: if the house is small, then why do you need a large veranda, and if the house has two floors, then what's the point of building a one-story veranda.
• Whatever area the future veranda has, construction should be legalized. To do this, you will have to visit a special department that develops relevant projects. After drawing up the project, you will have to visit the architectural department, where they will make changes to the project of the house and issue the appropriate building permit.

Attention: To avoid such red tape, it is better to plan the construction of a veranda at the planning stage of building a house. Even if there are not enough funds for its construction this year, it will be possible to safely build it next year. But it will take much less time to get permission and to draw the design of the veranda itself.

Marking and pouring the foundation

After the documents appeared on hand, indicating that the construction was allowed, you can begin to prepare the site. To do this, they enclose the place, according to the dimensions specified in the project, after which they remove the entire fertile layer of the earth, to a depth of 15 cm, and take it to the garden.

So:

• As a rule, either a tape or a columnar type of foundation is chosen for. If the construction of the veranda is carried out after the construction of the house, then you will have to prepare a separate foundation for the veranda.
• If at the stage of building a house, the project provides for the construction of verandas, then you can make one common foundation for the house and for the veranda, then there will be no unnecessary problems.

Attention: A separate foundation is being built with a gap to the main one, equal to about 4 cm. When building a foundation for a veranda, you can use the old experience in building a foundation for a house. If there is no such experience, then builders can be hired.

Strip foundation

The tape type of foundation is ideal for a veranda made of brick or foam blocks.

To obtain such a foundation, it is necessary to perform the following technological operations:

• Dig a trench around the entire perimeter of the future building, according to the indicated dimensions.
• Formwork is mounted from load-bearing wooden boards.
• Prepare a concrete solution by combining components such as 1 part cement, 3 parts sand and 6 parts gravel.
• The first layer of concrete is poured along the entire perimeter of the trench, after which it is reinforced with stones or brick battle. You should get a layer of concrete, about 10 cm thick.
• Such operations will be repeated until the concrete layer is level with the ground.
• It is desirable to level the last layer with a trowel, after which the foundation is given time to grab. This may take 3 to 4 days.
• In hot weather, it is advisable to moisten the surface of the foundation with water so that it does not crack.

Column Foundation

The columnar type of foundation can be used if the building is light in weight. Basically, these are wooden frame structures with light roofs.

To have such a foundation, you need to carry out the following work:

1. Dig the required number of holes. There may be 4 or more, depending on the quadrature of the building.
2. A layer of sand is poured at the bottom of each pit, up to 50 mm thick.
3. All pits are filled with concrete mortar at ground level.
4. The ground part can be laid out with bricks, but before that, waterproofing is laid on the posts. The plinth of the veranda is aligned with the plinth of the main building.

Subfloor installation

A warm veranda should prevent dampness and cold from the ground. Therefore, the draft floor must be done.

Technological stages:

• The formed underground space is covered with expanded clay or other material.
• Two layers of roofing material for waterproofing are laid on the foundation.
• Wooden logs treated with an antiseptic are laid on the foundation.
• A draft floor is laid from a cut board, 50 mm thick.

Attention: If the veranda is built of brick, then concrete floors can be made. They are more durable than wooden ones, especially if thermal insulation is provided.

Construction of the frame of a wooden veranda

Building a wooden veranda is not so difficult if you follow some recommendations:

• The lower harness, consisting of bars 100x100 mm, lies on the subfloor and is nailed. The bars are also fastened at the joints, performed in half a tree.
• In the bars of the lower trim, grooves are cut out for the installation of vertical racks. The distance between the grooves can be different, but not less than 50 cm.
• Vertical racks are installed in the grooves and securely fixed with nails. Each rack must be level using a building level or plumb bob.
• From above, the bars of the upper trim are mounted to the racks. They are attached in the same way as the bars of the lower harness.
• A beam-girder is nailed to the wall of the house, designed to fasten the rafters. The beam-run is attached to the wall of the house with anchor bolts, like all wooden elements adjacent to the house.
• The truss system is installed and fixed.
• All wooden products should be coated with an antiseptic.

Roof device

Since, in fact, this is an extension to the main building, the roof will be shed:

• The design of the truss system resembles a half of a gable roof, while the slope of such a roof will be somewhat less. Since the veranda is not a living space, it makes no sense to insulate the ceiling and walls.
• If it is planned to equip the veranda as part of the living space, then you will have to perform all thermal insulation measures, from floor insulation to roof insulation.

Wall cladding and installation of windows and doors

After the frame is mounted, you can proceed to the next step, which consists in sewing the frame structure.

1. Considering the fact that the veranda can be glazed around the entire perimeter, a window sill is installed wherever windows are installed. In the veranda, it is simply necessary, for example, to install trays with flowers or seedlings.
2. After that, you can sew up the openings between the vertical posts with plywood, OSB sheets or planed board, no more than 20 mm thick. Such an operation is carried out both outside and inside the building.
3. After all, you get a room in which only window and door openings remain. Subsequently, they need to install window frames and a door leaf with a box.
4. According to modern technology for installing windows and doors, they are installed, exposed as expected, fixed, and the gaps between the box are foamed with mounting foam. It gives a reliable and tight, and not rigid connection.

Features of the construction of a veranda made of bricks or blocks

A brick veranda can go with any house, wooden or brick. The whole question is what and how such a veranda will get off. In this case, it will be better if the same technologies are used.

When building this type of veranda, you should use the following tips:

1. For such a building, it is better to fill in a strip foundation.
2. Laying can be done by hand, so the construction is not very responsible. In extreme cases, you can hire a master or a team.
3. For such a building, half-brick laying will be enough.
4. Subsequently, the veranda can be insulated, both outside and inside, as well as lined with appropriate materials.

As a rule, the question is raised as to whether it is worth insulating the veranda? It is worth it if there is a desire to make the veranda warm, and if there is no such desire, and funds do not allow, then it is not necessary. A warm veranda will cost much more than a cold one, especially since it is unlikely that anyone will live in it, although this option should not be discarded either.

Floor insulation

The thermal insulation of the veranda from the floor is extremely important. After all, this is a rather large plane. As mentioned above, before proceeding with the insulation of the floor in the veranda, you need to think carefully: is it worth spending additional money. The fact is that a warm or cold veranda is unlikely to affect the microclimate in a residential building as a whole.

• But if it is planned to give the veranda to the children so that they organize a playroom there or if there is a lack of living space, then it makes sense to conduct heating in such a veranda, which means that serious warming measures will have to be taken in the veranda and should start from the floor.
• In this case, the floor may contain at least three layers: a subfloor, a layer of insulation and a finished floor, well, and a facing layer consisting of laminate, linoleum, carpet, etc. is mounted on top of the finished floor.

How to insulate walls

The question of how and with what the veranda will be insulated from the inside should be resolved at the design stage, so as not to break what has already been built. In this case, it all depends on what the veranda is built from: if the veranda is wooden, then one approach, and if it is brick or block, then it is completely different.

• If , then before sewing up the gaps between the vertical bars, a layer of insulation is laid between the same bars, with a thickness equal to the thickness of the bars. In this case, bars with a section of 100x100 mm were used. After sewing up the walls of the veranda, it turns out like a sandwich: a wooden board or plywood, a layer of insulation and again a wooden board and plywood.
• If the veranda is brick or block, then the insulation layer should be laid between the brick wall and the cladding layer, both from the inside of the veranda and from the outside.
• From the inside, such a veranda can be finished in several ways by using frame structures, such as drywall, plastic lining or MDF lining.
• Frame structures make it possible to place the necessary layer of insulation between the brick wall and the facing material.
• As a material for insulation, you can use mineral wool or polystyrene foam boards, cut to the appropriate dimensions of the cells of the crate.

Ceiling insulation on the veranda

If the veranda is warm, then special measures should be taken to insulate the ceiling:

• The hydrobarrier is mounted first, then the surface is sewn up with bars, with a section of 27x27 mm. The bars are nailed at intervals of 0.8 meters. The seams obtained when laying the hydrobarrier are glued with metal tape.
• The gaps between the bars are filled with foam sheets. They are fixed in relation to the surface with the help of self-tapping screws with a wide cap. Ecofol is laid on top of the foam sheets and fixed with a stapler. Subsequently, this "pie" is pressed down with a blockhouse, plywood or OSB sheets.

How to insulate a summer veranda

If the veranda is an extension to the house and it is decided to insulate it, then there is a high probability that it will have to be disassembled and then reassembled, but after comprehensive insulation measures have been taken. In any case, work should begin from the floor, namely from its disassembly.

• After that, the underground space will need to be filled with expanded clay, and then closed with a subfloor. The insulation layer in the veranda can reach 100 mm, after which a finishing floor is laid. When laying the insulation, it is desirable to control that the insulation is laid as tightly as possible.
• The ceiling is insulated with the same “pie”: a waterproofing barrier is laid on the rafters, a layer of insulation is attached, a vapor barrier is mounted, and decorative material is sewn on.
• Using the same technology, the walls of the veranda are also insulated. If the veranda was cold, then it is likely that the walls were sheathed with wooden sheathing on only one side. The challenge is to add an insulating layer between the wooden beams and sew it up on one more side.
• If necessary, you will have to change all wooden frames with glass to plastic windows with single-glazed windows, otherwise the warming effect will not work. This can be said about the entrance doors, which should have insulation.

Attention: If the problem of insulation is approached comprehensively, then the maximum effect can be achieved.

Features of insulation outside

To get a truly energy-efficient housing, it is necessary to insulate the veranda and the outside:

• As mentioned above, the veranda can be brick, block and wooden. Each of these designs requires its own approach to the installation of insulation.
• A veranda made of bricks or blocks can be insulated in two widely used ways: mount a ventilated facade or clad with foam or polystyrene foam boards, followed by decorative plaster cladding. Both methods are simple and therefore very popular.
• The ventilated facade is mounted as follows: a crate is stuffed onto the walls of the veranda, in increments of about 40 cm. The crate can be either horizontal or vertical. It all depends on the facing material used.
• If it is supposed to mount the siding, then the crate will be vertical, if the plastic lining is either vertical or horizontal. The fact is that the plastic lining can be mounted both vertically and horizontally.
• In the intervals between the crate, any of the suitable heaters is installed. It can be mineral wool or polystyrene foam boards. They should be well fixed to the base.
• There must be a ventilated space between the insulation layer and the cladding. It will allow excess moisture to escape, which means that it will always be dry at this border.
• In conclusion, it should be recalled that work must be done only with a serviceable tool and with protective equipment, such as glasses, gloves, special shoes and a hat, not counting work clothes. Particular attention should be paid to working with power tools, without which no construction site can do. It is especially necessary to monitor the serviceability of plugs, sockets, as well as the connecting cable.

How to build a warm veranda to the house you now imagine. First of all, you need to choose the right material. The interior of a warm veranda can also be selected after construction from the photo. The main thing is to correctly determine the dimensions and components and the instructions will help you in this matter.