Watermelon - agricultural technology, interesting facts about the plant and the best varieties. Soil types and their characteristics Examples of different soil types

Soil types

soil formation conditions

soil properties

natural area

1. Arctic

Little heat and vegetation

not fertile

arctic desert

2. Tundra-gley

Permafrost, little heat, waterlogging

Low power, have a gley layer

3. Podzolic

To uvl. > 1

Chilly. Plant residues - needles, pepper wash

Flushing, sour, infertile.

4. Sod-podzolic

More plant residues by flushing the soil in spring

More fertile, acidic

mixed forests

5. Gray forest, brown forest

Moderate continental climate, remnants of forest and herbaceous vegetation

fertile

Broad-leaved forests

6. Chernozems

Lots of heat and plant residues

The most fertile, granular

7. Chestnut

To uvl. = 0.8, 0.7

Lots of heat

fertile

Dry steppes

8. Brown and gray-brown

To uvl.< 0,5

Dry climate, little vegetation

Soil salinization

Clay soils are not accidentally called heavy. Their main distinctive features are increased density and viscosity. When moistened, they stick together excessively and become almost unsuitable for processing and growing plants.

This type of soil is easy to recognize. In the process of digging, lumps of considerable size with a dense structure are formed. If you leave the dug-up area with clay soil for a while, then the clods will quickly stick together, and then the digging will need to be repeated. Features of clay soils (high density, sticking together and swimming) are due to the structure and small size of its constituent particles, as well as a small amount of space - pores - between them.

In addition, their low air permeability is associated with the increased density of clay soils, which makes successful cultivation of plants on them almost impossible. The fact is that in this case, the roots do not receive enough oxygen. This, in turn, leads to inhibition of growth and development. plant species. The lack of oxygen also has a detrimental effect on microorganisms that live in the soil and are an important component of the soil formation process.

The lack of air leads to the fact that the decay of the organic components of the soil slows down. As a result, the soil becomes poor, and the plants do not receive the nutrients they need for normal development. It is known that in some areas with clay soils it is impossible to detect microorganisms. These are the so-called dead zones that need artificial cultivation.

Clay soils are characterized not only by air impermeability, but also by structural compaction (high degree of density). She also provides Negative influence on soil formation and soil characteristics. Such soils are usually practically impervious to moisture, which makes it impossible to develop an internal capillary system, which is an important condition for creating an optimal environment for plant growth.

When moistened, water lingers in the surface layers of clay soils, accumulating in large quantities in the root zone of planted plants, which rot and die due to excess moisture.

Among the disadvantages of clay soils should be called their ability to swim with excessive moisture (natural or artificial). The fact is that drops of water affecting such soils destroy large clods. As a result, the smallest fractions are formed, a certain amount of which dissolves in water. The remaining part is connected, forming a slurry, which, after some drying, is transformed into a soil characterized by a high density.

Further drying leads to the formation of a hard crust on the surface of such soil, which prevents the penetration of heat and moisture into deeper horizons. This soil is called concrete. This is due to the fact that after drying, it becomes especially dense.

It should be noted that most clay soils are characterized by a sufficient content minerals. However root system plants due to the compaction of this type of soil is not able to use them to the fullest extent. The roots absorb nutrients only in dissolved form or in the form of products obtained as a result of processing by microorganisms. Clay soils, which have low biological properties and water permeability, do not have the opportunity to create such conditions for plants.

Clay soils are unsuitable for crops, not only because of air tightness, high density and a tendency to swim. Another significant drawback is their insufficient warming by the sun's rays. Such soil is considered cold.

cultural activities. In order to make clay soils suitable for growing plants, it is recommended to enrich and lighten them by periodically introducing substances such as coarse sand, ash, peat and lime. And you can improve the biological quality with the help of manure and compost.

The introduction of sand into clay soil (no more than 40 kg per 1 m2) makes it possible to reduce the moisture capacity and thus increase its thermal conductivity. After sanding, it becomes suitable for processing. In addition, its ability to warm up and water permeability increases.

loamy soils

Loamy soils are considered the most suitable for the cultivation of various horticultural and horticultural crops. Such soils are intermediate between sandy and clay, and therefore have the advantages of both, and also have almost no disadvantages. Their basic properties are recognized as optimal for the successful cultivation of plants.

Loamy soils are characterized by a granular-cloddy structure. They consist of dust-like particles and solid fractions of a relatively large size. Due to this, such soil is quite easy to process. Heavy and dense clods do not form in its thickness.

The advantages of loamy soils include a high content of components of mineral origin and nutrients, the number of which is constantly increasing due to the vital activity of microorganisms inhabiting such soil and its rather high biological qualities.

The advantage of loamy soils is high level water permeability and breathability. They have the ability to retain moisture, evenly distributing it over the entire thickness of the horizon, and retain heat. This, in turn, determines the balanced water and thermal regimes of the soil of this type.

cultural activities. To maintain the normal state of loamy soils, it is necessary to regularly apply organic fertilizers (compost, manure). It is best to do this with autumn digging site.

sandy soils

Most of the composition sandy soil occupies, as the name implies, sand. Their other components are fractions of mineral origin and a small amount of humus. These are the so-called light soils, which are characterized by a loose, loose and granular structure.

Sandy soil is easy to work. It is unable to resist erosion. Among its main qualities should be called increased water conductivity and breathability. However, sandy soils do not retain moisture. In addition, they quickly and strongly overheat during the day, and at night they cool down just as rapidly, losing the received energy. thermal energy.

One of the main disadvantages of such soil is considered to be low biological qualities and a poor population of microorganisms that lack nutrients and moisture. As a result, uncultivated sandy soils are unsuitable for cultivating horticultural and horticultural crops on them. Even regular application of organic fertilizers often does not lead to a significant increase in fertility, since such substances quickly decompose and then are washed away, passing into the underlying layers. As a result, the root system of plants does not receive enough nutrients.

Before processing a site with sandy soil, the balance between its constituent clay inclusions and the sand itself should be taken into account. There are varieties of sandy soils on which plants can be successfully grown, subject to regular enrichment with fertilizers.

cultural activities. In order to improve the physical and chemical characteristics of sandy soils, it is necessary to regularly apply substances with binding and compacting properties. These include peat, drilling and clay flour, silt masses, compost and humus. As a result, it will be possible to normalize the microflora of soil horizons and create the most favorable conditions for soil formation and normal plant growth.

As mentioned above, one of the features of sandy soils is the rapid leaching of nutrients. To prevent this process, it is recommended to apply fertilizers that have a rapid effect. At the same time, they should be used in a small dosage and regularly - with short breaks.

sandy soils

Most of the qualities of sandy soils are characteristic of such soils. However, they are more suitable for processing and growing cultivated plant species. The main advantages of sandstones are breathability, water conductivity and the ability to absorb and retain moisture. They retain well the nutrients that are so necessary for the life support of plants and microorganisms.

Sandy loamy soils can rightfully be called a favorable environment for the growth and development of the root system of garden and vegetable crops. They conduct oxygen well and have a powerful capillary system through which moisture, air and minerals are transported to the underground parts of plants.

When moistened, water is quickly absorbed by the soil. After drying, no crust is formed on its surface, which prevents the penetration necessary components supply to the underlying horizons. Sandy loamy soils are distinguished by their ability to retain thermal energy and store it for a sufficiently long time.

cultural activities. To increase the fertility of sandy loamy soils, peat should be regularly applied, which helps to bind the solid particles that make up the soil of this quality. The addition of manure, minerals and compost during spring or autumn digging of the site will allow normalizing the microflora. To achieve the expected effect, mineral fertilizers must be used in small quantities and often enough.

rocky soils

Areas with rocky ground can usually be found on the slopes of mountains and high hills. Their mechanical composition contains a significant amount of stones and stony rocks, characterized by high density. The level of fertility of soils of this type is extremely low.

Among the advantages of rocky soils can be called good warming up by the sun's rays and the ability to store thermal energy for quite a long time. However, they are poor in microorganisms and nutrients, which are easily weathered and washed out. Among other things, rocky soil, like sandstone, is characterized by high water permeability.

cultural activities. Before processing a site with stony soil, it is recommended to remove large stones, and then cover it with a layer fertile soil. Such soils are suitable for the construction of decorative terraces and rock gardens, on which heat-loving horticultural crops can be successfully cultivated.

Peaty-marshy soils

The composition of peat-marshy soils includes mainly components of organic origin. In addition, they contain a significant amount of nitrogen, presented in a form unsuitable for plant uptake.

Peaty-marshy soils are poor in potassium and phosphorus. However, the latter is the main element of the so-called peat-vivianite soils. The phosphorus compounds present in them are not available for the root system of horticultural and horticultural crops.

The soil of this type is characterized by a high level of water permeability and air permeability. However, it is characterized by excessive humidity and does not warm up well. In structure, such soils are similar to foam rubber, which quickly absorbs moisture, but also easily gives it away.

cultural activities. Actions aimed at improving the physical and chemical qualities of peat-marshy soils should be carried out as follows. First of all, it is necessary to normalize the process of decomposition of organic elements, which results in the release of nitrogen and its transformation into a form available for assimilation by plants. At the same time, it is required to create favorable conditions for the development of soil microflora. To achieve this goal, it is recommended to regularly feed the soil with microbiological substances, compost, sawdust, slurry and manure. In addition, when carrying out measures for the cultivation of peat-marshy soils, it is necessary to improve them by introducing potash and phosphorus fertilizers. When processing peat-vivianite soils, the amount of phosphate fertilizers must be reduced by 2 times.

It is possible to increase the level of porosity of peat-marshy soils by adding clay flour, compost or coarse sand.

Despite the fact that the melon is a "purebred southerner", summer residents grow it not only in the south. And all because this culture is exceptionally tasty and very healthy. And varieties “for the market” do not always have high taste qualities, not like fruits from their own garden or greenhouse. True, the melon has its own "secrets", but they are not particularly difficult. Therefore, if you have not yet grown a melon on your hundred square meters, you must definitely try it, at least once!

Salad "Red Sea" with squid, crab sticks and red caviar - a light and healthy snack that is suitable for a pescatarian menu, it can also be prepared on fasting days when fish and seafood are allowed on the menu. The salad is simply extremely tasty and it is prepared easily. Buy frozen squids. I do not advise you to cook a dish with giant squid fillet, although it looks appetizing and tempting, it has a sharp ammonia flavor that is difficult to get rid of.

From ordinary fruit trees columnar are distinguished by a compact crown, low height, and the absence of lateral branching. With a slight habitus, these miracle trees are distinguished by their ability to form large crops of large, tasty and beautiful fruits. On 1-2 acres, you can place up to 20-25 columnar trees - varieties of apple trees, pears, plums, peaches, cherries, apricots and other crops of different maturity. Our article will tell about the features of creating a columnar garden.

August can be a little sad - autumn, followed by a long winter, is already on the threshold. But the flower beds are still full of multicolor, and their colors create an atmosphere of warmth and joy. The rich palette of August flower beds mainly consists of yellows, oranges, and crimson tones. And it seems as if the garden has become warmer and the color of the sun has increased. What flowers should definitely be planted in flower beds so that they brighten up the inevitable departure of summer with flowering?

Peach jam with bananas is fragrant, thick, healthy and, most importantly, it has half as much sugar as ordinary jam. This is a quick jam with pectin, and pectin powder is known to reduce the sugar content in jam, or even make it without sugar. Sugar-free jams are fashionable sweets nowadays, they are very popular among supporters healthy lifestyle life. Peaches for harvesting can be of any degree of maturity, bananas too.

Coriander is one of the most popular spices in the world, and its greens are called cilantro or cilantro. Interestingly, cilantro leaves no one indifferent. Some people adore it and are happy to use it in any salads and sandwiches, and they love Borodino bread for the special flavor of coriander seeds. Others, referring to the smell that evokes associations with forest bugs, hate coriander and flatly refuse to approach bunches of cilantro even in the market, let alone plant it in their garden.

Saintpaulias are making a comeback and redefining the cute blooming violets that love to live on any windowsill. Trends in the "market" for uzambara violets indicate a rapid increase in interest in plants with unusual leaves. More and more admiring glances are attracted not by unusual colors of flowers, but by exotic variegated colors of leaves. Variegated saintpaulias are almost no different in cultivation from all the others.

Sweet and sour pickled cherry tomatoes with red onion and basil marinated with balsamic vinegar and mustard. Such pickled vegetables will decorate any festive table They are very tasty and fragrant. Marinade filling is a completely different story: it turns out delicious brine, the only drawback of which is a small amount. Onions choose sweet, red. Cherry - strong, slightly unripe, the smallest. Fresh basil is suitable for both green and purple.

My first acquaintance with hydrogel took place a very long time ago. Back in the nineties, my husband brought funny multi-colored balls from Japan, which greatly increased in size if they were filled with water. They were supposed to put bouquets or use them in some other decorative purposes. Of course, at first it was funny, but then I played enough and abandoned them, I don’t even remember where they went. But I recently returned to the use of hydrogel. I will share my experience in this article.

Watermelon and summer are inseparable concepts. However, not in every area you will find melons. And all because this African plant takes up a lot of space, is quite demanding on both heat and the sun, and also on competent watering. But still, watermelon is so loved that today not only southerners have learned to grow it, but much more northern summer residents. It turns out that you can find an approach to such a capricious plant, and if you want, you can get a decent harvest.

You can cook red gooseberry jam in 10 minutes. However, it should be borne in mind that this is the time required for cooking jam without preparing berries. It takes a lot of time to harvest and prepare berries for processing. Cruel thorns discourage any desire to harvest, but you still have to cut off your noses and tails. But the result is worth it, the jam turns out to be excellent, one of the most fragrant, in my opinion, and the taste is such that it is impossible to tear yourself away from the jar.

Monsters, anthuriums, caladiums, dieffenbachia ... Representatives of the Aroid family are considered one of the most popular categories of indoor plants. And not the last factor widespread- variety. Aroid presented aquatic plants, epiphytes, semi-epiphytes, tuberous and lianas. But despite such a diversity, because of which it is sometimes difficult to guess the relationship of plants, aroids are very similar to each other and require the same care.

Salad "Donskoy" for the winter - a savory snack from fresh vegetables in sweet and sour marinade olive oil and balsamic vinegar. AT original recipe regular or apple cider vinegar, but with a combination of wine vinegar and light Balsamico is much tastier. Salad can be prepared without sterilization - bring the vegetables to a boil, put them in sterile jars and wrap them warmly. You can also pasteurize blanks at a temperature of 85 degrees, then cool quickly.

The main collected mushrooms: porcini, boletus, boletus, chanterelles, boletus, mossiness mushrooms, russula, milk mushrooms, volnushki, saffron mushrooms, honey mushrooms. Other mushrooms are collected depending on the region. And their name (other mushrooms) is legion. As well as mushroom pickers, which are becoming more and more every year. Therefore, there may not be enough for all known mushrooms. And I know for sure that among the little-known come across very worthy representatives. About little-known, but tasty and useful mushrooms I will tell you in this article.

The word "ampel" comes from the German word "ampel", meaning a hanging container for flowers. Fashion for hanging flower beds came to us from Europe. And today it is very difficult to imagine a garden where at least one hanging basket was not found. In response to the growing popularity of container floriculture, a large number of ampelous plants, whose shoots easily fall outside the pots. Let's talk about those that are valued for their beautiful flowers.

The soil- the surface layer of the Earth, which has fertility.

This is a loose surface layer of land, the formation of which took place over a long time in the process of interaction between the mother, plants, animals, microorganisms, and.

For the first time, the soil layer was distinguished from other parts as a “special natural-historical body” by the Russian scientist V.V. , it was he who established that the main types of soils on the globe are located. Soil types are distinguished on the basis of their fertility, mechanical composition and structure, etc.

The main types of soils in Russia

Tundra-gley - thin, contain little humus, waterlogged, contain little oxygen. Distributed in the north.

Podzolic and sod-podzolic soils are poor in humus and mineral elements, since they endure nutrients from the top layer, and it takes on the color of ash (hence the name of the soil). They occupy more than half of the country. Podzolic are formed under coniferous, sod-podzolic under mixed.

Gray forest soils form under deciduous forests and are quite fertile. Large vegetation decline and less intense leaching in this natural area contributes to the accumulation of humus.

Chernozems are the most fertile soils. A lot of humus accumulates from the remains of vegetation, the thickness of the humus horizon reaches 60 - 100 cm. Less than 10% of the country's territory is occupied. Distributed in the zone and.

In drier climates, chestnut soils form. The content of humus in them is less, as the vegetation cover becomes sparse.

Only 13% of the country's land area is used for gardens, hayfields, pastures and arable land. Most of them are located in the south of the country. The most fertile soils are used for arable land - chernozems, gray forest and dark chestnut soils. Accordingly, the main agricultural zone of the country is located in the zone of mixed forests, forest-steppes and steppes. Podzolic and chestnut soils are used for pastures and hayfields.

As a result economic activity people - road construction, industrial enterprises, there is a constant decrease in arable land. On the present stage the main task is the rational use of arable land and increasing their productivity.

The totality of organizational, economic and technical measures, aimed at radical improvement of soils, increasing their productivity, is called. The main types of land reclamation are: control, irrigation, drainage,.

The natural enemies of the soil are wind and water erosion, which occurs under the influence of rain and melt water,. The soil also suffers most severely as a result of inept human activities. Improper plowing of the land and excessive grazing also contribute to the development of soil erosion.

To combat water erosion, plowing and sowing across the slope, deep plowing, creating forest protection belts, and strengthening slopes and beams are used. Against wind erosion - non-moldboard tillage. The drainage of wetlands and irrigation of arid lands, the fight against salinization, the application of fertilizers, scientifically based crop rotation are also used.

Land reclamation and reclamation measures constitute measures for the protection of soil resources.

Experienced gardeners are well aware that most of the planned seasonal work depends on the composition of the soil in the garden. The maintenance of the garden and vegetable garden is not complete without taking into account the soil composition and characteristics of the soil on the farm. Sowing, caring for and fertilizing the land for an excellent harvest is necessary only after a thorough analysis of the soil.

To improve its quality and characteristics in agriculture, even special methods have been developed for processing and touching green manure, various plants that fertilize and strengthen existing soils with the products of their vital activity. In order to effectively apply such agricultural technologies within your own suburban economy, it is better to use them after careful study existing varieties soils, their typical properties and characteristics.

The easiest way to get a beautiful front lawn

Of course, you have seen the perfect lawn in the movies, on the alley, and perhaps on the neighbor's lawn. Those who have ever tried to grow a green area in their area will no doubt say that this is a huge job. The lawn requires careful planting, care, fertilization, watering. However, only inexperienced gardeners think so, professionals have long known about the innovative tool - liquid turf AquaGrazz.

The territory of Russia is quite diverse and the soil composition can also vary. When the question arises of introducing green manure for processing and improving gardening, selecting horticultural crops to obtain a high-quality and rich harvest, dividing the site into planting and fertilizing zones, and other work to improve soil quality, it is necessary first of all to study the characteristics of the soil on the site. Such knowledge makes it possible not only to avoid many difficulties with growing plants, but also to qualitatively increase productivity, protect your garden from typical garden diseases and pests.

This variety is very easy to identify. So when during the spring preparatory work, the soil is dug up, the clods are large, they stick when wet, and you can easily roll a long cylinder out of the ground that does not crumble when bent. This type of soil has a very dense structure with poor air ventilation. Saturation with water and warming up of the earth is going poorly, and therefore planting and growing capricious horticultural crops on clay soils is quite problematic.
But in gardening, this type of soil can become the basis for good harvest if you resort to tillage on the site. For the cultivation of clay soils, green manures are rarely used to facilitate their dense structure, they are enriched with sandy, peat, ash and lime additives. An accurate calculation of the amount of various additives can be made only by carrying out laboratory research soil from the site. But to increase their fertility, it is better to use averaged data. So, to enrich a square meter of land, you need to add about 40 kg of sand, 300 grams of lime and a bucket of peat and ash. From organic fertilizers it is better to use horse manure. And if it is possible to use green manure, you can sow rye, mustard and some oats.

Recognizing them is very easy. The main characteristics of such soils are friability and flowability. They cannot be compressed into a lump so that it does not crumble. All the advantages of these soils are also their main disadvantages. Rapid heating, easy circulation of air, minerals and water leads to rapid cooling, drying and washing out of nutrients. The substances necessary for plants do not have time to linger in such soil and quickly go to the depth.
Therefore, growing any kind of vegetation on sandstones is very not an easy task even after processing has started. For cultivating the land in such a plot, the introduction of substances is used that makes the light structure more dense. Such additives include peat, humus, compost and clay flour. It is necessary to make sealing components for each square meter at least a bucket. It will not be superfluous to use green manure. For this work, you can sow mustard, rye and various varieties oats, after such treatment, even the use of fertilizers will become more effective.

sandy loam priming

This type of soil cover is very similar to sandstones, but due to the greater percentage of clay components, it retains minerals better.
The cultivation of such soils is easier and does not require as much effort as sandy and clay varieties. Types of sandy loamy soils may differ slightly from each other, but the characteristic always corresponds to rapid heating and heat retention for a long period, as well as optimal saturation with moisture, oxygen and useful substances. To determine the sandy loam cover, you can compress an earthen lump, which should take the form of a lump, but gradually disintegrate. These types of soil in the original version are ready for growing any horticultural and horticultural crops. But for greater efficiency and in cases of depletion of the soil cover, you can use the planting of plants of the green manure group rye or mustard. It is enough to plant rye and mustard once every 3-4 years, if the choice fell in the direction of oats, then strengthening is carried out more often.

Loamy priming

Such species are optimal for growing the most different plants. Their characteristic allows to do without additional processing. Such soil contains the optimal amount of microelements useful and necessary for full growth and development, as well as a high level of saturation of the root system of plants with water and air, which makes it possible to achieve not only a large potato yield. On such lands, you can grow all kinds of garden and garden plants. It is very easy to distinguish them from other types of soils. It is necessary to compress the earth into a lump, and then try to bend it. Loamy soil will easily take shape, but break apart when trying to deform it.

Lime priming

A very poor variety of land for garden work. Plants grown on calcareous substrates often suffer from iron and manganese deficiencies.
Lime soil can be distinguished by its light brown color and structure with many stone inclusions. Such soil requires frequent processing to obtain a crop. The lack of basic components and the alkaline environment do not give moisture and organic composition get everything you need proper growth and development. To improve the fertile properties of the land, the use of green manure is very effective. A simple solution will sow rye and mustard. If you grow rye and mustard on the site for several years, you can increase the yield of other crops by several times.

swampy or peat priming

In the original version, these soils are unsuitable for setting up a garden or vegetable garden. But after processing, growing plants is quite possible.
Such soils quickly absorb water, but do not retain it inside. Also, such land has a rather high level of acidity, which leads to a lack of minerals and useful elements for vegetation. After the beautification work, arranged in the fall, you can try to grow unpretentious garden crops in the next season.

Chernozemny priming

Chernozems are a gardener's dream. But among country soils it is rare. A stable coarse-grained structure, an abundance of humus and calcium, ideal water and air exchange make chernozems the most desirable soils.
But with active cultivation and use for the cultivation of fruit trees and vegetable crops, even such soil can be depleted, so it must be nourished in a timely manner and stimulate fertile properties. For such purposes, the cultivation of green manure is ideal. Rye and mustard are very good to plant after potatoes, which quickly deplete the earth. It is worth repeating the procedure with planting green manure once every 2-3 years. Rye, mustard and varieties of oats are often used in mass agriculture to restore soil fertility, but also in conditions personal plot excellent results can be achieved. It is easy to establish that there is really chernozem soil on the site, it is necessary to compress the earthen ball and a greasy and black spot will remain in the palm of your hand.

Plant selection by soil composition

To facilitate the work when creating a garden and vegetable garden, it is worth choosing garden crops based on the characteristic features and adherence of plants to soil varieties. So, some representatives of the flora will not grow on land that is not suitable for their cultivation, despite all the efforts made, while others, in the same conditions, will actively grow and bear fruit.

When choosing the vegetation of the garden, the characteristics of the soil of the site must be taken into account.

clayey Earth

The density of the soil does not allow the root system to be fully saturated with air, moisture and heat. Therefore, the yield of vegetable crops in such areas is very small, the only exception can be the cultivation of potatoes, beets, peas and Jerusalem artichoke. But shrubs and trees with a strong root system on a site with clay soil feel quite acceptable.

Sandstones

Even before the application of compacting components, you can increase the level of productivity of the site if you sow carrots, melons, various varieties of onions, currants and strawberries. If the soil is regularly fertilized during the season, then you can get a good harvest of potatoes, cabbage and beets. The use of fast-acting fertilizers can increase the fruiting of fruit trees.

sandy and loamy Earth

Any plant is suitable for these types of soil. The only limitation can be considered the selection of horticultural crops, taking into account the terrain, zoning and climatic conditions.

lime Earth

Growing plants on such soil is quite problematic. It is not suitable for growing potatoes, it is also worth abandoning tomatoes, sorrel, carrots, pumpkins, cucumbers and salads.

swampy or peaty Earth

Without processing on peatlands, only gooseberry and currant bushes can be grown. For other horticultural crops, cultivation work is needed. Growing fruit plants, especially potatoes, in a peat bog is impossible.

Chernozemnaya Earth

The best option for summer cottages and household plots. It is ideal for all garden crops, even the most demanding ones.

For each type of soil, professional agronomists have developed special techniques and methods that ensure the optimal survival of new plants and the full growth of existing ones.

To increase the level of productivity, you can use the following simple recommendations.

Clay

For clay soils recommended:
- high position of the beds;
- it is better to sow seeds at a shallower depth;
- seedlings are planted at an angle for optimal heating of the root system;
- after planting, it is necessary to regularly apply loosening and mulching;
- in the fall, after harvesting, it is necessary to dig up the earth.

Sand

For sandstones there is a technology when a clay base is created on sandy soil, about 5 cm thick. On this basis, a bed is created from imported fertile soil and plants are planted already on it.

Sandy soils

Such soils respond well to the introduction of a variety of organic fertilizers. It is also recommended to periodically mulch, especially in the fall after the end of the harvest.

Loam

loams do not require additional processing. It is enough to support them with the help of mineral fertilizers, and in the fall, when digging, it is very good to make a small amount of manure.

Limestone

For limestone the following should be carried out regularly:
- saturation of the earth organic fertilizers;
- mulching with the introduction of organic impurities;
- it is often necessary to sow plants of the green manure group: rye, mustard, varieties of oats;
- it is necessary to sow seeds with frequent watering and loosening;
- a good result is the use of potash fertilizers and additives with an acidic environment.

Peat

For peatlands quite a lot of garden work is required:
- you need to strengthen the soil with sand or clay flour, for this you can carry out in-depth digging of the site;
- if the soil is found to have increased acidity, then it is necessary to carry out liming;
- to increase the fertility of the land, you can use a large number organics;
- the introduction of potash and phosphorus equations well increases the yield;
- for fruit trees, planting in deep pits with the introduction of fertile soil or planting on artificially created earthen hills is necessary;
- as for sandstones, under the garden it is necessary to create beds on a clay pillow.

For chernozem no special processing required. Additional work can only be associated with the characteristics of specific groups of plants. It is also necessary to regularly carry out work to prevent soil depletion. It is enough to plant a few green manure plants: rye, mustard and oat varieties, and the soil will be strengthened and saturated with useful elements for a few more years.

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