Biological and social nature of man. Sciences of the human body

Lesson Plan 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Safety engineering.
Rules for the lesson.
Introduction to the textbook.
Human Sciences.
The history of the development of anatomy.

Man as a link in a series of living beings:

A.) commonality in the manifestation of the main
biological functions (born,
dies, eats, breathes,
multiplies);
B.) cellular structure;
C.) the similarity of the body plan
human and mammals

Specific features of a person:

bipedalism
The most perfect development of the brain
Ability to work
Creation of social and technogenic environment,
enabling the expansion of food and
energetic resources
Ability to speak and write,
allowing you to connect with members
society, transfer knowledge and experience
previous generations
Reflection and control
own behavior.

HUMAN SCIENCES
ANATO
MIA
(from lat.
anatome–
dissection)
PHYSIO
LOGIA
(from lat. fisis
- nature
PSYCHO
LOGIA
(from Greek.
"psycho" soul
HYGIE
ON THE
(from Greek.
"hygienically
c»healthy

ANATOMY

- the science of the internal structure of man.
* Latin language
METHODS
Opening
deceased
of people
rengen
Ultrasound

PHYSIOLOGY

- the science of the functions of the human
body and its organs.
Observation
behind
healthy and
sick
people
Experiments on
animals
METHODS
Laboratory methods
Functional
samples
Usage
electronics

PSYCHOLOGY

the science of the general patterns of mental
processes and individual-personal properties
person.
the science of the mental life of people.
METHODS
Observation
Introspection
Experiment
Measurement

HYGIENE

- The branch of medicine that studies the influence
natural environment, work and life on the body
person in order to develop measures for
protection of people's health.
METHODS
Study of
factors
natural environment:
-physical,
-chemical,
-biological
Observations:
- physiological;
-clinical
sanitary
survey

F. Felini

"Of all adventures,
prepared for us by life,
the most important and interesting
go inside yourself
yourself, explore the unknown
part of myself."
F. Felini

HISTORY OF SCIENCE

№
Scientist
years
life
Basic ideas.
Contribution to science

HERACLITOUS (late 6th - early 5th centuries)

organisms
develop according to
the laws of nature.
The world is continuous
is changing

ARISTOTLE (384 - 322 BC)

Comparison of organs
animals and humans.
Introduced terms
"organism", "aorta"
sincere
activity
a person exists
while the body lives.

Hippocrates (about 466 - about 377 BC)

Description of the bones of the body
Description of organs
animal analogies
essay on
traumatology (about
dressings, wound healing,
fractures)
treatises on hygiene
healthy lifestyle o
influence of water, air and
areas for health)
Rejected the divine
Human Origins

CLAUDIUS GALEN (AD 130-200)

Conducted experiments on animals
Experienced the action of lek.
substances
He proved that during his lifetime
animals flowing through the arteries
blood (before it was believed that
air)
studied the structure in detail
monkey organs and did
erroneous conclusions that a person
arranged in a similar way
For 14 centuries it
works were the basis of honey.
knowledge in Europe and Wed. East.

Abu-Ali Ibn-Sin (Avicenna) (980 - 1037)

Studied physiology and
anatomy
Diseases are caused
invisible
organisms
"The canon of medicine
Science” within 5
centuries is the most important
medical
management

Leonardo da Vinci (1452 - 1519)

In my drawings
FOR THE FIRST TIME portrayed
various bodies
Described the structure
human skeleton
classified
muscles

Raphael Santi (1483-1520)

Studied, described and
sketched
body structure
human

Paracelsus (1493-1541)

Every disease has
your exciter.
I used simple
medicines
instead of dubious
potions
Recommended
natural methods
treatment: diet,
mineral water,
peace, fresh air

Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564)

Founder of modern
anatomy
At lectures he made
dissection of corpses
Revealed Galen's errors
accurately described and
depicted domestic
human body organs
and skeleton
Describe the valves of the heart
For the first time brought all the knowledge
into the system

Ambroise Pare (1516-1590)

Founder
contemporary
surgery
proposed method
ligation of large
vessels at
operations.
Developed methods
treatment
gunshot wounds

William Harvey (1587-1657)

William Harvey
Founder of birth and
development of modern
physiology
Opening 2 circles
blood circulation
Study
physiological
functions using
experimental
methods
(1587-1657)

Luigi Galvani (1737-1798)

Revealed the presence
electrical
phenomena in the living
tissues
Founder
electrophysiology

Edward Jenner (1743-1823)

FIRST STARTED
inoculate against smallpox

William Morton (1819-1868)

FOR THE FIRST TIME
used for
pain relief and
couple anesthesia
broadcast in
dentistry

Louis Pasteur (1822-1895)

Founder
microbiology
Proved that disease
caused by microbes
Developed methods
precautionary
vaccination against
contagious diseases
(anthrax,
rabies, rubella)

Paul Ehrlich (1854-1915)

Studied immunity
Described the forms
leukocytes in
human
Founder
anti-infective
chemotherapy

Karl Landsteiner (1868-1943)

Discovered blood groups
Discovered antigens
Discovered the Rh factor

Alexander Flemming (1881-1955)

Discovered lysozyme
Discovered penicillin

Pirogov Nikolai Ivanovich (1810-1881)

Founder
experimental
anatomy and military field
surgery
Sawing
thawed corpses (for
exact definition
location of internal
organs and tissues)
First used ethereal
anesthesia, plaster casts
field conditions and
used alcohol and iodine
against suppuration of wounds

Founder
scientific system
physical
education and
medical and pedagogical
control in
physical education

Ukhtomsky Alexey Alekseevich (1875-1942)

Created a doctrine
about dominant

Burdenko Nikolai Nilovich (1876-1946)

Founder
neurosurgery
Developed
operations on
spinal cord

Homework:

Introduction,
§1, §2.
Creative task: presentation about
scientist, thinker, doctor.

1. How is the structure and functions of the human body studied? 2 Why Animal Experiments Help Understand Functions

Front poll:
1. How to study the structure and functions of the human
organism?
2. Why animal testing makes it better
understand the functions of the human body?
3. What is psychology?
4. What is health? How to save it?
5. What sciences are studied:
A) the structure of a person and his organs;
B) the functions of the human body;
C) mental activity of a person;
D) the influence of the natural environment, life and work on
human health for the purpose of protecting health
population?

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"Presentation for the lesson "Human sciences and their significance""

• Homo sapiens (Homo sapiens) modern man

Man is a being bio social

The biological essence of Homo sapiens

• cell structure and

manifestation of basic biological functions

The social essence of man

• Ability to work
• Consciousness
• thinking

• Anatomy - the science of building organism

• Study methods:

Autopsy (autopsy)

preparation

Anthropometry

Radiography

Tomography

Sciences that study the human body

• 2. Physiology - studies the functioning of the whole organism, individual organs and systems
• Methods:

Observation

Experiment

Tonometry

Spirometry

thermography

Sciences that study the human body

• 3. Hygiene – studies the impact of living and working conditions on health, develops measures to prevent diseases
• - personal
• -public

Sciences that study the human body

• 4 . The medicine - a field of science and practice aimed at maintaining and strengthening people's health, preventing and treating diseases.
• -clinical (treat)
• prophylactic (warn)

Sciences that study the human body

• Psychology - the science of the general laws of mental processes, the individual properties of each person.

• Methods:

Observation

Questionnaire

Experiment

Sciences that study the human body

• Ecology - the relationship of man with the environment

WHO constitution ( World Health Organization )

• “Health is not the absence of disease per se or physical infirmity, but a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being.”

health criteria

• Physical(state of organ systems)
• Mental(emotions, thinking, memory, attention, sleep)
• Social(food, housing, working and rest conditions)
• Spiritual(interest in science, culture, art, religion)

Homework

• Introduction, § 1

Think!!!

• Do you need to study this subject?!!!

Who is right?

• "I drink, I smoke -

my own business!"

• Everyone's health

public domain!”

Lesson topic: Sciences that study the human body. The place of man in the systematics of the living world. Lesson objectives: 1. To get acquainted with the variety of sciences that study the human body. 2. Get acquainted with the methods of studying the human body. 3. Find out the place of man in the systematics of living organisms.

Sciences that study the human body: (name - what it studies) 1. Human anatomy - external and internal structure. 2. Physiology - life processes. 3. Medicine - human diseases, their treatment. 4. Hygiene - the influence of various factors on human health and the development of measures to protect health. 5. Psychology - mental processes and features of human behavior. 6. Genetics - human heredity. 7. Human ecology - the relationship of man with the environment. 8. Anthropology - the process of human evolution

Methods for studying the human body 1. External examination 2. Listening and tapping 3. Observation 4. Biochemical analysis of cells, tissues, blood, etc. 5. Surgical operation 6. X-ray 7. Ultrasound (ultrasound examination) .

The place of man in the system of the organic world Kingdom Animals Subkingdom Multicellular animals Type Chordates Subtype Cranial, or Vertebrate Class Mammals, or Animals Order Primates Family Hominid (great apes) Genus Species Man Homo sapiens

1. WRITE THE REQUIRED NAMES OF SCIENCES: (Option 1 - odd numbers, option 2 - even) 1. human diseases, their treatment is studied by science .... 2. external and internal structure is studied by science .... 3. the influence of various factors on human health is studied by science .... 4. Features of human behavior are studied by science .... 5. The process of human evolution is studied by science…. 6. life processes are studied by science .... 7. human heredity is studied by science ... 8. the relationship of a person with the environment is studied by science .... 2.LIST METHODS OF HUMAN RESEARCH (simple and modern) 3. WHAT SYSTEMATIC GROUPS DOES HUMANS BELONG TO?