Presentation on robotics in elementary school. Presentation "history and prospects for the development of robotics"

Experience and prospects for the development of the Association "Robotic Design"

Teacher of additional education

SAOU DPO VO VIRO

« Vladimir Institute for Advanced Studies of Educational Workers named after L.I. Novikova"

Kalitina Alla Nikolaevna

Course Teaching Methodology

• The classes of the association "Robotic Design" introduce the technologies of the 21st century to the pupils, contribute to the development of their communication skills, develop the skills of interaction, independence in decision-making, and reveal their creative potential.

Features of the association "Robotic design"

• The most modern direction;
• Combining various areas of technical knowledge and sciences;
• The need to study programming and algorithmization;
• The need to study electrical engineering;
• Accompanying the study of computer skills and computer programs;
• High interest from the public.

Material and technical equipment

• Computer class (projector, internet); Robotic kits;
• Android robots;
• Radio details;
• Tools, soldering irons;
• Training rooms;
• Competition fields.

Robots Lego Mindstorms

Lego tools

Lego Digital Designer - virtual robot design environment

NXT-G - programming environment

Optional equipment

Products

TETRIX and MATRIX sets

• Pneumatics
• Renewable energy sources
• Technology and physics
• simple mechanisms

A series of microcontroller devices distributed under the openHardware scheme - the specifications and schemes of the boards are completely open for use, copying and modification.

• As close as possible to electrical engineering and electronics;
• Two programming environments: for beginners and professionals;
• The ability to combine both with robotic designers (including Lego Mindstorms), and with completely homemade projects;
• A wide range of expansion and switching boards;
• Developed audience of users, professional support and information coverage.

single board computer

Computing power corresponds to a modern phone:

• ARM9 processor
• 256 MB RAM
• memory cards
• Ethernet (LAN)
• audio jack
• OS – Linux, Android, Windows

Application:

• Embedded systems
• Control complexes
• Smart home systems
• Pattern Recognition: Video and Audio
• Mobile robots in a changing environment

Android robots

Modeling humans and other living beings

The program "Robotics: Engineering and Technical Personnel of Innovative Russia" has been implemented since 2008 at the initiative of the Oleg Deripaska Foundation "Volnoe Delo" and the Federal Agency for Youth Affairs (Rosmolodezh).

Program Objectives:

• Involvement of children and youth in scientific and technical creativity, early career guidance;
• Ensuring equal access for children and youth to the development of advanced technologies, obtaining practical skills in their application;
• Identification, training, selection, support of talented youth;
• Promoting and ensuring the realization of professional potential and leadership qualities.

Directions:

ENGINEERING PROJECT

MOBILE SYSTEMS

Computer literacy

Knowledge in the field of mechanics, programming, electronics

Ability to self-learn

The need for courses and training

Personal activity

Creativity,

out of the box thinking

Tracking current issues

[email protected] www.RostovRobor.RU

students

Requirements :

• Over 10 years old
• Interest in technology
• Interest in information technology

They know and are able :

• Fundamentals of construction and calculation of mathematical models
• Fundamentals of Mechanical Systems Design
• Drawing up algorithms and programs
• Ability to solve actual problems
• Computer knowledge

Our leisure activities

• one . Excursion to the historical places of the city of Vladimir ("Theater Square", the Golden Gate - the oldest monument of fortification architecture in Russia, the Red Trinity Old Believer Church and the building of the Drama Theater, "Cathedral Square", architectural monuments of the 12th century - Assumption. Dmitrievsky Cathedrals, St. Princess Monastery.
• 2. Excursion train to the Forestry technical school of the settlement "Muromtsevo" of the Sudogodsky district of the Vladimir region.

• Teacher: Kriventsov Leonid Alexandrovich,
• highest qualification category

• Lesson topic:

• Asino - 2014

• Municipal Autonomous General Educational Institution –
• secondary school No. 4, the city of Asino, Tomsk region

Robotics is

• (from robot and technology; English robotics) an applied science that develops automated technical systems.
• Robotics draws on disciplines such as electronics, mechanics, computer science, radio engineering, and electrical engineering.

Types of robotics

• Construction

• Industrial

• household

• Aviation

• extreme

• Military

• Space

• underwater

A bit of history

• The word "robotics" was based on the word "robot", coined in 1920 by the Czech writer Karel Capek for his science fiction play "R. W.R. (“Rossum's Universal Robots”), first staged in 1921 in Prague and enjoyed success with the audience.
• In it, the owner of the plant arranges the production of many androids, which at first work without rest, but then rebel and destroy their creators.

Premiere of the play Robot is -

• (Czech robot, from robota - forced labor or rob - slave) - an automatic device created on the principle of a living organism.
• Acting according to a predetermined program and receiving information about the outside world from sensors (analogues of the sense organs of living organisms), the robot independently performs production and other operations that are usually performed by humans (or animals).
• In this case, the robot can either have a connection with the operator (receive commands from him), or act autonomously.

android

• Android (from the Greek root ἀνδρ - the word ἀνήρ - “man, man” and the suffix -oid - from the Greek word εἶδος - “likeness”) - humanoid.
• The modern meaning usually refers to a humanoid robot.

Robot classes:

• Manipulative

• An automatic machine consisting of an actuating device in the form of a manipulator with several degrees of mobility, and a program control device, which serves to perform motor and control functions in the production process.

• Stationary

• mobile

• Such robots are produced in floor, suspended and portal versions. Received the greatest distribution in machine-building and instrument-making branches.

• A manipulator is a mechanism for controlling the spatial position of tools and objects of labor.

• Manipulation robots

• forward movement
• angular displacement

• Types of movement

• The combination and mutual arrangement of links determines the degree of mobility, as well as the scope of the robot's manipulation system.

• To ensure movement in the links, electric, hydraulic or pneumatic drives can be used.

• Manipulation robots

• Part of the manipulators (although optional) are grippers. The most versatile gripping devices are similar to the human hand - gripping is done using mechanical "fingers".
• Pneumatic suction cup grippers are used to grip flat objects.
• To capture many parts of the same type (which usually happens when robots are used in industry), specialized designs are used.
• Instead of grippers, the manipulator can be equipped with a working tool. It can be a spray gun, a welding head, a screwdriver, etc.

Robot classes:

• Mobile

• An automatic machine that has a moving chassis with automatically controlled drives.

• wheeled

• Walkers

• Tracked

Robot classes:

• Mobile

• crawling

• floating

• flying

floating robot

• Insert video clip
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=9&v=PC2hsu0jTbo

Modern robots

• ASIMO
• Asimo

• NAO (Nao)

ASIMO (Asimo), a HONDA company

• Insert video clip
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bmglbk_Op64

• NAO (Nao)

• Insert video clip
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1W4LoQow_3o

Modern robots Robot components

• Actuators are the "muscles" of robots. Electric motors are currently the most popular motors in drives, but others using chemicals or compressed air are also in use.

Actuators Laws of Robotics

• A robot cannot harm a person or by its inaction allow a person to be harmed.
• A robot must obey all orders given by a human, unless those orders are contrary to the First Law.
• The robot must take care of its safety to the extent that this does not contradict the First and Second Laws.

• Isaac Asimov, 1965

Laws of Robotics

• In 1986, in Robots and Empire, Asimov proposed the Zeroth Law:
• 0. A robot cannot cause harm to humanity or, by its inaction, allow harm to be done to humanity.
• 0. A robot cannot harm a person unless it can prove that it will ultimately benefit all of humanity.

List of sources used:

• The material is taken from the textbook - E.I. Yurevich, Fundamentals of robotics.
• http://www.prorobot.ru/slovarik/robotics-zakon.php
• Presentation background - http://sch1498.mskobr.ru/images/Kartinki/2.jpg
• Photo by Karl Chapek - http://static.ozone.ru/multimedia/books_covers/1007573981.jpg
• Photo showing the play - http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-o_TRaM0uze8/U_xYIx3d-FI/AAAAAAAAAfA/4QxDeeX9ICc/s1600/chapek-rur-4ital.ru.jpg
• Photos of NAO, wheeled and tracked robots - copyright
• Manipulation robots - http://training-site.narod.ru/images/robot6.jpg, http://toolmonger.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/10/450_1002031%20kopia.jpg
• Floating robots - https://images.cdn.stuff.tv/sites/stuff.tv/files/news/robot-water-snake_0.jpg
• Walking robot - http://weas-robotics.ru/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/mantis.jpg
• Robot Chef - http://bigpicture.ru/wp-content/uploads/2009/08/r12_1931.jpg
• Violin Robot - https://imzunnu.files.wordpress.com/2010/04/toyotaviolinplayingrobot.jpg
• Photo by Isaac Asimov - https://ds04.infourok.ru/uploads/ex/0d01/000256f0-8256e822/3/hello_html_382bf8c1.jpg
• Robot drives - https://gizmod.ru/uploads/posts/2000/14172/image.jpg, http://www.servodroid.ru/_nw/0/62696.jpg
• Lumberjack Robot - http://www.strangedangers.com/images/content/136345.jpg
• Aibo photo - http://img0.liveinternet.ru/images/attach/c/9/105/393/105393992_large_5361707_h_sAibo_img_0807.jpg
• Asimo photo - https://everipedia-storage.s3.amazonaws.com/NewlinkFiles/1149050/4690442.jpg

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Slides captions:

Educational robotics Teacher of physics, computer science Obraztsov Evgeny Vitalievich Municipal Autonomous Educational Institution "Secondary School No. 66" of Khabarovsk

The purpose of the program: the formation and development of creative and cognitive abilities of students by means of Arduino kits and modern computer technologies. The project "Educational Robotics" is designed to promote the development of children's scientific and technical creativity, to promote the popularization of engineering education at school.

Educational robotics is a tool that lays a solid foundation for systems thinking, the integration of computer science, mathematics, physics, drawing, technology, natural sciences with the development of engineering creativity. The introduction of educational robotics technologies into the educational process contributes to the formation of personal, regulatory, communicative and, no doubt, cognitive universal educational activities, which are an important component of the Federal State Educational Standard.

Robotics classes give a good start to the future, arouse children's interest in scientific and technical creativity. Significantly contribute to the purposeful choice of an engineering profession.

Education should be consistent with the goals of advanced development, in other words, ensure the study of not only the achievements of the past, but also technologies that will be useful in the future. Educational robotics fully implements these tasks.

A distinctive feature is that it consists of 12 sections, arranged according to the complexity of the material being studied and an increase in the proportion of practical exercises. Practical training in the program is connected with the use of computer technology: computers and Arduino kits. The program is focused on the use of electrical and robotic means in human life.

Novelty The Arduino World program is an additional general educational (general developmental) program, and is compiled taking into account the trends in the development of modern information technologies, which makes it possible to maintain the relevance of the implementation of this program. The main emphasis in the development of this program is on the use of project activities and independence in the creation of projects and robots, which allows you to get full-fledged and competitive products. The project activity used in the learning process contributes to the development of the student's core competencies, and also provides a connection between the learning process and practical activities outside the educational process. Creative, independent implementation of practical tasks, tasks in the form of a description of the task or problem, enable the student to independently choose ways to solve it. The content of additional education in the field of robotics is not standardized, work with the student takes place in accordance with his interests, his choice, which allows him to limitlessly expand his educational potential.

Meta-subject communications During the classes, the guys not only and not so much engage in robotics, but use it as a kind of interactive element, with the help of which some theoretical knowledge is consolidated in practice. Theoretical knowledge can be both in the exact sciences: mathematics and physics, and in the natural sciences: chemistry, astronomy, biology, ecology. Subject "Technology" The most harmonious educational robotics is built into such sections of the subject "Technology" as "Machines and mechanisms", "Graphic representation and modeling", "Electrical works". Subject "Mathematics" One of the bright and simple examples of consolidating knowledge from a school mathematics course is the calculation of the trajectory of a robot. Depending on the level of knowledge, both the usual trial and error method and the scientific approach can be used here: here they may need both the properties of proportion (grades 6-7), and knowledge of the circle length formula (8-9th) and even trigonometry (10 -Grade 11).

Meta-subject communications Subject "Physics" At physics lessons, robotics can be used for laboratory, practical work and experiments, as well as for research project activities in the study of sections: "Physics and physical methods for studying nature", "Mechanical phenomena", "Thermal phenomena", " Electrical and magnetic phenomena”, “Electromagnetic oscillations and waves”. Subject "Informatics" Educational constructors will allow more intensive formation of key competencies of students in informatics lessons when studying the sections: "Information bases of management processes", "Representation of the objects of the surrounding world", "Representation of the system of objects", "Main stages of modeling", "Algorithms . Algorithm performer”, “Programming environment”, “PC architecture. Interaction of computer devices.

Extracurricular activities Project-oriented work with the designer allows you to organize optional, home and distance learning. At school, children can study in circles, on electives, attend classes on the basis of institutions of additional education. The forms of work can be varied: general developmental circles for children of primary and secondary level; design and research circles for high school students, the inclusion of research on the basis of educational designers in the activities of the scientific society of students, and much more. The organization of circles on robotics allows solving a whole range of tasks, including attracting children at risk, creating conditions for the self-expression of a teenager, creating a situation of success for all children, because robotics is also a way to organize leisure for children and adolescents using modern information technologies. In addition, thanks to the use of educational kits, we can identify gifted children, stimulate their interest and develop skills in practical solutions to urgent educational problems.

Vocational education Approaching the moment of transition to the stage of vocational education, a student, thanks to educational robotics, as a rule, has already made his professional choice. Embedding robotics in the educational process in vocational education institutions, whether it is an NGO, vocational school, university, helps a teenager not only develop technical inclinations in himself, but there is an understanding of the essence of the chosen profession. Robotics allows you to realize already professional knowledge through modeling, design and programming. The main goal at the stage of embedding robotics at the level of vocational education is to ensure the interaction of education, science and production.

Competitions in robotics One of the important aspects of stimulating children to independent development of creative mental activity and maintaining interest in technical education is their participation in competitions, olympiads, conferences and festivals of a technical nature. There is a whole system of competitions in robotics at different levels: regional, interregional, all-Russian, international, such as the festival "Projects of operating robot models", RoboMech, JuniorSkills Russia, etc. Robotics competitions differ from other competitive events in several ways: Entertainment: the child sees positive work of their peers, advanced engineering and technical achievements, new solutions in the field of robotics. Competitiveness: allows you to identify the most prepared team that can quickly solve the problem set by the coach (organizer). Gambling: the desire of children for leadership, ahead of their peers, a quick and uncompromising solution to the problem is best manifested during robotics competitions.

Efficiency Over the two years of the club's work, the guys took part in the following events: 1. 2015 participation in the city NPK "Step into Science" with the project "My First Robot" 2. 2016 participation in the city NPK "Step into Science" with the project " Controlled robot with remote video surveillance" 3. 2016 city competition "Roads of military glory" in the nomination 3D model (stela "Remember everything!") 2nd place. 4. 2016 city festival of business projects "Khabarovsk NASH" with the project "Universal radio module in the Smart Home control system", finalists. 5. 2016 city festival-exhibition "Working robot models" 1st and 3rd place. 6 2016 participation in the regional championship JunorSkills Russia

Efficiency Several models of robots have been created, the “Puppy” robot, a robot with remote video surveillance, a sorting robot, a walking robot. There are still 2 robots in development: a robotic arm and a lunar rover.

Efficiency After the first year of study, students have knowledge of: the basic concepts of electrical engineering and robotics; arduino and its types; the device and principle of functioning of Arduino and individual elements; the basic structure and principles of programming Arduino microcontrollers;

Efficiency After the first year of study, students have the skills to: create basic projects from Arduino kits according to ready-made schemes; connection and use of sensors, motors; programming for the Arduino project; independent search for the necessary information from various sources for design; development, design and analysis of their own projects, as well as robot models.

Controlled robot with remote video surveillance Robot "Puppy" The first robot Quadropod

Participants of the NPK "Step into Science" Participants of JuniorSkills Russia Participants of the exhibition "Projects of working models of robots"

Robotics and Legoconstruction

• Robotics is quickly becoming an integral part of the educational process because it easily fits into the school curriculum in technical subjects. Key experiments in physics and mathematics can be visualized with the help of Lego robots.
• Robotics encourages children to think creatively, analyze situations, and apply critical thinking to real-world problems. Teamwork and cooperation strengthens the team, and competition in competitions provides an incentive to study. The ability to make and correct mistakes at work on their own forces students to find solutions without losing respect among their peers. The robot does not grade and does not give homework, but it makes you work mentally and constantly.

• Playing with robots can be fun and the learning process is faster. Robotics at school teaches children to look at problems more broadly and solve them in a complex. The created model always finds an analogue in the real world. The tasks that students set for the robot are extremely specific, but in the process of creating a machine, previously unpredictable properties of the device are discovered or new possibilities for its use are opened.
• Various programming languages ​​with graphic elements help schoolchildren to think logically and consider the variance of the robot's action. Processing information using sensors and setting up sensors give students an idea of ​​​​the various options for understanding and perceiving the world by living systems.

Robotics (from robot and technology; English robotics) is an applied science that develops automated technical systems.

• This presentation introduces the designer Pervo Robot LEGOWeDo
• This construction set allows students to work as young researchers, engineers, mathematicians and even writers, providing them with instructions, tools and tasks for cross-curricular projects. Students assemble and program working models, and then use them to complete tasks that are essentially exercises in science, technology, math, and speech development courses.

Why do we need robots in schools?

• Robot Design - What is it?
• Another fashion trend or a requirement of the times?
• What do students do in lego construction classes: play or study?

Program goal:

• Developing children's interest in technical creativity and teaching their design through the creation of simple models, the management of finished models using simple computer programs.

LEGO allows students to:

• study together within the same group;
• distribute responsibilities in your group;
• show increased attention to the culture and ethics of communication;
• show a creative approach to solving the problem;
• create models of real objects and processes;
• see the real results of your work.

The Lego Robot program is based on the LEGO WeDo Primal Robot course. The classes use the LEGO WeDo constructor, which allows you to assemble 12 original models, and special software.

• The constructor has 158 elements, from which 12 basic models can be constructed.
• The LEGO WeDo PervoRobot constructor is designed primarily for elementary school (grades 2-4). It can also be used to work with senior classes. Working individually, in pairs, or in teams, students of all ages can learn by building and programming models, doing research, writing reports, and discussing ideas that arise while working with these models.

What we do in class:

• One lesson is two lessons of 30 minutes each. Typically, a two-person team works with one design kit and one laptop.
• According to the instructions, we assemble the model, draw up a program for it, and conduct tests.
• The models are very original, you can’t come up with these yourself! With some models, you can experiment, and with some - games.
• For each model, you can write several versions of programs, add sound and graphic support

• extracurricular activities on the basis of 2-3 classes. There are 12 students. Of these, 8 boys and 4 girls. My main goal was to involve the activities of these guys.

The general course of the lesson looks something like this:

• Formulation of the problem
• Ways to solve it in a logical way and determine which commands the robot should execute
• Construction of a robot with the necessary blocks, motors and sensors
• Programming
• Working off
• Reflection on what can be improved or changed in the design of the robot or program to better solve the problem.
• In preparation for exhibitions and competitions, analysis of the rules for holding the event and the technical characteristics of the necessary robots.

And also:

• It is easy to assemble the model according to the instructions. It is important to understand what mechanisms allow it to move. We have studied the principles of operation of a motor that rotates an axle, a lever, a cam. Get acquainted with gear and belt drives. We learned what a pulley and a worm wheel are. Now in new models we will be able to use these mechanisms.

• We study the basics of algorithmization.
• We build flowcharts, compare programming methods

• WeDo PervoBot provides teachers with the tools to achieve a range of educational goals:
• * Develop vocabulary and communication skills while explaining how the model works.
• * Establish cause-and-effect relationships.
• * Analysis of results and search for new solutions.
• * Collective development of ideas, perseverance in the implementation of some of them.
• * Experimental study, assessment (measurement) of the influence of individual factors.
• * Carrying out systematic observations and measurements.
• * Use tables to display and analyze data.
• * Logical thinking and programming of the given behavior of the model.

• Summing up, we can say that the introduction of the course "Educational Robotics in Primary School" has just begun. Methodological and didactic materials are to be finalized. But I understand that the direction of educational robotics has great development prospects. It can be implemented not only in extracurricular activities, but also in such academic subjects as technology, the world around us in elementary school. That is, over time, a systematic approach of the school to embedding robotics in the educational space of the school is needed.

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