"Civil War and Intervention" - Attempts by white governments, landlords and the bourgeoisie to return the pre-revolutionary order. A deep national crisis by the beginning of 1917. Leaders of the white movement (Messages from students). Consequences of the Civil War: The goals of foreign intervention in Russia. The problem of periodization is the subject of scientific disputes. Causes of the defeat of the white movement.

"White Movement in the Civil War" - Civil War. Weakness of the "white" movement. Terror problem. Millions died and died of starvation and disease. Historians. Is every revolution necessarily connected with war? Analysis of the activities of the "whites" in the civil war. The reasons for the defeat and the role of whites in the civil war. The attitude of the population towards "whites".

"Kolchak" - Father. Army. Meeting with Anna Vasilievna. Omsk. Confused information. Admiral. Alexander Vasilyevich at the front. Admiral Kolchak. Search. White color. Young lieutenant. Vasily Ivanovich Kolchak. Timireva. Cross. Kolchak in the Black Sea Fleet.

"Years of the Civil War in Russia" - Eastern Front. Civil war in Russia. Sergei Sergeevich Kamenev. The uprising of the Czechoslovak corps. In the summer of 1919, the center of the armed struggle moved to the Southern Front. Maximilian Voloshin. Red Army and White movement. Red Army. Spring - autumn 1920. Summer-autumn 1918. Quantitative and qualitative superiority.

"War Communism" - In January 1919, a colossal food tax was introduced - the surplus appraisal. To prevent food from being distributed outside the state, the Bolsheviks banned trade. Strikes and peasant unrest did not stop. Buying food from peasants would benefit wealthier people.

"1919-1920" - 4. War with Poland. A.V. Kolchak. Crossing the Sivash. XX century. 11/28/1918 Kolchak announced the introduction of sole power to fight the Bolsheviks. The Russian North has again become Soviet. Before being sent to the Southern Front. N.N. Yudenich. Local power passed to the volost zemstvos. Lesson plan. First Cavalry Army.

There are 35 presentations in total in the topic

White movement-

• military-political movement of politically heterogeneous forces, formed during the Civil War of 1917-1923 in Russia with the aim of overthrowing the Soviet regime.

Civil War -

• the most acute form of social struggle for state power between different classes within the country.

The members of the White movement advocated the revival of the former power of Russia and a merciless struggle against the Bolsheviks.

Slogans:"Let's die for our country"

"Fatherland or Death"

"Better death than the death of Russia"

Compound: representatives of the officers of the Cossacks, the bourgeoisie,

nobility, officials, intelligentsia,

prosperous peasantry

Common goals:-destruction of Bolshevism

Convening a Constituent Assembly

Restoration of a powerful united Russia

Peculiarities:

Lack of a single universally recognized leader

There is no unity in the future structure of the country

Lack of a clear program of action

Heterogeneity of the composition in terms of views, party membership and origin.

led the army L.G. Kornilov

And after his death in April 1918, the commander became A.I. Denikin .

Kornilov Lavr Georgievich

Kornilov Lavr Georgievich (1870-1918).

Russian military leader. Military intelligence officer, diplomat and traveler-explorer.

From the family of a Cossack officer from the district town of Ust-Kamenogorsk, Semipalatinsk province.

Graduated from the Academy of the General Staff (1898).

Hero of the Russo-Japanese and World War I. Supreme Commander of the Russian Army (August 1917). Member of the Civil War, one of the organizers and Commander-in-Chief of the Volunteer Army, the leader of the White movement in the South of Russia, a pioneer.

A house in Karakalinsk, where, according to local residents, they spent their childhood L.G. Kornilov

• In early March, at the insistence of Rodzianko, Chairman of the State Duma, Kornilov was appointed commander of the Petrograd Military District.
• Kornilov stood for the preservation of strong power. Speaking for order and tough power, he repeatedly declared his commitment to democratic ideals.
• Kornilov managed to achieve some success under Brusilov's command of the army: he broke through the front at Kalush. On July 7, he replaced the commander-in-chief of the front A.E. Gutor.
• On July 12, under pressure from Kornilov, the Provisional Government decided to restore the death penalty at the front.

L.G. Kornilov in front of the troops. 1917

• In December 1917, together with Alekseev and Denikin, he became the organizer of the First Volunteer Army.
• He commanded the army during the famous Ice Campaign from the Don, where the Soviets defeated the Kuban. Successfully led the Volunteer Army to unite with the Kuban Volunteer Army.
• March 31 (April 13), 1918 - killed during the storming of Yekaterinodar.

Kornilov. ice hike

Denikin Anton Ivanovich

Denikin Anton Ivanovich (1872 - 1947)

Russian military leader, politician, one of the main leaders of the White movement in Russia during the Civil War.

Born in a village near the Polish city of Wloclawek.

He came from a family of serfs.

During the First World War, he commanded the 4th Infantry Brigade (later expanded into a division), which received the nickname "Iron". During the Civil War he was the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the South of Russia (1918-1920), having achieved the greatest success in the fight against the Reds.

Anton Ivanovich Denikin (1872-1947) - one of the main leaders of the White movement during the Civil War, its leader in southern Russia. He achieved the greatest military and political results among all the leaders of the White movement. One of the main organizers, and then - the commander of the Volunteer Army. Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the South of Russia, Deputy Supreme Ruler and Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Army, Admiral Kolchak.

• Anton Ivanovich Denikin (1872-1947) - one of the main leaders of the White movement during the Civil War, its leader in southern Russia. He achieved the greatest military and political results among all the leaders of the White movement. One of the main organizers, and then - the commander of the Volunteer Army. Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the South of Russia, Deputy Supreme Ruler and Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Army, Admiral Kolchak.

• After the death of Kolchak, all-Russian power was supposed to pass to Denikin, but on April 4, 1920, he transferred command to General Wrangel and left for Europe with his family on the same day. Denikin lived in England, Belgium, Hungary, France, where he was engaged in literary activities. Remaining a staunch opponent of the Soviet system, he still refused the Germans' proposals for cooperation. Soviet influence in Europe forced Denikin to move to the United States in 1945, where he continued to work on the autobiographical story The Way of a Russian Officer, but never finished it.

• General Anton Ivanovich Denikin died of a heart attack on August 8, 1947 at the University of Michigan Hospital in Ann Arbor and was buried in a cemetery in Detroit. In 2005, the ashes of General Denikin and his wife were transported to Moscow for burial in the Holy Don Monastery.

• Kolchak Alexander Vasilyevich (1874-1920)
• The leader of the White movement during the Civil War, the Supreme Ruler of Russia Alexander Kolchak was born on November 16, 1874 in St. Petersburg. In November 1919, under the onslaught of the Red Army, Kolchak left Omsk. In December, Kolchak's train was blocked in Nizhneudinsk by the Czechoslovaks. On January 4, 1920, he transferred the entirety of the already mythical power to Denikin, and the command of the armed forces in the east to Semyonov. Kolchak was guaranteed security by the allied command.

• But after the transfer of power in Irkutsk to the Bolshevik Revolutionary Committee, Kolchak was also at his disposal. Upon learning of the capture of Kolchak, Vladimir Ilyich Lenin ordered to shoot him. Alexander Kolchak was shot along with the Chairman of the Council of Ministers Pepelyaev on the banks of the Ushakovka River. The bodies of the executed were lowered into the hole in the Angara.

• Lavr Georgievich Kornilov (1870-1918) - Russian military leader, participant in the Civil War, one of the organizers and Commander-in-Chief of the Volunteer Army, leader of the White movement in the South of Russia.
• On April 13, 1918, he was killed during the assault on Yekaterinodar with an enemy grenade. The coffin with the body of Kornilov was secretly buried during the retreat through the German colony of Gnachbau. The grave was razed to the ground. Later, organized excavations discovered only the coffin with the body of Colonel Nezhentsev. Only a piece of a pine coffin was found in Kornilov's dug up grave.

• Pyotr Nikolaevich Krasnov (1869-1947) - General of the Russian Imperial Army, Ataman of the Great Don Army, military and political figure, writer and publicist. During World War II, he served as head of the Main Directorate of the Cossack Troops of the Imperial Ministry of the Eastern Occupied Territories. In June 1917 he was appointed head of the 1st Kuban Cossack division, in September - commander of the 3rd cavalry corps, promoted to lieutenant general. He was arrested during the Kornilov speech upon arrival in Pskov by the commissar of the Northern Front, but then released. May 16, 1918 Krasnov was elected Ataman of the Don Cossacks. Having staked on Germany, relying on its support and not obeying A.I. Denikin, who was still guided by the "allies", he launched a fight against the Bolsheviks at the head of the Don army.

• The military collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR announced the decision to execute Krasnov P.N., Krasnov S.N., Shkuro, Sultan-Girey Klych, von Pannwitz - because "We conducted an armed struggle against the Soviet Union through the White Guard detachments formed by them and carried out active espionage, sabotage and terrorist activities against the USSR". On January 16, 1947, Krasnov and others were hanged in the Lefortovo prison.

• Pyotr Nikolaevich Wrangel (1878-1928) - Russian military leader from the main leaders of the White movement during the Civil War. Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Army in the Crimea and Poland. Lieutenant General of the General Staff. Georgievsky Cavalier. He received the nickname "Black Baron" for his traditional everyday uniform - a black Cossack Circassian coat with gazyrs.
• April 25, 1928 died suddenly in Brussels, after a sudden infection with tuberculosis. According to the assumptions of his relatives, he was poisoned by the brother of his servant, who was a Bolshevik agent. He was buried in Brussels. Subsequently, the ashes of Wrangel were transferred to Belgrade, where they were solemnly reburied on October 6, 1929 in the Russian Church of the Holy Trinity.

• Nikolai Nikolaevich Yudenich (1862-1933) - Russian military leader, infantry general - during the Civil War, he led the forces operating against the Soviet regime in the northwestern direction. He died in 1962 from pulmonary tuberculosis. He was buried first in the Lower Church in Cannes, but later his coffin was transferred to Nice in the Cocad cemetery.

• On October 20, 2008, in the church fence near the altar of the Church of the Exaltation of the Cross Church in the village of Opole, Kingisepp District, Leningrad Region, as a tribute to the memory of the fallen ranks of the army of General Yudenich, a monument to the soldiers of the North-Western Army was erected.

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Presentation - "White" movement during the Civil War

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Zelenina Tatyana Gerasimovna teacher of history MBOU VMR "Fedotov secondary school"
Lesson in grade 11 Topic: "White" movement during the Civil War

"White" movement during the Civil War
PERFORMED BY STUDENT 11th grade ROCHEVA ALYONA

…Listen Russian people! What are we fighting for? For desecrated faith and offended shrines. For the liberation of the Russian people from the yoke of the communists, vagabonds, convicts, who completely ruined holy Russia. To end the internecine strife. For the peasant to acquire ownership of the land he cultivates and engage in peaceful labor. For true freedom and law to reign in Russia. For the Russian people to choose their own master. Help me, Russian people, save the Motherland.
General Wrangel

white movement
WHITE MOVEMENT anti-Bolshevik movement during the Civil War in Russia. White is the opposite of red. Social composition: monarchist officers, Cossacks, clergy, part of the intelligentsia, landowners, representatives of big capital

White's goals
The struggle for the return of lost power and the restoration of oneself in the former socio-economic rights.
Recreate the pre-February statehood, primarily its military apparatus, traditional social relations and market economy.
For a united, indivisible Russia!

At the first stage
FIRST STAGE (November 1917 - February 1918): the Volunteer and Don Army were formed on the Don and Kuban. The ideological and organizational foundations of the future white armies were laid. SECOND STAGE (March - November 1918): there have been changes in the balance of social forces within the country. Whites received socio-economic support in the grain-producing regions of the south and east of the country. THIRD STAGE (November 1918 - March 1919): the real assistance of the Entente powers to the White movement. FOURTH STAGE (March 1919 - March 1920): distinguished by the greatest scope of the armed struggle.
Fight Bolshevism to the end!

Actions, front lines
Yudenich
Kolchak
Denikin

Leaders of the white movement:

Denikin Anton Ivanovich
Anton Ivanovich Denikin - one of the main leaders of the White movement during the Civil War, its leader in southern Russia. He achieved the greatest military and political results among all the leaders of the White movement. One of the main organizers, and then - the commander of the Volunteer Army. Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the South of Russia, Deputy Supreme Ruler and Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Army, Admiral Kolchak. After the death of Kolchak, all-Russian power was supposed to pass to Denikin, but on April 4, 1920, he transferred command to General Wrangel and left for Europe with his family on the same day. Denikin lived in England, Belgium, Hungary, France, where he was engaged in literary activities. Remaining a staunch opponent of the Soviet system, he still refused the Germans' proposals for cooperation. Soviet influence in Europe forced Denikin to move to the United States in 1945, where he continued to work on the autobiographical story The Way of a Russian Officer, but never finished it. General Anton Ivanovich Denikin died of a heart attack on August 8, 1947 at the University of Michigan Hospital in Ann Arbor and was buried in a cemetery in Detroit. In 2005, the ashes of General Denikin and his wife were transported to Moscow for burial in the Holy Don Monastery.

Kolchak Alexander Vasilievich
The leader of the White movement during the Civil War, the Supreme Ruler of Russia Alexander Kolchak was born on November 16, 1874 in St. Petersburg. Alexander Vasilyevich Kolchak was a direct protege of the West and that is why he turned out to be the Supreme Ruler. In November 1919, under the onslaught of the Red Army, Kolchak left Omsk. In December, Kolchak's train was blocked in Nizhneudinsk by the Czechoslovaks. On January 4, 1920, he transferred the entirety of the already mythical power to Denikin, and the command of the armed forces in the east to Semyonov. Kolchak was guaranteed security by the allied command. But after the transfer of power in Irkutsk to the Bolshevik Revolutionary Committee, Kolchak was also at his disposal. Upon learning of the capture of Kolchak, Vladimir Ilyich Lenin ordered to shoot him. Alexander Kolchak was shot along with the Chairman of the Council of Ministers Pepelyaev on the banks of the Ushakovka River. The bodies of the executed were lowered into the hole in the Angara.

Kornilov Lavr Georgievich
Lavr Kornilov - Russian military leader, participant in the Civil War, one of the organizers and Commander-in-Chief of the Volunteer Army, leader of the White movement in the South of Russia. On April 13, 1918, he was killed during the assault on Yekaterinodar with an enemy grenade. The coffin with the body of Kornilov was secretly buried during the retreat through the German colony of Gnachbau. The grave was razed to the ground. Later, organized excavations discovered only the coffin with the body of Colonel Nezhentsev. Only a piece of a pine coffin was found in Kornilov's dug up grave.

Krasnov Petr Nikolaevich
Pyotr Nikolaevich Krasnov - general of the Russian Imperial Army, ataman of the Great Don Army, military and political figure, writer and publicist. During World War II, he served as head of the Main Directorate of the Cossack Troops of the Imperial Ministry of the Eastern Occupied Territories. In June 1917 he was appointed head of the 1st Kuban Cossack division, in September - commander of the 3rd cavalry corps, promoted to lieutenant general. He was arrested during the Kornilov speech upon arrival in Pskov by the commissar of the Northern Front, but then released. May 16, 1918 Krasnov was elected Ataman of the Don Cossacks. Having staked on Germany, relying on its support and not obeying A.I. Denikin, who was still guided by the "allies", he launched a fight against the Bolsheviks at the head of the Don army. The military collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR announced the decision to execute Krasnov P.N., Krasnov S.N., Shkuro, Sultan-Girey Klych, von Pannwitz - for the fact that “they conducted an armed struggle against the Soviet Union through the White Guard detachments formed by them and carried out an active espionage, sabotage and terrorist activities against the USSR. On January 16, 1947, Krasnov and others were hanged in the Lefortovo prison.

Wrangel Pyotr Nikolaevich
Pyotr Nikolaevich Wrangel - Russian military leader from the main leaders of the White movement during the Civil War. Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Army in the Crimea and Poland. Lieutenant General of the General Staff. Georgievsky Cavalier. He received the nickname "Black Baron" for his traditional everyday uniform - a black Cossack Circassian coat with gazyrs. April 25, 1928 died suddenly in Brussels, after a sudden infection with tuberculosis. According to the assumptions of his relatives, he was poisoned by the brother of his servant, who was a Bolshevik agent. He was buried in Brussels. Subsequently, the ashes of Wrangel were transferred to Belgrade, where they were solemnly reburied on October 6, 1929 in the Russian Church of the Holy Trinity.

Yudenich Nikolai Nikolaevich
Nikolai Yudenich - a Russian military figure, an infantry general - during the Civil War led the forces operating against the Soviet regime in the northwestern direction. He died in 1962 from pulmonary tuberculosis. He was buried first in the Lower Church in Cannes, but later his coffin was transferred to Nice in the Cocad cemetery. On October 20, 2008, in the church fence near the altar of the Church of the Exaltation of the Cross Church in the village of Opole, Kingisepp District, Leningrad Region, as a tribute to the memory of the fallen ranks of the army of General Yudenich, a monument to the soldiers of the North-Western Army was erected.

Alekseev Mikhail Vasilievich
Mikhail Alekseev - an active participant in the White movement during the Civil War. One of the founders, the Supreme Leader of the Volunteer Army. He died on October 8, 1918 from pneumonia and, after a two-day farewell of many thousands, was buried in the Military Cathedral of the Kuban Cossack Army in Yekaterinodar. Among the wreaths laid on his grave, one attracted the attention of the public with its genuine touchingness. It was written on it: "They did not see, but they knew and loved." During the retreat of the White troops in early 1920, his ashes were taken to Serbia by relatives and colleagues and reburied in Belgrade. During the years of communist rule, in order to avoid the destruction of the grave of the founder and leader of the "White Cause", the slab on his grave was replaced with another, on which only two words were succinctly written: "Warrior Michael."

A. V. Kolchak on the flagship of the Black Sea Fleet

Volunteer army in 1917-20

From the materials of the command of the Armed Forces of the South of Russia “I ask you to bring to the attention of your governments the goals pursued by the Command of the Armed Forces of the South of Russia in the armed struggle against Soviet power and in state building. I. The destruction of the Bolshevik anarchy and the establishment of II. In a country of law. II. Restoration of a powerful united and indivisible Russia. III. Convening a people's assembly on the basis of universal suffrage. IV. Carrying out the decentralization of power through the establishment of regional autonomy and broad local self-government”

Reasons for the defeat of the white words of contemporaries
“People were looking for an idea and stained the banner. Yes, it was. We knew our sins well... Volunteers could not keep their white robes. Along with confessors, heroes, martyrs of the white idea, there were money-grubbers and murderers...”, “Russia cannot be liberated against the will of the people” (P. N. Milyukov) “There were no points of support among the masses” (V. Shulgin)

"The tragedy of the white struggle
was that she couldn't
not to be and at the same time
she was doomed"
N. Tchaikovsky

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