Construction of houses on the Swedish technology. Swedish country houses and cottages

Frame technology or construction swedish technology houses on the territory of our glorious country has been used for several decades.

Surely you have already heard such concepts as prefabricated or Finnish houses. Nowadays, this design of houses among future homeowners enjoys in great demand, having noble characteristics, heat resistance and special practicality. Almost 90% of individual houses in Sweden are built using this technology frame construction, for which such a structure got its name - "Swedish house". If you come to Sweden, you will see many similar houses made using this technology, differing only in color and design. This is a kind of symbol not only of Sweden, but of Scandinavia as a whole. There are also other names such as: Canadian or Finnish technology construction. All of them are united general idea However, the approach to construction is quite different from each other.

An example of a house made in traditional style Swedish construction. The main difference can be either the color or the project of the house, but not the construction technology.

Swedish technology differs from the rest in that a special profile is used as elements of ceilings, rafters and frame, for the manufacture of which galvanized steel is used. Due to its special configuration, such a profile has a thermal conductivity 20% lower than a wooden beam of the same size. What keeps heat inside the house does not let it out. Another major advantage is the use of a galvanized profile, which, unlike wooden beam it is moisture resistant, it does not deform, during operation, fungus, rodents and various pathogenic bacteria do not start in it.

The advantages of houses built according to Swedish technology include the low cost of construction, the absence of the need for a heavy foundation, powerful construction equipment, cost-effectiveness, which is provided by high energy-saving technologies. The construction companies of the country have long mastered the construction of houses using this technology, therefore, when contacting the company, you will be offered ready-made swedish house designs, which managed to prove themselves on the positive side during their operation. As a rule, all house projects are adapted to the harsh Russian climatic conditions, so their construction is now widely practiced in the regions of the Far North.

The villa, made according to the described technology, is excellent only for its project. It creates a feeling of warmth and comfort, despite its Nordic roots.

The main advantage, of course, is the cost of building a house, which is built using Swedish technology. Most Russians who want to build individual house it is with this technology that they will save enough money, while receiving a high-quality building for more than a dozen years. And another main plus is the high performance, tested by the cold Scandinavian climate, which differs little from the Russian one, and its laconic appearance. The number of people wishing to acquire their own "Swedish" house is increasing year by year.

For a long time on the Scandinavian Peninsula built frame houses- Inexpensive, durable and warm. Previously, their walls were insulated with reeds, sawdust or straw. These houses stand everywhere among the Swedish and Norwegian fjords, among the Finnish forests to this day.

These Swedish frame houses are over ninety years old! Who said, that wooden house short-lived? With the right design and proper care, wooden frame house can stand for centuries!

Nowadays Sweden is one of the most developed countries in the world. By volume industrial production Sweden is only a few percent behind Norway, Finland and Denmark combined! High demands on living standards and energy shortages, increased environmental and safety requirements demanded a universal and inexpensive solution.

Therefore, 80% of all houses in Sweden are built using the technology wooden frame. prefabricated wooden houses, according to this technology, are produced in Sweden industrial way for more than half a century by 245 construction companies.

This is what a completely ordinary modern Swedish country house looks like. frame technology.

Wealthy people in Sweden also build classic Victorian-style frame houses that look quite luxurious.

But if you want to live in modern house- frame technology is still at your service!

This is how a modern Swedish house looks like using frame technology in the Art Nouveau style, which the DKMK plant can build for you.

What features are typical for Swedish frame houses?

Since Sweden is characterized by enough strong winds, high humidity and a large snow load inherent in the maritime climate, frame houses are made with a reinforced frame and thick walls with power sheathing. The so-called insulated Swedish plate - UShP is used as a foundation. This slab foundation reliably fences off the premises of the house from cold ground and is often the basis for the heating system according to the "warm floor" system. Since energy in Sweden is generated by nuclear power plants and is quite expensive, a heat pump is often used to heat a Swedish house, immersed in the bowels of the earth or in the sea.

One of the first questions that arises when you think about building a house - what will it be like? After all, I want the house to be not only beautiful, but also cozy, comfortable for living.

Most likely, you will first try to draw your “ideal layout” yourself. But I am more than sure that you will very quickly encounter a number of difficulties - how to “shove in what is not pushed in”, how to arrange windows, doors ... do everything so that it is both convenient and beautiful and nothing more.

It is no coincidence that people study to be architects and designers. Everything is not as simple as it seems. Therefore, in my opinion, the best way is to search for a “donor”, a ready-made house project that best suits your desires and requirements.

You will type in Yandex or Google something like “finished projects” or “ standard projects” and will consider many domestic projects. You may find something, or you may be disappointed.

Why are Scandinavian projects better than Russian ones?

In short - scandinavian houses are much more thoughtful, rational and comfortable for living than the vast majority of domestic ones.

Russian projects are very specific. We do not have much experience in designing private houses. village houses always built “with their own mind”, without “conveniences” and other bourgeois excesses, and professional designers and architects were taught to build large buildings and apartment buildings.

Hence the specifics of domestic projects - a bet on a catchy appearance, despite the fact that interior layouts often not thought out and made according to the “apartment” model, not taking into account the specifics of a country house and living in it.

The space is not used efficiently, there are no extremely useful (and often necessary) utility rooms, etc. But there are many useless halls and corridors. Which wasted devour the space for which you will pay during construction.

But behind spectacular facades, this is often not noticeable. Understanding comes later, when the house is built, the money is spent, and you understand what should have been done differently.

Once I came across a project of a house of 250 sq m, of which, upon closer examination, about 100 m2 were halls and corridors. That is, in fact - wasted space. But if you take a more rational approach to the use of space, then instead of a house of 250m2, it was quite possible to build a house of 180 - with the same set and area of \u200b\u200bpremises that carry some useful function. But in order to make the layout rational, one must strain the brain very strongly. It is much easier to increase the area and stick a couple of corridors. After all, it is not the designer who will pay for these square meters during construction.

Therefore, in my opinion, it is more correct to turn to foreign experience. And first of all to experience northern Europe and Scandinavia.

Why exactly them?

Because in these countries they know how to count money, they love comfort, but at the same time they don’t like to spend too much. The layouts of Finnish, Norwegian, Swedish houses are extremely well thought out. And the climate and the associated features of houses are closer to ours than, say, Spanish or Polish houses.

All space is used very rationally. Appearance, layout - everything is balanced.

Can I make my own changes to the Scandinavian project?

It is possible, but very carefully. I repeat, Scandinavian projects for the most part have already been thought out to the smallest detail. Therefore, an attempt to independently “re-plan” or change one to another can lead to the fact that in the end you will get a completely different house. And not the fact that it will be as comfortable and beautiful as in the original picture.

Therefore, ideally, you need to look for a project that suits you with minimal changes. Or it is very good to be aware of what you are doing and how it will look in reality.

I will bring small example. Below in the photo is the "donor" and its implementation with some facade changes.

It would seem like nothing. Windows without “deglazing” were replaced with siding, wide white decorative elements, slightly reduced the porch. Like little things. But in the end it turned out another house. Not bad - but just that different. Not the same as in the picture.

Where can I find a project for a Finnish or Scandinavian house?

Only two options

Option one - find in Scandinavia

In Finland and Scandinavia, typical construction is very common, which is carried out by both small firms and large corporations. Such firms usually have catalogs of manufactured houses.

Actually, your task is to study the websites of these companies, see what they offer and choose a Scandinavian or Finnish house project for further implementation. Although, to be honest, it cannot be called a project. Rather, it is the appearance and layout from which you can push off. So how to buy finished project with all the documentation abroad - quite problematic. But having sketches on hand - the layout and appearance of the house, it is already possible to make a "replica" of this house.

Not all sites have a Russian or English version. Moreover, such a version may be "abbreviated", so for completeness of information, it is better to look at the original site.

To make it easier to navigate the sites, you can use the automatic Google translator (translate.google.com) - just enter the site address in the translation field.

Or use the hints below.

Option two - look at the Finnish house

We went to this for a long time and finally made our catalog of Scandinavian and Finnish house projects. Faced with what to look for suitable project on several dozens of foreign sites, which are also constantly changing, we gradually began to drag projects from Scandinavian sites to ourselves. And now there are more than 2500 Finnish, Norwegian and Swedish houses on the Finnish house, with a convenient search by the main criteria. By the way, when viewing a project in our catalog, pay attention to the “description” tab, there is helpful information and a link to the original project.

projects of Finnish houses with a sauna - and which finnish house no sauna?
projects of Finnish houses with a garage - after creating the catalog, I was surprised to find that the Finns have a lot of such projects
projects of Finnish houses up to 100m2 - small houses have their own charm, except for one, they turn out to be expensive to build
projects of Finnish houses from glued laminated timber - by the way, such a house can always be made in a frame version 😉

If you didn’t find your option - try searching in the catalog itself using the search form in the sidebar.

If you like to work with primary sources, then you will find links to Finnish and Scandinavian sites that served as the source of projects for our catalog.

Finnish house designs

Everything related to houses has a root in Finnish talo- which is noticeable even by the name of the companies. For example Omatalo is one of the largest concerns in Finland and Scandinavia.

Accordingly, look for sections on sites one way or another related to talo - usually the directory is hidden under the word talot (at home), talomallistomme, talopaketit, etc. as well as mallistot (collections). Hints: kerros - number of storeys, Huoneistoala -living space, Kerrosala - total area.

And it doesn't matter whether the company builds houses from glued beams or frame houses, any project can be adapted to the frame technology.

Company	Catalog
http://www.alvsbytalo.fi	http://www.alvsbytalo.fi/ talomallistomme
http://www.jukkatalo.fi
http://www.kannustalo.fi	http://www.kannustalo.fi/ mallistot/index.html
http://www.jamera.fi	http://www.jamera.fi/fi/talomallistot/ Also read my
http://www.samitalo.fi	http://www.samitalo.fi/fi/mallistot/sami-talo/
http://www.kastelli.fi/	http://www.kastelli.fi/Talot/
http://www.kreivitalo.fi	http://www.kreivitalo.fi/talomallit/nordland
http://www.finnlamelli.fi	http://www.finnlamelli.fi/eng/models
http://www.omatalo.com/	http://www.omatalo.com/talot/
http://www.herrala.fi/	http://www.herrala.fi/talomallisto
http://www.jetta-talo.fi	http://www.jetta-talo.fi/talomallisto.html
http://www.passiivitalo.com	http://www.passiivitalo.com/eliitti/omakotalo.html
http://www.aatelitalo.fi	http://www.aatelitalo.fi/aatelitalon+talomallit/
http://www.designtalo.fi/	http://www.designtalo.fi/fi/talopaketit/
http://www.kontio.fi/	http://www.kontio.fi/fin/ Hirsitalot.627.html http://www.kontio.fi/fin/Hirsihuvilat.628.html
http://www.lapponiarus.ru/	http://www.lapponiarus.ru/catalogue.html
http://www.lappli.fi	http://www.lappli.fi/fi/talomallistot
http://www.jmturku.com	http://www.jmturku.com/index_tiedostot/Page668.htm
http://www.sievitalo.fi	http://www.sievitalo.fi/trenditalomallisto/
http://www.hartmankoti.fi	http://hartmankoti.fi/talomallisto/
http://kilpitalot.fi	http://kilpitalot.fi/talomallisto/
http://www.mittavakoti.fi	http://www.mittavakoti.fi/mallisto/talomallisto.html
http://www.planiatalo.fi	http://www.planiatalo.fi/fi/mallistot/
http://www.mammuttihirsi.fi	http://www.mammuttikoti.fi/talomallisto/mallisto.html
http://honkatalot.ru	http://lumipolar.ru/mallistot
http://www.kuusamohirsitalot.fi	http://www.kuusamohirsitalot.fi/fi/mallisto/mallihaku.html
http://www.kodikas.fi	http://www.kodikas.fi/puutalot#lisatiedot2
http://www.dekotalo.fi	http://www.dekotalo.fi/mallisto/1-kerros/
http://polarhouse.com	http://polarhouse.com/mokit-huvilat/
http://www.callatalo.fi	http://www.callatalo.fi/talomallisto.html
http://www.simonselement.fi	http://www.simonselement.fi/models.php?type=1&cat=1

Hints - husen (houses) planritningar (layout), Vära hus (choose a house)

Company	Catalog
http://www.a-hus.se/	http://www.a-hus.se/vara-hus
http://www.polarhouse.com/	http://www.polarhouse.com/fi/mallistot/
http://www.vallsjohus.se/	http://www.vallsjohus.se/? page_id=36
http://www. www.forsgrenstimmerhus.se/	http://www. forsgrenstimmerhus.se/sv/hus# start
http://www.lbhus.se/	http://www.lbhus.se/vara-hus. php
http://hjaltevadshus.se	http://hjaltevadshus.se/hus/
http://www.st-annahus.se/	http://www.st-annahus.se/V%C3%A5rahus/1plan/tabid/2256/language/sv-SE/Default.aspx
http://www.smalandsvillan.se	http://www.smalandsvillan.se/vara-hus/sok-hus/
http://anebygruppen.se/	http://anebygruppen.se/varahus/
http://www.savsjotrahus.se/	http://www.savsjotrahus.se/index.php/47-arkitektritade-hus-svartvitt.html
http://www.eksjohus.se/	http://www.eksjohus.se/husmodeller
http://www.vimmerbyhus.se/	http://www.vimmerbyhus.se/vara-hus/
http://www.myresjohus.se/	http://www.myresjohus.se/vara-hus/sok-hus/
http://www.gotenehus.se/	http://www.gotenehus.se/hus
http://www.hudikhus.se/	http://www.hudikhus.se/vara-hus

Norwegian house projects

We have old houses that once faithfully served state institutions, they are simply demolished. In Europe, they are rebuilt into residential and sold to everyone. Can we go this route?

In Stockholm, Sweden former building department of the Salvation Army was made unique two-storey house. Currently this house restored and used as private housing. Moreover, during the repair, some old elements were preserved, which made it possible to preserve the historicity of this building and a certain flavor.
The house of 157 square meters is built in the form of a cross, which is quite unusual in itself. Entering the house, the first thing that catches your eye is a small rug, in vintage style. Further on, red double doors open into the living room and dining room, formerly a resting place for Salvation Army personnel.

The living and dining areas are spacious and well lit. The original emblem of the thirties of the last century has been preserved on the wall in the niche. A large stove in the middle of the room allows you to conditionally divide it into a living room and a dining room. It turns out that sitting in the living room, you can admire beautiful fireplace, and sitting at a large wooden antique table - a magnificent view from the window. It should be noted that in the dining room it was decided to leave even the old wooden benches, which look very harmonious with a bedside table standing near the table with candles and firewood neatly stacked in special niches behind the fireplace. This historic atmosphere of the dining room, oddly enough, goes very well with the modern living room, where modern sofas and hanging on the wall plasma tv. This is explained by the fact that among modern objects one can also find elements that keep history, for example, a woven carpet, an ancient lamp and a braided vessel in the corner of the room.

A staircase leads from the living room to the second floor, and under the stairs there is a bookcase and a small but very cozy office. The kitchen is made of metal and wood, which complement the bright modern elements, such as chairs, and vintage ones, such as paintings on the walls or lamps over dishes.

On the second floor there are bedrooms and guest rooms, which are compact, but each room has its own unique design. For example, the nursery is made in pink colors and filled with bright elements and colors. In the second bedroom, the armchair became the highlight, and in the third - lamps. The bathroom also found a place for an echo of history - wooden cabinets, and they perfectly coexist with a modern bright print on the entire wall.
In all rooms of this house, history and modernity are combined and harmonized, so it takes its rightful place among other design examples on our website.

In addition to horticultural colonies (analogues of our horticultural associations) in Sweden, there are several other types country houses for relax. To country houses temporary accommodation includes villas (villa), cottages (torp), holiday homes or holiday homes (fritidshus), country houses(lantställe), holiday homes (semesterhus), summer huts (sommarstuga) or simply huts (stuga). There are varieties of such houses as houses for children, garden houses, sports huts near ski resorts, etc. However, most often swedish houses for recreation, they are divided into villas and weekend houses (holidays or vacations). These buildings differ in size, level of design and comfort. In addition, the villa implies the possibility year-round living in it, although in many country Swedish holiday homes, you can live all year round.

There are analogues of country houses for rest in many European countries: in England it is a weekend cottage, in Finland a cottage or a villa, in France Chaumiere (literally - small house under a thatched roof), in Italy it is a second home (Seconda Casa), in Norway it is a mountain or forest hut, a holiday home (Ferienhaus) in Germany, and in Russia, Ukraine and Belarus it is a well-known dacha.

Initially, country houses-villas were available only to the wealthy sections of Swedish society. However, since early 20th century after the change of the way of life to the industrial one and the mass migration of the Swedes to the cities, the issue of recuperation and outdoor recreation became relevant for the broader masses. Rural houses, chalets and cottages belonging to families or their relatives in the villages began to be used for recreation. The launch of steamship lines along the Stockholm archipelago made it possible to build country houses along their shores, even in places where there were no roads yet. The industrialization of Sweden was rather slow, and the transformation agriculture and buildings in summer residences lasted until the 1940s and 50s. During this period, holiday homes ceased to be called huts or chalets and began to use the term "vacation, vacation or vacation home". In today's Sweden, vacations are predominantly in the summer, so the term "summer house" is also used.

The rapid development of infrastructures and communications in modern Sweden (a country that spends up to 15% of GDP on the purchase advanced technologies and patents around the world) allows you to live with the same comfort both in the city and in the countryside. Therefore, more and more Swedish families country houses are used for permanent residence. (In tsarist Russia, such domestic summer residents were called "zymogors"). Good transport accessibility, the possibility of remote work, low prices, clean nature and a calm atmosphere make this choice more and more attractive. Swedish municipalities following the requirements create an appropriate infrastructure for electricity and water supply, disposal Wastewater, laying new transport routes, building schools and kindergartens, medical centers.

The external and internal appearance of Swedish (and indeed Scandinavian) houses is determined by traditional Protestant values, which were formulated in 1933 by the Danish writer Axel Sandemuse in the novel En fl yktning krysser sitt spor (“The fugitive crosses his trail”, not translated into Russian). These 10 rules are the so-called "Jante's law" (Janteloven):

Don't think that you are special.
Don't think you're our equal.
Don't think you're smarter than us.
Don't imagine that you are better than us.
Don't think you know more than us.
Don't think you're more important than us.
Don't think that you can do everything.
You shouldn't laugh at us.
Don't think anyone cares about you.
Don't think that you can teach us.

In short, the life of a Protestant is defined by Christian humility. Not declared ostentatious humility "only in the church", but the real one, which determines the course of a person's thoughts and dictates all his actions. Therefore, the houses of the richest people in Sweden differ only in size and level. design solutions, but not the presence of gold in the decoration, Carras marble, tall fences and brutal guards, as well as other attributes of "Asian feudal coolness", so well known in our country.

Regular navigation in the Stockholm archipelago has been established since the mid-1800s. Therefore, the first dachas - country houses began to appear along the banks of skerries, even in those places where there were no roads yet. These days, most Swedes get to their coastal dachas on yachts or boats.

The summer villa of a large wealthy (aristocratic) family was used as a residence during the summer. This concept country rest established in 1883. Such families traveled for the summer with a large number servants who were supposed to take care of household matters. The villas of that period were built with more rooms to accommodate both domestic servant families. as well as visiting guests.

Grosshandlarvillan "Large" villa in Sweden is a type of special type summer houses, originally built by wealthy people who could buy or rent land in the interior of the Stockholm archipelago. The 1934 description says that Grosshandlarvillan combines a rich appearance with a cheap construction cost. Grosshandlarvillan villas were built mainly in the late 1800s and early 1900s.

After a deep and protracted recession in the 1920s and 30s, which led to the collapse of many Swedish companies and banks, construction big dachas was actually discontinued. After the Second World War, the villas were replaced by simplified dachas-cottages. The first cottages of this type began to be built in 1929.

In 1938, through state-subsidized low interest rates loans provided any Swedish employee with the opportunity to build or purchase a dacha outside the city for recreation closer to nature.

In the 1940-50s, when many small farms began to close due to the migration of the population to the cities, many farmers began to build small country houses with an area of 20-55 m². In the 1950s and 60s, country houses began to be equipped with all the amenities as in a city apartment or house.

Interestingly, already in those years, the Swedes used a selective home electrical circuit, where individual lines were protected by a separate electrical "plug" - a fuse. There are 9 plugs in this photo, but I saw shields with 20 plugs.

Converted old Swedish country houses began to be equipped with full bathrooms. Modest, clean and comfortable.

Of course, modern bathrooms in Swedish homes look better. However, brevity scandinavian design present even in the most expensive villas.

Even if the house is not equipped with a septic tank, but a peat composting toilet is used, the design of such a bathroom can be modern and aesthetic.

For more modest summer huts, it is arranged and usual for our eyes outdoor toilet.

But even in such a toilet, a cesspool is not used, as an attribute of the dense Middle Ages, but the same technology of biological composting is used.

Some Swedish homes use eco-friendly faeces-burning toilets based on a catalytic electric burner.

Such toilets are good to use in buildings near water bodies, for minimal pollution. environment. By the way, in Sweden (as well as throughout Scandinavia) construction near the water is not prohibited. In civilized countries, it is well understood that the purity of reservoirs is not due to the distance from the building to the reservoir, but the level of environmental consciousness of citizens, and the use modern methods wastewater treatment.

Such architectural solutions in the style of "Modern" ("Modernism", "Jugend", "Tiffany", "Art Nouveau") late XIX the beginning of the 20th century were also characteristic of wealthy Finnish and Russian dachas.

However, if in Finland summer cottages of that period are perfectly preserved, then in Leningrad region they died en masse during revolutions and wars, and continue to die at the present time from fires, redistribution of property and mismanagement.

Modern Swedish villas are distinguished by the Scandinavian conciseness of style.

The vast majority of modern scandinavian houses are based on a frame structure, as the most rational in construction and operation.

The epitome of the triumph of rational approach to construction country house is an A-shaped frame structure of a hut house.

Stone suburban buildings in Sweden are mostly preserved old manor houses. The photo shows an example of an extension of a modern winter garden to an old stone building.

The trend of use as summer cottages original vintage or stylized ancient buildings without amenities lasted in Sweden until the 1960s and 70s. (For comparison, in Norway there are still fans of authentic "wild" country rest). Now "antiquity" in Sweden can be found perhaps only in external design country houses, and even then infrequently, compared with the same Norway.

In Sweden, there is large quantity architectural experiments with modern options architectural styles.

Minimalism using the natural texture of wood is a very popular solution for the facades of modern country houses. Larch is most often used, including without any treatment or with treatment with colorless antiseptics, as a result of which the wood acquires the natural color of a dead tree in several seasons.

Combination of dark metal and raw wooden surface allows you to enter the building modern forms into the natural environment.

Another architectural trend of modern Swedish houses is the maximum glazing, which allows you to live in the house as an extension of the surrounding landscape.

The increase in the area of glazing is also used in the reconstruction of Swedish houses of old traditional construction.

A variant of a chalet-style house with a loft (sleeping attic with low ceilings, open to the space of the second light in the house). Most Swedish country houses are characterized by the presence of a large wooden deck, which offers a view of the surrounding beauty.

Example of house renovation: new frame floor built on an old stone plinth.

In the mid-1970s in Sweden, large construction companies bought up agricultural land and built numerous small cottages in picturesque places.

Common water supply networks were laid to the houses, access roads were built, beaches were ennobled and moorings for yachts and boats were arranged.

Many Swedish dachas are located right by the water.

On large country estates near the water on the pier there is only a house for yacht or boat accessories.

Swedish dacha in the style of "torp" - the cottage of a day laborer-tenant. Day work was legally abolished in Sweden in 1943, but the style of these small traditional Swedish cottages has taken root. Now the term "torp" is sometimes used to refer to inexpensive Swedish country cottages.

A modern version of a Swedish country house with a loft loft.

The foundation of a house on a slope, whether it is a pile-and-column for a deck or a monolithic tape for the main house, is often masked with a decorative wooden lattice.

In general, in Sweden there is virtually no vinyl siding. The houses are finished either with natural painted or unpainted wood, or have stucco facades.

As the needs of the family increase, the Swedes add outbuildings to existing houses or extend buildings.

An example of a combination of a country house built from two small cottages combined winter garden(glazed gallery).

The U-shaped shape of a country house allows you to visually isolate the recreation area from neighboring views: after all, building fences (and even more high fences) is not accepted in the suburban area in Sweden.

The most popular is the traditional rural Swedish style of country buildings: long houses with gently sloping pitched roofs, with protruding roof overhangs, lined up in laconic geometric shapes, with large glazing façades painted in traditional Falu Red combined with white edging.

The interiors of most Swedish country houses are very laconic: white walls and natural wood. The unbleached color of the wood is typical for the buildings of the 1970s and 90s. Since the 2000s, bleached or stained wood has come into fashion.